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Wu H, Yin J, Li S, Wang H, Jiang P, Li P, Ding Z, Yan H, Chen B, Wang L, Wang Q. Oral immunization with recombinant L. lactis expressing GCRV-II VP4 produces protection against grass carp reovirus infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 147:109439. [PMID: 38341115 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The hemorrhagic disease causing by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection, is associated with major economic losses and significant impact on aquaculture worldwide. VP4 of GCRV is one of the major outer capsid proteins which can induce an immune response in the host. In this study, pNZ8148-VP4/L. lactis was constructed to express recombinant VP4 protein of GCRV, which was confirmed by the Western-Blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then we performed the oral immunization for rare minnow model and the challenge with GCRV-II. After oral administration, pNZ8148-VP4/L. lactis can continuously reside in the intestinal tract to achieve antigen presentation. The intestinal and spleen samples were collected at different time intervals after immunization, and the expression of immune-related genes was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that VP4 recombinant L. lactis could induce complete cellular and humoral immune responses in the intestinal mucosal system, and effectively regulate the immunological effect of the spleen. The immunogenicity and the protective efficacy of the oral vaccine was evaluated by determining IgM levels and viral challenge to vaccinated fish, a significant level (P < 0.01) of antigen-specific IgM with GCRV-II neutralizing activity was able to be detected, which provided a effective protection in the challenge experiment. These results indicated that an oral probiotic vaccine with VP4 expression can provide effective protection for grass carp against GCRV-II challenge, suggesting a promising vaccine strategy for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Siming Li
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanlian Road 602, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Shanghai Ocean University/National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ding
- Shanghai Ocean University/National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Han Yan
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanlian Road 602, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Nanchang Yimen Biology Technology Co., Ltd., Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Linchuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
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Wang Y, Zheng S, Zeng W, Yin J, Li Y, Ren Y, Mo X, Shi C, Bergmann SM, Wang Q. Comparative transcriptional analysis between virulent isolate HN1307 and avirulent isolate GD1108 of grass carp reovirus genotype II. Dev Comp Immunol 2023; 147:104893. [PMID: 37451563 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
As a widespread epidemic virus, genotype II of the grass carp reovirus poses a significant threat to the grass carp farming industry in China. Different genotype II isolates cause different degrees of virulence, although the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this work, infections of grass carp with the virulent isolate grass carp reovirus (GCRV)-HN1307 and the avirulent isolate GCRV-GD1108 were performed to reveal a possible mutual transcriptional discrepancy. More differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the HN1307-infected group, which defined a grossly similar gene ontology (GO) pattern and different pathway landscape as the GD1108-infected group. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that pathways related to innate immunity and metabolism were reciprocally activated and suppressed, respectively, following infection withHN1307, compared with GD1108. The trend analysis further indicated that immune-related pathways were involved in one of the four statistically significant profiles. Network analysis of transcription factor-gene interactions and protein-protein interactions on the immune-related profile suggested that among the core transcriptional factors (TFs) (UBTF, HCFC1, MAZ, MAX, and NRF1) and the hub proteins (Tlr3, Tlr7, Tlr9, Irf3, and Irf7), the latter were highly enriched in the toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Real-time quantitative PCR performed on the selected mRNAs validated the relative expression. This work will provide insights into the distinct transcriptional signatures from avirulent and virulent isolates of GCRV, which may contribute to the development of products for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Shucheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Yan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Xubing Mo
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Cunbin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
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Guo K, Sun Y, Tang X, Zhou X, Jiang M, Yang Q, Li Y, Wu Z. Pathogenicity and inactivated vaccine treatment of Aeromonas veronii JW-4 on crucian carp. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106315. [PMID: 37611778 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is a common bacterium found in a variety of aquatic environments, capable of causing a diverse array of diseases in both aquatic animals and humans. Therefore, evaluating the pathogenicity of A. veronii and implementing measures to control its spread are essential. In this study, a strain JW-4, identified as A. veronii, was isolated from diseased Scaphesthes macrolepis, a grade Ⅱ protected animal in China. To investigate the pathogenicity of the strain, fish were fed with serial levels JW-4 supplemented diet or basal diet (control group 1, CG1) for 28 days (d). Results showed that JW-4 stimulated an immune response, evidenced by an increase in immune-related enzyme activities (GOT and GPT) of serum and liver and an upregulation of genes expression levels (TNF-α and IFN-γ) of liver and spleen, and these effects gradually decreased over time. Histopathological examination revealed that JW-4 could alter the tissue structure of immune organs, such as liver and kidney. These changes were accompanied by vacuolar degeneration, nuclear dissolution, and an increased lymphocyte count. To assess protective effects of a vaccine against this strain, fish were injected with an inactivated vaccine (immunization group, IG) or 0.85% sterile saline (control group 2, CG2) for 28-day observation period, then challenged with JW-4 on the 28th day. The inactivated vaccine enhanced total and specific IgM to A. veronii levels of the fish, resulting in a relative percentage survival of 75% in IG. These findings provide a foundation for identifying pathogenic bacteria and developing more effective prophylactic strategies in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefan Guo
