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Choroszy M, Środa-Pomianek K, Wawrzyńska M, Chmielarz M, Bożemska E, Sobieszczańska B. The Role of Palmitic Acid in the Co-Toxicity of Bacterial Metabolites to Endothelial Cells. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2023; 19:399-409. [PMID: 37426328 PMCID: PMC10329449 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s408897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic endotoxemia most often results from obesity and is accompanied by an increase in the permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier, allowing co-absorption of bacterial metabolites and diet-derived fatty acids into the bloodstream. A high-fat diet (HFD) leading to obesity is a significant extrinsic factor in developing vascular atherosclerosis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of palmitic acid (PA) as a representative of long-chain saturated fatty acids (LCSFA) commonly present in HFDs, along with endotoxin (LPS; lipopolysaccharide) and uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS), on human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods HUVECs viability was measured based on tetrazolium salt metabolism, and cell morphology was assessed with fluorescein-phalloidin staining of cells' actin cytoskeleton. The effects of simultaneous treatment of endothelial cells with PA, LPS, and IS on nitro-oxidative stress in vascular cells were evaluated quantitatively with fluorescent probes. The expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule VCAM-1, E-selectin, and occludin, an essential tight junction protein, in HUVECs treated with these metabolites was evaluated in Western blot. Results PA, combined with LPS and IS, did not influence HUVECs viability but induced stress on actin fibers and focal adhesion complexes. Moreover, PA combined with LPS significantly enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HUVECs but decreased nitric oxide (NO) generation. PA also considerably increased the expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin in HUVECs treated with LPS or IS but decreased occludin expression. Conclusion Palmitic acid enhances the toxic effect of metabolic endotoxemia on the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Choroszy
- Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Środa-Pomianek
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wawrzyńska
- Department of Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Chmielarz
- Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Bożemska
- Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Sousa T, Gouveia M, Travasso RD, Salvador A. How abundant are superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the vasculature lumen, how far can they reach? Redox Biol 2022; 58:102527. [PMID: 36335761 PMCID: PMC9640316 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracrine superoxide (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signaling critically depends on these substances' concentrations, half-lives and transport ranges in extracellular media. Here we estimated these parameters for the lumen of human capillaries, arterioles and arteries using reaction-diffusion-advection models. These models considered O2•− and H2O2 production by endothelial cells and uptake by erythrocytes and endothelial cells, O2•− dismutation, O2•− and H2O2 diffusion and advection by the blood flow. Results show that in this environment O2•− and H2O2 have half-lives <60. ms and <40. ms, respectively, the former determined by the plasma SOD3 activity, the latter by clearance by endothelial cells and erythrocytes. H2O2 concentrations do not exceed the 10 nM scale. Maximal O2•− concentrations near vessel walls exceed H2O2's several-fold when the latter results solely from O2•− dismutation. Cytosolic dismutation of inflowing O2•− may thus significantly contribute to H2O2 delivery to cells. O2•− concentrations near vessel walls decay to 50% of maximum 12 μm downstream from O2•− production sites. H2O2 concentrations in capillaries decay to 50% of maximum 22 μm (6.0 μm) downstream from O2•− (H2O2) production sites. Near arterioles' (arteries') walls, they decay by 50% within 6.0 μm (4. μm) of H2O2 production sites. However, they reach maximal values 50 μm (24 μm) downstream from O2•− production sites and decrease by 50% over 650 μm (500 μm). Arterial/olar endothelial cells might thus signal over a mm downstream through O2•−-derived H2O2, though this requires nM-sensitive H2O2 transduction mechanisms. Physiological local H2O2 concentrations in vasculature lumen are up to 10's of μM. H2O2 transport range in capillaries is just ≈20 μm. Faster blood flow in arteri(ol)es transports O2•−-derived H2O2 over 100's of μm Similar H2O2 abundances and distribution near arterioles' and arteries' walls, likewise for O2•−. Inflowing O2•− may significantly feed H2O2 to the cytosol of endothelial cells
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Pires A. Studying Annelida Body Regeneration Under Environmental Stress in Diopatra neapolitana. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2450:195-206. [PMID: 35359309 PMCID: PMC9761544 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2172-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The polychaete Diopatra neapolitana is a cosmopolitan annelid that can robustly regenerate both its anterior and posterior body part depending on the position of the amputation. Previous studies demonstrated that body regeneration represents a sensitive and unspecific response to environmental stresses, including contaminants and climate alterations.The posterior body regeneration of D. neapolitana is thus a suitable, ecological and relevant biomarker in ecotoxicological and ecological risk assessment assays. Here we describe the amputation process, the monitoring of the regeneration process of the polychaete D. neapolitana and the quantification of the impact of environmental stresses on its regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adília Pires
