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Guo X, Zhang Y, Li Q, Shi F, HuangFu Y, Li J, Lao X. The influence of a modified p53 C-terminal peptide by using a tumor-targeting sequence on cellular apoptosis and tumor treatment. Apoptosis 2024; 29:865-881. [PMID: 38145442 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The restoration of the function of p53 in tumors is a therapeutic strategy for the highly frequent mutation of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. P460 is a wild-type peptide derived from the p53 C-terminus and has been proven to be capable of restoring the tumor suppressor function of p53. The poor accumulation of drugs in tumors is a serious hindrance to tumor treatment. For enhancing the activity of P460, the tumor-targeting sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Arg (RGDR, C-end rule peptide) was introduced into the C-terminus of P460 to generate the new peptide P462. P462 presented better activity than P460 in inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells and increasing the number of tumor cells undergoing apoptosis. Cell adhesion analysis and tumor imaging results revealed that P462 showed more specific and extensive binding with tumor cells and greater accumulation in tumors than the wild-type peptide. Importantly, treatment with P462 was more efficacious than that with P460 in vivo and was associated with considerably improved tumor-homing activity. This study highlights the importance of the roles of the tumor-homing sequence RGDR in the enhancement in cell attachment and tumor accumulation. The results of this work indicate that P462 could be a novel drug candidate for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Fangxin Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yifan HuangFu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China.
| | - Xingzhen Lao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China.
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Peuget S, Zhou X, Selivanova G. Translating p53-based therapies for cancer into the clinic. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:192-215. [PMID: 38287107 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Inactivation of the most important tumour suppressor gene TP53 occurs in most, if not all, human cancers. Loss of functional wild-type p53 is achieved via two main mechanisms: mutation of the gene leading to an absence of tumour suppressor activity and, in some cases, gain-of-oncogenic function; or inhibition of the wild-type p53 protein mediated by overexpression of its negative regulators MDM2 and MDMX. Because of its high potency as a tumour suppressor and the dependence of at least some established tumours on its inactivation, p53 appears to be a highly attractive target for the development of new anticancer drugs. However, p53 is a transcription factor and therefore has long been considered undruggable. Nevertheless, several innovative strategies have been pursued for targeting dysfunctional p53 for cancer treatment. In mutant p53-expressing tumours, the predominant strategy is to restore tumour suppressor function with compounds acting either in a generic manner or otherwise selective for one or a few specific p53 mutations. In addition, approaches to deplete mutant p53 or to target vulnerabilities created by mutant p53 expression are currently under development. In wild-type p53 tumours, the major approach is to protect p53 from the actions of MDM2 and MDMX by targeting these negative regulators with inhibitors. Although the results of at least some clinical trials of MDM2 inhibitors and mutant p53-restoring compounds are promising, none of the agents has yet been approved by the FDA. Alternative strategies, based on a better understanding of p53 biology, the mechanisms of action of compounds and treatment regimens as well as the development of new technologies are gaining interest, such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras for MDM2 degradation. Other approaches are taking advantage of the progress made in immune-based therapies for cancer. In this Review, we present these ongoing clinical trials and emerging approaches to re-evaluate the current state of knowledge of p53-based therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Peuget
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Galina Selivanova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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3
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Li J, Guo M, Chen L, Chen Z, Fu Y, Chen Y. p53 amyloid aggregation in cancer: function, mechanism, and therapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:66. [PMID: 36171607 PMCID: PMC9520902 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to neurodegenerative diseases, the concept that tumors are prion like diseases has been proposed in recent years. p53, the most well-known tumor suppressor, has been extensively studied for its expression, mutation, and function in various tumors. Currently, an interesting phenomenon of p53 prion-like aggregation has been found in several tumors, and studies have found that its pathological aggregation may lead to functional alterations and ultimately affect tumor progression. It has been demonstrated that the mechanism of p53 aggregation involves its mutation, domains, isoform, etc. In addition to p53 itself, some other factors, including Zn2+ concentration, pH, temperature and chaperone abnormalities, can also contribute to p53 aggregation. Although there are some studies about the mechanism and role of p53 aggregation and amyloidosis in tumors, there still exist some controversies. In this paper, we review the mechanism of p53 amyloid fibril structure and discuss the characteristics and effects of p53 amyloid aggregation, as well as the pathogenic mechanism leading to the occurrence of aggregation in tumors. Finally, we summarize the various inhibitors targeting p53 aggregation and prion-like behavior. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of p53 aggregation can expand our understanding of the causes leading its loss of physiological function and that targeting p53 aggregation might be a promising therapeutic strategy for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhi Li
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Zhuchu Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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4
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Szudy-Szczyrek A, Ahern S, Krawczyk J, Szczyrek M, Hus M. MiRNA as a Potential Target for Multiple Myeloma Therapy–Current Knowledge and Perspectives. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091428. [PMID: 36143213 PMCID: PMC9503263 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy. Despite the huge therapeutic progress thanks to the introduction of novel therapies, MM remains an incurable disease. Extensive research is currently ongoing to find new options. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. Aberrant expression of miRNAs in MM is common. Depending on their role in MM development, miRNAs have been reported as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. It was demonstrated that specific miRNA alterations using miRNA mimics or antagomirs can normalize the gene regulatory network and signaling pathways in the microenvironment and MM cells. These properties make miRNAs attractive targets in anti-myeloma therapy. However, only a few miRNA-based drugs have been entered into clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the role of the miRNAs in the pathogenesis of MM, their current status in preclinical/clinical trials, and the mechanisms by which miRNAs can theoretically achieve therapeutic benefit in MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Szudy-Szczyrek
- Chair and Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.S.-S.); (M.H.)
| | - Sean Ahern
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Galway, H91 Galway, Ireland
- National University of Ireland, H91 Galway, Ireland
| | - Janusz Krawczyk
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Galway, H91 Galway, Ireland
- National University of Ireland, H91 Galway, Ireland
| | - Michał Szczyrek
- Chair and Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Hus
- Chair and Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.S.-S.); (M.H.)
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Li J, Peng L, Chen Q, Ye Z, Zhao T, Hou S, Gu J, Hang Q. Integrin β1 in Pancreatic Cancer: Expressions, Functions, and Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143377. [PMID: 35884437 PMCID: PMC9318555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to improving the survival rate of PC patients. Emerging studies show that integrins might contribute to the pathogenesis of PC. This review presents the various signaling pathways that are mediated by integrins in PC and emphasizes the multiple functions of integrin β1 in malignant behaviors of PC. It also discusses the clinical significance of integrin β1 as well as integrin β1-based therapy in PC patients. Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by rapid progression and a high mortality rate. The current treatment is still based on surgical treatment, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and new methods of combining immune and molecular biological treatments are being explored. Despite this, the survival rate of PC patients is still very disappointing. Therefore, clarifying the molecular mechanism of PC pathogenesis and developing precisely targeted drugs are key to improving PC prognosis. As the most common β subunit of the integrin family, integrin β1 has been proved to be closely related to the vascular invasion, distant metastasis, and survival of PC patients, and treatment targeting integrin β1 in PC has gained initial success in animal models. In this review, we summarize the various signaling pathways by which integrins are involved in PC, focusing on the roles of integrin β1 in the malignant behaviors of PC. Additionally, recent studies regarding the feasibility of integrin β1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in PC are also discussed. Finally, we present the progress of several integrin β1-based clinical trials to highlight the potential of integrin β1 as a target for personalized therapy in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Liyao Peng
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China;
| | - Qun Chen
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China;
| | - Ziping Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China;
| | - Sicong Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.L.); (S.H.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China;
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 81-8558, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Q.H.); Tel.: +86-13-8145-8885 (Q.H.)
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 81-8558, Japan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Q.H.); Tel.: +86-13-8145-8885 (Q.H.)
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Taxifolin and Lucidin as Potential E6 Protein Inhibitors: p53 Function Re-Establishment and Apoptosis Induction in Cervical Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122834. [PMID: 35740499 PMCID: PMC9221127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers continue to be a major medical concern, and there exists an urgent need to improve the current therapeutic approaches by combining strategies or proposing new compounds to offer more specific and less invasive treatments. The aim of this work was to discover potential inhibitors of the E6/E6AP/p53 complex formation. We started this work with an initial in silico approach including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, and these tools allowed us to select potential inhibitors, using E6 protein as a target. In addition, we found that lucidin and taxifolin were able to selectively decrease the viability of HPV-positive cells to re-establish p53 protein levels and to induce apoptosis. These findings represent a promising starting point for the development of anti-HPV drugs. Abstract Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of death in women worldwide, with 99% of cases associated with a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Given that HPV prophylactic vaccines do not exert a therapeutic effect in individuals previously infected, have low coverage of all HPV types, and have poor accessibility in developing countries, it is unlikely that HPV-associated cancers will be eradicated in the coming years. Therefore, there is an emerging need for the development of anti-HPV drugs. Considering HPV E6’s oncogenic role, this protein has been proposed as a relevant target for cancer treatment. In the present work, we employed in silico tools to discover potential E6 inhibitors, as well as biochemical and cellular assays to understand the action of selected compounds in HPV-positive cells (Caski and HeLa) vs. HPV-negative (C33A) and non-carcinogenic (NHEK) cell lines. In fact, by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we found three phenolic compounds able to dock in the E6AP binding pocket of the E6 protein. In particular, lucidin and taxifolin were able to inhibit E6-mediated p53 degradation, selectively reduce the viability, and induce apoptosis in HPV-positive cells. Altogether, our data can be relevant for discovering promising leads for the development of specific anti-HPV drugs.
