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Tu M, Liu R, Xue J, Xiao B, Li J, Liang L. Urban Particulate Matter Triggers Meibomian Gland Dysfunction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:8. [PMID: 38315493 PMCID: PMC10851789 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The meibomian gland (MG), as the largest modified sebaceous gland, is potentially damaged by urban particulate matter (UPM) based on epidemiological evidence, but the specific experimental mechanisms remain unknown. This study investigated the effects of UPM on MG dysfunction (MGD) in rodent models. Methods Female C57BL/6J mice received eye drops containing UPM suspension or PBS for 14 days. The proliferative capacity and progenitor of MG were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Cell apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL assay, along with the analysis of caspase family expression. Lipid accumulation was visualized by Oil Red O staining and LipidTox staining. Ductal hyperkeratinization, neutrophil infiltration, and pyroptosis activation were detected through immunostaining. The relative gene expression and signaling pathway activation were determined by Western blot analysis. Results Administration of UPM caused MGD-like clinical signs, manifested as distinct corneal epithelial erosion, increased MG orifice occlusion, and glandular dropout. UPM exposure significantly induced progenitor loss, cellular apoptosis, and lipogenic disorder in MG, by reducing P63/Lrig1 expression and increasing cleaved caspase-8, -9, and -3 and meibum lipogenic protein (HMGCR/SREBP-1) expression. UPM-treated mice exhibited ductal hyperkeratinization and neutrophil recruitment. Simultaneously, pyroptosis was motivated, as indicated by the heightened expression of NLRP3 and the cleavage of caspase-1 and -4 and gasdermin D, as well as the increase in IL-1β and IL-18 downstream. The underlying pathological mechanisms of UPM involve the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB. Conclusions These results provided direct evidence for the toxicity of UPM in MG. UPM-induced activation of pyroptosis and mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway might account for the inflammatory MGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Nording H, Baron L, Sauter M, Lübken A, Rawish E, Szepanowski R, von Esebeck J, Sun Y, Emami H, Meusel M, Saraei R, Schanze N, Gorantla SP, von Bubnoff N, Geisler T, von Hundelshausen P, Stellos K, Marquardt J, Sadik CD, Köhl J, Duerschmied D, Kleinschnitz C, Langer HF. Platelets regulate ischemia-induced revascularization and angiogenesis by secretion of growth factor-modulating factors. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6411-6427. [PMID: 37257194 PMCID: PMC10598500 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In ischemic tissue, platelets can modulate angiogenesis. The specific factors influencing this function, however, are poorly understood. Here, we characterized the complement anaphylatoxin C5a-mediated activation of C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) expressed on platelets as a potent regulator of ischemia-driven revascularization. We assessed the relevance of the anaphylatoxin receptor C5aR1 on platelets in patients with coronary artery disease as well as those with peripheral artery disease and used genetic mouse models to characterize its significance for ischemia and growth factor-driven revascularization. The presence of C5aR1-expressing platelets was increased in the hindlimb ischemia model. Ischemia-driven angiogenesis was significantly improved in C5aR1-/- mice but not in C5-/- mice, suggesting a specific role of C5aR1. Experiments using the supernatant of C5a-stimulated platelets suggested a paracrine mechanism of angiogenesis inhibition by platelets by means of antiangiogenic CXC chemokine ligand 4 (CXCL4, PF4). Lineage-specific C5aR1 deletion verified that the secretion of CXCL4 depends on C5aR1 ligation on platelets. Using C5aR1-/-CXCL4-/- mice, we observed no additional effect in the revascularization response, underscoring a strong dependence of CXCL4 secretion on the C5a-C5aR1-axis. We identified a novel mechanism for inhibition of neovascularization via platelet C5aR1, which was mediated by the release of antiangiogenic CXCL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Nording
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lasse Baron
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Manuela Sauter
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Lübken
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elias Rawish
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rebecca Szepanowski
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational and Behavioral Neurosciences, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jacob von Esebeck
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ying Sun
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hossein Emami
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Moritz Meusel
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Roza Saraei
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nancy Schanze
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sivahari Prasad Gorantla
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tobias Geisler
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Philipp von Hundelshausen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jens Marquardt
- First Department of Medicine, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational and Behavioral Neurosciences, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Harald F. Langer
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Fang Z, Li X, Liu J, Lee H, Salciccioli L, Lazar J, Zhang M. The role of complement C3 in the outcome of regional myocardial infarction. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 33:101434. [PMID: 36748063 PMCID: PMC9898614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease leading to myocardial ischemia is a major cause of heart failure. A hallmark of heart failure is myocardial fibrosis. Using a murine model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), we showed that, following IRI, in mice genetically deficient in the central factor of complement system, C3, myocardial necrosis was reduced compared with WT mice. Four weeks after the ischemic period, the C3-/- mice had significantly less cardiac fibrosis and better cardiac function than the WT controls. Overall, our results suggest that innate immune response through complement C3 plays an important role in necrotic cell death, which contributes to the cardiac fibrosis that underlies post-infarction heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, USA
| | | | | | - Louis Salciccioli
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Jason Lazar
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, USA,Department of Cell Biology, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Anesthesiology, MSC6 SUNY Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
