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Izaguirre N, Erdocia X, Labidi J. Exploring chemical reactions to enhance thermal and dispersion stability of kraft and organosolv lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130518. [PMID: 38428757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Lignin has been overlooked and used as a waste for long due to its complex and partially hydrophobic structure. Many efforts have been carried out to overcome these deficiencies and apply it as a high-value product, which are insufficient to reach the full potential of lignin in various advanced applications, since they require with procedures for the obtaining of more specific and fine-tuned chemical structures. This work focuses on the obtaining of differently structured hydrophilic lignins derived both from Kraft and organosolv isolation processes. The chemical structures of the different lignin types were studied, and the effect of the structural differences in the modification processes and their subsequent properties analyzed, valorizing their potential application for diverse purposes. The carboxymethylation and sulfomethylation reactions were carried out with the aim of enhancing the polarity of the lignin samples, while the methylation reaction aimed to obtain lignins with higher stability. The physicochemical analyses of the samples, carried out by FTIR, GPC, 31P NMR, 13C NMR, and HSQC NMR, verified the effectiveness of the chemical reactions and conditions selected, obtaining lignins with lower hydroxyl content, due to their substitution and insertion of carboxymetyl, sulfomethyl and methyl groups, therefore obtaining more condensed, aromatic and oxygenated aromatic carbon structures. While the methylation reaction was the most efficient in substituting the OH groups, due to its non-selectivity, OL showed higher modification yields than KL. In terms of the thermal and morphological properties, analyzed by DLS and TGA respectively, it was observed that the modified samples showed lower Z potential values, along with higher conductivity, being the sulfomethylated organosolv lignin the one showing the best results, which was also the one with the smallest particle size and polydispersity index. Finally, all the modified samples showed higher T50% values, suggesting a better stability towards degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagore Izaguirre
- Biorefinery Processes Research Group, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Xabier Erdocia
- Biorefinery Processes Research Group, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Rafael Moreno "Pichichi" 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jalel Labidi
- Biorefinery Processes Research Group, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia, Spain.
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Chen K, Liu E, Yuan S, Zhang B. Silver Ions Drive Ordered Self-Assembly Mechanisms and Inherent Properties of Lignin Nanoflowers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3541. [PMID: 37688167 PMCID: PMC10489698 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing anisotropic lignin-based particles and promoting the high-value utilization of lignin have nowadays drawn much attention from scientists. However, systematic studies addressing the self-assembly mechanisms of anisotropic lignin-based particles are scarce. In this work, an interaction including the electrostatic forces and chelating forces between lignin and Ag+ was regulated via carboxymethylation modification. Subsequently, the aggregation morphology of carboxymethylated lignin in a Ag+ solution was observed via SEM. The result showed that a large number of Ag+ intercalated into the lignin molecules when the grafting degree of the carboxyl groups increased from 0.17 mmol/g to 0.53 mmol/g, which caused the lignin molecules to gradually transform from disordered blocks to ordered layers. Dynamics research indicated that the adsorption process of Ag+ in carboxymethylated lignin conforms to the Pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The saturated adsorption amount of Ag+ in the carboxymethylated lignin reached 1981.7 mg/g when the grafting rate of carboxyl groups increased to 0.53 mmol/g, which then fully intercalated into lignin molecules and formed a layered structure. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the thermal adsorption process conforms to the Langmuir model, which indicates that Ag+ is monolayer-adsorbed and intercalated into lignin molecules. Meanwhile, the ΔH values are more than 0, which suggests that this adsorption process is a endothermic reaction and that a higher temperature is conducive to an adsorption reaction. Therefore, self-assembly of lignin in a Ag+ solution under 70 °C is more conducive to the formation of a nanoflower structure, which is consistent with our experimental result. Finally, pH-responsive Pickering emulsions were successfully prepared using a lignin-based nanoflowers, which demonstrated their potential as a catalytic platform in the interface catalysis field. This work offers a deeper understanding into the formation mechanism of anisotropic lignin-based nanoflowers and hopes to be helpful for designing and preparing anisotropic lignin-based particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- College or Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Cleaning Technology & Detergent of Zhejiang Province, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Encheng Liu
- College or Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shengrong Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing 312000, China;
| | - Baoquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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3