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7
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p53-Dependent Repression: DREAM or Reality? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194850. [PMID: 34638334 PMCID: PMC8508069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor suppressor p53 is a complex cell signaling hub encompassing multiple transcription programs and governs a vast repertoire of biological responses. However, despite several decades of research, how p53 selects one program over another is still elusive. Recent attempts have used meta-analyses of p53 ChIP-seq data to determine the core p53 transcriptional program, conserved across different models and stimuli. This review highlights the complexity of the multiple layers of p53 regulation and the context specificity of p53 target genes. More specifically, we discuss the controversy over the mechanisms of p53-dependent transcriptional repression and its potential role in the flexibility of p53 response. Abstract p53 is a major tumor suppressor that integrates diverse types of signaling in mammalian cells. In response to a broad range of intra- or extra-cellular stimuli, p53 controls the expression of multiple target genes and elicits a vast repertoire of biological responses. The exact code by which p53 integrates the various stresses and translates them into an appropriate transcriptional response is still obscure. p53 is tightly regulated at multiple levels, leading to a wide diversity in p53 complexes on its target promoters and providing adaptability to its transcriptional program. As p53-targeted therapies are making their way into clinics, we need to understand how to direct p53 towards the desired outcome (i.e., cell death, senescence or other) selectively in cancer cells without affecting normal tissues or the immune system. While the core p53 transcriptional program has been proposed, the mechanisms conferring a cell type- and stimuli-dependent transcriptional outcome by p53 require further investigations. The mechanism by which p53 localizes to repressed promoters and manages its co-repressor interactions is controversial and remains an important gap in our understanding of the p53 cistrome. We hope that our review of the recent literature will help to stimulate the appreciation and investigation of largely unexplored p53-mediated repression.
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8
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Gomes AS, Ramos H, Inga A, Sousa E, Saraiva L. Structural and Drug Targeting Insights on Mutant p53. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3344. [PMID: 34283062 PMCID: PMC8268744 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a transcription factor with a pivotal role in cell homeostasis and fate. Its impairment is a major event in tumor onset and development. In fact, about half of human cancers bear TP53 mutations that not only halt the normal function of p53, but also may acquire oncogenic gain of functions that favor tumorigenesis. Although considered undruggable for a long time, evidence has proven the capability of many compounds to restore a wild-type (wt)-like function to mutant p53 (mutp53). However, they have not reached the clinic to date. Structural studies have strongly contributed to the knowledge about p53 structure, stability, dynamics, function, and regulation. Importantly, they have afforded relevant insights into wt and mutp53 pharmacology at molecular levels, fostering the design and development of p53-targeted anticancer therapies. Herein, we provide an integrated view of mutp53 regulation, particularly focusing on mutp53 structural traits and on targeting agents capable of its reactivation, including their biological, biochemical and biophysical features. With this, we expect to pave the way for the development of improved small molecules that may advance precision cancer therapy by targeting p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sara Gomes
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.G.); (H.R.)
| | - Helena Ramos
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.G.); (H.R.)
| | - Alberto Inga
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Networks, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Lucília Saraiva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.G.); (H.R.)
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9
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Moreira J, Almeida J, Loureiro JB, Ramos H, Palmeira A, Pinto MM, Saraiva L, Cidade H. A Diarylpentanoid with Potential Activation of the p53 Pathway: Combination of in silico Screening Studies, Synthesis, and Biological Activity Evaluation. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2969-2981. [PMID: 34170069 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In silico studies of a library of diarylpentanoids led us to the identification of potential new MDM2/X ligands. The diarylpentanoids with the best docking scores obeying the druglikeness and ADMET prediction properties were subsequently synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity on colon cancer HCT116 and fibroblasts HFF-1 cells. The effect on p53-MDM2/X interactions was evaluated through yeast-based assays for compounds showing potent antiproliferative activity in HCT116 cells and low toxicity in normal cells, resulting in the identification of a potential dual inhibitor. Moreover, its antiproliferative effect was significantly reduced in the absence of p53 and in MDA-MB-231 cells expressing a mutant p53 form. The antiproliferative effect of this compound was associated with induction of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, PARP cleavage and increased p53 and its transcriptional targets, p21 and PUMA, in HCT116 cells. Docking poses and residues involved in the inhibition of p53-MDM2/X interactions were predicted by docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Moreira
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Joana Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana B Loureiro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Ramos
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Madalena M Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Lucília Saraiva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Honorina Cidade
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
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10
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Li J, Zeng T, Tang S, Zhong M, Huang Q, Li X, He X. Medical ozone induces proliferation and migration inhibition through ROS accumulation and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB suppression in human liver cancer cells in vitro. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1847-1856. [PMID: 33821368 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies and leading cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Ozone has been proposed as a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of various disorders. PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to assess the potential anticancer effects of the ozone on liver cancer cells. METHOD The liver cancer cell line of bel7402 and SMMC7721 was used in this study. Proliferation was evaluated using the CCK-8 and the colony formation assay. Wond healing assay and transwell assay without Matrigel were used to evaluate their migration ability. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) determination. Glutathione detection kit was used for measurement of glutathione level. Protein expression was estimated by western blot analysis. RESULTS Ozone treatment inhibited liver cancer cell proliferation, colony formation. Ozone induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, which could be elucidated by the change of protein levels of p53, p21, Cyclin D1, cyclin B1, cdc2, and CDK4. We also found that ozone treatment inhibited migration ability by inhibiting EMT-relating protein. Ozone also induced ROS accumulation and decreased glutathione level decreased, which contributed to the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Finally, we found that pre-treatment of liver cancer cells with N-acetylcysteine resisted ozone-induced effects. CONCLUSIONS Ozone restrains the proliferation and migration potential and EMT process of liver cancer cells via ROS accumulation and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - T Zeng
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - S Tang
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - M Zhong
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Huang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - X Li
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - X He
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Rizzotto D, Zaccara S, Rossi A, Galbraith MD, Andrysik Z, Pandey A, Sullivan KD, Quattrone A, Espinosa JM, Dassi E, Inga A. Nutlin-Induced Apoptosis Is Specified by a Translation Program Regulated by PCBP2 and DHX30. Cell Rep 2021; 30:4355-4369.e6. [PMID: 32234473 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of p53 by the small molecule Nutlin can result in a combination of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The relative strength of these events is difficult to predict by classical gene expression analysis, leaving uncertainty as to the therapeutic benefits. In this study, we report a translational control mechanism shaping p53-dependent apoptosis. Using polysome profiling, we establish Nutlin-induced apoptosis to associate with the enhanced translation of mRNAs carrying multiple copies of an identified 3' UTR CG-rich motif mediating p53-dependent death (CGPD-motif). We identify PCBP2 and DHX30 as CGPD-motif interactors. We find that in cells undergoing persistent cell cycle arrest in response to Nutlin, CGPD-motif mRNAs are repressed by the PCBP2-dependent binding of DHX30 to the motif. Upon DHX30 depletion in these cells, the translation of CGPD-motif mRNAs increases, and the response to Nutlin shifts toward apoptosis. Instead, DHX30 inducible overexpression in SJSA1 cells leads to decreased translation of CGPD-motif mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Rizzotto
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Sara Zaccara
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Annalisa Rossi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80203, USA
| | - Zdenek Andrysik
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80203, USA
| | - Ahwan Pandey
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80203, USA
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80203, USA
| | - Alessandro Quattrone
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Joaquín M Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80203, USA
| | - Erik Dassi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Alberto Inga
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.
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12
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Antitumor Effects of PRIMA-1 and PRIMA-1 Met (APR246) in Hematological Malignancies: Still a Mutant P53-Dependent Affair? Cells 2021; 10:cells10010098. [PMID: 33430525 PMCID: PMC7827888 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of its role in the regulation of the cell cycle, DNA damage response, apoptosis, DNA repair, cell migration, autophagy, and cell metabolism, the TP53 tumor suppressor gene is a key player for cellular homeostasis. TP53 gene is mutated in more than 50% of human cancers, although its overall dysfunction may be even more frequent. TP53 mutations are detected in a lower percentage of hematological malignancies compared to solid tumors, but their frequency generally increases with disease progression, generating adverse effects such as resistance to chemotherapy. Due to the crucial role of P53 in therapy response, several molecules have been developed to re-establish the wild-type P53 function to mutant P53. PRIMA-1 and its methylated form PRIMA-1Met (also named APR246) are capable of restoring the wild-type conformation to mutant P53 and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells; however, they also possess mutant P53-independent properties. This review presents the activities of PRIMA-1 and PRIMA-1Met/APR246 and describes their potential use in hematological malignancies.