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4
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Abstract
The heart contains a population of resident macrophages that markedly expands following injury through recruitment of monocytes and through proliferation of macrophages. In myocardial infarction, macrophages have been implicated in both injurious and reparative responses. In coronary atherosclerotic lesions, macrophages have been implicated in disease progression and in the pathogenesis of plaque rupture. Following myocardial infarction, resident macrophages contribute to initiation and regulation of the inflammatory response. Phagocytosis and efferocytosis are major functions of macrophages during the inflammatory phase of infarct healing, and mediate phenotypic changes, leading to acquisition of an anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. Infarct macrophages respond to changes in the cytokine content and extracellular matrix composition of their environment and secrete fibrogenic and angiogenic mediators, playing a central role in repair of the infarcted heart. Macrophages may also play a role in scar maturation and may contribute to chronic adverse remodeling of noninfarcted segments. Single cell studies have revealed a remarkable heterogeneity of macrophage populations in infarcted hearts; however, the relations between transcriptomic profiles and functional properties remain poorly defined. This review manuscript discusses the fate, mechanisms of expansion and activation, and role of macrophages in the infarcted heart. Considering their critical role in injury, repair, and remodeling, macrophages are important, but challenging, targets for therapeutic interventions in myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Kubota
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, New York
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, New York
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5
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Vittal R, Fisher AJ, Thompson EL, Cipolla EM, Gu H, Mickler EA, Varre A, Agarwal M, Kim KK, Vasko MR, Moore BB, Lama VN. Overexpression of Decay Accelerating Factor Mitigates Fibrotic Responses to Lung Injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:459-470. [PMID: 35895592 PMCID: PMC9564933 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0463oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD55 or decay accelerating factor (DAF), a ubiquitously expressed glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein, confers a protective threshold against complement dysregulation which is linked to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Since lung fibrosis is associated with downregulation of DAF, we hypothesize that overexpression of DAF in fibrosed lungs will limit fibrotic injury by restraining complement dysregulation. Normal primary human alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECs) exposed to exogenous complement 3a or 5a, and primary AECs purified from IPF lungs demonstrated decreased membrane-bound DAF expression with concurrent increase in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein, ATF6. Increased loss of extracellular cleaved DAF fragments was detected in normal human AECs exposed to complement 3a or 5a, and in lungs of IPF patients. C3a-induced ATF6 expression and DAF loss was inhibited using pertussis toxin (an enzymatic inactivator of G-protein coupled receptors), in murine AECs. Treatment with soluble DAF abrogated tunicamycin-induced C3a secretion and ER stress (ATF6 and BiP expression) and restored epithelial cadherin. Bleomycin-injured fibrotic mice subjected to lentiviral overexpression of DAF demonstrated diminished levels of local collagen deposition and complement activation. Further analyses showed diminished release of DAF fragments, as well as reduction in apoptosis (TUNEL and caspase 3/7 activity), and ER stress-related transcripts. Loss-of-function studies using Daf1 siRNA demonstrated worsened lung fibrosis detected by higher mRNA levels of Col1a1 and epithelial injury-related Muc1 and Snai1, with exacerbated local deposition of C5b-9. Our studies provide a rationale for rescuing fibrotic lungs via DAF induction that will restrain complement dysregulation and lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Vittal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Amanda J. Fisher
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and
| | - Eric L. Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ellyse M. Cipolla
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Hongmei Gu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and
| | | | - Ananya Varre
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Manisha Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Kevin K. Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Michael R. Vasko
- Department of Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Vibha N. Lama
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine and
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6
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Milusev A, Rieben R, Sorvillo N. The Endothelial Glycocalyx: A Possible Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disorders. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:897087. [PMID: 35647072 PMCID: PMC9136230 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.897087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological, anti-inflammatory, and anti-coagulant properties of endothelial cells (ECs) rely on a complex carbohydrate-rich layer covering the luminal surface of ECs, called the glycocalyx. In a range of cardiovascular disorders, glycocalyx shedding causes endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, underscoring the importance of glycocalyx preservation to avoid disease initiation and progression. In this review we discuss the physiological functions of the glycocalyx with particular focus on how loss of endothelial glycocalyx integrity is linked to cardiovascular risk factors, like hypertension, aging, diabetes and obesity, and contributes to the development of thrombo-inflammatory conditions. Finally, we consider the role of glycocalyx components in regulating inflammatory responses and discuss possible therapeutic interventions aiming at preserving or restoring the endothelial glycocalyx and therefore protecting against cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Milusev
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Rieben
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicoletta Sorvillo
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Nicoletta Sorvillo
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7
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Abstract
