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Obeagu EI, Obeagu GU, Ubosi NI, Uzoma IC, Tayrab EMA. Concurrent management of HIV and malaria: A comprehensive review of strategies to enhance quality of life. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37649. [PMID: 38579091 PMCID: PMC10994515 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The co-occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus and malaria presents a complex medical scenario, significantly impacting the quality of life for affected individuals. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge, challenges, and strategies concerning the concurrent management of these infections to improve overall well-being. Epidemiological insights reveal the prevalence and demographic trends, highlighting geographical areas of concern and socioeconomic factors contributing to the burden of co-infection. Pathophysiological interactions elucidate the compounding effects, altering disease progression and treatment outcomes. Healthcare challenges underscore the necessity for integrated care models, evaluating existing healthcare frameworks and their efficacy in addressing dual infections. In-depth analysis of interventions explores pharmacological, behavioral, and preventive measures, evaluating their efficacy and safety in co-infected individuals. Additionally, the review assesses psychosocial support mechanisms, emphasizing community-based interventions and peer networks in enhancing holistic care. Consideration is given to the role of antiretroviral therapy, malaria prevention strategies, and the evolving landscape of healthcare delivery in optimizing outcomes for this vulnerable population. The paper concludes by emphasizing the significance of multidisciplinary approaches and integrated care models, stressing the need for continued research and collaborative efforts to advance interventions and improve the quality of life for those navigating the complexities of human immunodeficiency virus and malaria co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nwanganga Ihuoma Ubosi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Open University of Nigeria, Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma Chinwe Uzoma
- Molecular-Hematology and Immuno Genetics Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Eltayeb Mohamed Ahmed Tayrab
- Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
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2
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Vega V, Cabrera-Sanchez J, Rodríguez S, Verdonck K, Seas C, Otero L, Van der Stuyft P. Risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis recurrence, relapse and reinfection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Respir Res 2024; 11:e002281. [PMID: 38479821 PMCID: PMC10941165 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-002281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) recurrence is substantial. Identifying risk factors can support the development of prevention strategies. METHODS We retrieved studies published between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 2022 that assessed factors associated with undifferentiated TB recurrence, relapse or reinfection. For factors reported in at least four studies, we performed random-effects meta-analysis to estimate a pooled relative risk (RR). We assessed heterogeneity, risk of publication bias and certainty of evidence. RESULTS We included 85 studies in the review; 81 documented risk factors for undifferentiated recurrence, 17 for relapse and 10 for reinfection. The scope for meta-analyses was limited given the wide variety of factors studied, inconsistency in control for confounding and the fact that only few studies employed molecular genotyping. Factors that significantly contributed to moderately or strongly increased pooled risk and scored at least moderate certainty of evidence were: for undifferentiated recurrence, multidrug resistance (MDR) (RR 3.49; 95% CI 1.86 to 6.53) and fixed-dose combination TB drugs (RR 2.29; 95% CI 1.10 to 4.75) in the previous episode; for relapse, none; and for reinfection, HIV infection (RR 4.65; 95% CI 1.71 to 12.65). Low adherence to treatment increased the pooled risk of recurrence 3.3-fold (95% CI 2.37 to 4.62), but the certainty of evidence was weak. CONCLUSION This review emphasises the need for standardising methods for TB recurrence research. Actively pursuing MDR prevention, facilitating retention in treatment and providing integrated care for patients with HIV could curb recurrence rates. The use of fixed-dose combinations of TB drugs under field conditions merits further attention. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018077867.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Vega
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Sharon Rodríguez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Kristien Verdonck
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Carlos Seas
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Tropicales y Dermatológicas, Hospital Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Larissa Otero
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Lima, Peru
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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3
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Vaid A, Rastogi N, Doherty TM, San Martin P, Chugh Y. Review of the unmet medical need for vaccination in adults with immunocompromising conditions: An Indian perspective. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2224186. [PMID: 37402477 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2224186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromised (IC) populations are at increased risk of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). In India, the concern of VPDs in IC populations is particularly acute due to the prevalence of crowded living situations, poor sanitation and variable access to healthcare services. We present a narrative review of IC-related disease and economic burden, risk of VPDs and vaccination guidelines, based on global and India-specific literature (2000-2022). IC conditions considered were cancer, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, respiratory disorders, disorders treated with immunosuppressive therapy, and human immune deficiency virus (HIV). The burden of IC populations in India is comparable to the global population, except for cancer and HIV, which have lower prevalence compared with the global average. Regional and socioeconomic inequalities exist in IC prevalence; VPDs add to the burden of IC conditions, especially in lower income strata. Adult vaccination programs could improve health and reduce the economic impact of VPDs in IC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Vaid
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Medanta Cancer Institute, Gurugram, India
| | - Neha Rastogi
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and BMT, Medanta Cancer Institute, Gurugram, India
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Shafiq M, Zafar S, Ahmad A, Kazmi A, Fatima A, Mujahid TA, Qazi R, Akhter N, Shahzad A, Rehman SU, Shereen MA, Hyder MZ. Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Outcome in HIV-Infected Patients Coinfected with Tuberculosis in Pakistan. Biomed Res Int 2023; 2023:4187488. [PMID: 37124927 PMCID: PMC10132892 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4187488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus- (HIV-) infected patients is considered a risk of antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure. Coadministration of antitubercular therapy (ATT) with ART is another challenge for TB management. Objective The study was aimed at investigating contributing factors affecting treatment outcomes in HIV-/TB-coinfected patients. Design Cross-sectional. Setting. Samples were collected from the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital Islamabad. Subject and Methods. Clinicodemographic and immunovirological factors between the two groups were compared. The Student t-test and chi-square test were applied to compare outcome variables, and logistic regression was applied to determine the effect of TB on virological failure (VF). Main Outcome Measures. TB coinfection did not increase VF even in univariate (p = 0.974) and multivariate analysis at 6 and 12 months of 2nd-line ART start. ARV switching was significant (p = 0.033) in TB-coinfected patients. VF was significantly high in ATT-coadministered patients along with a viral load of ≥1000 (p = 0.000). Sample Size and Characteristics. We recruited seventy-four HIV patients on 2nd-line ART; 33 coinfected with TB were followed for at least 12 months. Conclusion In HIV-/TB-coinfected patients, CD4 count, CD4 gain, and VF remained comparable to HIV patients with no TB infection. ATT significantly affects the treatment outcome, suggesting drug-to-drug interactions. These factors are important to revisit the therapeutic guidelines to maximize the benefit of dual therapy in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Zafar
- Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abeer Kazmi
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Alina Fatima
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanvir Ahmed Mujahid
- Dermatology Department, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Kharian, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Qazi