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13
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Monti P, Menichini P, Speciale A, Cutrona G, Fais F, Taiana E, Neri A, Bomben R, Gentile M, Gattei V, Ferrarini M, Morabito F, Fronza G. Heterogeneity of TP53 Mutations and P53 Protein Residual Function in Cancer: Does It Matter? Front Oncol 2020; 10:593383. [PMID: 33194757 PMCID: PMC7655923 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.593383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human TP53 locus, located on the short arm of chromosome 17, encodes a tumour suppressor protein which functions as a tetrameric transcription factor capable of regulating the expression of a plethora of target genes involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA repair, autophagy, and metabolism regulation. TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancer cells and TP53 germ-line mutations are responsible for the cancer-prone Li-Fraumeni syndrome. When mutated, the TP53 gene generally presents missense mutations, which can be distributed throughout the coding sequence, although they are found most frequently in the central DNA binding domain of the protein. TP53 mutations represent an important prognostic and predictive marker in cancer. The presence of a TP53 mutation does not necessarily imply a complete P53 inactivation; in fact, mutant P53 proteins are classified based on the effects on P53 protein function. Different models have been used to explore these never-ending facets of TP53 mutations, generating abundant experimental data on their functional impact. Here, we briefly review the studies analysing the consequences of TP53 mutations on P53 protein function and their possible implications for clinical outcome. The focus shall be on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), which also has generated considerable discussion on the role of TP53 mutations for therapy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Monti
- Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention Unit, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Menichini
- Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention Unit, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Speciale
- Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention Unit, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cutrona
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Fais
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Taiana
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bomben
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Haematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, I.R.C.C.S., Aviano, Italy
| | - Massimo Gentile
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) di Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Haematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, I.R.C.C.S., Aviano, Italy
| | - Manlio Ferrarini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fortunato Morabito
- Unità di Ricerca Biotecnologica, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Cosenza, Aprigliano, Italy.,Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Augusta Victoria Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilberto Fronza
- Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention Unit, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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14
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Soliman AM, Lin TS, Mahakkanukrauh P, Das S. Role of microRNAs in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management of Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7539. [PMID: 33066062 PMCID: PMC7589124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancerous bone disease characterized by malignant transformation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM is considered to be the second most common blood malignancy, with 20,000 new cases reported every year in the USA. Extensive research is currently enduring to validate diagnostic and therapeutic means to manage MM. microRNAs (miRNAs) were shown to be dysregulated in MM cases and to have a potential role in either progression or suppression of MM. Therefore, researchers investigated miRNAs levels in MM plasma cells and created tools to test their impact on tumor growth. In the present review, we discuss the most recently discovered miRNAs and their regulation in MM. Furthermore, we emphasized utilizing miRNAs as potential targets in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of MM, which can be useful for future clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro M. Soliman
- Department of Biological Sciences—Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Teoh Seong Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Department of Anatomy & Excellence in Osteology Research and Training Center (ORTC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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15
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Singh M, Zhou X, Chen X, Santos GS, Peuget S, Cheng Q, Rihani A, Arnér ESJ, Hartman J, Selivanova G. Identification and targeting of selective vulnerability rendered by tamoxifen resistance. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:80. [PMID: 32727562 PMCID: PMC7388523 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer represents over 80% of all breast cancer cases. Even though adjuvant hormone therapy with tamoxifen (TMX) is saving lives of patients with ER-positive breast cancer, the acquired resistance to TMX anti-estrogen therapy is the main hurdle for successful TMX therapy. Here we address the mechanism for TMX resistance and explore the ways to eradicate TMX-resistant breast cancer in both in vitro and ex vivo experiments. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To identify compounds able to overcome TMX resistance, we used short-term and long-term viability assays in cancer cells in vitro and in patient samples in 3D ex vivo, analysis of gene expression profiles and cell line pharmacology database, shRNA screen, CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, real-time PCR, immunofluorescent analysis, western blot, measurement of oxidative stress using flow cytometry, and thioredoxin reductase 1 enzymatic activity. RESULTS Here, for the first time, we provide an ample evidence that a high level of the detoxifying enzyme SULT1A1 confers resistance to TMX therapy in both in vitro and ex vivo models and correlates with TMX resistance in metastatic samples in relapsed patients. Based on the data from different approaches, we identified three anticancer compounds, RITA (Reactivation of p53 and Induction of Tumor cell Apoptosis), aminoflavone (AF), and oncrasin-1 (ONC-1), whose tumor cell inhibition activity is dependent on SULT1A1. We discovered thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1, encoded by TXNRD1) as a target of bio-activated RITA, AF, and ONC-1. SULT1A1 depletion prevented the inhibition of TrxR1, induction of oxidative stress, DNA damage signaling, and apoptosis triggered by the compounds. Notably, RITA efficiently suppressed TMX-unresponsive patient-derived breast cancer cells ex vivo. CONCLUSION We have identified a mechanism of resistance to TMX via hyperactivated SULT1A1, which renders selective vulnerability to anticancer compounds RITA, AF, and ONC-1, and provide a rationale for a new combination therapy to overcome TMX resistance in breast cancer patients. Our novel findings may provide a strategy to circumvent TMX resistance and suggest that this approach could be developed further for the benefit of relapsed breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurendra Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xinsong Chen
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, CCK, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gema Sanz Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sylvain Peuget
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qing Cheng
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Rihani
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, CCK, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Galina Selivanova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Sanz G, Singh M, Peuget S, Selivanova G. Inhibition of p53 inhibitors: progress, challenges and perspectives. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:586-599. [PMID: 31310659 PMCID: PMC6735775 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is the major tumor suppressor and the most frequently inactivated gene in cancer. p53 could be disabled either by mutations or by upstream negative regulators, including, but not limited to MDM2 and MDMX. p53 activity is required for the prevention as well as for the eradication of cancers. Restoration of p53 activity in mouse models leads to the suppression of established tumors of different origin. These findings provide a strong support to the anti-cancer strategy aimed for p53 reactivation. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the development of small molecules, which restore the tumor suppressor function of wild-type p53 and discuss their clinical advance. We discuss different aspects of p53-mediated response, which contribute to suppression of tumors, including non-canonical p53 activities, such as regulation of immune response. While targeting p53 inhibitors is a very promising approach, there are certain limitations and concerns that the intensive research and clinical evaluation of compounds will hopefully help to overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Sanz
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum 8C, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Madhurendra Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum 8C, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Sylvain Peuget
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum 8C, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Galina Selivanova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum 8C, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
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17
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Pu Q, Lv YR, Dong K, Geng WW, Gao HD. Tumor suppressor OTUD3 induces growth inhibition and apoptosis by directly deubiquitinating and stabilizing p53 in invasive breast carcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:583. [PMID: 32571254 PMCID: PMC7310228 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background P53 pathway inactivation plays an important role in the process of breast cancer tumorigenesis. Post-translational protein modification abnormalities have been confirmed to be an important mechanism underlying inactivation of p53. Numerous deubiquitinating enzymes are aberrantly expressed in breast cancer, and a few deubiquitination enzymes can deubiquitinate and stabilize p53. Here, we report that ovarian tumor (OTU) deubiquitinase 3 (OTUD3) is a deubiquitylase of p53 in breast carcinoma (BC). Methods Correlations between the mRNA expression levels of OTUD3, TP53 and PTEN and the prognosis of BC were assessed with the Kaplan-Meier Plotter tool. OTUD3 protein expression in 80 pairs of specimens in our cohort was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The relationship among OTUD3, p53, and p21 proteins was analyzed. Half-life analysis and ubiquitylation assay were performed to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which OTUD3 stabilizes p53. The interaction between OTUD3 and p53 in BC cells was verified by a co-immunoprecipitation assay and GST pulldown experiments. MTS assay for proliferation detection, detection of apoptosis induced by cisplatin and colony formation assay were employed to investigate the functional effects of OTUD3 on breast cancer cells. Results OTUD3 downregulation is correlated with a poor prognosis in BC patients. OTUD3 expression is decreased in breast cancer tissues and not associated with the histological grade. OTUD3 also inhibits cell proliferation and clone formation and increases the sensitivity of BC cells to apoptosis induced by chemotherapy drugs. Reduced OTUD3 expression accompanied by decreased p53 abundance is correlated with human breast cancer progression. Ectopic expression of wild-type OTUD3, but not its catalytically inactive mutant, stabilizes and activates p53. Mechanistically, OTUD3 interacts directly with p53 through the amino-terminal OTU region. Finally, OTUD3 protects p53 from murine double minute 2 (Mdm2)-mediated ubiquitination and degradation, enabling the deubiquitination of p53 in BC cells. Conclusions In summary, we found that OTUD3 may be a potential therapeutic target for restoring p53 function in breast cancer cells and suggest that the OTUD3-p53 signaling axis may play a critical role in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Pu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Rong Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ke Dong
- Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Geng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Dong Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China. .,Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, P.R. China.
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18
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Recent Synthetic Approaches towards Small Molecule Reactivators of p53. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040635. [PMID: 32326087 PMCID: PMC7226499 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is often called "the genome guardian" and controls the cell cycle and the integrity of DNA, as well as other important cellular functions. Its main function is to trigger the process of apoptosis in tumor cells, and approximately 50% of all cancers are related to the inactivation of the p53 protein through mutations in the TP53 gene. Due to the association of mutant p53 with cancer therapy resistance, different forms of restoration of p53 have been subject of intense research in recent years. In this sense, this review focus on the main currently adopted approaches for activation and reactivation of p53 tumor suppressor function, focusing on the synthetic approaches that are involved in the development and preparation of such small molecules.