The review briefly summarizes the role of the family of adhesion molecules, JAMs (junctional adhesion molecules), in various cell migration, covering germ cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, several leukocytes, and different cancer cells. These functions affect multiple diseases, including reproductive diseases, inflammation-related diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. JAMs bind to both similar and dissimilar proteins and take both similar and dissimilar effects on different cells. Concluding relevant results provides a reference to further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Wang
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Han Liu,
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8
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Henes JK, Groga-Bada P, Schaeffeler E, Winter S, Hack L, Zdanyte M, Mueller K, Droppa M, Stimpfle F, Gawaz M, Langer H, Schwab M, Geisler T, Rath D. C5 Variant rs10985126 is Associated with Mortality in Patients with Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2021; 14:893-903. [PMID: 34321906 PMCID: PMC8312322 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s307827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement component 5a (C5a) is a highly potent anaphylatoxin with a variety of pro-inflammatory effects. C5a contributes to progression of atherosclerosis and inhibition of the receptor (C5aR) might offer a therapeutic strategy in this regard. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the C5 gene may modify protein expression levels and therefore function of C5a and C5aR. This study aimed to examine associations between clinically relevant C5a SNPs and the prognosis of patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). Furthermore, we sought to investigate the influence of C5 SNPs on C5aR platelet surface expression and circulating C5a levels. METHODS C5 variants (rs25681, rs17611, rs17216529, rs12237774, rs41258306, and rs10985126) were analyzed in a consecutive cohort of 833 patients suffering from symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). Circulating C5a levels were determined in 116 patients whereas C5aR platelet surface expression was measured in 473 CAD patients. Endpoints included all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and ischemic stroke (IS). Homozygous carriers (HC) of the minor allele (rs10985126) showed significantly higher all-cause mortality than major allele carriers. While we could not find significant associations between rs10985126 allele frequency and C5aR platelet surfazl ce expression, significantly elevated levels of circulating C5a were found in HC of the minor allele of the respective genotype. rs17216529 allele frequency correlated with the composite combined endpoint and bleeding events. However, since the number of HC of the minor allele of this genotype was low, we cannot draw a robust conclusion about the observed associations. CONCLUSION In this study, we provide evidence for the prognostic relevance of rs10985126 in CAD patients. C5 rs10985126 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for risk stratification in high-risk CAD patients and consequently promote tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Groga-Bada
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Luis Hack
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Monika Zdanyte
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karin Mueller
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michal Droppa
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Stimpfle
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Harald Langer
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Geisler
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Rath
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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9
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Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is an inherited disease characterized by progressive breakdown of heart muscle, myocardial tissue death, and fibrofatty replacement. In most cases of AC, the primary lesion occurs in one of the genes encoding desmosomal proteins, disruption of which increases membrane fragility at the intercalated disc. Disrupted, exposed desmosomal proteins also serve as epitopes that can trigger an autoimmune reaction. Damage to cell membranes and autoimmunity provoke myocardial inflammation, a key feature in early stages of the disease. In several preclinical models, targeting inflammation has been shown to blunt disease progression, but translation to the clinic has been sparse. Here we review current understanding of inflammatory pathways and how they interact with injured tissue and the immune system in AC. We further discuss the potential role of immunomodulatory therapies in AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Nien Lin
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Eugenio Cingolani
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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Yang B, Wang J, Zhao Y, Duan W, Dai C, Han Z, Wang M, Zhang B, Wei L, Chen Z, Chen D. Attenuating ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat cardiac transplantation by intracoronary infusion with siRNA cocktail solution. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20193937. [PMID: 32686827 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20193937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), caspase-8, and complement component 5a receptor (C5aR) are known to play a crucial role in the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in cardiac transplantation. We hypothesized that the intracoronary infusion of TNF-α, caspase-8, and C5aR small interfering RNAs (siRNA) would protect cardiac allograft function and improve graft survival from I/R injury-induced organ failure. I/R injury of cardiac allograft was induced by syngeneic rat cardiac transplantation, in which the transplanted hearts were infused with saline or different amounts of siRNA cocktail solution targeting TNF-α, caspase-8, and C5aR via coronary arteries, and subsequently subjected to 18 h of preservation at 4°C in histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate (HTK) solution. The effects of siRNA cocktail solution on prolonged cold I/R injury were determined by assessing graft survival, histopathological changes, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. The perfused siRNA cocktail solution successfully knocked down the expression of TNF-α, caspase-8, and C5aR in vitro and in vivo. Approximately 91.7% of control hearts that underwent 18 h of cold ischemia ceased their function after transplantation; however, 87.5% of cardiac allografts from the highest dose siRNA cocktail solution-pretreated hearts survived >14 days and exhibited minimal histological changes, with minimal cellular infiltration, interstitial edema, and inflammation and maximal reduced MPO activity and MDA concentration in the cardiac allograft. We demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of infusion of TNF-α, caspase-8, and C5aR siRNA via the intracoronary route as a promising strategy for gene silencing against I/R injury in cardiac transplantation.