- Pakistan Institute of Medical Science (PIMS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Akhter
- Pakistan Institute of Medical Science (PIMS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Carroll A, Maung Maung B, Htun WPP, Watthanaworawit W, Vincenti-Delmas M, Smith C, Sonnenberg P, Nosten F. High burden of childhood tuberculosis in migrants: a retrospective cohort study from the Thailand-Myanmar border. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:608. [PMID: 35818023 PMCID: PMC9275033 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children but epidemiological data are scarce, particularly for hard-to-reach populations. We aimed to identify the risk factors for unsuccessful outcome and TB mortality in migrant children at a supportive residential TB programme on the Thailand-Myanmar border. METHODS We conducted retrospective analysis of routine programmatic data for children (aged ≤ 15 years old) with TB diagnosed either clinically or bacteriologically between 2013 and 2018. Treatment outcomes were described and risk factors for unsuccessful outcome and death were identified using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Childhood TB accounted for a high proportion of all TB diagnoses at this TB programme (398/2304; 17.3%). Bacteriological testing was done on a quarter (24.9%) of the cohort and most children were diagnosed on clinical grounds (94.0%). Among those enrolled on treatment (n = 367), 90.5% completed treatment successfully. Unsuccessful treatment outcomes occurred in 42/398 (10.6%) children, comprising 26 (6.5%) lost to follow-up, one (0.3%) treatment failure and 15 (3.8%) deaths. In multivariable analysis, extra-pulmonary TB [adjusted OR (aOR) 3.56 (95% CI 1.12-10.98)], bacteriologically confirmed TB [aOR 6.07 (1.68-21.92)] and unknown HIV status [aOR 42.29 (10.00-178.78)] were independent risk factors for unsuccessful outcome. HIV-positive status [aOR 5.95 (1.67-21.22)] and bacteriological confirmation [aOR 9.31 (1.97-44.03)] were risk factors for death in the secondary analysis. CONCLUSIONS Children bear a substantial burden of TB disease within this migrant population. Treatment success rate exceeded the WHO End TB target of 90%, suggesting that similar vulnerable populations could benefit from the enhanced social support offered by this TB programme, but better child-friendly diagnostics are needed to improve the quality of diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Carroll
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK.
| | - Banyar Maung Maung
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Win Pa Pa Htun
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Wanitda Watthanaworawit
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Michele Vincenti-Delmas
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Colette Smith
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Pam Sonnenberg
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Francois Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
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Tegegne AS, Minwagaw MT. Risk Factors for the Development of Tuberculosis Among HIV-Positive Adults Under Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at Government Hospitals in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:3031-3041. [PMID: 35313549 PMCID: PMC8934160 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s358517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Awoke Seyoum Tegegne
- Department of Statistics, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Awoke Seyoum Tegegne, Department of Statistics, Bahir Dar University, Po. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Tel +251 918779451, Fax + 251 2205927, Email
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Setianingrum F, Rozaliyani A, Adawiyah R, Syam R, Tugiran M, Sari CYI, Nandipinto F, Ramnath J, Arifin AR, Handayani D, Burhan E, Rumende M, Wahyuningsih R, Rautemaa-Richardson R, Denning DW. A prospective longitudinal study of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia (APICAL). Thorax 2021; 77:821-828. [PMID: 34848556 PMCID: PMC9340040 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) can complicate recovery from pulmonary TB. CPA may also be misdiagnosed as bacteriologically negative TB. This study aimed to determine the incidence of CPA in patients treated for TB in Indonesia, a country with a high incidence of TB. Methods In this prospective, longitudinal cohort study in patients treated for pulmonary TB, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings were analysed. Sputum was collected for fungal culture and TB PCR. Patients were assessed at baseline (0–8 weeks) and at the end (5–6 months) of TB therapy. CPA diagnosis was based on symptoms (≥3 months), characteristic radiological features and positive Aspergillus serology, and categorised as proven, probable and possible. Results Of the 216 patients recruited, 128 (59%) were followed up until end of TB therapy. At baseline, 91 (42%) had microbiological evidence for TB. Aspergillus-specific IgG was positive in 64 (30%) patients and went from negative to positive in 16 (13%) patients during TB therapy. The incidence rates of proven and probable CPA at baseline were 6% (n=12) and 2% (n=5) and end of TB therapy 8% (n=10) and 5% (n=7), respectively. Six patients (two with confirmed TB) developed an aspergilloma. Diabetes mellitus was a significant risk factor for CPA (p=0.040). Persistent cough (n=5, 50%; p=0.005) and fatigue (n=6, 60%; p=0.001) were the most common symptoms in CPA. Conclusion CPA should be considered a relatively frequent differential diagnosis in patients with possible or proven TB in Indonesia. Lack of awareness and limited access to Aspergillus-specific IgG tests and CT imaging are obstacles in establishing a CPA diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Findra Setianingrum
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anna Rozaliyani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Grha Permata Ibu Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.,MH Thamrin Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Robiatul Adawiyah
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ridhawati Syam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mulyati Tugiran
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Johannes Ramnath
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Universitas Kristen Indonesia Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Arief Riadi Arifin
- Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta, Indonesia.,MH Thamrin Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diah Handayani
- Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Erlina Burhan
- Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Martin Rumende
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Dr Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Retno Wahyuningsih
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Riina Rautemaa-Richardson
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,National Aspergillosis Centre and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - David W Denning
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK .,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Endsley JJ, Huante MB, Naqvi KF, Gelman BB, Endsley MA. Advancing our understanding of HIV co-infections and neurological disease using the humanized mouse. Retrovirology 2021; 18:14. [PMID: 34134725 PMCID: PMC8206883 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanized mice have become an important workhorse model for HIV research. Advances that enabled development of a human immune system in immune deficient mouse strains have aided new basic research in HIV pathogenesis and immune dysfunction. The small animal features facilitate development of clinical interventions that are difficult to study in clinical cohorts, and avoid the high cost and regulatory burdens of using non-human primates. The model also overcomes the host restriction of HIV for human immune cells which limits discovery and translational research related to important co-infections of people living with HIV. In this review we emphasize recent advances in modeling bacterial and viral co-infections in the setting of HIV in humanized mice, especially neurological disease, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV co-infections. Applications of current and future co-infection models to address important clinical and research questions are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice J Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| | - Matthew B Huante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Kubra F Naqvi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Benjamin B Gelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Mark A Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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9
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Salehi M, Vahabi N, Pirhoseini H, Zayeri F. Trend analysis and longitudinal clustering of tuberculosis mortality in Asian and North African countries: Results from the global burden of disease 2017 study. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2021; 35:46. [PMID: 34268234 PMCID: PMC8271229 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a serious health problem with a remarkable global burden. In this study, we aimed to assess the trend of TB mortality in Asian and North African countries in the period 1990-2017 and provide a new classification according to TB mortality trend.
