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Yavuz A, Küçük A, Ergörün Aİ, Dursun AD, Yiğman Z, Alkan M, Arslan M. Evaluation of the efficacy of silymarin and dexmedetomidine on kidney and lung tissue in the treatment of sepsis in rats with cecal perforation. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:242. [PMID: 38655036 PMCID: PMC11036365 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome that develops in the host against microorganisms. This response develops away from the primary infection site and results in end-organ damage. The present study aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects on lung and kidney tissue of silymarin (S) and dexmedetomidine (DEX) applied 1 h before and after sepsis induced by the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method in rats. A total of 62 rats was randomly divided into eight groups: i) Control (n=6); ii) cecal perforation (CLP; n=8); iii) S + CLP (n=8; S + CLP; S administered 1 h before CPL); iv) CLP + S (n=8; S administered 1 h after CLP); v) DEX + CLP (n=8; D + CLP; DEX administered 1 h before CLP); vi) CLP + D (n=8; DEX administered 1 h after CLP); vii) SD + CLP (n=8; S and DEX administered 1 h before CLP) and viii) CLP + SD (n=8; S and DEX administered 1 h after CLP). After the cecum filled with stool, it was tied with 3/0 silk under the ileocecal valve and the anterior surface of the cecum was punctured twice with an 18-gauge needle. A total of 100 mg/kg silymarin and 100 µg/kg DEX were administered intraperitoneally to the treatment groups. Lung and kidney tissue samples were collected to evaluate biochemical and histopathological parameters. In the histopathological examination, all parameters indicating kidney injury; interstitial edema, peritubular capillary dilatation, vacuolization, ablation of tubular epithelium from the basement membrane, loss of brush border in the proximal tubule epithelium, cell swelling and nuclear defragmentation; were increased in the CLP compared with the control group. Silymarin administration increased kidney damage, including ablation of tubular epithelium from the basement membrane, compared with that in the CLP group. DEX significantly reduced kidney damage compared with the CLP and silymarin groups. The co-administration of DEX + silymarin decreased kidney damage, although it was not as effective as DEX-alone. To conclude, intraperitoneal DEX ameliorated injury in CLP rats. DEX + silymarin partially ameliorated injury but silymarin administration increased damage. As a result, silymarin has a negative effects with this dosage and DEX has a protective effect. In the present study, it was determined that using the two drugs together had a greater therapeutic effect than silymarin and no differences in the effects were not observed any when the application times of the agents were changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Yavuz
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Küçük
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya Health Science University, Kutahya 43020, Turkey
| | - Aydan İremnur Ergörün
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Ali Doğan Dursun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atılım University, Ankara 06830, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Yiğman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Metin Alkan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
- Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Gazi University, Ankara 06830, Turkey
- Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Research Center, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
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Sun Q, Kamath P, Sun Y, Liang M, Wu L, Chang E, Chen Q, Alam A, Liu Y, Zhao H, Ma D. Dexmedetomidine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced renal cell fibrotic phenotypic changes by inhibiting necroinflammation via activating α 2-adrenoceptor: A combined randomised animal and in vitro study. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116462. [PMID: 38513598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) was reported to be one of the initiators of chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. Necroinflammation may contribute to the progression from AKI to CKD. Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a highly selective α2-adrenoreceptor (AR) agonist, has cytoprotective and "anti-" inflammation effects. This study was designed to investigate the anti-fibrotic properties of Dex in sepsis models. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly treated with an i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (10 mg/kg) alone, LPS with Dex (25 μg/kg), or LPS, Dex and Atipamezole (Atip, an α2-adrenoreceptor antagonist) (500 μg/kg) (n=5/group). Human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK2) were also cultured and then exposed to LPS (1 μg/ml) alone, LPS and Dex (1 μM), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) (5 ng/ml) alone, TGF-β1 and Dex, with or without Atip (100 μM) in culture media. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell necrosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation were then determined. RESULTS Dex treatment significantly alleviated LPS-induced AKI, myofibroblast activation, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and necroptosis in mice. Atip counteracted its protective effects. Dex attenuated LPS or TGF-β1 induced EMT and also prevented necrosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis in response to LPS stimulation in the HK2 cells. The anti-EMT effects of Dex were associated with JNK phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Dex reduced EMT following LPS stimulation whilst simultaneously inhibiting pyroptosis and necroptosis via α2-AR activation in the renal tubular cells. The "anti-fibrotic" and cytoprotective properties and its clinical use of Dex need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhe Sun
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Priyanka Kamath
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Yibing Sun
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Lingzhi Wu
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Enqiang Chang
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Qian Chen
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Azeem Alam
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital (Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University), Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hailin Zhao
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK; Perioperative and Systems Medicine Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Liu Y, Hu Q, Xu S, Li W, Liu J, Han L, Mao H, Cai F, Liu Q, Zhu R, Fang C, Lou Y, Wang Z, Yang H, Wang W. Antidepressant effects of dexmedetomidine compared with ECT in patients with treatment-resistant depression. J Affect Disord 2024; 347:437-444. [PMID: 38000472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This pilot study was designed to investigate the antidepressant effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The antidepressant effects of dexmedetomidine was compared with ECT, which is widely used in clinical practice for treatment of patients with TRD. METHODS Seventy six patients with TRD were randomly assigned to receive 10 sessions of DEX infusions or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatment. The primary outcome was the changes of depression severity determined by the improvement of 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-24). The second outcomes were the rates of therapeutic response (reduction in HDRS-24 ≥ 50 %) and remission (HDRS-24 ≤ 10 and reduction in HDRS-24 ≥ 60 %) at posttreatment and after 3 months of follow-up visits. RESULTS We found that 10 sessions of DEX infusions or ECT treatments significantly improved HDRS-24 scores at posttreatment and after 3 months of follow-up visits compared with the baseline. In addition, there was no significant difference between DEX infusions and ECT treatments regarding HDRS-24 at these evaluating points. Furthermore, the depression severity dropped to mild after 2 sessions of DEX infusion. In contrast, at least 6 sessions of ECT treatment were needed to achieve a same level. Finally, the rates of therapeutic response and remission were comparable between the two groups. No serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS Based on current published evidence, we conclude that DEX exhibits rapid and durable antidepressant properties similar to ECT but with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Liu
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
| | - Qiyun Hu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Sen Xu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Wanwen Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310063, China
| | - Junyun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310063, China
| | - Liang Han
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Hui Mao
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Fang Cai
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Qiaoyan Liu
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Renlai Zhu
