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Alhusamiah B, Almomani J, Al Omari A, Abu attallah A, Yousef A, Alshraideh JA, Zeilani RS. The Effectiveness of P6 and Auricular Acupressure as a Complimentary Therapy in Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Among Patients With Cancer: Systematic Review. Integr Cancer Ther 2024; 23:15347354241239110. [PMID: 38488197 PMCID: PMC10943727 DOI: 10.1177/15347354241239110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most prevalent and distressing side effects of chemotherapy among patients with cancer worldwide. Despite continuing advances in antiemetic medicines, nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy remain a substantial therapeutic concern for many patients. However, P6 and Auricular acupressure (AA) have been recognized as potential therapy for managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of P6 and Auricular acupressure (AA) in reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among patients with cancer. And to explore a prominent and effective evidence-based protocol for implementing acupressure to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. METHOD This systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Several databases were used to search for eligible studies using specific keywords. Only systematic reviews and clinical trials on acupressure for managing CINV among adults with cancer were included. This review covered articles published in English from 2015 to 2022. RESULTS A total of 14 published studies were included in this review study; 10 articles were trial studies, and the other 4 were systematic review and meta-analysis studies. The quality of 10 included clinical trials were assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool for quantitative studies, the overall result showed that 40% of study rated with moderate quality, no study was rated with low quality, and (60%) studies rated as high-quality study. As well as the quality assessment of all review studies showed that the majority of included systematic reviews and meta-analysis with a low risk of bias and high to moderate power of evidence. In all included studies the acupressure was utilized as a primary complementary intervention for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. The result of this extensive and comprehensive review the P6 and auricular acupressure is an effective complementary therapy in reducing and controlling chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among participants with various types of cancer and receiving various types of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION The successful and effective application of acupressure in managing CINV for certain types of cancer had been supported in previous literature as a safe, affordable, and non-invasive alternative to pharmaceutical medications. However, standardization guidelines regarding the use of acupressure independently or in combination with other pharmacological therapies to address CINV in various cancers require immediate attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Alhusamiah
- The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- King Hussien Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
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Li X, Chen F, Wang W, Liu Y, Han JQ, Ke Z, Zhu HH. Visual analysis of acupuncture point selection patterns and related mechanisms in acupuncture for hypertension. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:397-410. [PMID: 37694322 DOI: 10.3233/thc-230581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension has become one of the most pathogenic diseases in the world. OBJECTIVE This paper summarizes and analyzes the acupuncture point combinations and treatment principles of acupuncture for hypertension in a systematic way by means of big data mining. METHODS The literature for this paper was obtained from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed and PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Ovid databases. Thedata were collected to obtain combinations of acupoints with strong associations through association rule analysis, complex networks for screening to obtain core acupoint nuclei, and cluster analysis to derive treatment principles. RESULTS A total of 127 acupuncture prescriptions involving 66 acupoints were included in this study. Tai-chong (LR3), Qu-chi (LI11), Zu-san-li (ST36), Feng-chi (GB20), and He-gu (LI4) were the most commonly used acupoints. The large intestine meridian was the preferred meridian, and most of the extremity acupoints, especially the lower extremities, were selected clinically. The association rule reveals that Qu-chi (LI11) and Zu-san-li (ST36) are the dominant combination acupoints. 3 core association points obtained after complex network analysis, the 1st association, Bai-hui (DU20), Tai-xi (KI3), Gan-shu (BL18), Shen-shu (BL23); The 2nd association, Qu-chi (LI11), He-gu (LI4), San-yin-jiao (SP6), Zu-san-li (ST36), Feng-chi (GB20), Tai-chong (LR3); The 3rd association, Qi-hai (RN6), Guan-yuan (RN4), Zhong-wan (RN12), Zhao-hai (KI6), Tai-yang (EX-HN5), Lie-que (LU7), Yang-ling-quan (GB34), Xing-jian (LR2), Yin-ling-quan (SP9). Cluster analysis yielded the treatment principles of nourishing Yin and submerging Yang, pacifying the liver and submerging Yang, tonifying Qi and Blood, and calming the mind and restoring the pulse, improving clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION By means of big data mining, we can provide reference for acupuncture point grouping and selection for clinical acupuncture treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingping Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjian, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjian, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjian, China
| | - Fuyan Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjian, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjian, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjian, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjian, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjian, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjian, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjian, China
