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Wang Q, Zhang Y, Yang B. Development status of novel spectral imaging techniques and application to traditional Chinese medicine. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1269-1280. [PMID: 38174122 PMCID: PMC10759257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a treasure of the Chinese nation, providing effective solutions to current medical requisites. Various spectral techniques are undergoing continuous development and provide new and reliable means for evaluating the efficacy and quality of TCM. Because spectral techniques are noninvasive, convenient, and sensitive, they have been widely applied to in vitro and in vivo TCM evaluation systems. In this paper, previous achievements and current progress in the research on spectral technologies (including fluorescence spectroscopy, photoacoustic imaging, infrared thermal imaging, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy) are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of each technology are also presented. Moreover, the future applications of spectral imaging to identify the origins, components, and pesticide residues of TCM in vitro are elucidated. Subsequently, the evaluation of the efficacy of TCM in vivo is presented. Identifying future applications of spectral imaging is anticipated to promote medical research as well as scientific and technological explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Melbourne School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Hu H, Lin X, Fan L, Fang L, Zhou J, Gao H. Acupuncture treatment for COVID-19-associated sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus. QJM 2023; 116:605-607. [PMID: 36882180 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Hu
- From the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, China
| | - X Lin
- The Third Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, China
| | - L Fan
- The Third Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, China
| | - L Fang
- From the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, China
| | - J Zhou
- From the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, China
| | - H Gao
- From the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, China
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Guo Y, Ho LF, Chen L, Tsang PH, Chen M, Chan KL, Ng BFL, Lin ZX. Electroacupuncture with or without combined warm needling for tinnitus: Study protocol for a randomized, waitlist-controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34315. [PMID: 37478244 PMCID: PMC10662849 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinnitus is a common auditory condition that can lead to serious problems. Clinically, acupuncture and moxibustion have been commonly applied to treat tinnitus in China, with potential therapeutic effects but with limitations in study methodology and high-quality evidence. Therefore, we designed a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of either electroacupuncture alone or combined with warm needling for reducing tinnitus loudness and improving quality of life. METHODS This study is a prospective, multicenter, assessor-blind, 3-arm, parallel-group, randomized, waitlist-controlled trial. In total, 90 patients will be randomly assigned to the electroacupuncture, electroacupuncture and warm needing, or waitlist control group in a 1:1:1 ratio. Patients in the 2 treatment groups will be treated twice a week for a total of 5 weeks. Patients in the control group will not receive treatment during the study period and will be informed that they can receive it for free after a 10-week waiting period. The duration of intervention for this study will be 5 weeks, followed by another 5 weeks for the posttreatment assessment. The primary outcome is the change in the visual analog scale score for tinnitus loudness from baseline until the end of treatment. The secondary outcome is the tinnitus discomfort assessment measured using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Outcome parameters will be assessed at baseline and at weeks 5 and 10. Any adverse events will be observed and recorded for safety assessment. Linear mixed models for repeated measures will be applied in the analysis. DISCUSSION Acupuncture and moxibustion could be potentially effective treatment alternatives for tinnitus. The study results will provide evidence to determine the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture with or without warm needling for tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqi Guo
- Chinese Medicine Services, Pok Oi Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lai Fun Ho
- Chinese Medicine Services, Pok Oi Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liyi Chen
- Chinese Medicine Services, Pok Oi Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ping Him Tsang
- Chinese Medicine Services, Pok Oi Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Chen
- Chinese Medicine Services, Pok Oi Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam Leung Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bacon Fung-Leung Ng
- Chinese Medicine Department, Hospital Authority, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Yang L, Li X, Fang L, Wu L, Hu H, Cheng Y. Comparative Efficacy of Different Acupuncture-Related Therapies for Primary Tinnitus: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis Protocol. J Pain Res 2023; 16:2217-2225. [PMID: 37404225 PMCID: PMC10317542 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s414622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acupuncture is considered as a potential treatment option for primary tinnitus, as there is a lack of conventional therapies with well-established efficacy. However, there are limited studies that compare the effectiveness of different acupuncture therapies. Thus, this systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol aims to compare the efficacy of various acupuncture-related therapies for primary tinnitus, and determine the optimal treatment. Methods A comprehensive search of 10 representative databases will be conducted to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding multiple acupuncture-related therapies for primary tinnitus. Two independent researchers will extract data individually, and the methodological quality of each RCT will be assessed using Cochrane's risk of bias 2.0 tool. Standard pairwise meta-analysis and Bayesian network meta-analysis will be conducted, and WinBUGS V.1.4.3 and R 3.6.2 software will be adopted to synthesize network data and generate relevant graphs. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and assessment of publication bias will be conducted as appropriate. Discussion This study's results are anticipated to identify the optimal acupuncture technique for treating primary tinnitus, thereby providing evidence-based clinical decisions for patients and clinicians to select the most effective acupuncture treatment. Prospero Registration Number CRD42023399621.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingling Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianqiang Fang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hantong Hu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - YingYing Cheng
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
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Abouzari M, Tawk K, Lee D, Djalilian HR. Migrainous Vertigo, Tinnitus, and Ear Symptoms and Alternatives. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2022; 55:1017-1033. [PMID: 36150941 PMCID: PMC9580398 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Migraine headaches frequently coexist with vestibular symptoms such as vertigo, motion sickness, and gait instability. Migraine-related vasospasm can also damage the inner ear, which results in symptoms such as sudden sensorineural hearing loss and resultant tinnitus. The pathophysiology of these symptoms is not yet fully understood, and despite their prevalence, there is no universally approved management. This review summarizes the data on complementary and integrative medicine in treating patients with migrainous ear disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Abouzari
- Division of Neurotology and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, 19182 Jamboree Road, Otolaryngology-5386, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Karen Tawk
- Division of Neurotology and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, 19182 Jamboree Road, Otolaryngology-5386, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Darlene Lee
- Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute, University of California, 5141 California Avenue, Suite 200B, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Hamid R Djalilian
- Division of Neurotology and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, 19182 Jamboree Road, Otolaryngology-5386, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA.