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Farkhondeh T, Talebi M, Kopustinskiene DM, Samarghandian S, Bernatoniene J. An Overview of NO Signaling Pathways in Aging. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154533. [PMID: 34361685 PMCID: PMC8348219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a potent signaling molecule involved in the regulation of various cellular mechanisms and pathways under normal and pathological conditions. NO production, its effects, and its efficacy, are extremely sensitive to aging-related changes in the cells. Herein, we review the mechanisms of NO signaling in the cardiovascular system, central nervous system (CNS), reproduction system, as well as its effects on skin, kidneys, thyroid, muscles, and on the immune system during aging. The aging-related decline in NO levels and bioavailability is also discussed in this review. The decreased NO production by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was revealed in the aged cardiovascular system. In the CNS, the decline of the neuronal (n)NOS production of NO was related to the impairment of memory, sleep, and cognition. NO played an important role in the aging of oocytes and aged-induced erectile dysfunction. Aging downregulated NO signaling pathways in endothelial cells resulting in skin, kidney, thyroid, and muscle disorders. Putative therapeutic agents (natural/synthetic) affecting NO signaling mechanisms in the aging process are discussed in the present study. In summary, all of the studies reviewed demonstrate that NO plays a crucial role in the cellular aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammad Pourbagher-Shahri
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
| | - Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran;
| | - Dalia M. Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Jurga Bernatoniene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (J.B.)
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Zhang ZN, Hui Z, Chen C, Liang Y, Tang LL, Wang SL, Xu CC, Yang H, Zhang JS, Zhao Y. Neuroprotective Effects and Related Mechanisms of Echinacoside in MPTP-Induced PD Mice. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:1779-1792. [PMID: 34113108 PMCID: PMC8184243 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s299685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the neuroprotective effect and the related mechanisms of echinacoside (ECH) in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) mice. METHODS Parkinson's disease is induced in mice by MPTP and the neurobehaviors of mice in different groups are observed. Then, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis are adopted to measure the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and α-synuclein in the substantia nigra (SN). The content of dopamine (DA) and other neurotransmitters in the brain is detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The expression of nerve growth factors and inflammatory factors in SN in mice in each group is measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Finally, the expression of oxidative stress-related parameters in each group is measured. RESULTS Compared with the model group, the pole-climbing time among mice in the moderate and high-dose ECH groups is significantly reduced (P < 0.01). The rotarod staying time, as well as fore and hind-limb strides, shows a significant increase (P < 0.01), as does spontaneous activity (P < 0.01). Moreover, the expression levels of TH, DA, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in SN in mice show significant increases in these two groups (P < 0.01). The content of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase indicates significant increases in the low, moderate, and high-dose ECH groups (P < 0.01), and the content of MDA was reduced (P < 0.01). In the high-dose ECH group, the expression of interleukin (IL) 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α is significantly reduced (P < 0.01), while the expression of IL-10 shows a marked increase (P < 0.01) alongside a decrease in the expression of α-synuclein (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Echinacoside improves neurobehavioral symptoms in PD mice and significantly increases the expression of TH and DA. The neuroprotective effect potentially correlates with anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation actions, promotes the expression of nerve growth factor, and reduces the accumulation of α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Nian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hui
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Tang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Si Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
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Pérez-Torres I, Manzano-Pech L, Rubio-Ruíz ME, Soto ME, Guarner-Lans V. Nitrosative Stress and Its Association with Cardiometabolic Disorders. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112555. [PMID: 32486343 PMCID: PMC7321091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are formed when there is an abnormal increase in the level of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and/or by the uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The presence of high concentrations of superoxide anions (O2−) is also necessary for their formation. RNS react three times faster than O2− with other molecules and have a longer mean half life. They cause irreversible damage to cell membranes, proteins, mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, nucleic acids and enzymes, altering their activity and leading to necrosis and to cell death. Although nitrogen species are important in the redox imbalance, this review focuses on the alterations caused by the RNS in the cellular redox system that are associated with cardiometabolic diseases. Currently, nitrosative stress (NSS) is implied in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The mechanisms that produce damage remain poorly understood. In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge on the participation of NSS in the pathology of cardiometabolic diseases and their possible mechanisms of action. This information might be useful for the future proposal of anti-NSS therapies for cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Pérez-Torres
- Vascular Biomedicine Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (I.P.-T.); (V.G.-L.)