Methods: TB mortality rates from 1990 to 2017 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease website for 55 Asian and North African countries. Trend analysis of TB mortality rates for males, females, and the total population was performed using the marginal modeling approach. Moreover, the latent growth mixture modeling (LGMM) framework was applied to classify these 55 countries based on their trend of TB mortality rate.
Results: In the period between 1990 and 2017, South Asia and High Income Asia-Pacific regions had the highest and lowest death rates due to TB, respectively. The marginal modeling results showed that the Asian and North African countries had experienced a downward trend with an intercept of 28.79 (95%CI: 19.64, 37.94) and a slope (mean annual reduction) of -0.67 (95%CI: -0.91, -0.43) per 100,000 the study period. Finally, the LGMM analysis classified these 55 countries into four distinct classes.
Conclusion: In general, our findings revealed that although the countries in Asia and North Africa super region experienced a descending TB mortality trend in the past decades, the slope of this reduction is quite small. Also, our new classification may be better suited for combating TB through future healthcare planning in lieu of the commonly used geographic classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Salehi
- Department of Biostatistics, Health Management and Economics Research Center, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vahabi
- Informatics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hassan Pirhoseini
- Center of Information and Communication Technology, Statistical Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Zayeri
- Proteomics Research Center and Department of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Wu Y, Yang Y, Wei H, Jia L, Jiang T, Tian Y, Guo C, Zhang Y. Mortality predictors among patients with HIV-associated pulmonary tuberculosis in Northeast China: A retrospective cohort analysis. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4901-4907. [PMID: 33788289 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The coexistence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to high morbidity and mortality in these populations. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has decreased TB incidence in HIV-infected patients, this coexistence still prevails in China. Patients with HIV-PTB admitted to Beijing You An Hospital from 2014 to 2018 were retrospectively enrolled, and information on demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory findings were extracted from medical records. Predictors of death, including age (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]: 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.05), tobacco use (AHR: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.54-4.94), history of tuberculosis (AHR: 3.53; 95% CI: 1.82-6.85), not being on ART (AHR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.31-6.63), extrapulmonary tuberculosis (AHR: 2.391; 95% CI: 1.37-4.18), sputum smear positivity (AHR: 2.84; 95% CI: 1.61-4.99), CD4+ T cell count ≤ 50 cells/µl (AHR: 3.45; 95% CI: 1.95-6.10), and initiating ART ≥ 8 weeks after the initiation of antituberculous therapy (odds ratio: 3.30; 95% CI: 1.09-10.04). By contrast, there were no deaths among the six patients who began ART within 8 weeks after the initiation of antituberculous therapy. Age, tobacco use, not being on ART, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, sputum smear positivity, and CD4+ T cell count ≤50 cells/µl predict those patients at high risk of death among HIV-infected patients with PTB, and the time of initiating ART after the initiation of antituberculous therapy is also important for prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, China
| | - Huaying Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, China
| | - Taiyi Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, China
| | - Caiping Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, China
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11
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Hamed MA, Aremu GO, Akhigbe RE. Concomitant administration of HAART aggravates anti-Koch-induced oxidative hepatorenal damage via dysregulation of glutathione and elevation of uric acid production. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111309. [PMID: 33524784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-Koch and HAART have been shown to independently induce toxicity to the liver and kidney, albeit available data are few and inconsistent. The present study evaluates the impact of Anti-Koch and HAART, when administered singly and in combination, on hepatic and renal status, and the possible role of adenine deaminase (ADA)/xanthine oxidase (XO) pathway. Anti-Koch and HAART administration were observed to independently impair hepatic and renal functions, diminish glutathione content, and substantially increase lipid peroxidation (MDA) and nitrogen reactive specie (NO). Coherently, these drugs caused significant accumulation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, up-regulated ADA/XO signaling, increased uric acid production, and enhanced DNA fragmentation in the liver and kidney. Anti-Koch treatment did not significantly alter hepatic and renal levels of nitric oxide nor induce DNA fragmentation in the kidney. Co-administration of anti-Koch and HAART aggravated the observed biochemical alterations. Findings from the histopathological studies of the liver and renal tissues were in agreement with observed biochemical alterations. In conclusion, this report is the first to reveal that anti-Koch and HAART, when administered singly or in combination, attenuate glutathione content and elevate uric acid production in the liver and kidney via upregulation of ADA/XO signaling with resultant oxidative and nitrosative stress, and increased DNA fragmentation.