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Yang E, Lu W, Muñoz-Vergara D, Goldfinger E, Kaptchuk TJ, Napadow V, Ahn AC, Wayne PM. Skin Temperature of Acupoints in Health and Disease: A Systematic Review. J Integr Complement Med 2022; 28:552-568. [PMID: 35475679 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2021.0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite substantial progress made in the field of acupuncture research, the existence and specificity of acupoints remain controversial. In recent years, the concept of acupoint sensitization has emerged as a theoretical framework for understanding acupoints as dynamic functional entities that are sensitized in pathological conditions. Based on this premise, some have claimed that specific acupoints are thermally distinct between healthy and clinical populations, but no systematic review has been conducted to synthesize and evaluate the quality of studies supporting such claims. In this review, we provide a summary and quality assessment of the existing literature addressing the question of whether changes in skin temperature at specific acupoints are indicative of pathological conditions. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and AltHealthWatch (EBSCO Host), by combining variations of search terms relevant to acupoints and temperature. The search was limited to the English language, and publication dates ranged from database inception to December 2020. Two authors independently screened all resulting abstracts and subsequently read full-text articles for eligibility. Information on study design, sample, acupoints, parameters of skin temperature assessments, and main findings were extracted from included studies. Quality of the thermal sensing methodology was evaluated using a thermal assessment checklist, adapted from the Thermographic Imaging in Sports and Exercise Medicine (TISEM) consensus checklist, and a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for case-control studies. Results: The search strategy yielded a total of 1771 studies, of which 10 articles met the eligibility criteria. Eight studies compared skin temperature at acupoints in healthy versus clinical populations, and two studies assessed within-subject changes in temperature of acupoints in relation to changes in health status. There were seven clinical conditions examined in the included studies: chronic bronchial asthma, chronic hepatitis, hyperplasia of mammary glands, infertility, intracranial hypertension, obesity, and primary dysmenorrhea. There were numerous methodological quality issues related to skin temperature measurements. Eight studies with case-control designs reported significant differences between healthy and clinical populations in temperature at certain acupoints. Two studies with pre-post designs reported that changes in health-disease status could be associated with changes in temperature at specific acupoints. Conclusion: A review of the available literature suggests that certain acupoints may be thermally distinct between healthy and unhealthy states. However, given the methodological limitations and heterogeneity across included studies, no definitive conclusion could be drawn as to whether changes in skin temperature at specific acupoints are indicative of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunMee Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weidong Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Muñoz-Vergara
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Esme Goldfinger
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ted J Kaptchuk
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vitaly Napadow
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Andrew C Ahn
- PhysioQ Organization, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Veteran Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - Peter M Wayne
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Wei Y, Zhang W, Li Y, Liu X, Zha B, Hu S, Wang Y, Wang X, Yu X, Yang J, Qiu B. Acupuncture Treatment Decreased Temporal Variability of Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Chronic Tinnitus. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:737993. [PMID: 35153654 PMCID: PMC8835346 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.737993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is recommended for the relief of chronic tinnitus in traditional Chinese medicine, but the underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. The human brain is a dynamic system, and it’s unclear about acupuncture’s effects on the dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) of chronic tinnitus. Therefore, this study based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigates abnormal DFC in chronic tinnitus patients and the neural activity change evoked by acupuncture treatment for tinnitus. In this study, 17 chronic tinnitus patients and 22 age- and sex-matched normal subjects were recruited, and their tinnitus-related scales and hearing levels were collected. The fMRI data were measured before and after acupuncture, and then sliding-window and k-means clustering methods were used to calculate DFC and perform clustering analysis, respectively. We found that, compared with the normal subjects, chronic tinnitus patients had higher temporal variability of DFC between the supplementary motor area and medial part of the superior frontal gyrus, and it positively correlated with hearing loss. Clustering analysis showed higher transition probability (TP) between connection states in chronic tinnitus patients, and it was positively correlated with tinnitus severity. Furthermore, the findings showed that acupuncture treatment might improve tinnitus. DFC between the posterior cingulate gyrus and angular gyrus in chronic tinnitus patients after acupuncture showed significantly decreased, and it positively correlated with the improvement of tinnitus. Clustering analysis showed that acupuncture treatment might promote chronic tinnitus patients under lower DFC state, and it also positively correlated with the improvement of tinnitus. This study suggests that acupuncture as an alternative therapy method might decrease the tinnitus severity by decreasing the time variability of DFC in chronic tinnitus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarui Wei