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Caiyun Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310063, China
| | - Yifei Lou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiaxing Hospital of T.C.M., Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314015, China
| | - Huiling Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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Qiu W, Zhang X, Pang X, Huang J, Zhou S, Wu R, Wang R, Tang Z, Su R. Tert-butylhydroquinone attenuates LPS-induced pyroptosis of IPEC-J2 cells via downregulating HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB axis. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:194-205. [PMID: 37675629 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory response induced by biological stress usually occurs in weaning piglets, it reduces the production performance of piglets and even causes death. Tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) is a food additive that has the effect of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. However, there are few reports related to the protective mechanisms of TBHQ on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced injury in intestinal porcine epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively, detected the mRNA levels and protein expressions related to pyroptosis, tight junction (TJ) protein and high-mobility group box 1/toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B (HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB) axis. Localisation and expression of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), HMGB1 and P-NF-κB proteins detected by immunofluorescence. The results showed that TBHQ (12.5 and 25 μM) can increase cell activity and reduce intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in a dose-dependent manner. LPS significantly decreases cell viability and increases the LDH level. However, pretreatment with TBHQ evidently increases cell viability and decreases the LDH level of IPEC-J2 cells. In addition, treatment with LPS decreased the mRNA level and protein expression of zonula occludens-1, occludin and claudin-1, and increased the mRNA level and protein expression of pyroptosis and HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB axis. Interestingly, pretreatment with TBHQ increased the TJ protein expressions as well as decreased the mRNA level and protein expressions of pyroptosis and HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB axis. Moreover, the results of immunofluorescence showed that TBHQ significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3, HMGB1 and P-NF-κB in LPS-induced injury of IPEC-J2 cells. Therefore, we come to the conclusion that TBHQ attenuates LPS-induced pyroptosis in IPEC-J2 cells through downregulation of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB axis, TBHQ may become a potential feed additive for preventing inflammatory diarrhoea in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China of Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinting Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China of Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyue Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China of Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjia Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China of Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuilian Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China of Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruixia Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China of Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongmei Wang
- Yingdong College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China of Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongsheng Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China of Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Andersson U, Tracey KJ. Vagus nerve SARS-CoV-2 infection and inflammatory reflex dysfunction: Is there a causal relationship? J Intern Med 2024; 295:91-102. [PMID: 38018736 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Autonomic dysfunction is a clinical hallmark of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The vagus nerve inflammatory reflex is an important, well-characterized mechanism for the reflexive suppression of cytokine storm, and its experimental or clinical impairment facilitates the onset and progression of hyperinflammation. Recent pathological evidence from COVID-19 victims reveals viral infection and inflammation in the vagus nerve and associated nuclei in the medulla oblongata. Although it has been suggested that vagus nerve inflammation in these patients mediates dysregulated respiration, whether it also contributes to dysfunction of the vagus nerve inflammatory reflex has not been addressed. Because lethality and tissue injury in acute COVID-19 are characterized by cytokine storm, it is plausible to consider evidence that impairment of the inflammatory reflex may contribute to overproduction of cytokines and resultant hyperinflammatory pathogenesis. Accordingly, here the authors discuss the inflammatory reflex, the consequences of its dysfunction in COVID-19, and whether there are opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
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Francis MR, El-Sheakh AR, Suddek GM. Saroglitazar, a dual PPAR-α/γ agonist, alleviates LPS-induced hepatic and renal injury in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109688. [PMID: 36681027 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin within gram-negative bacteria, is associated with systemic acute inflammatory response after invading living tissues and results in sepsis. The liver and kidney are both major target organs in sepsis. Septic acute hepatic-renal injury is a serious clinical condition with high risk of morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, effective treatment is still lacking. AIM This study highlights saroglitazar (SAR), a dual PPAR-α/γ agonist, as a proposed prophylactic drug against LPS-induced hepatic-renal injury. MAIN METHODS Rats were pretreated with SAR (2 and 4 mg/kg/day) for 15 days, while sepsis was induced by LPS injection (10 mg/kg) on day 15 one hour following SAR oral administration. KEY FINDINGS SAR pretreatment could successfully mitigate LPS-induced hepatic-renal injury, evidenced by enhancement of renal and hepatic functions and a decrease of tissue pathological injury. Meanwhile, SAR alleviated LPS-induced oxidative stress; it reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and ameliorated decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). LPS-induced elevations in hepatic and renal nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa B alpha (p-IκBα), interferon-beta (IFN-β), and hepatic high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) contents were significantly attenuated in SAR-treated groups. SAR showed an advantageous impact against LPS-induced activation of non-canonical inflammasome and pyroptosis via a significant reduction in cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-11 (Caspase-11) and gasdermin D (GSDMD) expressions. Moreover, Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain (NOD)-Like Receptor Protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation with concomitant expression and activation of caspase-1 and release of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) were considerably diminished following SAR pretreatment. SIGNIFICANCE SAR could be considered a prophylactic anti-inflammatory antioxidant drug against LPS-induced liver and kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R Francis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed R El-Sheakh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Li D, Wu J, Xiong X. The Role of the Acetylcholine System in Common Respiratory Diseases and COVID-19. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36770805 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As an indispensable component in human beings, the acetylcholine system regulates multiple physiological processes not only in neuronal tissues but also in nonneuronal tissues. However, since the concept of the "Nonneuronal cholinergic system (NNCS)" has been proposed, the role of the acetylcholine system in nonneuronal tissues has received increasing attention. A growing body of research shows that the acetylcholine system also participates in modulating inflammatory responses, regulating contraction and mucus secretion of respiratory tracts, and influencing the metastasis and invasion of lung cancer. In addition, the susceptibility and severity of respiratory tract infections caused by pathogens such as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can also correlate with the regulation of the acetylcholine system. In this review, we summarized the major roles of the acetylcholine system in respiratory diseases. Despite existing achievements in the field of the acetylcholine system, we hope that more in-depth investigations on this topic will be conducted to unearth more possible pharmaceutical applications for the treatment of diverse respiratory diseases.
