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Levy D, Solomon TJ, Jay SM. Extracellular vesicles as therapeutics for inflammation and infection. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 85:103067. [PMID: 38277970 PMCID: PMC10922601 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an emergent next-generation biotechnology with broad application potential. In particular, immunomodulatory bioactivity of EVs leading to anti-inflammatory effects is well-characterized. Cell source and culture conditions are critical determinants of EV therapeutic efficacy, while augmenting EV anti-inflammatory bioactivity via diverse strategies, including RNA cargo loading and protein surface display, has proven effective. Yet, translational challenges remain. Additionally, the potential of direct antimicrobial EV functionality has only recently emerged but offers the possibility of overcoming drug-resistant bacterial and fungal infections through novel, multifactorial mechanisms. As discussed herein, these application areas are brought together by the potential for synergistic benefit from technological developments related to EV cargo loading and biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Levy
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3113 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Dr., College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Talia J Solomon
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3113 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Dr., College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Steven M Jay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3113 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Dr., College Park, MD 20742, USA; Program in Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, 3113 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Dr., College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Albrecht M, Hummitzsch L, Rusch R, Heß K, Steinfath M, Cremer J, Lichte F, Fändrich F, Berndt R, Zitta K. Characterization of large extracellular vesicles (L-EV) derived from human regulatory macrophages (Mreg): novel mediators in wound healing and angiogenesis? J Transl Med 2023; 21:61. [PMID: 36717876 PMCID: PMC9887800 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large extracellular vesicles (L-EV) with a diameter between 1 and 10 µm are released by various cell types. L-EV contain and transport active molecules which are crucially involved in cell to cell communication. We have shown that secretory products of human regulatory macrophages (Mreg) bear pro-angiogenic potential in-vitro and our recent findings show that Mreg cultures also contain numerous large vesicular structures similar to L-EV with so far unknown characteristics and function. AIM OF THIS STUDY To characterize the nature of Mreg-derived L-EV (L-EVMreg) and to gain insights into their role in wound healing and angiogenesis. METHODS Mreg were differentiated using blood monocytes from healthy donors (N = 9) and L-EVMreg were isolated from culture supernatants by differential centrifugation. Characterization of L-EVMreg was performed by cell/vesicle analysis, brightfield/transmission electron microscopy (TEM), flow cytometry and proteome profiling arrays. The impact of L-EVMreg on wound healing and angiogenesis was evaluated by means of scratch and in-vitro tube formation assays. RESULTS Mreg and L-EVMreg show an average diameter of 13.73 ± 1.33 µm (volume: 1.45 ± 0.44 pl) and 7.47 ± 0.75 µm (volume: 0.22 ± 0.06 pl) respectively. Flow cytometry analyses revealed similarities between Mreg and L-EVMreg regarding their surface marker composition. However, compared to Mreg fewer L-EVMreg were positive for CD31 (P < 0.01), CD206 (P < 0.05), CD103 (P < 0.01) and CD45 (P < 0.05). Proteome profiling suggested that L-EVMreg contain abundant amounts of pro-angiogenic proteins (i.e. interleukin-8, platelet factor 4 and serpin E1). From a functional point of view L-EVMreg positively influenced in-vitro wound healing (P < 0.05) and several pro-angiogenic parameters in tube formation assays (all segment associated parameters, P < 0.05; number of meshes, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION L-EVMreg with regenerative and pro-angiogenic potential can be reproducibly isolated from in-vitro cultured human regulatory macrophages. We propose that L-EVMreg could represent a putative therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic wounds and ischemia-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Albrecht
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Schwanenweg 21, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Lars Hummitzsch
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Schwanenweg 21, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rene Rusch
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Heß
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Steinfath
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Schwanenweg 21, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Cremer
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Lichte
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Department of Anatomy, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fred Fändrich
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Clinic for Applied Cell Therapy, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rouven Berndt
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karina Zitta