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Vascular Biomedicine Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruíz
- Physiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - María Elena Soto
- Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Physiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (I.P.-T.); (V.G.-L.)
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Voronkov A, Pozdnyakov D. Endothelotropic Activity of 4-Hydroxy-3,5-Di-Tret-Butylcinnamic Acid in the Conditions of Experimental Cerebral Ischemia. RRP 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.4.26519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the endothelioprotective activity of 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tret-butylcinnamic acid in conditions of experimental cerebral ischemia.
Materials and Methods: The brain ischemia was reproduced by the method of irreversible right-sided thermocoagulation of the middle cerebral artery. As comparative drugs, mexidol (30 mg/kg) and sulodexide (30 U/kg) were used. The vasodilating function of the vascular endothelium was assessed by the change in the rate of cerebral blood flow when the synthesis of nitric oxide was modified. Antithrombotic function was assessed by changes in the concentration of thromboxane A2, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor activity and platelet aggregation activity. Serum concentration of C-reactive protein served as a marker of the state of anti-inflammatory endothelial function. To determine the potential mechanism of endothelioprotective activity of 4-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tret-butylcinnamic acid, the anti-radical activity of this compound toward superoxide and nitrosy-radicals was assessed; and the effect of the compound on the mitochondrial function was studied, by evaluating the functional activity of mitochondrial ATP synthetase and cytochrome-c-oxidase by ELISA.
Results and Discussion: In the course of the study, a positive effect of 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tret-butylcinnamic acid on the state of endothelial function in cerebral ischemia was established, which was expressed in the preservation of vasodilating (restoring the vascular reaction to acetylcholine, nitro-L-arginine methyl ether, L-arginine), antithrombotic (a decrease in the concentration of thromboxane A2, fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor activity by 241.9% (p <0.05), 73.5% (p <0.05), 20.4% (p <0.05), respectively, a decrease in the degree of aggregation and platelet aggregation rate by 56.7 % (p <0.05) and 52.8% (p <0.05), respectively, and anti-inflammatory vascular endothelial function (99.1% C-reactive protein reduction (p <0.05)). The 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tret-butylcinnamic acid compound in vitro tests suppressed generation of superoxide (IC50 = 1.99 mg/ml) and nitrosyl radical (IC50 = 1.92 mg/ml), eliminated NO-synthase uncoupling, and restored the mitochondrial function (increase in mitochondrial ATP synthase and cytochrome-c-oxidase activity by 23.5% (p <0.05) and 110.8% (p <0.05), respectively).
Conclusion: The study demonstrated the presence of endotheliotropic activity of 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tret-butylcinnamic acid, which is expressed in the preservation of vasodilating, antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory functions of the vascular endothelium in conditions of cerebral ischemia. At the same time, the anti-radical properties of this compound, as well as the direct effect on the functional activity of the NO-synthase system and the improvement of the mitochondrial function, may underlie the endotheliotropic effects of 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tret-butylcinnamic acid.
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Gao L, Hu Y, Li J. Pigment epithelium-derived factor protects human glomerular mesangial cells from diabetes via NOXO1-iNOS suppression. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7855-7863. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Spanidis Y, Stagos D, Orfanou M, Goutzourelas N, Bar-Or D, Spandidos D, Kouretas D. Variations in Oxidative Stress Levels in 3 Days Follow-up in Ultramarathon Mountain Race Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:582-594. [PMID: 28212265 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spanidis, Y, Stagos, D, Orfanou, M, Goutzourelas, N, Bar-or, D, Spandidos, D, and Kouretas, D. Variations in oxidative stress levels in 3 days follow-up in ultramarathon mountain race athletes. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 582-594, 2017-The aim of the present study was the monitoring of the redox status of runners participating in a mountain ultramarathon race of 103 km. Blood samples from 12 runners were collected prerace and 24, 48, and 72 hours postrace. The samples were analyzed by using conventional oxidative stress markers, such as protein carbonyls (CARB), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in plasma, as well as glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT) activity in erythrocytes. In addition, 2 novel markers, the static oxidation-reduction potential marker (sORP) and the capacity oxidation-reduction potential (cORP), were measured in plasma. The results showed significant increase in sORP levels and significant decrease in cORP and GSH levels postrace compared with prerace. The other markers did not exhibit significant changes postrace compared with prerace. Furthermore, an interindividual analysis showed that in all athletes but one sORP was increased, whereas cORP was decreased. Moreover, GSH levels were decreased in all athletes at least at 2 time points postrace compared with prerace. The other markers exhibited great variations between different athletes. In conclusion, ORP and GSH markers suggested that oxidative stress has existed even 3 days post ultramarathon race. The practical applications from these results would be that the most effective markers for short-term monitoring of ultramarathon mountain race-induced oxidative stress were sORP, cORP, and GSH. Also, administration of supplements enhancing especially GSH is recommended during ultramarathon mountain races to prevent manifestation of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ypatios Spanidis