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11
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Weber B, Lackner I, Gebhard F, Miclau T, Kalbitz M. Trauma, a Matter of the Heart-Molecular Mechanism of Post-Traumatic Cardiac Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E737. [PMID: 33450984 PMCID: PMC7828409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma remains a leading global cause of mortality, particularly in the young population. In the United States, approximately 30,000 patients with blunt cardiac trauma were recorded annually. Cardiac damage is a predictor for poor outcome after multiple trauma, with a poor prognosis and prolonged in-hospitalization. Systemic elevation of cardiac troponins was correlated with survival, injury severity score, and catecholamine consumption of patients after multiple trauma. The clinical features of the so-called "commotio cordis" are dysrhythmias, including ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac arrest as well as wall motion disorders. In trauma patients with inappropriate hypotension and inadequate response to fluid resuscitation, cardiac injury should be considered. Therefore, a combination of echocardiography (ECG) measurements, echocardiography, and systemic appearance of cardiomyocyte damage markers such as troponin appears to be an appropriate diagnostic approach to detect cardiac dysfunction after trauma. However, the mechanisms of post-traumatic cardiac dysfunction are still actively being investigated. This review aims to discuss cardiac damage following trauma, focusing on mechanisms of post-traumatic cardiac dysfunction associated with inflammation and complement activation. Herein, a causal relationship of cardiac dysfunction to traumatic brain injury, blunt chest trauma, multiple trauma, burn injury, psychosocial stress, fracture, and hemorrhagic shock are illustrated and therapeutic options are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Weber
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm, 86081 Ulm, Germany; (B.W.); (I.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Ina Lackner
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm, 86081 Ulm, Germany; (B.W.); (I.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Florian Gebhard
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm, 86081 Ulm, Germany; (B.W.); (I.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 2550 23rd Street, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA;
| | - Miriam Kalbitz
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm, 86081 Ulm, Germany; (B.W.); (I.L.); (F.G.)
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Kummer L, Zaradzki M, Vijayan V, Arif R, Weigand MA, Immenschuh S, Wagner AH, Larmann J. Vascular Signaling in Allogenic Solid Organ Transplantation - The Role of Endothelial Cells. Front Physiol 2020; 11:443. [PMID: 32457653 PMCID: PMC7227440 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft rejection remains the major obstacle after vascularized solid organ transplantation. Endothelial cells, which form the interface between the transplanted graft and the host’s immunity, are the first target for host immune cells. During acute cellular rejection endothelial cells are directly attacked by HLA I and II-recognizing NK cells, macrophages, and T cells, and activation of the complement system leads to endothelial cell lysis. The established forms of immunosuppressive therapy provide effective treatment options, but the treatment of chronic rejection of solid organs remains challenging. Chronic rejection is mainly based on production of donor-specific antibodies that induce endothelial cell activation—a condition which phenotypically resembles chronic inflammation. Activated endothelial cells produce chemokines, and expression of adhesion molecules increases. Due to this pro-inflammatory microenvironment, leukocytes are recruited and transmigrate from the bloodstream across the endothelial monolayer into the vessel wall. This mononuclear infiltrate is a hallmark of transplant vasculopathy. Furthermore, expression profiles of different cytokines serve as clinical markers for the patient’s outcome. Besides their effects on immune cells, activated endothelial cells support the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. In turn, muscle cell recruitment leads to neointima formation followed by reduction in organ perfusion and eventually results in tissue injury. Activation of endothelial cells involves antibody ligation to the surface of endothelial cells. Subsequently, intracellular signaling pathways are initiated. These signaling cascades may serve as targets to prevent or treat adverse effects in antibody-activated endothelial cells. Preventive or therapeutic strategies for chronic rejection can be investigated in sophisticated mouse models of transplant vasculopathy, mimicking interactions between immune cells and endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kummer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcin Zaradzki