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19
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Pereira D, Lima RT, Palmeira A, Seca H, Soares J, Gomes S, Raimundo L, Maciel C, Pinto M, Sousa E, Helena Vasconcelos M, Saraiva L, Cidade H. Design and synthesis of new inhibitors of p53–MDM2 interaction with a chalcone scaffold. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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20
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Wang R, Zou K, Zou L. Genetic alterations in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and targeted therapies. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2369-2377. [PMID: 31555347 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine malignancy, and its incidence is increasing. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), referring to undifferentiated subtypes, is considered to be aggressive and associated with poor prognosis. Conventional therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy and radioiodine therapy, have been used for ATC, but these do not provide any significant reduction of the overall mortality rate. The tumorigenesis, development, dedifferentiation and metastasis of ATC are closely associated with the activation of various tyrosine cascades and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, including B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinaseV600E, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit α,tumor protein 53 mutations and telomerase reverse transcriptase mutation. These pathways exert their functions individually or through a complex network. Identification of these mutations may provide a deeper understanding of ATC. A variety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been successfully employed for controlling ATC growth in vitro and in xenografts. Certain novel compounds are still in clinical trials. Multi-kinase inhibitors provide a novel approach with great potential. This systematic review determined the prevalence of the major genetic alterations and their inhibitors in ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjuan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
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21
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Vassilakopoulos TP, Chatzidimitriou C, Asimakopoulos JV, Arapaki M, Tzoras E, Angelopoulou MK, Konstantopoulos K. Immunotherapy in Hodgkin Lymphoma: Present Status and Future Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2019. [PMID: 31362369 DOI: 10.3390/cancers] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is usually curable, 20-30% of the patients experience treatment failure and most of them are typically treated with salvage chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (autoSCT). However, 45-55% of that subset further relapse or progress despite intensive treatment. At the advanced stage of the disease course, recently developed immunotherapeutic approaches have provided very promising results with prolonged remissions or disease stabilization in many patients. Brentuximab vedotin (BV) has been approved for patients with relapsed/refractory cHL (rr-cHL) who have failed autoSCT, as a consolidation after autoSCT in high-risk patients, as well as for patients who are ineligible for autoSCT or multiagent chemotherapy who have failed ≥ two treatment lines. However, except of the consolidation setting, 90-95% of the patients will progress and require further treatment. In this clinical setting, immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) have produced impressive results. Both nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved for rr-cHL after autoSCT and BV failure, while pembrolizumab has also been licensed for transplant ineligible patients after BV failure. Other CPIs, sintilimab and tislelizumab, have been successfully tested in China, albeit in less heavily pretreated populations. Recent data suggest that the efficacy of CPIs may be augmented by hypomethylating agents, such as decitabine. As a result of their success in heavily pretreated disease, BV and CPIs are moving to earlier lines of treatment. BV was recently licensed by the FDA for the first-line treatment of stage III/IV Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in combination with AVD (only stage IV according to the European Medicines Agency (EMA)). CPIs are currently being evaluated in combination with AVD in phase II trials of first-line treatment. The impact of BV and CPIs was also investigated in the setting of second-line salvage therapy. Finally, combinations of targeted therapies are under evaluation. Based on these exciting results, it appears reasonable to predict that an improvement in survival and a potential increase in the cure rates of cHL will soon become evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros P Vassilakopoulos
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Chrysovalantou Chatzidimitriou
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - John V Asimakopoulos
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Arapaki
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Tzoras
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria K Angelopoulou
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Konstantopoulos
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
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22
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Wang L, Zhao T, Wang S, Jin J, Cai Y, Wang F. Expression, purification, and in vitro mitochondrial interaction analysis of full-length and truncated human tumor suppresser p53. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1220-1226. [PMID: 30898040 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1594674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
p53 is a potent tumor suppressor which can prevent the propagation of cells carrying oncogenic lesions via a multitude of pathways. Besides the transactivation of downstream genes encoding proapoptotic proteins, p53 is also able to physically interact with mitochondria and induce apoptosis through a so called transcriptional-independent pathway. In this study, we described a quick method for the expression and purification of soluble recombinant p53 and its different truncations in E. coli. These proteins are able to interact with mitochondria and induce mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and associated downstream apoptotic events in a cell-free apoptosis analysis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyao Wang
- a School of Life Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhao
- a School of Life Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , P.R. China
| | - Song Wang
- a School of Life Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , P.R. China
| | - Jingji Jin
- a School of Life Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , P.R. China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , P.R. China.,c Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , P.R. China
| | - Yong Cai
- a School of Life Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , P.R. China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , P.R. China.,c Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- a School of Life Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , P.R. China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , P.R. China.,c Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , P.R. China
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23
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Tumor targeted genome editing mediated by a multi-functional gene vector for regulating cell behaviors. J Control Release 2018; 291:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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24
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Caracciolo D, Montesano M, Altomare E, Scionti F, Di Martino MT, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. The potential role of miRNAs in multiple myeloma therapy. Expert Rev Hematol 2018; 11:793-803. [DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2018.1517041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caracciolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Martina Montesano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emanuela Altomare
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Scionti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
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25
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Brandão P, Loureiro JB, Carvalho S, Hamadou MH, Cravo S, Moreira J, Pereira D, Palmeira A, Pinto M, Saraiva L, Cidade H. Targeting the MDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction with prenylchalcones: Synthesis of a small library and evaluation of potential antitumor activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:711-721. [PMID: 30041135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prenylation of several bioactive scaffolds is a very interesting strategy used in Medicinal Chemistry in order to improve biological/pharmacological effects. A small library of prenylchalcones was synthesized and evaluated for the ability to inhibit the MDM2-p53 interaction using a yeast-based assay. The capacity of all synthesized prenylchalcones and their non-prenylated precursors to inhibit the growth of human colon tumor HCT116 cells was also evaluated. The obtained results led to the identification of a hit compound, prenylchalcone 2e, which behaved as potential inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 interaction in yeast, and showed improved cytotoxicity against human tumor cells expressing wild-type p53, including liver hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7, and malignant melanoma A375 cells. In colon cancer cells, it was also shown that the growth inhibitory effect of prenylchalcone 2e was associated with the induction of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and increased protein expression levels of p53 transcriptional targets. Moreover, computational docking studies were performed in order to predict docking poses and residues involved in the MDM2-p53 potential interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Brandão
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana B Loureiro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sylvie Carvalho
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Hadjer Hamadou
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Cravo
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/nm, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Joana Moreira
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Pereira
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/nm, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/nm, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Lucília Saraiva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Honorina Cidade
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/nm, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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26
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Tesson M, Vasan R, Hock A, Nixon C, Rae C, Gaze M, Mairs R. An evaluation in vitro of the efficacy of nutlin-3 and topotecan in combination with 177Lu-DOTATATE for the treatment of neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29082-29096. [PMID: 30018737 PMCID: PMC6044389 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted radiotherapy of metastatic neuroblastoma using the somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-targeted octreotide analogue DOTATATE radiolabelled with lutetium-177 (177Lu-DOTATATE) is a promising strategy. This study evaluates whether its effectiveness may be enhanced by combination with radiosensitising drugs. The growth rate of multicellular tumour spheroids, derived from the neuroblastoma cell lines SK-N-BE(2c), CHLA-15 and CHLA-20, was evaluated following treatment with 177Lu-DOTATATE, nutlin-3 and topotecan alone or in combination. Immunoblotting, immunostaining and flow cytometric analyses were used to determine activation of p53 signalling and cell death. Exposure to 177Lu-DOTATATE resulted in a significant growth delay in CHLA-15 and CHLA-20 spheroids, but not in SK-N-BE(2c) spheroids. Nutlin-3 enhanced the spheroid growth delay induced by topotecan in CHLA-15 and CHLA-20 spheroids, but not in SK-N-BE(2c) spheroids. Importantly, the combination of nutlin-3 with topotecan enhanced the spheroid growth delay induced by X-irradiation or by exposure to 177Lu-DOTATATE. The efficacy of the combination treatments was p53-dependent. These results indicate that targeted radiotherapy of high risk neuroblastoma with 177Lu-DOTATATE may be improved by combination with the radiosensitising drugs nutlin-3 and topotecan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Tesson
- Radiation Oncology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richa Vasan
- Radiation Oncology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andreas Hock
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Rae
- Radiation Oncology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark Gaze
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Robert Mairs
- Radiation Oncology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
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27