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Wang X, Li YR, Shi Y, Li X, Luo J, Zhang Y, Qi B, Wu F, Sun Y, Pan Z, Tian J. Dexmedetomidine ameliorates liver injury and maintains liver function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy: a retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1108559. [PMID: 37152009 PMCID: PMC10160666 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1108559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although dexmedetomidine (DEX) is widely used during the perioperative period in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), its clinical effects on liver function and postoperative inflammation are unclear. This study aimed to explore effects of DEX on postoperative liver function and inflammation in patients with HCC after hepatectomy. Methods A retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching was performed. A total of 494 patients who underwent hepatectomy from June 2019 to July 2020 and fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included in this study. Baseline data, liver function indexes and inflammation-related biomarkers were collected and compared between the two groups. Survival analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of DEX on the overall survival (OS) of patients. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to minimize bias between the two groups. Results The study cohort comprised 189 patients in the DEX-free group and 305 patients in the DEX group. Patients in the DEX group had lower levels of alanine transaminase (ALT, P = 0.018) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, P = 0.046) and higher level of serum albumin (ALB, P < 0.001) than patients in the DEX-free group before discharge. A total of 107 pairs of patients were successfully matched by PSM. Results consistently suggested that ALT and LDH levels were significantly lower (P = 0.044 and P = 0.046, respectively) and ALB levels were significantly higher (P = 0.002) in the DEX group than in the DEX-free group in the early postoperative period. No significant differences of inflammation-related biomarkers were observed between two groups after PSM. Neither the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis nor the multiple Cox regression survival analysis identified DEX as a contributing factor that would affect the OS of patients after PSM. Conclusion DEX exerts protective effects on liver function while has little effects on inflammation-related biomarkers in the early postoperative period in patients undergoing hepatectomy due to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-ran Li
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumiao Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamei Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuming Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiying Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Tian, ; Zhiying Pan,
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Tian, ; Zhiying Pan,
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Nummela A, Laaksonen L, Scheinin A, Kaisti K, Vahlberg T, Neuvonen M, Valli K, Revonsuo A, Perola M, Niemi M, Scheinin H, Laitio T. Circulating oxylipin and bile acid profiles of dexmedetomidine, propofol, sevoflurane, and S-ketamine: a randomised controlled trial using tandem mass spectrometry. BJA Open 2022; 4:100114. [PMID: 37588789 PMCID: PMC10430865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjao.2022.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Background This exploratory study aimed to investigate whether dexmedetomidine, propofol, sevoflurane, and S-ketamine affect oxylipins and bile acids, which are functionally diverse molecules with possible connections to cellular bioenergetics, immune modulation, and organ protection. Methods In this randomised, open-label, controlled, parallel group, Phase IV clinical drug trial, healthy male subjects (n=160) received equipotent doses (EC50 for verbal command) of dexmedetomidine (1.5 ng ml-1; n=40), propofol (1.7 μg ml-1; n=40), sevoflurane (0.9% end-tidal; n=40), S-ketamine (0.75 μg ml-1; n=20), or placebo (n=20). Blood samples for tandem mass spectrometry were obtained at baseline, after study drug administration at 60 and 130 min from baseline; 40 metabolites were analysed. Results Statistically significant changes vs placebo were observed in 62.5%, 12.5%, 5.0%, and 2.5% of analytes in dexmedetomidine, propofol, sevoflurane, and S-ketamine groups, respectively. Data are presented as standard deviation score, 95% confidence interval, and P-value. Dexmedetomidine induced wide-ranging decreases in oxylipins and bile acids. Amongst others, 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid (DiHOME) -1.19 (-1.6; -0.78), P<0.001 and 12,13-DiHOME -1.22 (-1.66; -0.77), P<0.001 were affected. Propofol elevated 9,10-DiHOME 2.29 (1.62; 2.96), P<0.001 and 12,13-DiHOME 2.13 (1.42; 2.84), P<0.001. Analytes were mostly unaffected by S-ketamine. Sevoflurane decreased tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) -2.7 (-3.84; -1.55), P=0.015. Conclusions Dexmedetomidine-induced oxylipin alterations may be connected to pathways associated with organ protection. In contrast to dexmedetomidine, propofol emulsion elevated DiHOMEs, oxylipins associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, and mitochondrial dysfunction in high concentrations. Further research is needed to establish the behaviour of DIHOMEs during prolonged propofol/dexmedetomidine infusions and to verify the sevoflurane-induced reduction in TUDCA, a suggested neuroprotective agent. Clinical trial registration NCT02624401.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi Nummela
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Laaksonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Peri-operative Services, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Annalotta Scheinin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Peri-operative Services, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaike Kaisti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Peri-operative Services, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Biostatistics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Neuvonen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Valli
- Department of Peri-operative Services, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, and Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Philosophy, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Antti Revonsuo
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, and Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Philosophy, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harry Scheinin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Peri-operative Services, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Laitio