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; 2Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, Lakewood, Colorado; 3Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, Colorado; 4Trauma Research Department, Medical Center of Plano, Plano, Texas; 5Luoxis Diagnostics, Inc., Englewood, Colorado; and 6Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Wang YK, Yu Q, Tan X, Wu ZT, Zhang RW, Yang YH, Yuan WJ, Hu QK, Wang WZ. Centrally acting drug moxonidine decreases reactive oxygen species via inactivation of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase signaling in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2016; 34:993-1004. [PMID: 26886567 DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Centrally acting antihypertensive action of moxonidine is a result of activation of Imidazoline-1 receptor (I1R) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Hypertension shows an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the RVLM. The present objective was to determine the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway involved in the effect of moxonidine on ROS generation in the RVLM of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). METHODS Wistar-Kyoto rats and SHR received intracisternal infusion (2 weeks) of tested agents which were subjected to subsequent experiments. In-situ ROS in the RVLM was evaluated by the oxidative fluorescence dye. Western blot and PCR analysis were performed to detect the expression levels of PI3K signaling pathway. Lentivirus was injected bilaterally into the RVLM for silencing PI3K signaling. RESULTS ROS production in the RVLM was dose-dependently reduced in SHRs treated with infusion of moxonidine (20 nmol/day), which was prevented by the I1R antagonist efaroxan but not by the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine. Moxonidine pretreatment significantly blunted cardiovascular sensitivity to injection of tempol (5 nmol) or angiotensin II (10 pmol) into the RVLM in SHR. Expression levels of PI3K/Akt, nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB), NADPHase (NOX4), and angiotensin type I receptor (AT1R) in the RVLM were markedly decreased in SHR treated with moxonidine. Infection of lentivirus containing PI3K shRNA in the RVLM effectively prevented effects of moxonidine on cardiovascular activity and expression levels of Akt, NFκB, NOX4, and AT1R. CONCLUSION The centrally antihypertensive drug moxonidine decreases ROS production in the RVLM through inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in hypertension.
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Wilson A, Yakovlev VA. Cells redox environment modulates BRCA1 expression and DNA homologous recombination repair. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:190-201. [PMID: 27771433 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer development and progression have been linked to oxidative stress, a condition characterized by unbalanced increase in ROS and RNS production. The main endogenous initiators of the redox imbalance in cancer cells are defective mitochondria, elevated NOX activity, and uncoupled NOS3. Traditionally, most attention has been paid to direct oxidative damage to DNA by certain ROS. However, increase in oxidative DNA lesions does not always lead to malignancy. Hence, additional ROS-dependent, pro-carcinogenic mechanisms must be important. Our recent study demonstrated that Tyr nitration of PP2A stimulates its activity and leads to downregulation of BRCA1 expression. This provides a mechanism for chromosomal instability essential for tumor progression. In the present work, we demonstrated that inhibition of ROS production by generating mitochondrial-electron-transport-deficient cell lines (ρ0 cells) or by inhibition of NOX activity with a selective peptide inhibitor significantly reduced PP2A Tyr nitration and its activity in different cancer cell lines. As a result of the decreased PP2A activity, BRCA1 expression was restored along with a significantly enhanced level of DNA HRR. We used TCGA database to analyze the correlation between expressions of the NOX regulatory subunits, NOS isoforms, and BRCA1 in the 3 cancer research studies: breast invasive carcinoma, ovarian cystadenocarcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma. TCGA database analysis demonstrated that the high expression levels of most of the NOX regulatory subunits responsible for stimulation of NOX1-NOX4 were associated with significant downregulation of BRCA1 expression.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Chromosomal Instability
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- Databases, Genetic
- Electron Transport
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- NADPH Oxidase 1/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 1/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Oxidative Stress
- Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/genetics
- Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Recombinational DNA Repair
- Signal Transduction
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Wilson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Vasily A Yakovlev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
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12
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Ngo JP, Ow CP, Gardiner BS, Kar S, Pearson JT, Smith DW, Evans RG. Diffusive shunting of gases and other molecules in the renal vasculature: physiological and evolutionary significance. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R797-R810. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00246.