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Merlino F, Daniele S, La Pietra V, Di Maro S, Di Leva FS, Brancaccio D, Tomassi S, Giuntini S, Cerofolini L, Fragai M, Luchinat C, Reichart F, Cavallini C, Costa B, Piccarducci R, Taliani S, Da Settimo F, Martini C, Kessler H, Novellino E, Marinelli L. Simultaneous Targeting of RGD-Integrins and Dual Murine Double Minute Proteins in Glioblastoma Multiforme. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4791-4809. [PMID: 29775303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the fight against Glioblastoma Multiforme, recent literature data have highlighted that integrin α5β1 and p53 are part of convergent pathways in the control of glioma apoptosis. This observation prompted us to seek a molecule able to simultaneously modulate both target families. Analyzing the results of a previous virtual screening against murine double minute 2 protein (MDM2), we envisaged that Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-mimetic molecules could be inhibitors of MDM2/4. Herein, we present the discovery of compound 7, which inhibits both MDM2/4 and α5β1/αvβ3 integrins. A lead optimization campaign was carried out on 7 with the aim to preserve the activities on integrins while improving those on MDM proteins. Compound 9 turned out to be a potent MDM2/4 and α5β1/αvβ3 blocker. In p53-wild type glioma cells, 9 arrested cell cycle and proliferation and strongly reduced cell invasiveness, emerging as the first molecule of a novel class of integrin/MDM inhibitors, which might be especially useful in subpopulations of patients with glioblastoma expressing a functional p53 concomitantly with a high level of α5β1 integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Merlino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , 80131 Napoli , Italy
| | - Simona Daniele
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , via Bonanno 6 , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Valeria La Pietra
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , 80131 Napoli , Italy
| | - Salvatore Di Maro
- DiSTABiF , Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , via Vivaldi 43 , 81100 Caserta , Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Di Leva
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , 80131 Napoli , Italy
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , 80131 Napoli , Italy
| | - Stefano Tomassi
- DiSTABiF , Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , via Vivaldi 43 , 81100 Caserta , Italy
| | - Stefano Giuntini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) University of Florence , via L. Sacconi 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino ( FI ), Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" , University of Florence , via della Lastruccia 3-13 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino ( FI ), Italy
| | - Linda Cerofolini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) University of Florence , via L. Sacconi 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino ( FI ), Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" , University of Florence , via della Lastruccia 3-13 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino ( FI ), Italy
| | - Marco Fragai
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) University of Florence , via L. Sacconi 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino ( FI ), Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" , University of Florence , via della Lastruccia 3-13 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino ( FI ), Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) University of Florence , via L. Sacconi 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino ( FI ), Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" , University of Florence , via della Lastruccia 3-13 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino ( FI ), Italy
| | - Florian Reichart
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , 85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Chiara Cavallini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , via Bonanno 6 , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Barbara Costa
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , via Bonanno 6 , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Rebecca Piccarducci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , via Bonanno 6 , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , via Bonanno 6 , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , via Bonanno 6 , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , via Bonanno 6 , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , 85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , 80131 Napoli , Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , 80131 Napoli , Italy
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28
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Yi H, Yan X, Luo Q, Yuan L, Li B, Pan W, Zhang L, Chen H, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhai Y, Qiu MZ, Yang DJ. A novel small molecule inhibitor of MDM2-p53 (APG-115) enhances radiosensitivity of gastric adenocarcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:97. [PMID: 29716622 PMCID: PMC5930807 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. Radiation alone or combined with chemotherapy plays important role in locally advanced and metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. MDM2-p53 interaction and downstream signaling affect cellular response to DNA damage which leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Therefore, restoring p53 function by inhibiting its interaction with MDM2 is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer. APG-115 is a novel small molecule inhibitor which blocks the interaction of MDM2 and p53. In this study, we investigated that the radiosensitivity of APG-115 in gastric adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The role of APG-115 in six gastric cancer cells viability in vitro was determined by CCK-8 assay. The expression level of MDM2, p21, PUMA and BAX in AGS and MKN45 cell lines was measured via real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The function of treatment groups on cell cycle and cell apoptosis were detected through Flow Cytometry assay. Clonogenic assays were used to measure the radiosensitivity of APG-115 in p53 wild type gastric cancer cell lines. Western blot was conducted to detect the protein expressions of mdm2-p53 signal pathway. Xenograft models in nude mice were established to explore the radiosensitivity role of APG-115 in gastric cancer cells in vivo. RESULTS We found that radiosensitization by APG-115 occurred in p53 wild-type gastric cancer cells. Increasing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest was observed after administration of APG-115 and radiation. Radiosensitivity of APG-115 was mainly dependent on MDM2-p53 signal pathway. In vivo, APG-115 combined with radiation decreased xenograft tumor growth much more significantly than either single treatment. Moreover, the number of proliferating cells (Ki-67) significantly decreased in combination group compared with single treatment group. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we found that combination of MDM2-p53 inhibitor (APG-115) and radiotherapy can enhance antitumor effect both in vitro and in vivo. This is the first report on radiosensitivity of APG-115 which shed light on clinical trial of the combination therapy of radiation with APG-115 in gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjie Yi
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- YinZhou hospital affiliated to medical school of NingBo University, NingBo, 315000, ZheJiang Province, China
| | - Xianglei Yan
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qiuyun Luo
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Luping Yuan
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Baoxia Li
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wentao Pan
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Peking University shenzhen hospital, Shenzhen, 518063, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- Ascentage Pharma, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifan Zhai
- Suzhou Ascentage Pharma Inc., Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Miao-Zhen Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Da-Jun Yang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- Suzhou Ascentage Pharma Inc., Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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29
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Zhou Y, Perez RE, Duan L, Maki CG. DZNep represses Bcl-2 expression and modulates apoptosis sensitivity in response to Nutlin-3a. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:465-474. [PMID: 29394130 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1433500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MDM2 antagonists stabilize and activate wild-type p53, and histone methyltransferase (HMT) inhibitors reduce methylation on histone lysines and arginines. Both MDM2 antagonists and HMT inhibitors are being developed as cancer therapeutics. Wild-type p53 expressing HCT116 colon cancer cells were resistant to apoptosis in response to the MDM2 antagonist Nutlin-3a. However, co-treatment with the HMT inhibitor DZNep sensitized the cells to Nutlin-3a-induced apoptosis. This sensitization resulted from reduced activity of the Bcl-2 gene promoter and a reduction in Bcl-2 mRNA and protein. Surprisingly, DZNep reduced Bcl-2 expression in other colon cancer cell lines (RKO, SW48, and LoVo) but failed to sensitize them to Nutlin-3a. We found these cell lines express elevated levels of Bcl-2 or other Bcl-2-family proteins, including Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, and Bcl-w. Knockdown of Mcl-1 and/or treatment with specific or pan Bcl-2-family inhibitors (BH3 mimetics) sensitized RKO, SW48, and LoVo cells to apoptosis by Nutlin-3a. The results demonstrate 1) DZNep represses the Bcl-2 gene promoter and affects apoptosis sensitivity by reducing Bcl-2 protein expression, and 2) elevated expression of pro-survival Bcl-2 family members protects colon cancer cells from Nutlin-3a-induced apoptosis. Targeting Bcl-2 proteins via DZNep or BH3 mimetics could increase the therapeutic potential of MDM2-antagonists like Nutlin-3a in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Zhou
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , IL
| | - Ricardo E Perez
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , IL
| | - Lei Duan
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , IL
| | - Carl G Maki
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , IL
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30
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Cheng HW, Chein RJ, Cheng TJ, Wu PS, Wu HY, Hung PF, Wang CJ, Hsu YL, Wong JM, Yuan A, Wong CH, Yang PC, Pan SH. 2-anilino-4-amino-5-aroylthiazole-type compound AS7128 inhibits lung cancer growth through decreased iASPP and p53 interaction. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:832-842. [PMID: 29285847 PMCID: PMC5834782 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Thus, developing novel therapeutic agents has become critical for lung cancer treatment. In this study, compound AS7128 was selected from a 2-million entry chemical library screening and identified as a candidate drug against non-small cell lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation indicated that AS7128 could induce cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, especially in the mitosis stage. In addition, we also found that iASPP, an oncogenic protein that functionally inhibits p53, might be associated with AS7128 through mass identification. Further exploration indicated that AS7128 treatment could restore the transactivation ability of p53 and, thus, increase the expressions of its downstream target genes, which are related to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This occurs through disruption of the interactions between p53 and iASPP in cells. Taken together, AS7128 could bind to iASPP, disrupt the interaction between iASPP and p53, and result in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. These findings may provide new insight for using iASPP as a therapeutic target for non-small cell lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ting-Jen Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Wu
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Hung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jen Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Min Wong
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ang Yuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hua Pan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program of Translational Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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31
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Perdrix A, Najem A, Saussez S, Awada A, Journe F, Ghanem G, Krayem M. PRIMA-1 and PRIMA-1 Met (APR-246): From Mutant/Wild Type p53 Reactivation to Unexpected Mechanisms Underlying Their Potent Anti-Tumor Effect in Combinatorial Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9120172. [PMID: 29258181 PMCID: PMC5742820 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9120172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 protects cells from genetic assaults by triggering cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Inactivation of p53 pathway is found in the vast majority of human cancers often due to somatic missense mutations in TP53 or to an excessive degradation of the protein. Accordingly, reactivation of p53 appears as a quite promising pharmacological approach and, effectively, several attempts have been made in that sense. The most widely investigated compounds for this purpose are PRIMA-1 (p53 reactivation and induction of massive apoptosis )and PRIMA-1Met (APR-246), that are at an advanced stage of development, with several clinical trials in progress. Based on publications referenced in PubMed since 2002, here we review the reported effects of these compounds on cancer cells, with a specific focus on their ability of p53 reactivation, an overview of their unexpected anti-cancer effects, and a presentation of the investigated drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Perdrix
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Biopathology, Henri Becquerel Centre, 76038 Rouen, France.