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Peters JS, Ismail N, Dippenaar A, Ma S, Sherman DR, Warren RM, Kana BD. Genetic Diversity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates and Resulting Outcomes of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease. Annu Rev Genet 2020; 54:511-537. [PMID: 32926793 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-022820-085940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis claims more human lives than any other bacterial infectious disease and represents a clear and present danger to global health as new tools for vaccination, treatment, and interruption of transmission have been slow to emerge. Additionally, tuberculosis presents with notable clinical heterogeneity, which complicates diagnosis, treatment, and the establishment of nonrelapsing cure. How this heterogeneity is driven by the diversity ofclinical isolates of the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has recently garnered attention. Herein, we review advances in the understanding of how naturally occurring variation in clinical isolates affects transmissibility, pathogenesis, immune modulation, and drug resistance. We also summarize how specific changes in transcriptional responses can modulate infection or disease outcome, together with strain-specific effects on gene essentiality. Further understanding of how this diversity of M. tuberculosis isolates affects disease and treatment outcomes will enable the development of more effective therapeutic options and vaccines for this dreaded disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian S Peters
- Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; ,
| | - Nabila Ismail
- Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; ,
| | - Anzaan Dippenaar
- Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; , .,Family Medicine and Population Health (FAMPOP), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium;
| | - Shuyi Ma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA; ,
| | - David R Sherman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA; ,
| | - Robin M Warren
- Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; ,
| | - Bavesh D Kana
- Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; ,
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Khairunisa SQ, Megasari NLA, Indriati DW, Kotaki T, Natalia D, Nasronudin, Kameoka M. Identification of HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance mutations among HIV-1-infected individuals residing in Pontianak, Indonesia. Germs 2020; 10:174-183. [PMID: 33134195 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2020.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The present study investigated the HIV-1 subtype classification in addition to prevalence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced and ART-naïve residents of Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Methods Whole blood samples collected from 30 HIV-1-infected individuals, comprising 19 ART-experienced and 11 ART-naïve individuals, were subjected to RNA and DNA extraction, followed by HIV-1 genes amplification and sequencing analysis. HIV-1 subtyping was classified on viral pol genes encoding reverse transcriptase (RT gene) and protease (PR gene) accompanied by the env and gag genes. DRMs in the RT and PR genes were also analyzed. Results CRF01_AE was identified as the predominant circulating recombinant form (CRF) of HIV-1 in both ART-experienced and ART-naïve individuals. In addition, CRF02_AG, subtype B, recombinant virus expressing CRF01_AE and subtype B viral genomic fragments, also recombinant virus containing CRF01_AE and CRF02_AG genomic fragments were also identified. Acquired drug resistance (ADR) was identified in 28.5% of ART-experienced individuals, while no transmitted drug resistance was identified in ART-naïve individuals. Conclusions This study identified CRF01_AE as the most predominant HIV-1 CRF distributing in Pontianak, Indonesia. The prevalence of ADR is considered to be high; thus, further surveillance is needed in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Qamariyah Khairunisa
- BSc, MSc, Doctoral Program - Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia; Indonesian-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Ni Luh Ayu Megasari
- BSND, MTropMed, PhD, Indonesian-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Wahyu Indriati
- BSc, PhD, Indonesian-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Tomohiro Kotaki
- PhD, Assistant Professor, Division of Global Infectious Diseases, Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan
| | - Diana Natalia
- MD, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Tanjung Pura, Pontianak 78124, Indonesia
| | - Nasronudin
- MD, PhD, Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; Indonesian-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Masanori Kameoka
- PhD, Professor, Division of Global Infectious Diseases, Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan
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Upadhana PS, Iqra HHP, Cahyarini IGAAC, Somia IKA, Anandasari PPY. Correlation Between Clinical Manifestation and Radiological Findings In Pulmonary Tuberculosis-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection Patients In Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia. Curr HIV Res 2020; 18:426-435. [PMID: 32753018 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x18666200804152126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) mono-infection has radiological features and typical clinical manifestations that are easily recognized by clinicians. These radiological features and clinical manifestations are often found to show atypical features in subjects coinfected with Tuberculosis- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), making TB diagnosis and early management challenging to establish. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the clinical and radiological presentation of pulmonary TB patients with HIV coinfection at the Central General Hospital Sanglah, Bali. METHODS This research was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional method. A total of 54 TB-HIV coinfected patients were analyzed to their sociodemographic characteristics, clinical manifestations and chest radiographic features. RESULTS The majority of subjects were of productive age (26-61 years), male (64.8%) and belonged to the heterosexual group (90.7%). Weight loss (75.9%), cough (64.8%) and oral candidiasis (53.7%) are the most common clinical manifestations found in subjects, especially in subjects with CD4+ >200 cells/mm3. Atypical radiological features such as infiltration/consolidation (59.3%), fibrosis (16.7%) and hillar lymphadenopathy (14.8%) are the most commonly obtained radiological features of the subjects. From the results of the bivariate analysis, it was found that radiological features in the form of infiltration/consolidation were more commonly found in subjects with CD4+ <200 cells/mm3 (OR=1.254; 95% CI 1.059-1.568). CONCLUSION Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that there are no typical radiological features and clinical manifestations in patients with TB-HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putu Satyakumara Upadhana
- Bachelor of Medicine and Medical Education Study Program, Medical Faculty, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Haikal Hamas Putra Iqra
- Bachelor of Medicine and Medical Education Study Program, Medical Faculty, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | | | - I Ketut Agus Somia
- Division of Tropical and Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Pande Putu Yuli Anandasari
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
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Huante MB, Saito TB, Nusbaum RJ, Naqvi KF, Chauhan S, Hunter RL, Actor JK, Rudra JS, Endsley MA, Lisinicchia JG, Gelman BB, Endsley JJ. Small Animal Model of Post-chemotherapy Tuberculosis Relapse in the Setting of HIV Co-infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:150. [PMID: 32373548 PMCID: PMC7176873 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis relapse following drug treatment of active disease is an important global public health problem due to the poorer clinical outcomes and increased risk of drug resistance development. Concurrent infection with HIV, including in those receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART), is an important risk factor for relapse and expansion of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isolates. A greater understanding of the HIV-associated factors driving TB relapse is important for development of interventions that support immune containment and complement drug therapy. We employed the humanized mouse to develop a new model of post-chemotherapy TB relapse in the setting of HIV infection. Paucibacillary TB infection was observed following treatment with Rifampin and Isoniazid and subsequent infection with HIV-1 was associated with increased Mtb burden in the post-drug phase. Organized granulomas were observed during development of acute TB and appeared to resolve following TB drug therapy. At relapse, granulomatous pathology in the lung was infrequent and mycobacteria were most often observed in the interstitium and at sites of diffuse inflammation. Compared to animals with HIV mono-infection, higher viral replication was observed in the lung and liver, but not in the periphery, of animals with post-drug TB relapse. The results demonstrate a potential role for the humanized mouse as an experimental model of TB relapse in the setting of HIV. Long term, the model could facilitate discovery of disease mechanisms and development of clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Huante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Tais B Saito