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Countercurrent systems have evolved in a variety of biological systems that allow transfer of heat, gases, and solutes. For example, in the renal medulla, the countercurrent arrangement of vascular and tubular elements facilitates the trapping of urea and other solutes in the inner medulla, which in turn enables the formation of concentrated urine. Arteries and veins in the cortex are also arranged in a countercurrent fashion, as are descending and ascending vasa recta in the medulla. For countercurrent diffusion to occur, barriers to diffusion must be small. This appears to be characteristic of larger vessels in the renal cortex. There must also be gradients in the concentration of molecules between afferent and efferent vessels, with the transport of molecules possible in either direction. Such gradients exist for oxygen in both the cortex and medulla, but there is little evidence that large gradients exist for other molecules such as carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, superoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia. There is some experimental evidence for arterial-to-venous (AV) oxygen shunting. Mathematical models also provide evidence for oxygen shunting in both the cortex and medulla. However, the quantitative significance of AV oxygen shunting remains a matter of controversy. Thus, whereas the countercurrent arrangement of vasa recta in the medulla appears to have evolved as a consequence of the evolution of Henle’s loop, the evolutionary significance of the intimate countercurrent arrangement of blood vessels in the renal cortex remains an enigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P. Ngo
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biosciences Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology and
| | - Connie P.C. Ow
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biosciences Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology and
| | - Bruce S. Gardiner
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Saptarshi Kar
- School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; and
| | - James T. Pearson
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biosciences Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology and
- Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - David W. Smith
- School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; and
| | - Roger G. Evans
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biosciences Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology and
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13
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Morel A, Miller E, Bijak M, Saluk J. The increased level of COX-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism in blood platelets from secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 420:85-94. [PMID: 27507559 PMCID: PMC4992022 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Platelet activation is increasingly postulated as a possible component of the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), especially due to the increased risk of cardiovascular events in MS. Arachidonic acid cascade metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX) is a key pathway of platelet activation. The aim of our study was to investigate the COX-dependent arachidonic acid metabolic pathway in blood platelets from secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SP MS) patients. The blood samples were obtained from 50 patients (man n = 22; female n = 28), suffering from SP MS, diagnosed according to the revised McDonald criteria. Platelet aggregation was measured in platelet-rich plasma after arachidonic acid stimulation. The level of COX activity and thromboxane B2 concentration were determined by ELISA method. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring the level of malondialdehyde. The results were compared with a control group of healthy volunteers. We found that blood platelets obtained from SP MS patients were more sensitive to arachidonic acid and their response measured as platelet aggregation was stronger (about 14 %) relative to control. We also observed a significantly increased activity of COX (about 40 %) and synthesis of thromboxane B2 (about 113 %). The generation of malondialdehyde as a marker of lipid peroxidation was about 10 % higher in SP MS than in control. Cyclooxygenase-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism is significantly increased in blood platelets of patients with SP MS. Future clinical studies are required to recommend the use of low-dose aspirin, and possibly other COX inhibitors in the prevention of cardiovascular risk in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Morel
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Elzbieta Miller
- Department of Physical Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Pl. Hallera 1, Lodz, Poland
- Neurorehabilitation Ward, III General Hospital in Lodz, Milionowa 14, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Bijak
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Saluk
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
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Dong Y, Sun Q, Liu T, Wang H, Jiao K, Xu J, Liu X, Liu H, Wang W. Nitrative Stress Participates in Endothelial Progenitor Cell Injury in Hyperhomocysteinemia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158672. [PMID: 27391949 PMCID: PMC4938535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the role of nitrative stress in vascular endothelial injury in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), thirty healthy adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, hyperhomocysteinemia model, and hyperhomocysteinemia with FeTMPyP (peroxynitrite scavenger) treatment. The endothelium-dependent dilatation of thoracic aorta in vitro was determined by response to acetylcholine (ACh). The histological changes in endothelium were assessed by HE staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The expression of 3-nitrotyrosine (NT) in thoracic aorta was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, and the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) was quantified by flow cytometry. Hyperhomocysteinemia caused significant endothelial injury and dysfunction including vasodilative and histologic changes, associated with higher expression of NT in thoracic aorta. FeTMPyP treatment reversed these injuries significantly. Further, the effect of nitrative stress on cultured EPCs in vitro was investigated by administering peroxynitrite donor (3-morpholino-sydnonimine, SIN-1) and peroxynitrite scavenger (FeTMPyP). The roles of nitrative stress on cell viability, necrosis and apoptosis were evaluated with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. Also, the phospho-eNOS expression and tube formation in Matrigel of cultured EPCs was detected. Our data showed that the survival of EPCs was much lower in SIN-1 group than in vehicle group, both the apoptosis and necrosis of EPCs were much more severe, and the p-eNOS expression and tube formation in Matrigel were obviously declined. Subsequent pretreatment with FeTMPyP reversed these changes. Further, pretreatment with FeTMPyP reversed homocysteine-induced EPC injury. In conclusion, this study indicates that nitrative stress plays a role in vascular endothelial injury in hyperhomocysteinemia, as well as induces endothelial progenitor cell injury directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanyuan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Jiao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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15