- Equipe de Recherche en Oncologie (IRON), Inserm U1245, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Ahmad Najem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sven Saussez
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Ahmad Awada
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Fabrice Journe
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Ghanem Ghanem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mohammad Krayem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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32
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Ulasov AV, Rosenkranz AA, Sobolev AS. Transcription factors: Time to deliver. J Control Release 2017; 269:24-35. [PMID: 29113792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are at the center of the broad regulatory network orchestrating gene expression programs that elicit different biological responses. For a long time, TFs have been considered as potent drug targets due to their implications in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. At the same time, TFs, located at convergence points of cellular regulatory pathways, are powerful tools providing opportunities both for cell type change and for managing the state of cells. This task formulation requires the TF modulation problem to come to the fore. We review several ways to manage TF activity (small molecules, transfection, nanocarriers, protein-based approaches), analyzing their limitations and the possibilities to overcome them. Delivery of TFs could revolutionize the biomedical field. Whether this forecast comes true will depend on the ability to develop convenient technologies for targeted delivery of TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Ulasov
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Rosenkranz
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskiye Gory St., 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Sobolev
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskiye Gory St., 119234 Moscow, Russia.
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33
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Giustiniano M, Daniele S, Pelliccia S, La Pietra V, Pietrobono D, Brancaccio D, Cosconati S, Messere A, Giuntini S, Cerofolini L, Fragai M, Luchinat C, Taliani S, La Regina G, Da Settimo F, Silvestri R, Martini C, Novellino E, Marinelli L. Computer-Aided Identification and Lead Optimization of Dual Murine Double Minute 2 and 4 Binders: Structure-Activity Relationship Studies and Pharmacological Activity. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8115-8130. [PMID: 28921985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The function of p53 protein, also known as "genome guardian", might be impaired by the overexpression of its primary cellular inhibitor, the murine double minute 2 protein (MDM2). However, the recent finding that MDM2-selective inhibitors induce high levels of its homologue MDM4, prompt us to identify, through a receptor-based virtual screening on an in house database, dual MDM2/MDM4 binders. Compound 1 turned out to possess an IC50 of 93.7 and of 4.6 nM on MDM2 and MDM4, respectively. A series of compounds were synthesized to optimize its activity on MDM2. As a result, compound 12 showed low nanomolar IC50 for both targets. NMR studies confirmed the pocket of binding of 12 as predicted by the Glide docking software. Notably, 12 was able to cause concentration-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation, yielding an IC50 value of 356 ± 21 nM in neuroblastoma SHSY5Y cells and proved even to efficiently block cancer stem cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Daniele
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sveva Pelliccia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria La Pietra
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Diego Brancaccio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Anna Messere
- DiSTABiF, Second University of Naples , 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Stefano Giuntini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence , Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff″, University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Linda Cerofolini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence , Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Marco Fragai
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence , Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff″, University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence , Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff″, University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università La Sapienza , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Romano Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università La Sapienza , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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34
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Anderson SE, Barton CE. The cardiac glycoside convallatoxin inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer cells in a p53-independent manner. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2017; 13:42-45. [PMID: 28819586 PMCID: PMC5548364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides are plant-derived molecules that have shown antiproliferative properties against cancer cells, though the mechanism of action is not completely understood. We show that one cardiac glycoside, convallatoxin, presents antiproliferative effects against colorectal cancer cells in culture and that the resulting cell death is independent of the p53 tumor suppressor. Our data suggest that convallatoxin may be useful in the treatment of cancers that harbor inactivating mutations in the p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Anderson
- Department of Biology, Belmont University, 1900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37211, USA
| | - Christopher E Barton
- Department of Biology, Belmont University, 1900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37211, USA
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35
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Davoodi P, Srinivasan MP, Wang CH. Effective co-delivery of nutlin-3a and p53 genes via core-shell microparticles for disruption of MDM2-p53 interaction and reactivation of p53 in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:5816-5834. [PMID: 32264215 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00481h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is the most frequently inactivated, mutated, or deleted transcriptional factor in tumor cells. Recent studies have shown that the negative regulation of p53 by the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) protein in human cells interrupts the p53 apoptotic pathway and causes tumorigenesis. Therefore, the disruption of the MDM2-p53 complex by small molecules such as nutlin-3a and the administration of the active p53 protein can effectively restore the apoptotic activity of the p53 protein in tumor cells. This study aims to introduce a unique combined p53-based gene and chemotherapy approach using core-shell polymeric microparticles for the localized treatment of cancers. Core-shell microparticles were successfully fabricated in a single step using a modified electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) technique, where the core and shell layers were loaded with nutlin-3a and β-cyclodextrin-g-chitosan/p53 nanoparticles, respectively. The grafting of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) onto chitosan chains demonstrated remarkable cellular uptake (∼5-fold) compared to pure chitosan at N/P = 6, attributed to a strong interaction and temporary disruption of the lipid bilayer in the cell membrane by the synthesized copolymer. The therapeutic efficiencies of single- and dual-agent loaded microparticle formulations were also evaluated and compared against free-drug treatment in terms of cell viability and intracellular expression of p53, caspase 3, and MDM2 proteins via an MTS assay, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and an immunostaining assay. The results revealed that the controlled and sustained release of both agents from the microparticles synergistically enhanced the anti-proliferative efficacy of the agents via the continuous overexpression of p53 and caspase 3 proteins over 5 days. However, MDM2 protein expression remained at the basal level over that period. The findings also indicated that nutlin-3a could impose excessive oxidative stress on cancer cells, where the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with irreversible destructive effects on subcellular organelles such as the nucleus (DNA) and mitochondria could be considered as a secondary apoptotic pathway induced by nutlin-3a. Inspired by the observations, the proposed drug delivery system can serve as a unique and powerful drug and gene delivery system with a far-reaching application in human cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Davoodi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
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36
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Elkady AI, Abu-Zinadah OA, Hussein RAEH. Crude Flavonoid Extract of Medicinal Herb Zingibar officinale Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Oncol Res 2017; 25:897-912. [PMID: 28245170 PMCID: PMC7841261 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14816352324532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to improve the clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common causes of global cancer-related deaths. Zingibar officinale is a medicinal herb used throughout history for both culinary and medicinal purposes. It has antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and free radical scavenging properties. Previously, we proved that the crude flavonoid extract of Z. officinale (CFEZO) inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. However, the effect of the CFEZO on an HCC cell line has not yet been evaluated. In this study, we explored the anticancer activity of CFEZO against an HCC cell line, HepG2. CFEZO significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Typical apoptotic morphological and biochemical changes, including cell shrinkage and detachment, nuclear condensation and fragmentation, DNA degradation, and comet tail formation, were observed after treatments with CFEZO. The apoptogenic activity of CFEZO involved induction of ROS, depletion of GSH, disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase 3/9, and an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. CFEZO treatments induced upregulation of p53 and p21 expression and downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase-4 expression, which were accompanied by G2/M phase arrest. These findings suggest that CFEZO provides a useful foundation for studying and developing novel chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman I. Elkady
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- †Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Osama A. Abu-Zinadah
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Abd El Hamid Hussein
- ‡Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- §Gamal Abd El Nasser Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt
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37
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Molecularly targeted therapies in cancer: a guide for the nuclear medicine physician. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 44:41-54. [PMID: 28396911 PMCID: PMC5541087 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging continues to influence every aspect of cancer care including detection, diagnosis, staging and therapy response assessment. Recent advances in the understanding of cancer biology have prompted the introduction of new targeted therapy approaches. Precision medicine in oncology has led to rapid advances and novel approaches optimizing the use of imaging modalities in cancer care, research and development. This article focuses on the concept of targeted therapy in cancer and the challenges that exist for molecular imaging in cancer care.
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38
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Abstract
The excitement around the entry into the clinic of the first generation of p53-specific drugs has become muted as the hoped-for dramatic clinical responses have not yet been seen. However, these pioneer molecules have become exceptionally powerful tools in the analysis of the p53 pathway and, as a result, a whole spectrum of new interventions are being explored. These include entirely novel and innovative approaches to drug discovery, such as the use of exon-skipping antisense oligonucleotides and T-cell-receptor-based molecules. The extraordinary resources available to the p53 community in terms of reagents, models, and collaborative networks are generating breakthrough approaches to medicines for oncology and also for other diseases in which aberrant p53 signaling plays a role.