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Rebecca J Nusbaum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kubra F Naqvi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Sadhana Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Robert L Hunter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey K Actor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jai S Rudra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Mark A Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Joshua G Lisinicchia
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Benjamin B Gelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Janice J Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Otiende V, Achia T, Mwambi H. Bayesian modeling of spatiotemporal patterns of TB-HIV co-infection risk in Kenya. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:902. [PMID: 31660883 PMCID: PMC6819548 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) diseases are globally acknowledged as a public health challenge that exhibits adverse bidirectional relations due to the co-epidemic overlap. To understand the co-infection burden we used the case notification data to generate spatiotemporal maps that described the distribution and exposure hypotheses for further epidemiologic investigations in areas with unusual case notification levels. Methods We analyzed the TB and TB-HIV case notification data from the Kenya national TB control program aggregated for forty-seven counties over a seven-year period (2012–2018). Using spatiotemporal poisson regression models within the Integrated Nested Laplace Approach (INLA) paradygm, we modeled the risk of TB-HIV co-infection. Six competing models with varying space-time formulations were compared to determine the best fit model. We then assessed the geographic patterns and temporal trends of coinfection risk by mapping the posterior marginal from the best fit model. Results Of the total 608,312 TB case notifications, 194,129 were HIV co-infected. The proportion of TB-HIV co-infection was higher in females (39.7%) than in males (27.0%). A significant share of the co-infection was among adults aged 35 to 44 years (46.7%) and 45 to 54 years (42.1%). Based on the Bayesian Defiance Information (DIC) and the effective number of parameters (pD) comparisons, the spatiotemporal model allowing space-time interaction was the best in explaining the geographical variations in TB-HIV coinfection. The model results suggested that the risk of TB-HIV coinfection was influenced by infrastructure index (Relative risk (RR) = 5.75, Credible Interval (Cr.I) = (1.65, 19.89)) and gender ratio (RR = 5.81e−04, Cr. I = (1.06e−04, 3.18e−03). The lowest and highest temporal relative risks were in the years 2016 at 0.9 and 2012 at 1.07 respectively. The spatial pattern presented an increased co-infection risk in a number of counties. For the spatiotemporal interaction, only a few counties had a relative risk greater than 1 that varied in different years. Conclusions We identified elevated risk areas for TB/HIV co-infection and fluctuating temporal trends which could be because of improved TB case detection or surveillance bias caused by spatial heterogeneity in the co-infection dynamics. Focused interventions and continuous TB-HIV surveillance will ensure adequate resource allocation and significant reduction of HIV burden amongst TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verrah Otiende
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Pan African University Institute of Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Thomas Achia
- School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Henry Mwambi
- School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Francisco C, Lansang MA, Salvana EM, Leyritana K. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and multidrug-resistant HIV (MDR-HIV) syndemic: challenges in resource limited setting. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/8/e230628. [PMID: 31471363 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-230628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is common among persons living with HIV. This public health concern is aggravated by infection with multidrug-resistant organisms and adverse effects of polypharmacy. There are few published cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in multidrug-resistant HIV (MDR-HIV) infected patients. We report a case of a 29-year-old Filipino man with HIV on zidovudine (AZT)-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) but was eventually shifted to tenofovir due to anaemia. He presented with left flank tenderness, which was found to be due to an MDR-TB psoas abscess, and for which second-line anti-TB treatment was started. HIV genotyping showed MDR-HIV infection susceptible only to AZT, protease inhibitors and integrase inhibitors. Subsequently, he developed neck abscess that grew Mycobacterium avium complex and was treated with ethambutol and azithromycin. ART regimen was revised to AZT plus lamivudine and lopinavir/ritonavir. Erythropoietin was administered for recurrent AZT-induced anaemia. Both abscesses resolved and no recurrence of anaemia was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Francisco
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Mary Ann Lansang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Edsel Maurice Salvana
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Katerina Leyritana
- Sustained Health Initiatives of the Philippines, Mandaluyong, Philippines
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Churilov L, Korzhikov-Vlakh V, Sinitsyna E, Polyakov D, Darashkevich O, Poida M, Platonova G, Vinogradova T, Utekhin V, Zabolotnykh N, Zinserling V, Yablonsky P, Urtti A, Tennikova T. Enhanced Delivery of 4-Thioureidoiminomethylpyridinium Perchlorate in Tuberculosis Models with IgG Functionalized Poly(Lactic Acid)-Based Particles. Pharmaceutics 2018; 11:E2. [PMID: 30577686 PMCID: PMC6359407 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The compound 4-thioureidoiminomethylpyridinium perchlorate (perchlozone©) is a novel anti-tuberculosis drug that is active in multiple drug resistance cases, but the compound is hepatotoxic. To decrease the systemic load and to achieve targeting, we encapsulated the drug into poly(lactic acid)-based micro- (1100 nm) and nanoparticles (170 nm) that were modified with single-chain camel immunoglobulin G (IgG) for targeting. Both micro- and nanoparticles formed stable suspensions in saline solution at particle concentrations of 10⁻50 mg/mL. The formulations were injected intraperitoneally and intravenously into the mice with experimental tuberculosis. The survival of control animals was compared to that of mice which were treated with daily oral drug solution, single intraperitoneal administration of drug-loaded particles, and those treated both intravenously and intraperitoneally by drug-loaded particles modified with polyclonal camel IgGs. The distribution of particles in the organs of mice was analyzed with immunofluorescence and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Morphological changes related to tuberculosis and drug toxicity were registered. Phagocytic macrophages internalized particles and transported them to the foci of tuberculosis in inner organs. Nanoparticle-based drug formulations, especially those with IgG, resulted in better survival and lower degree of lung manifestations than the other modes of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Churilov
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Viktor Korzhikov-Vlakh
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Sinitsyna
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi pr. V.O. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Polyakov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Oleg Darashkevich
- Republican Center for Innovative and Technical Creativity, Slavinskogo str. 12, 220086 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Mikhail Poida
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Galina Platonova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi pr. V.O. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Vinogradova
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Polytechnical str. 32, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Utekhin
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Natalia Zabolotnykh
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Polytechnical str. 32, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Vsevolod Zinserling
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Peter Yablonsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Polytechnical str. 32, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Arto Urtti
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Tennikova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Nguyen P, Nguyen S, Nguyen T, Marais B. TB Presenting as Recurrent Pneumonia in a HIV-Infected Infant in Central Viet Nam. Reports 2018; 1:12. [DOI: 10.3390/reports1020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a six-month-old infant admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) with recurrent severe pneumonia. The mother was infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected, but initially failed to disclose this to doctors. Neither did she report the grandmother of the child’s chronic coughing, likely due to tuberculosis (TB). The infant was diagnosed with X-pert MTB/RIF® confirmed TB and tested positive for HIV infection. Once a correct diagnosis was established, the child demonstrated good recovery with appropriate TB and antiretroviral treatment (ART). The case demonstrates the importance of including TB in the differential diagnosis for young children not responding to first-line pneumonia treatment, especially in TB endemic areas. Taking a meticulous TB and HIV exposure history, with careful consideration of potential social stigma, is essential. It also demonstrates how the inaccessibility of HIV results and the absence of a continuous patient record may jeopardize patient care.