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McGarrity S, Halldórsson H, Palsson S, Johansson PI, Rolfsson Ó. Understanding the Causes and Implications of Endothelial Metabolic Variation in Cardiovascular Disease through Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2016; 3:10. [PMID: 27148541 PMCID: PMC4834436 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2016.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput biochemical profiling has led to a requirement for advanced data interpretation techniques capable of integrating the analysis of gene, protein, and metabolic profiles to shed light on genotype-phenotype relationships. Herein, we consider the current state of knowledge of endothelial cell (EC) metabolism and its connections to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and explore the use of genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) for integrating metabolic and genomic data. GEMs combine gene expression and metabolic data acting as frameworks for their analysis and, ultimately, afford mechanistic understanding of how genetic variation impacts metabolism. We demonstrate how GEMs can be used to investigate CVD-related genetic variation, drug resistance mechanisms, and novel metabolic pathways in ECs. The application of GEMs in personalized medicine is also highlighted. Particularly, we focus on the potential of GEMs to identify metabolic biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and to discover methods of stratifying treatments for CVDs based on individual genetic markers. Recent advances in systems biology methodology, and how these methodologies can be applied to understand EC metabolism in both health and disease, are thus highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McGarrity
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland
| | - Haraldur Halldórsson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland
| | - Sirus Palsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Sinopia Biosciences Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pär I Johansson
- Section for Transfusion Medicine, Capital Region Blood Bank, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Óttar Rolfsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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16
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Patel H, Chen J, Kavdia M. Induced peroxidase and cytoprotective enzyme expressions support adaptation of HUVECs to sustain subsequent H2O2 exposure. Microvasc Res 2015; 103:1-10. [PMID: 26409120 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
H2O2 mediates autocrine and paracrine signaling in the vasculature and can propagate endothelial dysfunction. However, it is not clear how endothelial cells withstand H2O2 exposure and promote H2O2-induced vascular remodeling. To understand the innate ability of endothelial cells for sustaining excess H2O2 exposure, we investigated the genotypic and functional regulation of redox systems in primary HUVECs following an H2O2 treatment. Primary HUVECs were exposed to transient H2O2 exposure and consistent H2O2 exposure. Following H2O2 treatments for 24, 48 and 72 h, we measured O2(-) production, mitochondrial membrane polarization (MMP), and gene expressions of pro-oxidative enzymes, peroxidase enzymes, and cytoprotective intermediates. Our results showed that the 24 h H2O2 exposure significantly increased O2(-) levels, hyperpolarized MMP, and downregulated CAT, GPX1, TXNRD1, NFE2L2, ASK1, and ATF2 gene expression in HUVECs. At 72 h, HUVECs in both treatment conditions were shown to adapt to reduce O2(-) levels and normalize MMP. An upregulation of GPX1, TXNRD1, and HMOX1 gene expression and a recovery of NFE2L2 and PRDX1 gene expression to control levels were observed in both consistent and transient treatments at 48 and 72 h. The response of endothelial cells to excess levels of H2O2 involves a complex interaction amongst O2(-) levels, mitochondrial membrane polarization and anti- and pro-oxidant gene regulation. As a part of this response, HUVECs induce cytoprotective mechanisms including the expression of peroxidase and antioxidant enzymes along with the downregulation of pro-apoptotic genes. This adaptation assists HUVECs to withstand subsequent exposures to H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemang Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
| | - Mahendra Kavdia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
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17
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Reverri EJ, Morrissey BM, Cross CE, Steinberg FM. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with cystic fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:261-77. [PMID: 25172163 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) represents one of a number of localized lung and non-lung diseases with an intense chronic inflammatory component associated with evidence of systemic oxidative stress. Many of these chronic inflammatory diseases are accompanied by an array of atherosclerotic processes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), another condition strongly related to inflammation and oxidative stress. As a consequence of a dramatic increase in long-lived patients with CF in recent decades, the specter of CVD must be considered in these patients who are now reaching middle age and beyond. Buttressed by recent data documenting that CF patients exhibit evidence of endothelial dysfunction, a recognized precursor of atherosclerosis and CVD, the spectrum of risk factors for CVD in CF is reviewed here. Epidemiological data further characterizing the presence and extent of atherogenic processes in CF patients would seem important to obtain. Such studies should further inform and offer mechanistic insights into how other chronic inflammatory diseases potentiate the processes leading to CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Reverri