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wanlin Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Li
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangwei Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Bixiang Zha
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xiaochun Yu,
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Jun Yang,
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Bensheng Qiu,
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Nafisi V, Ghods R. Thermal image-based temperament classification by genetic algorithm and adaboost classifier. J Med Signals Sens 2022; 12:32-39. [PMID: 35265463 PMCID: PMC8804589 DOI: 10.4103/jmss.jmss_71_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Temperament (Mizaj) determination is an important stage of diagnosis in Persian Medicine. This study aimed to evaluate thermal imaging as a reliable tool that can be used instead of subjective assessments. Methods: The temperament of 34 participants was assessed by a PM specialist using standardized Mojahedi Mizaj Questionnaire (MMQ) and thermal images of the wrist in the supine position, the back of the hand, and their whole face under supervision of the physician were recorded. Thirteen thermal features were extracted and a classifying algorithm was designed based on the genetic algorithm and Adaboost classifier in reference to the temperament questionnaire. Results: The results showed that the mean temperature and temperature variations in the thermal images were relatively consistent with the results of MMQ. Among the three body regions, the results related to the image from Malmas were most consistent with MMQ. By selecting six of the 13 features that had the most impact on the classification, the accuracy of 94.7 ± 13.0, sensitivity of 95.7 ± 11.3, and specificity of 98.2 ± 4.2 were obtained. Conclusions: The thermal imaging was relatively consistent with standardized MMQ and can be used as a reliable tool for evaluating warm/cold temperament. However, the results reveal that thermal imaging features may not be only main features for temperament classification and for more reliable classification, it needs to add some different features such as wrist pulse features and some subjective characteristics.
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Nafisi VR, Ghods R. A Telecare System for Use in Traditional Persian Medicine. Open Biomed Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874120702115010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
In Persian Medicine (PM), measuring the wrist temperature/humidity and pulse is one of the main methods for determining a person's health status and temperament. An important problem is the dependence of the diagnosis on the physician's interpretation of the above-mentioned criteria. Perhaps this is one reason why this method has yet to be combined with modern medical methods. Also, sometimes there is a need to use PM to diagnose patients remotely, especially during a pandemic. This brings up the question of how to implement PM into a telecare system. This study addresses these concerns and outlines a system for measuring pulse signals and temperament detection based on PM.
Methods:
A system was designed and clinically implemented based on PM that uses data from recorded thermal distribution, a temperament questionnaire, and a customized device that logs the pulse waves on the wrist. This system was used for patient care via telecare.
Results:
The temperaments of 34 participants were assessed by a PM specialist using the standardized Mojahedi Mizaj Questionnaire (MMQ). Thermal images of the wrist in the supine position (named Malmas in PM), the back of the hand, and the entire face were also recorded under the supervision of the physician. Also, the wrist pulse waves were evaluated by a customized pulse measurement device. Finally, the collected data could be sent to a physician via a telecare system for further interpretation and prescription of medications.
Conclusion:
This preliminary study focused on the implementation of a combinational hardware-software system for patient assessment based on PM. It appears that the design and construction of a customized device that can measure the pulse waves, and some other criteria, according to PM, is possible and can decrease the dependency of the diagnostic to PM specialists. Thus, it can be incorporated into a telemedicine system.
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Chang CH, Lin CD, Hsieh CL. Effect of Electroacupuncture on Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021; 2021:9114676. [PMID: 34745304 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9114676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture has long been used to relieve some inner ear diseases such as deafness and tinnitus. The present study examined the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in animals. A NIHL rat model was established. Electroacupuncture pretreatment at 2 Hz or posttreatment at the right Zhongzhu (TE3) acupoint was applied for 1 hour. Auditory thresholds were measured using auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), and histopathology of the cochlea was examined. The results indicated that the baseline auditory threshold of ABR was not significantly different between the control (no noise), EA-only (only EA without noise), noise (noise exposure only), pre-EA (pretreating EA then noise), and post-EA (noise exposure then posttreating with EA) groups. Significant auditory threshold shifts were found in the noise, pre-EA, and post-EA groups in the immediate period after noise exposure, whereas auditory recovery was better in the pre-EA and post-EA groups than that in the noise group at the three days, one week (W1), two weeks (W2), three weeks (W3), and four weeks(W4) after noise stimulation. Histopathological examination revealed greater loss of the density of spiral ganglion neurons in the noise group than in the control group at W1 and W2. Although significant loss of spiral ganglion loss happened in pre-EA and post-EA groups, such loss was less than the loss of the noise group, especially W1. These results indicate that either pretreatment or posttreatment with EA may facilitate auditory recovery after NIHL. The detailed mechanism through which EA alleviates NIHL requires further study.
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