- Department of Peri-operative Services, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Qi Y, Ma W, Cao Y, Chen Q, Xu Q, Xiao S, Lu W, Wang Z. Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Intestinal Barrier in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery–A Single-Center Randomized Clinical Trial. J Surg Res 2022; 277:181-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Sun M, Wang R, Xia R, Xia Z, Wu Z, Wang T. Amelioration of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetes: A narrative review of the mechanisms and clinical applications of dexmedetomidine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:949754. [PMID: 36120296 PMCID: PMC9470922 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.949754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury are complex and multifactorial. Many strategies have been developed to ameliorate myocardial I/R injuries based on these mechanisms. However, the cardioprotective effects of these strategies appear to diminish in diabetic states. Diabetes weakens myocardial responses to therapies by disrupting intracellular signaling pathways which may be responsible for enhancing cellular resistance to damage. Intriguingly, it was found that Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a potent and selective α2-adrenergic agonist, appears to have the property to reverse diabetes-related inhibition of most intervention-mediated myocardial protection and exert a protective effect. Several mechanisms were revealed to be involved in DEX’s protection in diabetic rodent myocardial I/R models, including PI3K/Akt and associated GSK-3β pathway stimulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) alleviation, and apoptosis inhibition. In addition, DEX could attenuate diabetic myocardial I/R injury by up-regulating autophagy, reducing ROS production, and inhibiting the inflammatory response through HMGB1 pathways. The regulation of autonomic nervous function also appeared to be involved in the protective mechanisms of DEX. In the present review, the evidence and underlying mechanisms of DEX in ameliorating myocardial I/R injury in diabetes are summarized, and the potential of DEX for the treatment/prevention of myocardial I/R injury in diabetic patients is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhilin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhilin Wu, ; Tingting Wang,
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhilin Wu, ; Tingting Wang,
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12
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Beyer D, Hoff J, Sommerfeld O, Zipprich A, Gaßler N, Press AT. The liver in sepsis: molecular mechanism of liver failure and their potential for clinical translation. Mol Med 2022; 28:84. [PMID: 35907792 PMCID: PMC9338540 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver failure is a life-threatening complication of infections restricting the host's response to infection. The pivotal role of the liver in metabolic, synthetic, and immunological pathways enforces limits the host's ability to control the immune response appropriately, making it vulnerable to ineffective pathogen resistance and tissue damage. Deregulated networks of liver diseases are gradually uncovered by high-throughput, single-cell resolved OMICS technologies visualizing an astonishing diversity of cell types and regulatory interaction driving tolerogenic signaling in health and inflammation in disease. Therefore, this review elucidates the effects of the dysregulated host response on the liver, consequences for the immune response, and possible avenues for personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Beyer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Jessica Hoff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Bachstr. 18, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Sommerfeld
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Bachstr. 18, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Zipprich
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Gaßler
- Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Adrian T Press
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany. .,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Bachstr. 18, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Kastanienstr. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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Andersson U, Yang H. HMGB1 is a critical molecule in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative sepsis. J Intensive Med 2022; 2:156-166. [PMID: 36789020 PMCID: PMC9924014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative sepsis is a severe clinical syndrome associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), expressed on Gram-negative bacteria, is a potent pro-inflammatory toxin that induces inflammation and coagulation via two separate receptor systems. One is Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), expressed on cell surfaces and in endosomes, and the other is the cytosolic receptor caspase-11 (caspases-4 and -5 in humans). Extracellular LPS binds to high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, a cytokine-like molecule. The HMGB1-LPS complex is transported via receptor for advanced glycated end products (RAGE)-endocytosis to the endolysosomal system to reach the cytosolic LPS receptor caspase-11 to induce HMGB1 release, inflammation, and coagulation that may cause multi-organ failure. The insight that LPS needs HMGB1 assistance to generate severe inflammation has led to successful therapeutic results in preclinical Gram-negative sepsis studies targeting HMGB1. However, to date, no clinical studies have been performed based on this strategy. HMGB1 is also actively released by peripheral sensory nerves and this mechanism is fundamental for the initiation and propagation of inflammation during tissue injury. Homeostasis is achieved when other neurons actively restrict the inflammatory response via monitoring by the central nervous system and the vagus nerve through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. The neuronal control in Gram-negative sepsis needs further studies since a deeper understanding of the interplay between HMGB1 and acetylcholine may have beneficial therapeutic implications. Herein, we review the synergistic overlapping mechanisms of LPS and HMGB1 and discuss future treatment opportunities in Gram-negative sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
- Corresponding author: Ulf Andersson, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.