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Du B, Chai L, Zheng Q, Liu Y, Wang X, Chen X, Zhai S, Zhou J, Sun RC. Designed synthesis of multifunctional lignin-based adsorbent for efficient heavy metal ions removal and electromagnetic wave absorption. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123668. [PMID: 36796567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional lignin-based adsorbents, which have shown great application prospect, have attracted widespread attention. Herein, a series of multifunctional lignin-based magnetic recyclable adsorbents were prepared from carboxymethylated lignin (CL), which was rich in carboxyl group (-COOH). After optimizing the mass ratio of CL to Fe3O4, the prepared CL/Fe3O4 (3:1) adsorbent showed efficient adsorption capacities for heavy metal ions. The kinetic and isotherm nonlinear fitting studies revealed that the adsorption process followed the second-order kinetic and Langmuir models, and the maximum adsorption capacities (Qmax) of CL/Fe3O4 (3:1) magnetic recyclable adsorbent for Pb2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions reached 189.85, 124.43 and 106.97 mg/g, respectively. Meanwhile, after 6 cycles, the adsorption capacities of CL/Fe3O4 (3:1) for Pb2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions could keep at 87.4 %, 83.4 % and 82.3 %, respectively. In addition, CL/Fe3O4 (3:1) also exhibited excellent electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) performance with a reflection loss (RL) of -28.65 dB at 6.96 GHz under the thickness of 4.5 mm, and its effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) achieved 2.24 GHz (6.08-8.32 GHz). In short, the prepared multifunctional CL/Fe3O4 (3:1) magnetic recyclable adsorbent with outstanding adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions and superior EMWA capability opens a new avenue for the diversified utilization of lignin and lignin-based adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Du
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Lanfang Chai
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Shangru Zhai
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China.
| | - Jinghui Zhou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China.
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Zhu Y, Yang TX, Qi BK, Li H, Zhao QS, Zhao B. Acidic and alkaline deep eutectic solvents (DESs) pretreatment of grapevine: Component analysis, characterization, lignin structural analysis, and antioxidant properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123977. [PMID: 36906200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been extensively applied to pretreat lignocellulose; however, comparative research on acidic and alkaline DES pretreatment is relatively lacking. Herein, pretreatment of grapevine agricultural by-products with seven DESs were compared in terms of removal of lignin and hemicellulose and component analysis of the pretreated residues. Among the tested DESs, both acidic choline chloride-lactic (CHCl-LA), and alkaline potassium carbonate-ethylene glycol (K2CO3-EG) were effective in delignification. Thereafter, the CHCl-LA and K2CO3-EG extracted lignin was compared by analyzing their physicochemical structure changes and antioxidant properties. The results showed that the thermal stability, molecular weight, and phenol hydroxyl percentage of CHCl-LA lignin were inferior to K2CO3-EG lignin. It was found that the high antioxidant activity of K2CO3-EG lignin was mainly attributed to the abundant phenol hydroxyl, guaiacyl (G), and para-hydroxy-phenyl (H). By comparing acidic and alkaline DES pretreatments and their lignin nuances in biorefining, novel insights are derived for the scheduling and selection of DES for lignocellulosic pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tian-Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; Department of Biomedicine, Beijing City University, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Ben-Kun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Zhang H, Yue F, Hu S, Qi H, Lu F. Nanolignin-based high internal phase emulsions for efficient protection of curcumin against UV degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:178-185. [PMID: 36529212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As an emulsifier, lignin exhibits excellent UV resistance on drug-loaded emulsion systems for drug delivery. However, due to the structural variation and complexity of lignins from various origins, their UV shielding performance varies with the techniques for lignin extraction, which impacts properties and the protection efficiency of lignin-based HIPEs (high internal phase emulsions). In this work, lignin nanoparticles, prepared from three lignin preparations of Eucalyptus, were used in HIPEs delivery systems to protect curcumin from degradation by UV radiation. Structures of the lignin preparations were characterized using 2D HSQC (heteronuclear single-quantum coherence) NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), 31P NMR, and GPC (gel permeation chromatography). The residual curcumin level after 36 h UV exposure in the nanolignin-based HIPEs was over 72 %, much higher than that (< 10 % after 24 h UV exposure) in the oil phase without lignin, indicating that the nanolignin-based HIPEs with enhanced UV shielding ability protect curcumin better. Of the three lignin preparations, AL (alkali lignin), with the lowest molecular weight, highest contents of phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, and highest S/G ratio, displayed the best anti-UV radiation ability and the most uniform nanoparticle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fengxia Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Songnan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Haisong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fachuang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; DOE The Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
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6