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39
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Miranda PJ, Buckley D, Raghu D, Pang JMB, Takano EA, Vijayakumaran R, Teunisse AF, Posner A, Procter T, Herold MJ, Gamell C, Marine JC, Fox SB, Jochemsen A, Haupt S, Haupt Y. MDM4 is a rational target for treating breast cancers with mutant p53. J Pathol 2017; 241:661-670. [PMID: 28097652 DOI: 10.1002/path.4877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of the key tumour suppressor p53 defines a transition in the progression towards aggressive and metastatic breast cancer (BC) with the poorest outcome. Specifically, the p53 mutation frequency exceeds 50% in triple-negative BC. Key regulators of mutant p53 that facilitate its oncogenic functions are potential therapeutic targets. We report here that the MDM4 protein is frequently abundant in the context of mutant p53 in basal-like BC samples. Importantly, we show that MDM4 plays a critical role in the proliferation of these BC cells. We demonstrate that conditional knockdown (KD) of MDM4 provokes growth inhibition across a range of BC subtypes with mutant p53, including luminal, Her2+ and triple-negative BCs. In vivo, MDM4 was shown to be crucial for the establishment and progression of tumours. This growth inhibition was mediated, at least in part, by the cell cycle inhibitor p27. Depletion of p27 together with MDM4 KD led to recovery of the proliferative capacity of cells that were growth-inhibited by MDM4 KD alone. Consistently, we identified low levels of p27 expression in basal-like tumours corresponding to high levels of MDM4 and p53. This predicts a signature for a subset of tumours that may be amenable to therapies targeted towards MDM4 and mutant p53. The therapeutic potential of MDM4 as a target in BC with mutant p53 was shown in vitro by use of a small-molecule inhibitor. Overall, our study supports MDM4 as a novel therapeutic target for BC expressing mutant p53. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panimaya Jeffreena Miranda
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Buckley
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dinesh Raghu
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jia-Min B Pang
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena A Takano
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Reshma Vijayakumaran
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amina Fas Teunisse
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Atara Posner
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tahlia Procter
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cristina Gamell
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aart Jochemsen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sue Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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40
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Xie B, Nagalingam A, Kuppusamy P, Muniraj N, Langford P, Győrffy B, Saxena NK, Sharma D. Benzyl Isothiocyanate potentiates p53 signaling and antitumor effects against breast cancer through activation of p53-LKB1 and p73-LKB1 axes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40070. [PMID: 28071670 PMCID: PMC5223184 DOI: 10.1038/srep40070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional reactivation of p53 pathway, although arduous, can potentially provide a broad-based strategy for cancer therapy owing to frequent p53 inactivation in human cancer. Using a phosphoprotein-screening array, we found that Benzyl Isothiocynate, (BITC) increases p53 phosphorylation in breast cancer cells and reveal an important role of ERK and PRAS40/MDM2 in BITC-mediated p53 activation. We show that BITC rescues and activates p53-signaling network and inhibits growth of p53-mutant cells. Mechanistically, BITC induces p73 expression in p53-mutant cells, disrupts the interaction of p73 and mutant-p53, thereby releasing p73 from sequestration and allowing it to be transcriptionally active. Furthermore, BITC-induced p53 and p73 axes converge on tumor-suppressor LKB1 which is transcriptionally upregulated by p53 and p73 in p53-wild-type and p53-mutant cells respectively; and in a feed-forward mechanism, LKB1 tethers with p53 and p73 to get recruited to p53-responsive promoters. Analyses of BITC-treated xenografts using LKB1-null cells corroborate in vitro mechanistic findings and establish LKB1 as the key node whereby BITC potentiates as well as rescues p53-pathway in p53-wild-type as well as p53-mutant cells. These data provide first in vitro and in vivo evidence of the integral role of previously unrecognized crosstalk between BITC, p53/LKB1 and p73/LKB1 axes in breast tumor growth-inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Xie
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore MD 21231, USA
| | - Arumugam Nagalingam
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore MD 21231, USA
| | - Panjamurthy Kuppusamy
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
| | - Nethaji Muniraj
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore MD 21231, USA
| | - Peter Langford
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore MD 21231, USA
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group, H-1117 Budapest, Semmelweis University, 2nd Dept. of Pediatrics, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Neeraj K Saxena
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore MD 21231, USA
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41
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Carrà G, Crivellaro S, Taulli R, Guerrasio A, Saglio G, Morotti A. Mechanisms of p53 Functional De-Regulation: Role of the IκB-α/p53 Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17121997. [PMID: 27916821 PMCID: PMC5187797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is one of the most frequently-mutated and deleted tumor suppressors in cancer, with a dramatic correlation with dismal prognoses. In addition to genetic inactivation, the p53 protein can be functionally inactivated in cancer, through post-transductional modifications, changes in cellular compartmentalization, and interactions with other proteins. Here, we review the mechanisms of p53 functional inactivation, with a particular emphasis on the interaction between p53 and IκB-α, the NFKBIA gene product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Carrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Turin, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Crivellaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Turin, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Taulli
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Turin, Italy.
| | - Angelo Guerrasio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Turin, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Turin, Italy.
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42
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Huang J, Zhu X, Wang H, Han S, Liu L, Xie Y, Chen D, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Hu Y. Role of gambogic acid and NaI 131 in A549/DDP cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:37-44. [PMID: 28123519 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to platinum in tumor tissue is a considerable barrier against effective lung cancer treatment. Radionuclide therapy is the primary adjuvant treatment, however, the toxic side effects limit its dosage in the clinical setting. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine whether an NaI131 radiosensitizer could help reduce the toxic side effects of radionuclide therapy. In vitro experiments were conducted to determine whether NaI131 can inhibit platinum resistance in A549/DDP cells, which are cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells, and whether gambogic acid (GA) is an effective NaI131 radiosensitizer. Cell proliferation following drug intervention was analyzed using MTT and isobolographic analysis. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. In addition, the mechanisms of drug intervention were analyzed by measuring the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gP), B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax) and P53 using western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. According to isobolographic analysis, a low concentration of NaI131 combined with GA had a synergistic effect on the inhibition of A549/DDP cell proliferation, which was consistent with an increased rate of apoptosis. Furthermore, the overexpression of Bax, and the downregulation of P-gP, P53 and Bcl-2 observed demonstrated the potential mechanism(s) of NaI131 and GA intervention. NaI131 may induce apoptosis in A549/DDP cells by regulating apoptosis-related proteins. A low concentration combination of NaI131 and GA was able to significantly inhibit A549/DDP cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. Thus, the two drugs appear to have a synergistic effect on apoptosis of A549/DDP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Pneumology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Pneumology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Shuhua Han
- Department of Pneumology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pneumology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pneumology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Pneumology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Wu Y, Li Y, Zhao X, Dong D, Tang C, Li E, Geng Q. Combined detection of the expression of Nm23-H1 and p53 is correlated with survival rates of patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:129-136. [PMID: 28123532 PMCID: PMC5244864 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular tumor markers hold considerable promise for accurately predicting the recurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients. However, in the majority of cases, single marker analysis has been found to have low accuracy, and is of little practical use in clinical practice. The present study investigated the prognostic value of the combined detection of the protein expression of metastasis suppressor 23-H1 (Nm23-H1) and p53 using immunohistochemical analysis, and the mRNA expression levels were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 110 cases of stage II and III CRC. The results revealed that the expression levels of Nm23-H1 in CRC tissues were lower, compared with those in normal tissues (χ2=18.249; P<0.001), and the protein expression levels of p53 were higher in the CRC tissues (χ2=23.940; P<0.001); although the mRNA expression levels of Nm23-H1 and p53 presented with the same trend. The protein expression of Nm23-H1 was correlated with lymph node metastases (χ2=11.847; P=0.001) and pathological patterns (χ2=6.911; P=0.032). However, it did not correlate with patient gender or age, or with tumor World Health Organization classification or invasive depth (P>0.05). No significant correlation was observed between the expression of p53 and clinicopathological features (P>0.05). Patients with CRC with Nm23-H1(+)/p53(−) tumors had increased survival rates, with a five-year overall survival rate of 83.8% and a five-year disease-free survival rate of 70.2%. The five-year overall survival rates in other study cohorts were lower, compared with the Nm23-H1(+)/p53(−) group (P<0.0125), and this was the same for the five-year disease-free survival rate (P<0.0125). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the combined detection of the protein expression of Nm23-H1 and p53 was associated with the long term survival rates of patients with stage II and III CRC; and this may offer potential for use as a predictor of survival rates in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinying Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoai Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Danfeng Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shaanxi Provincial People Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Enxiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Geng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Costa DCF, de Oliveira GAP, Cino EA, Soares IN, Rangel LP, Silva JL. Aggregation and Prion-Like Properties of Misfolded Tumor Suppressors: Is Cancer a Prion Disease? Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2016; 8:cshperspect.a023614. [PMID: 27549118 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a023614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases are disorders that share several characteristics that are typical of many neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, several studies have extended the prion concept to pathological aggregation in malignant tumors involving misfolded p53, a tumor-suppressor protein. The aggregation of p53 and its coaggregation with p53 family members, p63 and p73, have been shown. Certain p53 mutants exert a dominant-negative regulatory effect on wild-type (WT) p53. The basis for this dominant-negative effect is that amyloid-like mutant p53 converts WT p53 into an aggregated species, leading to a gain-of-function (GoF) phenotype and the loss of its tumor-suppressor function. Recently, it was shown that p53 aggregates can be internalized by cells and can coaggregate with endogenous p53, corroborating the prion-like properties of p53 aggregates. The prion-like behavior of oncogenic p53 mutants provides an explanation for its dominant-negative and GoF properties, including the high metastatic potential of cancer cells carrying p53 mutations. The inhibition of p53 aggregation appears to represent a promising target for therapeutic intervention in patients with malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielly C F Costa
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A P de Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Elio A Cino
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Iaci N Soares
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Luciana P Rangel
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Jerson L Silva
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
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Avtanski DB, Nagalingam A, Tomaszewski JE, Risbood P, Difillippantonio MJ, Saxena NK, Malhotra SV, Sharma D. Indolo-pyrido-isoquinolin based alkaloid inhibits growth, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells via activation of p53-miR34a axis. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:1118-32. [PMID: 27259808 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 plays a critical role in suppressing cancer growth and progression and is an attractive target for the development of new targeted therapies. We synthesized several indolo-pyrido-isoquinolin based alkaloids to activate p53 function and examined their therapeutic efficacy using NCI-60 screening. Here, we provide molecular evidence that one of these compounds, 11-methoxy-2,3,4,13-tetrahydro-1H-indolo[2',3':3,4]pyrido[1,2-b]isoquinolin-6-ylium-bromide (termed P18 or NSC-768219) inhibits growth and clonogenic potential of cancer cells. P18 treatment results in downregulation of mesenchymal markers and concurrent upregulation of epithelial markers as well as inhibition of migration and invasion. Experimental epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) induced by exposure to TGFβ/TNFα is also completely reversed by P18. Importantly, P18 also inhibits mammosphere-formation along with a reduction in the expression of stemness factors, Oct4, Nanog and Sox2. We show that P18 induces expression, phosphorylation and accumulation of p53 in cancer cells. P18-mediated induction of p53 leads to increased nuclear localization and elevated expression of p53 target genes. Using isogenic cancer cells differing only in p53 status, we show that p53 plays an important role in P18-mediated alteration of mesenchymal and epithelial genes, inhibition of migration and invasion of cancer cells. Furthermore, P18 increases miR-34a expression in p53-dependent manner and miR-34a is integral for P18-mediated inhibition of growth, invasion and mammosphere-formation. miR-34a mimics potentiate P18 efficacy while miR-34a antagomirs antagonize P18. Collectively, these data provide evidence that P18 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the inhibition of growth and progression of breast cancer and p53-miR-34a axis is important for P18 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimiter B Avtanski
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Arumugam Nagalingam
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Joseph E Tomaszewski
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Prabhakar Risbood
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Michael J Difillippantonio
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Neeraj K Saxena
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 2120, USA.