| | - Huan Yang
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States of America
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14
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Li M, Zhang C, Zhou L, Sun X, Wang T, Fu F. Continuous Activation of Dopamine Receptors Alleviates LPS-Induced Liver Injury in Mice via β-arrestin2 Dependent Akt/NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:853834. [PMID: 35359858 PMCID: PMC8963954 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.853834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies showed that dopamine receptors (DRs) agonists have anti-inflammatory effects. Rotigotine, a non-ergot dopamine receptor agonist, mainly actives DRD2/DRD3/DRD1. Rotigotine extended-release microspheres (RoMS) are a sustained-release formulation that can release sustainably rotigotine for more than 7 days after a single dose of RoMS. This study aimed to investigate whether RoMS can attenuate the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury of mice. The liver injury was evaluated by assaying serum transaminase and observing histopathological changes. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum were also detected. Western blot was employed to assay the expression of proteins in the Akt/NF-κB pathway. The results showed that pre-administration with a single dose of RoMS could inhibit the increase of serum transaminase induced by LPS, alleviate the pathological damage of liver tissue, and decrease the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. In addition, RoMS decreased Toll-like receptor 4 protein expression in liver tissue. RoMS mitigated liver injury by activating DRs and negatively regulating the β-arrestin2-dependent Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. The effects of RoMS could be weakened or abolished by the specific DRD2 antagonist, R121. In conclusion, activation of DRs inhibited the releases of pro-inflammatory cytokines and alleviated the immune-mediated liver injury induced by LPS in mice. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of RoMS may be related to the regulation of the β-arrestin2-dependent Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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15
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Shi B, Zhang J, Chen Q, M.a B. Liver and Kidney Surgical Anatomy to Verify the Effect of miR-221 on Organ Damage in Septic Rats. Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022; 2022:1-7. [PMID: 35186224 PMCID: PMC8856800 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2814431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Related studies have shown that miR-221 has the ability to promote inflammatory response. This experiment mainly discusses the effect of miR-221 on acute liver and kidney injury in septic rats. Method Thirty Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a (1) control group, (2) sepsis group, (3) miR-221 overexpression group, (4) miR-221 inhibition group, (5) HECTD2 inhibition group, and (6) miR-221 overexpression + HECTD2 inhibition group. The sepsis rat model was prepared by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The expression levels of miR-221 and HECTD2 were detected by RT-qPCR. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the liver were detected by the IFCC method. The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were detected by the creatine oxidase method. The levels of inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. The apoptosis rate of liver and kidney cells was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of p65 protein was detected by western blotting. Result RT-qPCR results showed that the expressions of miR-221 and HECTD2 were upregulated in septic rats (P < 0.05). Compared with group 1, the liver function index, kidney function index, liver and kidney apoptosis rate, serum inflammatory factor level, and p65 protein expression in each group were increased (P < 0.05). Compared with group 2, the liver function index, kidney function index, liver and kidney apoptosis rate, serum inflammatory factor level, and p65 protein expression in groups 4 and 5 were decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with group 2, the expression of HECTD2 was upregulated in group 3 (P < 0.05). Compared with group 3, the liver function index, renal function index, liver and kidney apoptosis rate, serum inflammatory factor level, and p65 protein expression were decreased in group 6 (P < 0.05). Conclusion MiR-221 promotes the expression of HECTD2 in septic rats, and inhibition of miR-221 expression can reduce the degree of liver and kidney injury in septic rats.
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Li Y, Wu B, Hu C, Hu J, Lian Q, Li J, Ma D. The role of the vagus nerve on dexmedetomidine promoting survival and lung protection in a sepsis model in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 914:174668. [PMID: 34863997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis often results in acute lung injury (ALI). Dexmedetomidine (Dex) was reported to protect cells and organs due to its direct cellular effects. This study aims to investigate the role of vagus nerves on Dex induced lung protection in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI rats. METHODS The bilateral cervical vagus nerve of male Sprague-Dawley rats was sectioned or just exposed as sham surgery. After LPS administration, Dex antagonist yohimbine (YOH) and/or Dex was injected intraperitoneally to rats with or without vagotomy. The severity of ALI was determined with survival curve analysis and lung pathological scores. The plasma concentrations of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), catecholamine and acetylcholine were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The median survival time of LPS-induced ALI rats was prolonged by Dex (22 h, 95% CI, [24.46, 92.20]) vs. 14 h, 95% CI, [14.60, 89.57] of the LPS control group, P < 0.05), and the ALI score was reduced by Dex (6.5, 95% CI, [5.23, 8.10] vs. 11.5, 95% CI, [10.23, 13.10] in the LPS group, P < 0.01). However, these protective effects were significantly decreased by either YOH administration or vagotomy. Dex decreased LPS-induced IL-1β, TNF-α, and catecholamine but increased acetylcholine in blood serum; these effects of Dex was partially abolished by vagotomy. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that Dex increased vagal nerve tone that partially contributed to its anti-inflammatory and lung-protective effects. The indirect anti-inflammation and direct cytoprotection of Dex are likely through high vagal nerve tone and α2-adrenoceptor activation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binbin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Cong Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Abdel-Rafei MK, Thabet NM, El Tawel G, El Bakary NM, El Fatih NM, Sh Azab K. Role of leptin/STAT3 signaling and RIP-kinases in fucoxanthin influences on mice exposed to LPS and gamma radiation. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.2008451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed K. Abdel-Rafei
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noura M. Thabet
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada El Tawel
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen M. El Bakary
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neama M. El Fatih
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled Sh Azab
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Andersson U, Tracey KJ, Yang H. Post-Translational Modification of HMGB1 Disulfide Bonds in Stimulating and Inhibiting Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123323. [PMID: 34943830 PMCID: PMC8699546 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a highly conserved nuclear DNA-binding protein, is a “damage-associated molecular pattern” molecule (DAMP) implicated in both stimulating and inhibiting innate immunity. As reviewed here, HMGB1 is an oxidation-reduction sensitive DAMP bearing three cysteines, and the post-translational modification of these residues establishes its proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities by binding to different extracellular cell surface receptors. The redox-sensitive signaling mechanisms of HMGB1 also occupy an important niche in innate immunity because HMGB1 may carry other DAMPs and pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs). HMGB1 with DAMP/PAMP cofactors bind to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) which internalizes the HMGB1 complexes by endocytosis for incorporation in lysosomal compartments. Intra-lysosomal HMGB1 disrupts lysosomal membranes thereby releasing the HMGB1-transported molecules to stimulate cytosolic sensors that mediate inflammation. This HMGB1-DAMP/PAMP cofactor pathway slowed the development of HMGB1-binding antagonists for diagnostic or therapeutic use. However, recent discoveries that HMGB1 released from neurons mediates inflammation via the TLR4 receptor system, and that cancer cells express fully oxidized HMGB1 as an immunosuppressive mechanism, offer new paths to targeting HMGB1 for inflammation, pain, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-(70)-7401740
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (K.J.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Huan Yang
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (K.J.T.); (H.Y.)