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Wang QM, Liu ZH, Lü QF. Lignin modified Ti3C2Tx assisted construction of functionalized interface for separation of oil/water mixture and dye wastewater. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Han S, Cui F, McClements DJ, Ma C, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu X, Liu F. Enhancing emulsion stability and performance using dual-fibrous complexes: Whey protein fibrils and cellulose nanocrystals. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rizal S, Alfatah T, Abdul Khalil HPS, Yahya EB, Abdullah CK, Mistar EM, Ikramullah I, Kurniawan R, Bairwan RD. Enhanced Functional Properties of Bioplastic Films Using Lignin Nanoparticles from Oil Palm-Processing Residue. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:5126. [PMID: 36501521 PMCID: PMC9740209 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of bioplastic materials that are biobased and/or degradable is commonly presented as an alleviating alternative, offering sustainable and eco-friendly properties over conventional petroleum-derived plastics. However, the hydrophobicity, water barrier, and antimicrobial properties of bioplastics have hindered their utilization in packaging applications. In this study, lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) with a purification process were used in different loadings as enhancements in a Kappaphycus alvarezii matrix to reduce the hydrophilic nature and improve antibacterial properties of the matrix and compared with unpurified LNPs. The influence of the incorporation of LNPs on functional properties of bioplastic films, such as morphology, surface roughness, structure, hydrophobicity, water barrier, antimicrobial, and biodegradability, was studied and found to be remarkably enhanced. Bioplastic film containing 5% purified LNPs showed the optimum enhancement in almost all of the ultimate performances. The enhancement is related to strong interfacial interaction between the LNPs and matrix, resulting in high compatibility of films. Bioplastic films could have additional advantages and provide breakthroughs in packaging materials for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samsul Rizal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Tata Alfatah
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - H. P. S. Abdul Khalil
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Esam Bashir Yahya
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - C. K. Abdullah
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Eka Marya Mistar
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Ikramullah Ikramullah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Kurniawan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - R. D. Bairwan
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
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Komisarz K, Majka TM, Kurczab M, Pielichowski K. Synthesis and Characterization of Thermally Stable Lignosulfonamides. Molecules 2022; 27:7231. [PMID: 36364069 PMCID: PMC9659201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin, a highly aromatic macromolecule building plant cells, and cellulose are two of the most commonly occurring natural polymers. Lignosulfonate is a grade of technical lignin, obtained as a by-product in the paper and wood pulping industries, a result of the used lignin isolation method, i.e., sulfite process. In this work, sodium lignosulfonate is used as a starting material to manufacture sulfonamide derivatives of lignin in a two-step modification procedure. Since this direction of the lignin modification is rather rarely investigated and discussed, it makes a good starting point to expand the state of knowledge and explore the properties of lignosulfonamides. Materials obtained after modification underwent characterization by FTIR, SS-NMR, WAXD, SEM, and TGA. Spectroscopic measurements confirmed the incorporation of dihexylamine into the lignin structure and the formation of lignosulfonamide. The crystalline structure of the material was not affected by the modification procedure, as evidenced by the WAXD, with only minute morphological changes of the surface visible on the SEM imaging. The obtained materials were characterized by improved parameters of thermal stability in relation to the raw material. As-prepared sulfonamide lignin derivatives with a potential application as a filler in biopolymeric composites may become a new class of functional, value-added, sustainable additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Komisarz
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
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Cassoni AC, Costa P, Vasconcelos MW, Pintado M. Systematic review on lignin valorization in the agro-food system: From sources to applications. J Environ Manage 2022; 317:115258. [PMID: 35751227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable resource on earth and currently most of this biomass is considered a low-value waste. Specifically, lignin is an underrated bioresource that is mostly burned for energy production and few value-added products have been created. Since the agro-food industry produces large amounts of wastes that can be potential sources of high-quality lignin, scientific efforts should be directed to this industry. Thus, this review provides a systematic overview of the trends and evolution of research on agro-food system-derived lignin (from 2010 to 2020), including the extraction of lignin from various agro-food sources and emergent applications of lignin in the agro-food chain. Crops with the highest average production/year (n = 26) were selected as potential lignin sources. The extraction process efficiency (yield) and lignin purity were used as indicators of the raw material potential. Overall, it is notable that research interest on agro-food lignin has increased exponentially over the years, both as source (567%) and application (128%). Wheat, sugarcane, and maize are the most studied sources and are the ones that render the highest lignin yields. As for the extraction methods used, alkaline and organosolv methods are the most employed (∼50%). The main reported applications are related to lignin incorporation in polymers (∼55%) and as antioxidant (∼24%). Studies on agro-food system-derived lignin is of most importance since there are numerous possible sources that are yet to be fully valorized and many promising applications that need to be further developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Cassoni
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Costa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta W Vasconcelos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal.