- Institute of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vijith Vijayan
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Rawa Arif
- Institute of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus A Weigand
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Andreas H Wagner
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Larmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Mourouzis K, Oikonomou E, Siasos G, Tsalamadris S, Vogiatzi G, Antonopoulos A, Fountoulakis P, Goliopoulou A, Papaioannou S, Tousoulis D. Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4624-4647. [PMID: 32282296 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200413082353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decades, the role of inflammation and immune system activation in the initiation and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been established. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to present the interplay between cytokines and their actions preceding and shortly after ACS. METHODS We searched in a systemic manner the most relevant articles to the topic of inflammation, cytokines, vulnerable plaque and myocardial infarction in MEDLINE, COCHRANE and EMBASE databases. RESULTS Different classes of cytokines (intereleukin [IL]-1 family, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) family, chemokines, adipokines, interferons) are implicated in the entire process leading to destabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque, and consequently, to the incidence of myocardial infarction. Especially IL-1 and TNF-α family are involved in inflammatory cell accumulation, vulnerable plaque formation, platelet aggregation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and adverse remodeling following the myocardial infarction. Several cytokines such as IL-6, adiponectin, interferon-γ, appear with significant prognostic value in ACS patients. Thus, research interest focuses on the modulation of inflammation in ACS to improve clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION Understanding the unique characteristics that accompany each cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction could illuminate the signaling pathways involved in plaque destabilization and indicate future treatment strategies to improve cardiovascular prognosis in ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Mourouzis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiris Tsalamadris
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios Antonopoulos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Fountoulakis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Goliopoulou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Papaioannou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Sattler K, El-Battrawy I, Zhao Z, Schrottenberg C, Yücel G, Lan H, Li X, Lang S, Zimmermann WH, Cyganek L, Utikal J, Wieland T, Ravens U, Bieback K, Borggrefe M, Zhou X, Akin I. Serum of patients with acute myocardial infarction prevents inflammation in iPSC-cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5651. [PMID: 30948775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) evokes a systemic inflammatory response and locally the degradation of the necrotic tissue, followed by scar formation. The mechanisms for containment of the infarct zone are not studied well. The study aimed to examine the response of healthy cardiomyocytes to serum of patients with myocardial infarction. Human iPSC-cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) generated from two healthy donors were incubated with serum of patients with MI with and without ventricular fibrillation (VF) or of healthy controls. Different cell adhesion molecules were studied by flow cytometry and immunostaining. Cellular electrophysiology was studied by patch clamp. The cell adhesion molecules CD54/ICAM-1, CD58/LFA-3 and CD321/JAM-A were expressed on iPSC-CM within the plasma membrane. Incubation with serum of MI patients reduced the levels of expression of CD54/ICAM-1 and CD321/JAM-A by 15–20%. VF serum was less effective than serum of MI patients without VF. MI serum or VF serum did not affect resting potential, action potential duration or maximum depolarization velocity. Myocardial infarction serum exerts anti-inflammatory effects on healthy cardiomyocytes without affecting their electrical activity, thus helping to contain the infarct zone and to protect healthy tissue. Ventricular fibrillation during MI drives healthy cardiomyocytes towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype.