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Kiryachkov YY, Bosenko SA, Muslimov BG, Petrova MV. Dysfunction of the Autonomic Nervous System and its Role in the Pathogenesis of Septic Critical Illness (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 12:106-116. [PMID: 34795998 PMCID: PMC8596275 DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) of the brain in sepsis can cause severe systemic inflammation and even death. Numerous data confirmed the role of ANS dysfunction in the occurrence, course, and outcome of systemic sepsis. The parasympathetic part of the ANS modifies the inflammation through cholinergic receptors of internal organs, macrophages, and lymphocytes (the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway). The sympathetic part of ANS controls the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes by influencing β2-adrenergic receptors, causing the activation of intracellular genes encoding the synthesis of cytokines (anti-inflammatory beta2-adrenergic receptor interleukin-10 pathway, β2AR–IL-10). The interaction of ANS with infectious agents and the immune system ensures the maintenance of homeostasis or the appearance of a critical generalized infection. During inflammation, the ANS participates in the inflammatory response by releasing sympathetic or parasympathetic neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. It is extremely important to determine the functional state of the ANS in critical conditions, since both cholinergic and sympathomimetic agents can act as either anti- or pro-inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Kiryachkov
- Head of the Department of Surgical and Resuscitation Technologies; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25, Bldg 2, Petrovka St., Moscow, 107031, Russia
| | - S A Bosenko
- Anesthesiologist; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25, Bldg 2, Petrovka St., Moscow, 107031, Russia
| | - B G Muslimov
- Deputy Chief Physician for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Konchalovsky Central City Hospital, 2, Bldg 1, Kashtanovaya Alley, Zelenograd, Moscow, 124489, Russia
| | - M V Petrova
- Professor, Deputy Director Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25, Bldg 2, Petrovka St., Moscow, 107031, Russia
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Wang S, Long L, Zang Q, Ma J, Yu L, Jia G. Vagus nerve stimulation mediates microglia M1/2 polarization via inhibition of TLR4 pathway after ischemic stroke. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 577:71-79. [PMID: 34507068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death and disability. Microglia are polarized toward the proinflammatory M1 phenotype and neuroprotective M2 phenotype after stroke and play an important role in the pathological process of ischemic stroke. Emerging research suggests that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) can mediate microglia polarization after ischemic stroke and may serve as a potential treatment for ischemic stroke. However, the mechanism by which VNS mediates microglia polarization remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham, ischemic stroke, ischemic stroke + VNS, ischemic stroke + VNS + lentivirus (LV)-TLR4 and ischemic stroke + VNS + LV-CON groups. LV was injected into the lateral ventricles of the rats 14 days before ischemic stroke surgery, and VNS was administered after 30 min of occlusion. We assessed the infarct volume, neurological scores, the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB protein level and microglia polarization after 3 days of reperfusion. Our results revealed that VNS can promote M2 microglia polarization and inhibit M1 microglia polarization to alleviate brain injury via inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in microglia in the acute stage of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Yilin Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Sanrong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Lu Long
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Qianwen Zang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Jingxi Ma
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400010, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China.
| | - Lehua Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Gongwei Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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21
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Chen SN, Tan Y, Xiao XC, Li Q, Wu Q, Peng YY, Ren J, Dong ML. Deletion of TLR4 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1610-1619. [PMID: 33495514 PMCID: PMC8463538 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic acute liver injury is one of the leading causes of fatalities in patients with sepsis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a vital role in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, but the mechanisms underlying TLR4 function in septic injury remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of TLR4 in LPS-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice with a focus on inflammation and apoptosis. Wild-type (WT) and TLR4-knockout (TLR4-/-) mice were challenged with LPS (4 mg/kg) for 6 h. TLR4 signaling cascade markers (TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB), inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6), and apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase 3) were evaluated. We showed that LPS challenge markedly increased the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and other liver pathological changes in WT mice. In addition, LPS challenge elevated the levels of liver carbonyl proteins and serum inflammatory cytokines, upregulated the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and phosphorylated NF-κB in liver tissues. Moreover, LPS challenge significantly increased hepatocyte apoptosis, caspase 3 activity, and Bax level while suppressing Bcl-2 expression in liver tissues. These pathological changes were greatly attenuated in TLR4-/- mice. Similar pathological responses were provoked in primary hepatic Kupffer cells isolated from WT and TLR4-/- mice following LPS (1 μg/mL, 6 h) challenge. In summary, these results demonstrate that silencing of TLR4 attenuates LPS-induced liver injury through inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. TLR4 deletion confers hepatoprotection against ALI induced by LPS, possibly by repressing macrophage inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Nan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Chan Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - You-You Peng
- Shanghai Hongrun Boyuan School, Shanghai, 201713, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Mao-Long Dong
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Shao G, He J, Meng J, Ma A, Geng X, Zhang S, Qiu Z, Lin D, Li M, Zhou H, Lin S, Yang B. Ganoderic Acids Prevent Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Inflammation and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10229. [PMID: 34638569 PMCID: PMC8508562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia reperfusion injury (RIRI) is one of the main causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), which can lead to acute renal failure. The development of RIRI is so complicated that it involves many factors such as inflammatory response, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Ganoderic acids (GAs), as one of the main pharmacological components of Ganoderma lucidum, have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other pharmacological effects. The study is aimed to investigate the protective effect of GAs on RIRI and explore related underlying mechanisms. The mechanisms involved were assessed by a mouse RIRI model and a hypoxia/reoxygenation model. Compared with sham-operated group, renal dysfunction and morphological damages were relieved markedly in GAs-pretreatment group. GAs pretreatment could reduce the production of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6, COX-2 and iNOS induced by RIRI through inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB signaling pathway. Furthermore, GAs reduced cell apoptosis via the decrease of the ratios of cleaved caspase-8 and cleaved caspase-3. The experimental results suggest that GAs prevent RIRI by alleviating tissue inflammation and apoptosis and might be developed as a candidate drug for preventing RIRI-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (G.S.); (J.H.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (X.G.); (S.Z.); (Z.Q.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jinzhao He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (G.S.); (J.H.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (X.G.); (S.Z.); (Z.Q.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (G.S.); (J.H.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (X.G.); (S.Z.); (Z.Q.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Ang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (G.S.); (J.H.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (X.G.); (S.Z.); (Z.Q.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqiang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (G.S.); (J.H.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (X.G.); (S.Z.); (Z.Q.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Shun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (G.S.); (J.H.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (X.G.); (S.Z.); (Z.Q.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zhiwei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (G.S.); (J.H.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (X.G.); (S.Z.); (Z.Q.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Dongmei Lin
- Fuzhou Institute of Green Valley Bio-Pharm Technology, Fuzhou 350002, China; (D.L.); (S.L.)