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian M Morrissey
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Clinic and Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Carroll E Cross
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Clinic and Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Francene M Steinberg
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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18
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Deonikar P, Abu-soud HM, Kavdia M. Computational analysis of nitric oxide biotransport to red blood cell in the presence of free hemoglobin and NO donor. Microvasc Res 2014; 95:15-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Keles S, Ates O, Kartal B, Alp HH, Ekinci M, Ceylan E, Ondas O, Arpali E, Dogan S, Yildirim K, Keles MS. Evaluation of cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with age-related wet macular degeneration. Clin Ophthalmol 2014; 8:1573-8. [PMID: 25210424 PMCID: PMC4154890 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s66160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate levels of homocysteine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and nitric oxide (NO), as well as activity of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS The levels of homocysteine, ADMA, and NO and activity of eNOS in patients who were diagnosed with wet AMD by fundus fluorescein angiography (n=30) were compared to a control group with no retinal pathology (n=30). RESULTS Levels of homocysteine and ADMA were found to be significantly higher in the wet AMD group than in the control group (P<0.001), whereas NO levels and eNOS activity were higher in the control group (P<0.001). In the wet AMD group, we detected a 2.64- and 0.33-fold increase in the levels of ADMA and homocysteine, respectively, and a 0.49- and 2.41-fold decrease in the eNOS activity and NO level, respectively. CONCLUSION Elevated levels of homocysteine and ADMA were observed in patients with wet AMD. Increased ADMA may be responsible for the diminished eNOS activity found in these patients, which in turn contributes to the decrease in NO levels, which likely plays a role in the pathogenesis of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadullah Keles
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Orhan Ates
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Baki Kartal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hamit Hakan Alp
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Metin Ekinci
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Erdinc Ceylan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Osman Ondas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erbaa Government Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Eren Arpali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Semih Dogan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kolan Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kenan Yildirim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Igdır Government Hospital, Igdır, Turkey
| | - Mevlut Sait Keles
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Margaritelis NV, Kyparos A, Paschalis V, Theodorou AA, Panayiotou G, Zafeiridis A, Dipla K, Nikolaidis MG, Vrabas IS. Reductive stress after exercise: The issue of redox individuality. Redox Biol 2014; 2:520-8. [PMID: 24634834 PMCID: PMC3953955 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has been consistently used as an oxidant stimulus in redox biology studies. However, previous studies have focused on group differences and did not examine individual differences. As a result, it remains untested whether all individuals experience oxidative stress after acute exercise. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to investigate whether some individuals exhibit unexpected responses after an acute eccentric (i.e., muscle-damaging) exercise session. Ninety eight (N = 98) young men performed an isokinetic eccentric exercise bout with the knee extensors. Plasma, erythrocytes and urine samples were collected immediately before and 2 days post-exercise. Three commonly used redox biomarkers (F2-isoprostanes, protein carbonyls and glutathione) were assayed. As expected, the two oxidant biomarkers (F2-isoprostanes and protein carbonyls) significantly increased 2 days after exercise (46% and 61%, respectively); whereas a significant decrease in glutathione levels (by −21%) was observed after exercise. A considerable number of the participants exhibited changes in the levels of biomarkers in the opposite, unexpected direction than the group average. More specifically, 13% of the participants exhibited a decrease in F2-isoprostanes and protein carbonyls and 10% of the participants exhibited an increase in glutathione levels. Furthermore, more than 1 out of 3 individuals exhibited either unexpected or negligible (from 0% to ± 5%) responses to exercise in at least one redox biomarker. It was also observed that the initial values of redox biomarkers are important predictors of the responses to exercise. In conclusion, although exercise induces oxidative stress in the majority of individuals, it can induce reductive stress or negligible stress in a considerable number of people. The data presented herein emphasize that the mean response to a redox stimulus can be very misleading. We believe that the wide variability (including the cases of reductive stress) described is not limited to the oxidant stimulus used and the biomarkers selected. Exercise may induce reductive stress instead of the expected oxidative stress. The initial values of biomarkers are major predictors of the responses to exercise. The mean response of a group to a redox stimulus can be misleading.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Margaritelis
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, Serres 62110, Greece
| | - A Kyparos
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, Serres 62110, Greece