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Machaba KE, Mhlongo NN, Soliman MES. Induced Mutation Proves a Potential Target for TB Therapy: A Molecular Dynamics Study on LprG. Cell Biochem Biophys 2018; 76:345-356. [PMID: 30073572 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-018-0852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of wild-type and V91W mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis-LprG (Mtb-LprG) were performed with the goal to provide a comprehensive understanding of the Mtb-LprG as a potential antimycobacterial target. A long-range MD simulations and post-MD analyzes led us to various results that plainly explained the impact of V91W mutation on Mtb-LprG. Herein, the results revealed that the wild-type is less stable compared to V91W mutant. This was further supported by root mean square fluctuation, where the V91W mutant showed a higher degree of flexibility compared to the wild-type. Dynamic cross-correlation analysis revealed that induced mutation leads to higher residual flexibility in the mutant structure as compared to the wild-type structure thus resulting in the existence of negatively correlated motions. The difference in principal component analysis scatter plot across the first two normal modes suggests a greater mobility of the V91W mutant conformation compared to the wild-type. Thermodynamic calculations revealed that the van der Waals (Evdw) forces contribute the most towards binding free energy in a case of the V91W mutant as compared to the wild-type LprG complex. In addition, the residue interaction networks revealed more of Evdw interaction existence among residues in case of the V91W mutant. This study supports the Mtb-LprG as a potential antimycobacterial target and also serves as a cornerstone to identifying new potential targets that have no inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kgothatso E Machaba
- Molecular Modelling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Ndumiso N Mhlongo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Modelling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
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Velayutham B, Chadha VK, Singla N, Narang P, Gangadhar Rao V, Nair S, Ramalingam S, Narayanan Sivaramakrishnan G, Joseph B, Selvaraju S, Shanmugam S, Narang R, Pachikkaran P, Bhat J, Ponnuraja C, Bajaj Bhalla B, Shivashankara BA, Sebastian G, Yadav R, Kumar Sharma R, Sarin R, Myneedu VP, Singla R, Khayyam K, Mrithunjayan SK, Jayasankar SP, Sanker P, Viswanathan K, Viswambharan R, Mathuria K, Bhalla M, Singh N, Tumane KB, Dawale A, Tiwari CP, Bansod R, Jayabal L, Murali L, Khaparde SD, Rao R, Jawahar MS, Natrajan M. Recurrence of tuberculosis among newly diagnosed sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, India: A multi-centric prospective study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200150. [PMID: 29979738 PMCID: PMC6034867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is lack of information on the proportion of new smear—positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients treated with a 6-month thrice-weekly regimen under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) who develop recurrent TB after successful treatment outcome. Objective To estimate TB recurrence among newly diagnosed PTB patients who have successfully completed treatment and to document endogenous reactivation or re-infection. Risk factors for unfavourable outcomes to treatment and TB recurrence were determined. Methodology Adult (aged ≥ 18 yrs) new smear positive PTB patients initiated on treatment under RNTCP were enrolled from sites in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Delhi, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Kerala. Those declared “treatment success” at the end of treatment were followed up with 2 sputum examinations each at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment completion. MIRU-VNTR genotyping was done to identify endogenous re-activation or exogenous re-infection at TB recurrence. TB recurrence was expressed as rate per 100 person-years (with 95% confidence interval [95%CI]). Regression models were used to identify the risk factors for unfavourable response to treatment and TB recurrence. Results Of the1577 new smear positive PTB patients enrolled, 1565 were analysed. The overall cure rate was 77% (1207/1565) and treatment success was 77% (1210 /1565). The cure rate varied from 65% to 86%. There were 158 of 1210 patients who had TB recurrence after treatment success. The pooled TB recurrence estimate was 10.9% [95%CI: 0.2–21.6] and TB recurrence rate per 100 person–years was 12.7 [95% CI: 0.4–25]. TB recurrence per 100 person–years varied from 5.4 to 30.5. Endogenous reactivation was observed in 56 (93%) of 60 patients for whom genotyping was done. Male gender was associated with TB recurrence. Conclusion A substantial proportion of new smear positive PTB patients successfully treated with 6 –month thrice-weekly regimen have TB recurrence under program settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neeta Singla
- National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases (NITRD), New Delhi, India
| | - Pratibha Narang
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (MGIMS), Sevagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikas Gangadhar Rao
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Nair
- Thiruvananthapuram Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram (TMCT), Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Bency Joseph
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - Sriram Selvaraju
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | | | - Rahul Narang
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (MGIMS), Sevagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Jyothi Bhat
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | | - George Sebastian
- National Tuberculosis Institute (NTI), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajiv Yadav
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ravendra Kumar Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Sarin
- National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases (NITRD), New Delhi, India
| | - Vithal Prasad Myneedu
- National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases (NITRD), New Delhi, India
| | - Rupak Singla
- National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases (NITRD), New Delhi, India
| | - Khalidumer Khayyam
- National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases (NITRD), New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kapil Mathuria
- National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases (NITRD), New Delhi, India
| | - Manpreet Bhalla
- National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases (NITRD), New Delhi, India
| | - Nitu Singh
- District TB Centre, Malviya Nagar, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohan Natrajan
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
- * E-mail:
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Mai TQ, Van Anh NT, Hien NT, Lan NH, Giang DC, Hang PTT, Lan NTN, Marais BJ, Sintchenko V. Drug resistance and Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain diversity in TB/HIV co-infected patients in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 10:154-160. [PMID: 28743648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain diversity and drug resistance among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Vietnam have not been described previously. METHODS We examined M. tuberculosis isolates from TB/HIV co-infected patients in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Drug susceptibility testing (DST), spoligotyping and 24-locus Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit (MIRU-24 typing) were performed, and the rpoB, katG, inhA and inhA promoter, rpsL, rrs and embB genes were sequenced in all drug resistant isolates identified. RESULTS In total, 84/200 (42.0%) strains demonstrated "any drug resistance"; 17 (8.5%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Streptomycin resistance was present in 80 (40.0%) isolates; 95.2% (80/84) with "any drug resistance" and 100% with MDR. No rifampicin monoresistance was detected. Of the rifampicin resistant strains 16/18 (88.9%) had mutations in the 81-bp Rifampicin Resistance Defining Region (RRDR) of the rpoB gene. Isoniazid resistance was mostly associated with Ser315Thr mutations in the katG gene (15/17; 88.2%). Beijing (49.0%) and East African Indian (EAI) lineage strains (35.0%; 56/70 EAI-5) were most common. CONCLUSION TB/HIV co-infection in Vietnam was associated with high rates of TB drug resistance, although we were unable to differentiate new from retreatment cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Quynh Mai