- JUNCAO Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (G.S.); (J.H.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (X.G.); (S.Z.); (Z.Q.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (G.S.); (J.H.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (X.G.); (S.Z.); (Z.Q.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Shuqian Lin
- Fuzhou Institute of Green Valley Bio-Pharm Technology, Fuzhou 350002, China; (D.L.); (S.L.)
- JUNCAO Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (G.S.); (J.H.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (X.G.); (S.Z.); (Z.Q.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China
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23
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Zhang H, Du Y, Guo Y, Wang Z, Li H, Lv Z, Zeng L, Chen Y, Xie Z, Li R. TLR4-NLRP3-GSDMD-Mediated Pyroptosis Plays an Important Role in Aggravated Liver Injury of CD38 -/- Sepsis Mice. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6687555. [PMID: 33860064 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6687555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically, severe bacterial infection can cause septicemia and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, especially liver injury. CD38 is closely related to many inflammatory pathways, but its role in liver injury caused by bacterial infection remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to discuss the specific role of CD38 in bacterial liver injury. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (WT, CD38−/− and CD38−/−TLR4mut) were used and stimulated with Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) or PBS, intraperitoneally. After 3 hours of bacterial stimulation, serum was collected to detect ALT and AST concentration, and liver tissue was harvested for hematoxylin and eosin staining and bacterial culture. The mRNA expressions of TLR4, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, and GSDMD were quantitatively determined by RT-qPCR. The expressions of TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, NF-κB p65, NLRP3, GSDMD, and cytokines were detected by Western blot. The expression and localization of ERK1/2 were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The results showed that bacterial stimulation could upregulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines, leading to hepatic dysfunction. Moreover, bacterial stimulation of CD38-deficient mice can aggravate the inflammatory response, the expressions of TLR4, NF-κB, and ERK1/2 were significantly increased, and the biomarkers related to pyroptosis also manifested more obvious pyroptosis. However, TLR4 mutation significantly alleviated inflammation and pyroptosis in the liver caused by bacteria, on the basis of CD38 deficiency. Overall, CD38 knockout exacerbates bacteria-induced liver damage through TLR4-NLRP3-GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis.
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Wang R, Wang N, Han Y, Xu J, Xu Z. Dulaglutide Alleviates LPS-Induced Injury in Cardiomyocytes. ACS Omega 2021; 6:8271-8278. [PMID: 33817486 PMCID: PMC8015136 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sepsis is a severe infection-induced disease with multiple organ failure, and sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy is a fatal condition. Inflammatory response and oxidative stress are reported to be involved in the development of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Dulaglutide is a novel antidiabetic agent that is currently reported to exert an anti-inflammatory effect. The present study aims to explore the potential protective property of dulaglutide on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury on cardiomyocytes. METHODS LPS was used to induce an in vitro injury model on cardiomyocytes. The mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected using MitoSOX red, and reduced glutathione (GSH) was measured to evaluate the status of oxidative stress in H9c2 myocardial cells. The expressions of NADPH oxidase-1 (NOX-1) and inducible nitric oxidesynthase (iNOS) were determined using real-time PCR and western blot analysis. Real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were both used to detect the expressions and concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-17, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in H9c2 myocardial cells, respectively. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was measured using the Griess reagent. The levels of creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were detected using ELISA. Western blot was utilized to determine the expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and p-NF-κB p65 in H9c2 myocardial cells in the nucleus. RESULTS First, dulaglutide ameliorated LPS-induced oxidative stress by suppressing the production of mitochondrial ROS and elevating the level of reduced GSH, as well as downregulating NOX-1. Second, the LPS-induced cardiomyocyte injury was alleviated by dulaglutide through downregulating CK-MB and cTnI, accompanied by inhibiting iNOS expression and NO production. Lastly, the production of inflammatory factors and upregulation of MMPs induced by LPS were both significantly reversed by dulaglutide through suppressing the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Dulaglutide alleviated LPS-induced injury in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital Affiliated of Tianjin Medical
University, Cangzhou, Hebei 061014, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular
Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular
Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Yuping Han
- Department of Cornea, Shanxi Ophthalmic
Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030002, China
| | - Jiyao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular
Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Zesheng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital Affiliated of Tianjin Medical
University, Cangzhou, Hebei 061014, China
- . Phone/Fax: +86-0317-2075013
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25
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She H, Zhu Y, Deng H, Kuang L, Fang H, Zhang Z, Duan C, Ye J, Zhang J, Liu L, Hu Y, Li T. Protective Effects of Dexmedetomidine on the Vascular Endothelial Barrier Function by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Fission via ER/Mitochondria Contact. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:636327. [PMID: 33777946 PMCID: PMC7991806 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The damage of vascular endothelial barrier function induced by sepsis is critical in causing multiple organ dysfunctions. Previous studies showed that dexmedetomidine (Dex) played a vital role in protecting organ functions. However, whether Dex participates in protecting vascular leakage of sepsis and the associated underlying mechanism remains unknown yet. We used cecal ligation and puncture induced septic rats and lipopolysaccharide stimulated vascular endothelial cells (VECs) to establish models in vivo and in vitro, then the protective effects of Dex on the vascular endothelial barrier function of sepsis were observed, meanwhile, related mechanisms on regulating mitochondrial fission were further studied. The results showed that Dex could significantly reduce the permeability of pulmonary veins and mesenteric vessels, increase the expression of intercellular junction proteins, enhance the transendothelial electrical resistance and decrease the transmittance of VECs, accordingly protected organ functions and prolonged survival time in septic rats. Besides, the mitochondria of VECs were excessive division after sepsis, while Dex could significantly inhibit the mitochondrial fission and protect mitochondrial function by restoring mitochondrial morphology of VECs. Furthermore, the results showed that ER-MITO contact sites of VECs were notably increased after sepsis. Nevertheless, Dex reduced ER-MITO contact sites by regulating the polymerization of actin via α2 receptors. The results also found that Dex could induce the phosphorylation of the dynamin-related protein 1 through down-regulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2, thus playing a role in the regulation of mitochondrial division. In conclusion, Dex has a protective effect on the vascular endothelial barrier function of septic rats. The mechanism is mainly related to the regulation of Drp1 phosphorylation of VECs, inhibition of mitochondrial division by ER-MITO contacts, and protection of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han She