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Abstract
In the search for a therapeutic schedule for spinal cord injury, it is necessary to understand key genes and their corresponding regulatory networks involved in the spinal cord injury process. However, ad hoc selection and analysis of one or two genes cannot fully reveal the complex molecular biological mechanisms of spinal cord injury. The emergence of second-generation sequencing technology (RNA sequencing) has provided a better method. In this study, RNA sequencing technology was used to analyze differentially expressed genes at different time points after spinal cord injury in rat models established by contusion of the eighth thoracic segment. The numbers of genes that changed significantly were 944, 1362 and 1421 at 1, 4 and 7 days after spinal cord injury respectively. After gene ontology analysis and temporal expression analysis of the differentially expressed genes, C5ar1, Socs3 and CCL6 genes were then selected and identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay. The mRNA expression trends of C5ar1, Socs3 and CCL6 genes were consistent with the RNA sequencing results. Further verification and analysis of C5ar1 indicate that the level of protein expression of C5ar1 was consistent with its nucleic acid level after spinal cord injury. C5ar1 was mainly expressed in neurons and astrocytes. Finally, the gene Itgb2, which may be related to C5ar1, was found by Chilibot database and literature search. Immunofluorescence histochemical results showed that the expression of Itgb2 was highly consistent with that of C5ar1. Itgb2 was expressed in astrocytes. RNA sequencing technology can screen differentially expressed genes at different time points after spinal cord injury. Through analysis and verification, genes strongly associated with spinal cord injury can be screened. This can provide experimental data for further determining the molecular mechanism of spinal cord injury, and also provide possible targets for the treatment of spinal cord injury. This study was approved ethically by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Province, China (approval No. 2018-0306-001) on March 6, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou; Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Ying Pan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ri-Xin Cai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ri-Yun Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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16
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Thorenz A, Derlin K, Schröder C, Dressler L, Vijayan V, Pradhan P, Immenschuh S, Jörns A, Echtermeyer F, Herzog C, Chen R, Rong S, Bräsen JH, van Kooten C, Kirsch T, Klemann C, Meier M, Klos A, Haller H, Hensen B, Gueler F. Enhanced activation of interleukin-10, heme oxygenase-1, and AKT in C5aR2-deficient mice is associated with protection from ischemia reperfusion injury-induced inflammation and fibrosis. Kidney Int 2018; 94:741-755. [PMID: 29935951 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) results in rapid complement activation, acute kidney injury and progressive renal fibrosis. Little is known about the roles of the C5aR1 and C5aR2 complement receptors in IRI. In this study C5aR1-/- and C5aR2-/- mice were compared to the wild type in a renal IRI model leading to renal fibrosis. C5a receptor expression, kidney morphology, inflammation, and fibrosis were measured in different mouse strains one, seven and 21 days after IRI. Renal perfusion was evaluated by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Protein abundance and phosphorylation were assessed with high content antibody microarrays and Western blotting. C5aR1 and C5aR2 were increased in damaged tubuli and even more in infiltrating leukocytes after IRI in kidneys of wild-type mice. C5aR1-/- and C5aR2-/- animals developed less IRI-induced inflammation and showed better renal perfusion than wild-type mice following IRI. C5aR2-/- mice, in particular, had enhanced tubular and capillary regeneration with less renal fibrosis. Anti-inflammatory IL-10 and the survival/growth kinase AKT levels were especially high in kidneys of C5aR2-/- mice following IRI. LPS caused bone marrow-derived macrophages from C5aR2-/- mice to release IL-10 and to express the stress response enzyme heme oxygenase-1. Thus, C5aR1 and C5aR2 have overlapping actions in which the kidneys of C5aR2-/- mice regenerate better than those in C5aR1-/- mice following IRI. This is mediated, at least in part, by differential production of IL-10, heme oxygenase-1 and AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Thorenz
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katja Derlin
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Vijith Vijayan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pooja Pradhan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Jörns
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Echtermeyer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Herzog
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Song Rong
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Torsten Kirsch
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Klemann
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center of Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Meier
- Imaging Center of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Klos
- Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bennet Hensen
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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17
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Tang M, Zhang K, Li Y, He QH, Li GQ, Zheng QY, Zhang KQ. Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate acute kidney injury by down-regulating C5a/C5aR pathway activation. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:1545-1553. [PMID: 29594894 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) leads to serious renal damage, and early inhibition of inflammation is necessary for its treatment. C5a/C5aR signaling activation promotes inflammatory response in tissue injury. Anti-inflammatory activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) makes it possible to alleviate AKI by controlling the C5a/C5aR signaling activation. METHODS Ischemia reperfusion (I/R)-induced AKI models in wild-type and C5aR KO mice were used. In addition, human bone marrow MSCs (hBM-MSCs) or C5aR antagonist were injected in this model. All animals were killed at 72 h after reperfusion. In vitro, the LPS-activated macrophage line RAW264.7 cells were co-cultured with or without hBM-MSCs in the presence of recombinant C5a or not for indicated time points. After that, C5aR expression, the inflammatory factor production, and NF-κB translocation in RAW264.7 cells were measured. RESULTS hBM-MSC treatment and C5a/C5aR signaling blockade or C5aR-deficiency exhibited similar attenuated effects on I/R-induced AKI, macrophages infiltration, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β expression in renal tissues in mice. Moreover, hBM-MSC administration led to a significant reduction in C5a levels in serum and C5aR expression in the kidney tissues in mice after I/R. In vitro, upon co-culture with hBM-MSCs, both C5aR expression and the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and nitric oxide in LPS-activated macrophages were markedly reduced. Accordingly, recombinant complement C5a accelerated LPS-induced NF-κB translocation and pro-inflammatory factors expression in macrophages, but the addition of hBM-MSCs reversed these C5a-induced effects. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that hBM-MSCs alleviate AKI via suppressing C5a/C5aR-NF-κB pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - You Li