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Sydney Medical School and Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Australia; Centre for Infectious Disease and Microbiology - Public Health, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | | | - Nguyen Huu Lan
- Pham Ngoc Thach TB and Lung Disease Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Do Chau Giang
- Pham Ngoc Thach TB and Lung Disease Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Thi Thu Hang
- Pham Ngoc Thach TB and Lung Disease Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Ben J Marais
- Sydney Medical School and Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- Sydney Medical School and Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Australia; Centre for Infectious Disease and Microbiology - Public Health, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Nandar K, Ang LW, Tey J, James L, Kyi Win KM, Chee C, Ng OT, Cutter JL, Wang YT. Epidemiology of tuberculosis and HIV coinfections in Singapore, 2000-2014. HIV Med 2017; 19:59-64. [PMID: 28675626 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cross-matching of records between Singapore's tuberculosis and HIV registries showed that 3.3% of individuals with tuberculosis (TB) were coinfected with HIV (2000-2014), the TB incidence among individuals with HIV infection was 1.65 per 100 person-years, and 53% of coinfections were diagnosed within 1 month of each other. The findings supported joint prevention programmes for early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L W Ang
- Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - J Tey
- Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - L James
- Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | | | - Cbe Chee
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - O T Ng
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Y T Wang
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
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Gangcuangco LMA, Sawada I, Tsuchiya N, Do CD, Pham TTT, Rojanawiwat A, Alejandria M, Leyritana K, Yokomaku Y, Pathipvanich P, Ariyoshi K. Regional Differences in the Prevalence of Major Opportunistic Infections among Antiretroviral-Naïve Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients in Japan, Northern Thailand, Northern Vietnam, and the Philippines. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:49-56. [PMID: 28719295 PMCID: PMC5508895 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify regional differences in the distribution of opportunistic infections (OIs) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in Asia, the medical records of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve patients who attended the following tertiary hospitals from 2003 to 2011 were reviewed: Nagoya Medical Center (NMC, Nagoya, Japan), Lampang Hospital (LPH, Lampang, northern Thailand), Bach Mai Hospital (BMH, Hanoi, northern Vietnam), and Philippine General Hospital (PGH, Manila, Philippines). Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associations between country of origin and risk of major OIs. In total, 1,505 patients were included: NMC, N = 365; LPH, N = 442; BMH, N = 384; and PGH, N = 314. The median age was 32 years, and 73.3% of all patients were male. The median CD4 count was 200 cells/μL. Most patients at NMC and PGH were men who have sex with men. Injection drug users were most common at BMH (35.7%). Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) was most common at PGH (N = 75) but was rare at NMC (N = 4). Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) prevalence was highest at NMC (N = 74) and lowest at BMH (N = 13). Multivariable logistic regression showed increased odds of TB at PGH (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 42.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 14.6-122.1), BMH (aOR = 12.6, CI = 3.9-40.3), and LPH (aOR = 6.6, CI = 2.1-21.1) but decreased odds of PCP at BMH (aOR = 0.1, CI = 0.04-0.2) and LPH (aOR = 0.2, CI = 0.1-0.4) compared with those at NMC. The cryptococcosis risk was increased at LPH (aOR = 6.2, CI = 0.9-41.0) compared with that at NMC. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis prevalences were similar in all countries. OI prevalence remained high among ART-naïve patients in our cohort. The risks of TB, PCP, and cryptococcosis, but not CMV retinitis, differed between countries. Improved early HIV detection is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louie Mar A. Gangcuangco
- Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Bridgeport Hospital-Yale New Haven Health, Bridgeport, Connecticut
| | - Ikumi Sawada
- Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naho Tsuchiya
- Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Marissa Alejandria
- Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Katerina Leyritana
- Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Koya Ariyoshi
- Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Koirala S, Deuba K, Nampaisan O, Marrone G, Ekström AM. Facilitators and barriers for retention in HIV care between testing and treatment in Asia-A study in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Lao, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines and Vietnam. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176914. [PMID: 28459881 PMCID: PMC5411091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The need for efficient retention in HIV care is more evident than ever because of the expansion of earlier ART initiation and the shift towards ‘Test and Treat’. This study assesses factors affecting participation in the HIV care cascade among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the Asia-Pacific Region. Methods A total of 7843 PLHIV aged 18–50 years were recruited using targeted and venue-based sampling between October 1, 2012, and May 31, 2013, across 59 sites in 7 countries (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines and Vietnam). Statistically significant associations between demographic and health system determinants, and various steps in the HIV care cascade were computed using a generalized structural equation model. Results A high proportion of PLHIV (40–51%) presented late for HIV care and delayed linkage to care in all seven countries. However, once PLHIV enrolled in care, retention in the various steps of the care cascade including adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) was satisfactory. The proportion still engaged in HIV care at 36 months post HIV diagnosis, varied from 78% in Nepal to >90% in Lao PDR. Similarly, the proportion of ART initiation who also were adherent to ART ranged from 91% in Bangladesh to >95% in Philippines/ Vietnam and from 70% in Lao PDR to 89% in the Philippines respectively. The following factors enhanced the likelihood of ART initiation and high adherence to HIV care and ART: good client-provider communication, high HIV treatment literacy, a referral from a health worker and TB/HIV co-infection. The following barriers were identified: young age, sex work, imprisonment, transgender identity, illiteracy, rural residence, alcohol/ injecting drug use, perceived poor health status, lack of health insurance, fear of confidentiality breach, self-referral for HIV testing, and public hospital as the place of HIV diagnosis. Conclusions HIV programme planners should ensure easy access to HIV testing and earlier linkage to HIV care among PLHIV. In addition, multiple socio-economic and health systems barriers need to be addressed along the HIV care cascade to reach the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Koirala
- Asia Pacific Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Keshab Deuba
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Oranuch Nampaisan
- Asia Pacific Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gaetano Marrone
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Mia Ekström