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Schwanenweg 21, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Zhang L, Zhang K, Li H, Coelho C, de Souza Gonçalves D, Fu MS, Li X, Nakayasu ES, Kim YM, Liao W, Pan W, Casadevall A. Cryptococcus neoformans -Infected Macrophages Release Proinflammatory Extracellular Vesicles: Insight into Their Components by Multi-omics. mBio 2021; 12:e00279-21. [PMID: 33785616 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00279-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans causes cryptococcal meningitis, which is frequent in patients with HIV/AIDS, especially in less-developed countries. The incidence of cryptococcal meningitis is close to 1 million each year globally. Cryptococcus neoformans causes deadly mycosis in immunocompromised individuals. Macrophages are key cells fighting against microbes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-to-cell communication mediators. The roles of EVs from infected host cells in the interaction with Cryptococcus remain uninvestigated. Here, EVs from viable C. neoformans-infected macrophages reduced fungal burdens but led to shorter survival of infected mice. In vitro, EVs induced naive macrophages to an inflammatory phenotype. Transcriptome analysis showed that EVs from viable C. neoformans-infected macrophages activated immune-related pathways, including p53 in naive human and murine macrophages. Conserved analysis demonstrated that basic cell biological processes, including cell cycle and division, were activated by infection-derived EVs from both murine and human infected macrophages. Combined proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics of EVs from infected macrophages showed regulation of pathways such as extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors and phosphatidylcholine. This form of intermacrophage communication could serve to prepare cells at more distant sites of infection to resist C. neoformans infection.
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Ouyang Y, Mouillet JF, Sorkin A, Sadovsky Y. Trophoblastic extracellular vesicles and viruses: Friends or foes? Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 85:e13345. [PMID: 32939907 PMCID: PMC7880881 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells produce cytoplasmic vesicles to facilitate the processing and transport of RNAs, proteins, and other signaling molecules among intracellular organelles. Moreover, most cells release a range of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that mediate intercellular communication in both physiological and pathological settings. In addition to a better understanding of their biological functions, the diagnostic and therapeutic prospects of EVs, particularly the nano-sized small EVs (sEVs, exosomes), are currently being rigorously pursued. While EVs and viruses such as retroviruses might have evolved independently, they share a number of similar characteristics, including biogenesis pathways, size distribution, cargo, and cell-targeting mechanisms. The interplay of EVs with viruses has profound effects on viral replication and infectivity. Our research indicates that sEVs, produced by primary human trophoblasts, can endow other non-placental cell types with antiviral response. Better insights into the interaction of EVs with viruses may illuminate new ways to attenuate viral infections during pregnancy, and perhaps develop new antiviral therapeutics to protect the feto-placental unit during critical times of human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshi Ouyang
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Mouillet
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Sorkin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Chamley LW, Markert UR, Menon R, Sharma S. Introduction to the special issue on extracellular vesicles and reproduction. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 85:e13387. [PMID: 33340198 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence W Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Udo R Markert
- Placenta Lab, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of OB-GYN/Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch @ Galveston MRB Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Pidwill GR, Gibson JF, Cole J, Renshaw SA, Foster SJ. The Role of Macrophages in Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 11:620339. [PMID: 33542723 PMCID: PMC7850989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.620339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a member of the human commensal microflora that exists, apparently benignly, at multiple sites on the host. However, as an opportunist pathogen it can also cause a range of serious diseases. This requires an ability to circumvent the innate immune system to establish an infection. Professional phagocytes, primarily macrophages and neutrophils, are key innate immune cells which interact with S. aureus, acting as gatekeepers to contain and resolve infection. Recent studies have highlighted the important roles of macrophages during S. aureus infections, using a wide array of killing mechanisms. In defense, S. aureus has evolved multiple strategies to survive within, manipulate and escape from macrophages, allowing them to not only subvert but also exploit this key element of our immune system. Macrophage-S. aureus interactions are multifaceted and have direct roles in infection outcome. In depth understanding of these host-pathogen interactions may be useful for future therapeutic developments. This review examines macrophage interactions with S. aureus throughout all stages of infection, with special emphasis on mechanisms that determine infection outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace R Pidwill
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Josie F Gibson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Joby Cole
- Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A Renshaw
- Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Foster
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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