| | - Sanjay V Malhotra
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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46
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Chemical Variations on the p53 Reactivation Theme. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9020025. [PMID: 27187415 PMCID: PMC4932543 DOI: 10.3390/ph9020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the tumor suppressor genes, p53 is one of the most studied. It is widely regarded as the "guardian of the genome", playing a major role in carcinogenesis. In fact, direct inactivation of the TP53 gene occurs in more than 50% of malignancies, and in tumors that retain wild-type p53 status, its function is usually inactivated by overexpression of negative regulators (e.g., MDM2 and MDMX). Hence, restoring p53 function in cancer cells represents a valuable anticancer approach. In this review, we will present an updated overview of the most relevant small molecules developed to restore p53 function in cancer cells through inhibition of the p53-MDMs interaction, or direct targeting of wild-type p53 or mutated p53. In addition, optimization approaches used for the development of small molecules that have entered clinical trials will be presented.
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Abstract
Tumor suppressor gene (TSG) replacement therapy that involves various delivery systems is emerging as a promising antitumor strategy because malignant tumors develop through genetic alterations in TSGs. The most potent therapeutic TSG for tumor suppression is the multifunctional transcription factor p53 gene that regulates diverse cellular phenomena such as cell cycle arrest, senescence, apoptosis, and autophagy. Since the p53 gene is frequently inactivated by aberrant genetic regulation in human cancers, p53 replacement therapy is widely and frequently used as a potent antitumor strategy to restore wild-type p53 function in the p53-inactivated tumors. This chapter focuses on four types of p53 transfer systems: cationic liposome-DNA plasmid complexes, a replication-deficient adenovirus vector, a replication-competent adenovirus vector, and a protein transduction system. Moreover, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of the p53-mediated cell death signaling pathway and therapeutic methods for enhancing tumor cell death and induction of bystander effects within tumor tissues in p53 replacement therapy. Exploration of the molecular mechanism underlying the p53-mediated tumor-suppressive network system and development of an effective strategy for enhancing p53-mediated cell death signaling pathways would lead to an improvement in the clinical outcome of patients with p53-inactivated cancers.
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48
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Blandin AF, Renner G, Lehmann M, Lelong-Rebel I, Martin S, Dontenwill M. β1 Integrins as Therapeutic Targets to Disrupt Hallmarks of Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:279. [PMID: 26635609 PMCID: PMC4656837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins belong to a large family of αβ heterodimeric transmembrane proteins first recognized as adhesion molecules that bind to dedicated elements of the extracellular matrix and also to other surrounding cells. As important sensors of the cell microenvironment, they regulate numerous signaling pathways in response to structural variations of the extracellular matrix. Biochemical and biomechanical cues provided by this matrix and transmitted to cells via integrins are critically modified in tumoral settings. Integrins repertoire are subjected to expression level modifications, in tumor cells, and in surrounding cancer-associated cells, implicated in tumor initiation and progression as well. As critical players in numerous cancer hallmarks, defined by Hanahan and Weinberg (2011), integrins represent pertinent therapeutic targets. We will briefly summarize here our current knowledge about integrin implications in those different hallmarks focusing primarily on β1 integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Florence Blandin
- Department "Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets," Faculty of Pharmacy, UMR7213 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Strasbourg Illkirch, France
| | - Guillaume Renner
- Department "Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets," Faculty of Pharmacy, UMR7213 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Strasbourg Illkirch, France
| | - Maxime Lehmann
- Department "Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets," Faculty of Pharmacy, UMR7213 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Strasbourg Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle Lelong-Rebel
- Department "Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets," Faculty of Pharmacy, UMR7213 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Strasbourg Illkirch, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- Department "Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets," Faculty of Pharmacy, UMR7213 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Strasbourg Illkirch, France
| | - Monique Dontenwill
- Department "Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets," Faculty of Pharmacy, UMR7213 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Strasbourg Illkirch, France
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Pellegrino M, Mancini F, Lucà R, Coletti A, Giacchè N, Manni I, Arisi I, Florenzano F, Teveroni E, Buttarelli M, Fici L, Brandi R, Bruno T, Fanciulli M, D'Onofrio M, Piaggio G, Pellicciari R, Pontecorvi A, Marine JC, Macchiarulo A, Moretti F. Targeting the MDM2/MDM4 interaction interface as a promising approach for p53 reactivation therapy. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4560-72. [PMID: 26359458 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Restoration of wild-type p53 tumor suppressor function has emerged as an attractive anticancer strategy. Therapeutics targeting the two p53-negative regulators, MDM2 and MDM4, have been developed, but most agents selectively target the ability of only one of these molecules to interact with p53, leaving the other free to operate. Therefore, we developed a method that targets the activity of MDM2 and MDM4 simultaneously based on recent studies indicating that formation of MDM2/MDM4 heterodimer complexes are required for efficient inactivation of p53 function. Using computational and mutagenesis analyses of the heterodimer binding interface, we identified a peptide that mimics the MDM4 C-terminus, competes with endogenous MDM4 for MDM2 binding, and activates p53 function. This peptide induces p53-dependent apoptosis in vitro and reduces tumor growth in vivo. Interestingly, interfering with the MDM2/MDM4 heterodimer specifically activates a p53-dependent oxidative stress response. Consistently, distinct subcellular pools of MDM2/MDM4 complexes were differentially sensitive to the peptide; nuclear MDM2/MDM4 complexes were particularly highly susceptible to the peptide-displacement activity. Taken together, these data identify the MDM2/MDM4 interaction interface as a valuable molecular target for therapeutic reactivation of p53 oncosuppressive function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Mancini
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Roma, Italy. Institute of Medical Pathology, Catholic University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Rossella Lucà
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Roma, Italy
| | - Alice Coletti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola Giacchè
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Ivan Arisi
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi-Montalcini, Roma, Italy
| | - Fulvio Florenzano
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi-Montalcini, Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Teveroni
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Roma, Italy. Institute of Medical Pathology, Catholic University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Laura Fici
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Roma, Italy
| | - Rossella Brandi
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi-Montalcini, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - Mara D'Onofrio
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi-Montalcini, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Pellicciari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Catholic University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Jean Christophe Marine
- Center for Human Genetics, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabiola Moretti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Roma, Italy.
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50
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Gessier F, Kallen J, Jacoby E, Chène P, Stachyra-Valat T, Ruetz S, Jeay S, Holzer P, Masuya K, Furet P. Discovery of dihydroisoquinolinone derivatives as novel inhibitors of the p53–MDM2 interaction with a distinct binding mode. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3621-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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