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoqi Tang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xicheng Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mi Jiang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qinglin Yang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhengli Wu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Li J, Wu H, Xu W, Wang Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Li Y, Shi C, Bergmann SM, Mo X, Wang Q, Yin J. Development of a rapid and sensitive reverse transcription real-time quantitative PCR assay for detection and quantification of grass carp reovirus II. J Virol Methods 2023; 312:114663. [PMID: 36455690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic disease of grass carp, which is induced by grass carp reovirus II (GCRV-II), leads to mass mortality in grass carp culture and causes enormous economic loss. However, there is currently no quantitative analysis method for the detection of GCRV-II, which is greatly restricted the etiological and epidemiological study of the disease. In this study a reverse transcription TaqMan PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was developed for the quantitative detection of GCRV-II. The probe and primers targeted location is the segment 6 (S6) region of the GCRV-II genome which is highly conserved. Standard curves were drawn and criteria were confirmed after the determination of the optimum reaction conditions. The species-specific assay showed that the method is highly specific and has no cross reactions with other pathogens. The assay was sufficiently sensitive to detect as low as 10 copies of virus RNA. Moreover, the method has a very good repeatability for batches and inter-batches sample detection. Then the method was applied to detect the virus in tissue samples from clinically infected grass carp, compared with conventional RT-seminested PCR, the RT-qPCR represents a specific value for detection rate of positive samples. In summary, the RT-qPCR was applied and achieved high sensitivity and specificity for GCRV-II detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Huiliang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Wei Xu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Cunbin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Xubing Mo
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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Wang N, Li J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang D, Shi C, Li Y, Bergmann SM, Mo X, Yin J, Wang Q. Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Expressing Grass Carp Reovirus VP6 Induces Mucosal Immunity Against Grass Carp Reovirus Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914010. [PMID: 35634331 PMCID: PMC9132009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass carp haemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus II is a serious disease of the aquaculture industry and vaccination is the only effective method of GCRV protection. In this study, Lactococcus lactis was used as oral vaccine delivery to express the GCRV II VP6 protein. We evaluated the protective efficacy of the live vaccine strain to induce mucosal immune protection. After oral administration, the recombinant strains remained in the hindgut for antigen presentation and increased the survival rate 46.7% and the relative percent survival 42.9%, respectively versus control vaccination. Though L. lactis alone can induce the inflammatory response by stimulating the mucosal immune system, the recombinant L. lactis expressing VP6 greatly enhanced nonspecific immune responses via expression of immune related genes of the fish. Furthermore, both systemic and mucosal immunity was elicited following oral immunization with the recombinant strain and this strain also elicited an inflammatory response and cellular immunity to enhance the protective effect. L. lactis can therefore be utilized as a mucosal immune vector to trigger high levels of immune protection in fish at both the systemic and mucosal levels. L. lactis is a promising candidate for oral vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Defeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunbin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Xubing Mo
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Xu C, Yang J, Cao J, Jiang N, Zhou Y, Zeng L, Zhong Q, Fan Y. The quantitative proteomic analysis of rare minnow, Gobiocypris rarus, infected with virulent and attenuated isolates of grass carp reovirus genotype Ⅱ. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 123:142-151. [PMID: 35219830 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus genotype Ⅱ (GCRV II) causes severe hemorrhagic disease in grass carp and affects the aquaculture industry in China. GCRV Ⅱ isolates have been collected from different epidemic areas in China, and these isolates can lead to different degrees of hemorrhagic symptoms in grass carp. Rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) is widely used as a model fish to study the mechanism of hemorrhagic disease because of its high sensitivity to GCRV. In this study, the protein levels in the spleen of rare minnow after infection with GCRV virulent isolate JZ809 and attenuated isolate XT422 were investigated using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics. 109 and 50 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the virulent and attenuated infection groups were obtained, respectively, among which 40 DEPs were identified in both groups. Combining protein expression profiling with gene ontology (GO) annotation, the responses of rare minnow to the two genotypes GCRV Ⅱ in terms of upregulated proteins were similar, focusing on ATP synthesis, in which ATP can serve as a "danger" signal to activate an immunoreaction in eukaryotes. Meanwhile, the virulent genotype JZ809 induced more immunoproteins and increased the levels of ubiquitin-proteasome system members to adapt to virus infection. However, together with a persistent and excessive inflammatory response and declining carbon metabolism, rare minnow presented more severe hemorrhagic disease and mortality after infection with virulent JZ809 than with attenuated XT422. The results provide a valuable information that will increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of viruses with different levels of virulence and the mechanism of interaction between the virus and host. Furthermore, the 6 proteins that were only significantly upregulated in the XT422 infection group all belonged to cluster 2, and 28 of 30 proteins that were only upregulated in JZ809 infection group were clustered into cluster 1. For the downregulated proteins, all DEPs in the XT422 infection group were clustered into cluster 4, and 25 of 39 proteins that were only significantly downregulated in the JZ809 infection group belonged to cluster 3. The results indicated that the DEPs in the attenuated XT422 infection group might be sensitive and their abundance changed more quickly when fish experienced virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - JiaJia Cao
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Qiwang Zhong
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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