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoyue Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - He Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zisen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenyang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaqing Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang W, Xu H, Lin H, Molnar M, Ren H. The role of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in septic cardiomyopathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107160. [PMID: 33243604 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Septic cardiomyopathy (SCM)is common in septic patients and results in cardiovascular failure. The pathogenesis of SCM is complicated, and patients with SCM have high mortality because current treatment methods are limited. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) modulates inflammatory responses through vagus nerve stimulation that leads to the release of acetylcholine (ACh), which binds to the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). Moreover, α7nAChR activation by its agonists at the tissue level inhibits inflammatory mediators and regulates the function of immune cells in sepsis. Therefore, the α7nAChR can maintain balance of the inflammatory-immune response in sepsis. CAP has been elucidated as a critical regulator of anti-inflammation in many diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory boweldisease and SCM. Additionally, some clinical and preclinical trials show therapeutic potential via regulating CAP. There are excellent studies regarding the beneficial role of CAP activation, especially α7nAChR, in experimental SCM. This review aims to discuss the CAP in attenuating inflammation and the potential role of α7nAChR activation in regulating immune and reducing inflammation in SCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huan Lin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Megan Molnar
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA.
| | - Hongsheng Ren
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Abstract
The ubiquiotous nuclear protein HMGB1 is extracellularly released by dying cells or activated innate immunity cells to promote inflammation. Extracellular HMGB1 plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury of infectious as well as sterile origin including hyperoxia. Excessive amounts of systemic HMGB1 and HMGB1-partner molecule complexes can be retained in the pulmonary circulation indicated by a substantial reduction of HMGB1 plasma levels in arterial versus venous blood. The cholinergic antiinflammatory mechanism ameliorates pulmonary inflammation by inhibiting HMGB1 release and HMGB1 receptor expression. This comprehension was recently reinforced by results reported in Molecular Medicine by Sitapara and coworkers demonstrating that administration of an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist attenuated hyperoxia-induced acute inflammatory lung injury by alleviating the accumulation of HMGB1 in the airways and the circulation. Activating the cholinergic antiinflammatory path might be considered to alleviate severe COVID-19 with or without concurrent oxygen-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes for unresolved reasons acute respiratory distress syndrome in vulnerable individuals. There is a need to identify key pathogenic molecules in COVID-19-associated inflammation attainable to target with existing therapeutic compounds. The endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule HMGB1 initiates inflammation via two separate pathways. Disulfide-HMGB1 triggers TLR4 receptors generating pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Extracellular HMGB1, released from dying cells or secreted by activated innate immunity cells, forms complexes with extracellular DNA, RNA and other DAMP or pathogen-associated molecular (DAMP) molecules released after lytic cell death. These complexes are endocytosed via RAGE, constitutively expressed at high levels in the lungs only, and transported to the endolysosomal system, which is disrupted by HMGB1 at high concentrations. Danger molecules thus get access to cytosolic proinflammatory receptors instigating inflammasome activation. It is conceivable that extracellular SARS-CoV-2 RNA may reach the cellular cytosol via HMGB1-assisted transfer combined with lysosome leakage. Extracellular HMGB1 generally exists in vivo bound to other molecules, including PAMPs and DAMPs. It is plausible that these complexes are specifically removed in the lungs revealed by a 40% reduction of HMGB1 plasma levels in arterial versus venous blood. Abundant pulmonary RAGE expression enables endocytosis of danger molecules to be destroyed in the lysosomes at physiological HMGB1 levels, but causing detrimental inflammasome activation at high levels. Stress induces apoptosis in pulmonary endothelial cells from females but necrosis in cells from males. CONCLUSION Based on these observations we propose extracellular HMGB1 to be considered as a therapeutic target for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William Ottestad
- Air Ambulance department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, 11030 USA
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
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Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved, nuclear protein present in all cell types. It is a multi-facet protein exerting functions both inside and outside of cells. Extracellular HMGB1 has been extensively studied for its prototypical alarmin functions activating innate immunity, after being actively released from cells or passively released upon cell death. TLR4 and RAGE operate as the main HMGB1 receptors. Disulfide HMGB1 activates the TLR4 complex by binding to MD-2. The binding site is separate from that of LPS and it is now feasible to specifically interrupt HMGB1/TLR4 activation without compromising protective LPS/TLR4-dependent functions. Another important therapeutic strategy is established on the administration of HMGB1 antagonists precluding RAGE-mediated endocytosis of HMGB1 and HMGB1-bound molecules capable of activating intracellular cognate receptors. Here we summarize the role of HMGB1 in inflammation, with a focus on recent findings on its mission as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule and as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases. Recently generated HMGB1-specific inhibitors for treatment of inflammatory conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Haichao Wang
- Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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