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qian-Hui He
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Gui-Qing Li
- Department of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Quan-You Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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18
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Saparov A, Ogay V, Nurgozhin T, Chen WCW, Mansurov N, Issabekova A, Zhakupova J. Role of the immune system in cardiac tissue damage and repair following myocardial infarction. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:739-51. [PMID: 28600668 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The immune system plays a crucial role in the initiation, development, and resolution of inflammation following myocardial infarction (MI). The lack of oxygen and nutrients causes the death of cardiomyocytes and leads to the exposure of danger-associated molecular patterns that are recognized by the immune system to initiate inflammation. RESULTS At the initial stage of post-MI inflammation, the immune system further damages cardiac tissue to clear cell debris. The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by immune cells and the inability of the anti-oxidant system to neutralize ROS cause oxidative stress that further aggravates inflammation. On the other hand, the cells of both innate and adaptive immune system and their secreted factors are critically instrumental in the very dynamic and complex processes of regulating inflammation and mediating cardiac repair. CONCLUSIONS It is important to decipher the balance between detrimental and beneficial effects of the immune system in MI. This enables us to identify better therapeutic targets for reducing the infarct size, sustaining the cardiac function, and minimizing the likelihood of heart failure. This review discusses the role of both innate and adaptive immune systems in cardiac tissue damage and repair in experimental models of MI.
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Wang S, Peng L, Gai Z, Zhang L, Jong A, Cao H, Huang SH. Pathogenic Triad in Bacterial Meningitis: Pathogen Invasion, NF-κB Activation, and Leukocyte Transmigration that Occur at the Blood-Brain Barrier. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:148. [PMID: 26925035 PMCID: PMC4760054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis remains the leading cause of disabilities worldwide. This life-threatening disease has a high mortality rate despite the availability of antibiotics and improved critical care. The interactions between bacterial surface components and host defense systems that initiate bacterial meningitis have been studied in molecular and cellular detail over the past several decades. Bacterial meningitis commonly exhibits triad hallmark features (THFs): pathogen penetration, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation in coordination with type 1 interferon (IFN) signaling and leukocyte transmigration that occur at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which consists mainly of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC). This review outlines the progression of these early inter-correlated events contributing to the central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and injury during the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis. A better understanding of these issues is not only imperative to elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of bacterial meningitis, but may also provide the in-depth insight into the development of novel therapeutic interventions against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Wang
- Department of Children's Medical Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongtao Gai
- Department of Children's Medical Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Lehai Zhang
- Department of Children's Medical Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Ambrose Jong
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-He Huang
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
Myocardial infarction is defined as sudden ischemic death of myocardial tissue. In the clinical context, myocardial infarction is usually due to thrombotic occlusion of a coronary vessel caused by rupture of a vulnerable plaque. Ischemia induces profound metabolic and ionic perturbations in the affected myocardium and causes rapid depression of systolic function. Prolonged myocardial ischemia activates a "wavefront" of cardiomyocyte death that extends from the subendocardium to the subepicardium. Mitochondrial alterations are prominently involved in apoptosis and necrosis of cardiomyocytes in the infarcted heart. The adult mammalian heart has negligible regenerative capacity, thus the infarcted myocardium heals through formation of a scar. Infarct healing is dependent on an inflammatory cascade, triggered by alarmins released by dying cells. Clearance of dead cells and matrix debris by infiltrating phagocytes activates anti-inflammatory pathways leading to suppression of cytokine and chemokine signaling. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and release of transforming growth factor-β induce conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, promoting deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Infarct healing is intertwined with geometric remodeling of the chamber, characterized by dilation, hypertrophy of viable segments, and progressive dysfunction. This review manuscript describes the molecular signals and cellular effectors implicated in injury, repair, and remodeling of the infarcted heart, the mechanistic basis of the most common complications associated with myocardial infarction, and the pathophysiologic effects of established treatment strategies. Moreover, we discuss the implications of pathophysiological insights in design and implementation of new promising therapeutic approaches for patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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21