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Chen K, Zhou X, Wang D, Li J, Qi D. Synthesis and characterization of a broad-spectrum TiO2@lignin UV-protection agent with high antioxidant and emulsifying activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Komisarz K, Majka TM, Pielichowski K. Chemical Transformation of Lignosulfonates to Lignosulfonamides with Improved Thermal Characteristics. Fibers 2022; 10:20. [DOI: 10.3390/fib10020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an abundantly occurring aromatic biopolymer that receives increasing attention as, e.g., a biofiller in polymer composites. Though its structure depends on the plant source, it is a valuable component showing biodegradability, antioxidant, and ultra-violet (UV) absorption properties. Lignosulfonates, a by-product of the paper and pulping industries formed as a result of the implementation of the sulfite process, have been used in the presented study as a raw material to obtain a sulfonamide derivative of lignin. Hereby, a two-step modification procedure is described. The obtained materials were investigated by means of FTIR, WAXD, SS-NMR, SEM, and TGA; the results of spectroscopic investigations confirm the formation of a sulfonamide derivative of lignin via the proposed modification method. The obtained modified lignin materials showed significantly improved thermal stability in comparison with the raw material. The internal structure of the lignosulfonate was not altered during the modification process, with only slight changes of the morphology, as confirmed by the WAXD and SEM analyses. The manufactured sulfonamide lignin derivatives show great promise in the potential application as an antibacterial filler in advanced biopolymeric composites.
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ZHOU M, LI F, CHEN J, WU Q, ZOU Z. Research progress on natural bio-based encapsulation system of curcumin and its stabilization mechanism. Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.78422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man ZHOU
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Fuli LI
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Jie CHEN
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
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Chen K, Yuan S, Wang D, Liu Y, Chen F, Qi D. Basic Amino Acid-Modified Lignin-Based Biomass Adjuvants: Synthesis, Emulsifying Activity, Ultraviolet Protection, and Controlled Release of Avermectin. Langmuir 2021; 37:12179-12187. [PMID: 34632776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Avermectin (AVM) is a highly effective and safe biopesticide but is very sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light and exhibits poor water solubility. Developing green and multifunctional adjuvants is important for the protection and controlled release of AVM. In this work, a number of water-soluble enzymatic hydrolysis lignins (W-EHLs) were prepared via grafting basic amino acids and used as emulsifiers with co-surfactants to prepare high-internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). The results showed that W-EHLs with co-surfactants could be prepared with HIPEs that contained 90 vol % green oil phases such as turpentine, and the stability of the HIPEs first increased and then decreased when the rate of grafting of basic amino acids on lignin increased from 0.26 to 1.46 mmol/g. The more polar oil droplets were less deformable due to their higher viscosity, thereby affording a stability advantage to HIPEs. Subsequently, the relations between the stability and interfacial viscoelasticity of the emulsion were effectively correlated by interfacial rheology, droplet size, and physical stability tests. The results showed that HIPEs with smaller droplets had poor fluidity and strong interfacial viscoelasticity due to their higher droplet packing density, which resulted in good macroscopic stability. Like the AVM carrier, the retention rate of AVM in HIPEs was 80.1% after UV radiation for 72 h, which represented the highest UV protection efficiency in AVM delivery systems. The release curves showed that the rate of release of AVM from HIPEs was adjusted by controlling the pH value of the medium. In addition, the release of HIPEs is completely in accord with both diffusion and the matrix erosion mechanism. The strategy could be extended to other sensitive pesticides and used to promote the development of sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- College or Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shengrong Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College or Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yinli Liu
- College or Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fengfeng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Dongming Qi
- College or Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Chen K, Yuan S, Wang D, Qi D, Chen F, Qiu X. Curcumin-loaded high internal phase emulsions stabilized with lysine modified lignin: a biological agent with high photothermal protection and antibacterial properties. Food Funct 2021; 12:7469-7479. [PMID: 34196335 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00128k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections and multidrug resistance can seriously endanger the health and lives of humans, therefore the development of novel and efficient antibacterial strategies and drugs is urgently needed. Herein, a series of highly biocompatible lysine modified enzymatic hydrolysis lignins (EHL-Lys-x) were synthesized using the Mannich reaction. The sterilizing efficiency of EHL-Lys-2.0 against S. aureus and E. coli at 20 mg mL-1 is 93% and 50%, respectively, which is 26% higher than pure EHL. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showed that the adsorption and adhesive force between EHL-Lys-x and bacteria increase with the increased amount of grafting of Lys on EHL owing to the increase of the electrostatic interaction between the EHL-Lys-x and bacteria, which results in an improvement in the antimicrobial activity of EHL-Lys-x. Subsequently, EHL-Lys-x combined with alkyl polyglucoside (APG) was used to stabilize the high internal phase emulsion containing curcumin (HIPEs-cur). The dispersed phase fraction of HIPE-cur is 87 vol%, which is the highest internal phase reported to date in the medical research area. The highest residual levels of curcumin in HIPEs are 60-fold, 3-fold and 5-fold compared to that in bulk oil after treatment with UV radiation, thermal emittance and after storage, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of HIPEs-cur against S. aureus and E. coli were found to be 1.56 and 6.25 mg mL-1, respectively, which are far higher than that of pure EHL-Lys-x. This strategy not only increases the chemical stability and bioavailability of curcumin, but also provides a novel method for the application of lignin in biomedical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- College or Textile Science and Engineering (International institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Chen K, Qian Y, Wang C, Yang D, Qiu X, Binks BP. Tumor microenvironment-responsive, high internal phase Pickering emulsions stabilized by lignin/chitosan oligosaccharide particles for synergistic cancer therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 591:352-62. [PMID: 33618293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The stability of anti-cancer drugs and the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) caused by drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are two major challenges of combination chemotherapy. In this work, hydrophilic drug loaded lignin-based nanoparticles were applied to stabilize high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) containing hydrophobic drug in the oil phase, which not only improved the stability of anti-cancer drugs, but also reduced the risk of DDIs. EXPERIMENTS Highly biocompatible enzymatic hydrolysis lignin/chitosan oligosaccharide (EHL/COS-x) nanoparticles were prepared and used to load hydrophilic cytarabine (Ara-C). The morphology, loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency and emulsifying properties of nanoparticles were characterized and predicted. Subsequently, these nanoparticles were applied to stabilize HIPPEs with soybean oil containing hydrophobic curcumin as dispersed phase. The effects of the morphology, amphipathy and concentration of nanoparticles and oil/water ratio on the microstructure and stability of HIPPEs were investigated. Meanwhile, the controlled release, protective performance, cytotoxicity and bio-activity of HIPPEs were also evaluated. FINDINGS EHL/COS-x nanoparticles loaded with Ara-C could stabilize HIPEs with 85 vol% soybean oil containing curcumin. The two drugs were separately loaded in same delivery system, which effectively lowered the risk of DDIs. Meanwhile, HIPPEs provided outstanding UV, thermal and oxidation protection for these two environmentally sensitive anti-cancer drugs. In addition, HIPPEs displayed a good pH-responsive release in a tumor environment. In vitro experiments show that the killing efficiency of two drugs co-loaded HIPPEs against the leukemia cell is two times higher than that of single drug loaded systems. This strategy can be extended to the synergistic therapy of two or more drugs with different physicochemical properties.
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Zhao ZM, Liu ZH, Pu Y, Meng X, Xu J, Yuan JS, Ragauskas AJ. Emerging Strategies for Modifying Lignin Chemistry to Enhance Biological Lignin Valorization. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:5423-5432. [PMID: 32750220 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological lignin valorization represents a promising approach contributing to sustainable and economic biorefineries. The low level of valuable lignin-derived products remains a major challenge hindering the implementation of microbial lignin conversion. Lignin's properties play a significant role in determining the efficiency of lignin bioconversion. To date, despite significant progress in the development of biomass pretreatment, lignin fractionation, and fermentation over the last few decades, little efforts have gone into identifying the ideal lignin substrates for an efficient microbial metabolism. In this Minireview, emerging and state-of-the-art strategies for biomass pretreatment and lignin fractionation are summarized to elaborate their roles in modifying lignin structure for bioconversion. Fermentation strategies aimed at enhancing lignin depolymerization for microbial utilization are systematically reviewed as well. With an improved understanding of the ideal lignin structure elucidated by comprehensive metabolic pathways and/or big data analysis, modifying lignin chemistry could be more directional and effective. Ultimately, together with the progress of fermentation process optimization, biological lignin valorization will become more competitive in biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Min Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Controlling and Wastes Recycling, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Zhi-Hua Liu
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub (SSBiH), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jifei Xu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Controlling and Wastes Recycling, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Joshua S Yuan
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub (SSBiH), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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