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Tibalinda P, Sempombe J, Shedafa R, Masota N, Pius D, Temu M, Kaale E. Formulation development and optimization of Lamivudine 300 mg and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) 300 mg FDC tablets by D-optimal mixture design. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00207. [PMID: 27942608 PMCID: PMC5137174 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The usage of fixed dose combination (FDC) tablets of Lamivudine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) is increasing due to increased incidences of HIV/Hepatitis B and HIV/TB co-infections. This is likely to increase the financial crisis due to limited resources for funding procurement of ready-made products from the pharmaceuticals manufacturing leading countries. Therefore, production of local oral tablets containing Lamivudine and TDF FDC is inevitable. Lamivudine 300 mg/TDF 300 mg tablets were developed and optimized by D-optimal mixture design and produced by direct compression technique. Twenty trial formulations with independent variables, including PVP-CL 1–12.00%, PVP-K30 1–10.00%, starch-1500 2.5–12.5% and Avicel-PH102 2–19.25% were prepared by direct compression technique. The formulations were assessed on assay, dissolution, friability, weight variation and disintegration time. It was found that assay ranged from 98.13–101.95% for Lamivudine, 98.25–102.84 for TDF, both were within the in-house assay specification of 95 to 105%. Dissolution at single point was above 80% for Lamivudine 93.96–100.55% and 95.85–103.15% for TDF, disintegration time was between 1.92–66.33 min and friability 0.06–12.56%. Out of twenty formulation trials, eight formulations had all parameters in proven acceptable range. On optimization, one formulation with independent variables, PVP-CL 5.67%, PVP-K30 1.00%, Starch-1500 5.76% was selected. The optimized formulation was comparable to the reference product on the market with similarity factor (f2) and difference factor (f1) within the acceptable range for both Lamivudine and TDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosper Tibalinda
- Pharm R&D Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Tanzania
- Corresponding author at: P.O Box 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Joseph Sempombe
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Tanzania
| | - Raphael Shedafa
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Tanzania
- Pharm R&D Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Tanzania
| | - Nelson Masota
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Tanzania
- Pharm R&D Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Tanzania
| | - Dickson Pius
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Tanzania
| | - Mary Temu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Tanzania
| | - Eliangiringa Kaale
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Tanzania
- Pharm R&D Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Tanzania
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Pal R, Ansari MA, Hameed S, Fatima Z. Diabetes Mellitus as Hub for Tuberculosis Infection: A Snapshot. Int J Chronic Dis 2016; 2016:5981574. [PMID: 27819024 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5981574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) still remains the thorn in the flesh of efficient therapeutics affecting one-third of global population annually. There are several factors that enhance the susceptibility to TB infections including malnutrition, smoking, and immunocompromised conditions such as AIDS. In the recent years, growing body of evidence has gained considerable prominence which suggests that Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is individual risk factor leading to complicated TB infections. In this article the authors have attempted to summarize the link of type 2 DM with TB, the mechanistic action of how DM sensitizes for developing the active TB infection from the latent infection, and problems faced during treatment followed by possible preventive measures. We have tried to give account of the alterations that occurred in DM making a person more prone to develop TB.
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Trinh QM, Nguyen HL, Do TN, Nguyen VN, Nguyen BH, Nguyen TVA, Sintchenko V, Marais BJ. Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection in Vietnam. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 46:56-60. [PMID: 27044521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are leading causes of disease and death in Vietnam, but TB/HIV disease trends and the profile of co-infected patients are poorly described. METHODS We examined national TB and HIV notification data to provide a geographic overview and describe relevant disease trends within Vietnam. We also compared the demographic and clinical profiles of TB patients with and without HIV infection. RESULTS During the past 10 years (2005-2014) cumulative HIV case numbers and deaths increased to 298,151 and 71,332 respectively, but access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) improved and new infections and deaths declined. From 2011-2014 routine HIV testing of TB patients increased from 58.9% to 72.5% and of all TB patients diagnosed with HIV in 2014, 2,803 (72.4%) received ART. The number of multidrug resistant (MDR)-TB cases enrolled for treatment increased almost 3-fold (578 to 1,532) from 2011-2014. The rate of HIV co-infection in MDR and non-MDR TB cases (51/1,532; 3.3% vs 3,774/100,555; 3.8%; OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.7-1.2) was similar in 2014. CONCLUSIONS The care of TB/HIV co-infected patients have shown sustained improvement in Vietnam. Rising numbers of MDR-TB cases is a concern, but this is not "driven" by HIV co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q M Trinh
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity (MBI), The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; NSW Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease and Microbiology - Public Health, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Vietnam National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - H L Nguyen
- Vietnam Administration of HIV/AIDS Control, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T N Do
- Vietnam Administration of HIV/AIDS Control, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - V N Nguyen
- Vietnam National TB Program, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - B H Nguyen
- Vietnam National TB Program, Hanoi, Vietnam; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France
| | - T V A Nguyen
- Vietnam National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - V Sintchenko
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity (MBI), The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; NSW Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease and Microbiology - Public Health, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - B J Marais
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity (MBI), The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Globally, the number of deaths associated with tuberculosis (TB) and HIV coinfection remains unacceptably high. We review the evidence around the impact of strengthening the HIV treatment cascade in TB patients and explore recent findings about how best to deliver integrated TB/HIV services. RECENT FINDINGS There is clear evidence that the timely provision of antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces mortality in TB/HIV coinfected adults. Despite this, globally in 2013, only around a third of known HIV-positive TB cases were treated with ART. Although there is some recent evidence exploring the barriers to achieve high coverage of HIV testing and ART initiation in TB patients, our understanding of which factors are most important and how best to address these within different health systems remains incomplete. There are some examples of good practice in the delivery of integrated TB/HIV services to improve the HIV treatment cascade. However, evidence of the impact of such strategies is of relatively low quality for informing integrated TB/HIV programming more broadly. In most settings, there remain barriers to higher-level organizational and functional integration. SUMMARY There remains a need for commitment to patient-centred integrated TB/HIV care in countries affected by the dual epidemic. There is a need for better quality evidence around how best to deliver integrated services to strengthen the HIV treatment cascade in TB patients, both at primary healthcare level and within community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Lessells
- Department of Clinical Research
- TB Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa
| | | | - Peter Godfrey-Faussett
- Department of Clinical Research
- TB Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, and NIHR BRC at University College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Center for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (CAST), Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ben Marais
- Centre for Research Excellence in Tuberculosis (TB-CRE) and the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Christian Wejse
- GloHAU Center for Global Health, Dept of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark. Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark and Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea Bissau
| | - Marc Lipman
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, and University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy D McHugh
- Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eskild Petersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark.
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