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Mavroidis M, Davos CH, Psarras S, Varela A, C Athanasiadis N, Katsimpoulas M, Kostavasili I, Maasch C, Vater A, van Tintelen JP, Capetanaki Y. Complement system modulation as a target for treatment of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:27. [PMID: 25851234 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation may contribute to disease progression in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). However, its role in this process is unresolved. Our goal was to delineate the pathogenic role of the complement system in a new animal model of ACM and in human disease. Using cardiac histology, echocardiography, and electrocardiography, we have demonstrated that the desmin-null mouse (Des-/-) recapitulates most of the pathognomonic features of human ACM. Massive complement activation was observed in the Des-/- myocardium in areas of necrotic cells debris and inflammatory infiltrate. Analysis of C5aR-/-Des-/- double-null animals and a pharmaceutical approach using a C5a inhibitor were used to delineate the pathogenic role of the complement system in the disease progression. Our findings indicate that inhibiting C5aR (CD88) signaling improves cardiac function, histopathology, arrhythmias, and survival after endurance. Containment of the inflammatory reaction at the initiation of cardiac tissue injury (2-3 weeks of age), with consequently reduced myocardial remodeling and the absence of a direct long-lasting detrimental effect of C5a-C5aR signaling on cardiomyocytes, could explain the beneficial action of C5aR ablation in Des-/- cardiomyopathy. We extend the relevance of these findings to human pathophysiology by showing for the first time significant complement activation in the cardiac tissues of patients with ACM, thus suggesting that complement modulation could be a new therapeutic target for ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis Mavroidis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece,
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22
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Tawk MY, Zimmermann K, Bossu J, Potrich C, Bourcier T, Dalla Serra M, Poulain B, Prévost G, Jover E. Internalization of staphylococcal leukotoxins that bind and divert the
C
5a receptor is required for intracellular
Ca
2+
mobilization by human neutrophils. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:1241-57. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Y. Tawk
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg EA7290 Virulence Bactérienne Précoce Institut de Bactériologie et Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Kiran Zimmermann
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg EA7290 Virulence Bactérienne Précoce Institut de Bactériologie et Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Jean‐Louis Bossu
- INCI – UPR‐CNRS 3212 Physiologie des réseaux de neurones Strasbourg France
| | - Cristina Potrich
- National Research Council of Italy Institute of Biophysics and Bruno Kessler Foundation Trento Italy
| | - Tristan Bourcier
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg EA7290 Virulence Bactérienne Précoce Institut de Bactériologie et Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Mauro Dalla Serra
- National Research Council of Italy Institute of Biophysics and Bruno Kessler Foundation Trento Italy
| | - Bernard Poulain
- INCI – UPR‐CNRS 3212 Physiologie des réseaux de neurones Strasbourg France
| | - Gilles Prévost
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg EA7290 Virulence Bactérienne Précoce Institut de Bactériologie et Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Emmanuel Jover
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg EA7290 Virulence Bactérienne Précoce Institut de Bactériologie et Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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Elvington M, Scheiber M, Yang X, Lyons K, Jacqmin D, Wadsworth C, Marshall D, Vanek K, Tomlinson S. Complement-dependent modulation of antitumor immunity following radiation therapy. Cell Rep 2014; 8:818-30. [PMID: 25066124 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement is traditionally thought of as a proinflammatory effector mechanism of antitumor immunity. However, complement is also important for effective clearance of apoptotic cells, which can be an anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic process. We show that localized fractionated radiation therapy (RT) of subcutaneous murine lymphoma results in tumor cell apoptosis and local complement activation. Cotreatment of mice with tumor-targeted complement inhibition markedly improved therapeutic outcome of RT, an effect linked to early increases in apoptotic cell numbers and increased inflammation. Improved outcome was dependent on an early neutrophil influx and was characterized by increased numbers of mature dendritic cells and the subsequent modulation of T cell immunity. Appropriate complement inhibition may be a promising strategy to enhance a mainstay of treatment for cancer.
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Lappegård KT, Garred P, Jonasson L, Espevik T, Aukrust P, Yndestad A, Mollnes TE, Hovland A. A vital role for complement in heart disease. Mol Immunol 2014; 61:126-34. [PMID: 25037633 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart diseases are common and significant contributors to worldwide mortality and morbidity. During recent years complement mediated inflammation has been shown to be an important player in a variety of heart diseases. Despite some negative results from clinical trials using complement inhibitors, emerging evidence points to an association between the complement system and heart diseases. Thus, complement seems to be important in coronary heart disease as well as in heart failure, where several studies underscore the prognostic importance of complement activation. Furthermore, patients with atrial fibrillation often share risk factors both with coronary heart disease and heart failure, and there is some evidence implicating complement activation in atrial fibrillation. Moreover, Chagas heart disease, a protozoal infection, is an important cause of heart failure in Latin America, and the complement system is crucial for the protozoa-host interaction. Thus, complement activation appears to be involved in the pathophysiology of a diverse range of cardiac conditions. Determination of the exact role of complement in the various heart diseases will hopefully help to identify patients that might benefit from therapeutic complement intervention.
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