| | - V Paschalis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece ; Laboratory of Exercise, Health and Human Performance, Research Center, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - A A Theodorou
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, Serres 62110, Greece ; Laboratory of Exercise, Health and Human Performance, Research Center, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - G Panayiotou
- Laboratory of Exercise, Health and Human Performance, Research Center, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - A Zafeiridis
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, Serres 62110, Greece
| | - K Dipla
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, Serres 62110, Greece
| | - M G Nikolaidis
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, Serres 62110, Greece
| | - I S Vrabas
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, Serres 62110, Greece
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21
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Patel H, Chen J, Das KC, Kavdia M. Hyperglycemia induces differential change in oxidative stress at gene expression and functional levels in HUVEC and HMVEC. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:142. [PMID: 24093550 PMCID: PMC3851327 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction precedes pathogenesis of vascular complications in diabetes. In recent years, the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction were investigated to outline strategies for its treatment. However, the therapies for dysfunctional endothelium resulted in multiple clinical trial failures and remain elusive. There is a need for defining hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction with both generic and specific dysfunctional changes in endothelial cells (EC) using a systems approach. In this study, we investigated hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction in HUVEC and HMVEC. We investigated hyperglycemia-induced functional changes (superoxide (O2‾), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and mitochondrial membrane polarization) and gene expression fingerprints of related enzymes (nitric oxide synthase, NAD(P)H oxidase, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) neutralizing enzymes) in both ECs. Method Gene expression of NOS2, NOS3, NOX4, CYBA, UCP1, CAT, TXNRD1, TXNRD2, GPX1, NOX1, SOD1, SOD2, PRDX1, 18s, and RPLP0 were measured using real-time PCR. O2‾ production was measured with dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence measurement. H2O2 production was measured using Amplex Red assay. Mitochondrial membrane polarization was measured using JC-10 based fluorescence measurement. Results We showed that the O2‾ levels increased similarly in both ECs with hyperglycemia. However, these endothelial cells showed significantly different underlying gene expression profile, H2O2 production and mitochondrial membrane polarization. In HUVEC, hyperglycemia increased H2O2 production, and hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane. ROS neutralizing enzymes SOD2 and CAT gene expression were downregulated. In contrast, there was an upregulation of nitric oxide synthase and NAD(P)H oxidase and a depolarization of mitochondrial membrane in HMVEC. In addition, ROS neutralizing enzymes SOD1, GPX1, TXNRD1 and TXNRD2 gene expression were significantly upregulated in high glucose treated HMVEC. Conclusion Our findings highlighted a unique framework for hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. We showed that multiple pathways are differentially affected in these endothelial cells in hyperglycemia. High occurrences of gene expression changes in HMVEC in this study supports the hypothesis that microvasculature precedes macrovasculature in epigenetic regulation forming vascular metabolic memory. Identifying genomic phenotype and corresponding functional changes in hyperglycemic endothelial dysfunction will provide a suitable systems biology approach for understanding underlying mechanisms and possible effective therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemang Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, 2322 Engineering, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr,, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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22
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Braidy N, Selvaraju S, Essa MM, Vaishnav R, Al-Adawi S, Al-Asmi A, Al-Senawi H, Abd Alrahman Alobaidy A, Lakhtakia R, Guillemin GJ. Neuroprotective effects of a variety of pomegranate juice extracts against MPTP-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human primary neurons. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2013; 2013:685909. [PMID: 24223235 DOI: 10.1155/2013/685909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is an environmental toxin which selectively induces oxidative damage and mitochondrial and proteasomal dysfunctions to dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra leading to Parkinsonian syndrome in animal models and humans. MPTP is one of the most widely used in vitro models to investigate the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and, screen for novel therapeutic compounds that can slow down or ameliorate this progressive degenerative disease. We investigated the therapeutic effect of pomegranate juice extracts (PJE), Helow, Malasi, Qusum, and Hamadh against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in primary human neurons by examining extracellular LDH activity, intracellular NAD+ and ATP levels, and endogenous antioxidant levels including lipid peroxidation products, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. MPTP induced a reduction in SOD and GPx activities and intracellular NAD+, ATP, and GSH levels parallel to an increase in extracellular LDH and CAT activities, although lipid peroxidation was not altered. We report that helow and malasi can ameliorate MPTP-induced neurotoxicity by attenuating the observed changes in redox function to a greater extent than qusum and hamedh. Selected PJE varieties may exhibit properties which may be of therapeutic value to slow down age-related degeneration and neurodegeneration in particular.
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