| | - Jiang-Qin Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjian, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjian, China
| | - Zi Ke
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjian, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjian, China
| | - Hong-Hang Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjian, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjian, China
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Yeh ML. [Application and Development of a Chinese Medicine Meridian and Acupoint Intervention in Nursing Practice]. Hu Li Za Zhi 2023; 70:12-17. [PMID: 37981879 DOI: 10.6224/jn.202312_70(6).03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Chinese medicine advocates a holistic and comprehensive approach that emphasizes differential diagnosis, treatment, and nursing as well as a diverse range of healthcare options. Within Chinese medicine, acupuncture techniques targeting meridians and acupoints are recognized as a suitable healthcare modality for promoting health, preventing diseases, and managing existing conditions. This article was designed to explore the practical application and advancement of acupuncture related to meridians and acupoints in the field of nursing. After introducing the development and current landscape of Chinese medicine healthcare, the application of acupoint stimulation within the context of Chinese medicinal nursing is discussed, taking into account clinical expertise, patient preferences, and safety concerns. Next, empirical findings on the impact of acupoint stimulation interventions are presented in hopes of translating clinical knowledge into evidence-based practice. Lastly, future prospects and investments in Chinese medicinal nursing are outlined. Within the realm of professional nursing practice, attaining proficiency in meridian and acupoint interventions requires comprehensive expertise and skills. Healthcare professionals in the nursing field should contemplate enhancing their knowledge and competencies in Chinese medicinal nursing. By providing the best evidence-based care, possessing specialized expertise, and taking patient preferences into account, the quality and completeness of evidence-based healthcare may be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Yeh
- PhD, DMS, RN, FAAN, Distinguished Professor, Department of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taiwan, ROC.
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Abstract
Acupoint is the basis of acupuncture. To elaborate the theory of acupuncture, the structure and function of acupoint should be clarified in advance. By exploring the discussion upon the classification, distribution and structure of acupoint in Huangdi Neijing (Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor), qi zheng lun (on meridian points and extra points), jie jiao lun (on convergence of joints) and guan ji lun (on three-dimensional structure of acupoint) are extracted. Based on whether located on the fixed sites, acupoints are classified into meridian points and extra points, while the meridian points are divided into 4 categories, i.e maishu, gukong, qixue and muxue. The convergence of joints illustrates the principal rule of acupoint distribution. The density of the major and key acupoints is proportional to the size and the complexity of function of joints. Acupoint is recognized as a three-dimensional structure in consideration of its external distribution on the body surface and the substances inside the body, which can be explored and examined. In addition, the relationship between meridian points and extra points, the significance of meridian points in different conditions, and the approaches to acupoint study are deeply discussed and analyzed. The crucial problems and the way for solving them are proposed for the future study to provide the references to the inheritance and innovation of acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Xiang Huang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700,China
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de Sousa TR, Mattos S, Marcon G, Furtado T, Duarte da Silva M. Acupuncture techniques and acupoints used in individuals under chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment of cancer: A systematic review. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:6917-6933. [PMID: 37382085 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To describe the main acupuncture techniques and parameters that have been used in the most varied symptoms of different types of cancer. BACKGROUND Clinical evidence about the potential effectiveness of acupuncture and related therapies to control signs and symptoms associated with cancer or its treatment has been in several studies. Currently, there is already evidence of the use of acupuncture for the treatment of nausea and vomiting, fatigue, dry mouth, anxiety, depression, insomnia and pain. However, many studies lack firm rights or reproducible guidelines for treatment. DESIGN This study performs a systematic review of clinical trials related to the topic, based on the PRISMA protocol. Thus, a search was carried out in the Scopus, Pubmed and Web of Science databases, covering studies since January 2007. METHODS Structured and organised according to PICO standards, using keywords ("cancer" OR "malignant tumour" OR "chemotherapy" OR "radiotherapy") AND ("acupuncture" OR "electroacupuncture") AND ("pain" OR "nausea" OR "vomit" OR "fatigue" OR "xerostomia" OR "insomnia" OR "depression" OR "neuropathy"). RESULTS After the selection and evaluation phase, 23 studies were included and analysed. CONCLUSION Based on this analysis, it is concluded that acupuncture is safe and there is evidence of the reduction of gastrointestinal symptoms, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, pain, dry mouth, fatigue, insomnia, and improvement of cognitive capacity. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Acupuncture treatments could act by minimising the side effects of conventional treatments and reducing symptoms induced by tumours. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION The patients had no direct involvement with the study in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Regina de Sousa
- Program of Post-graduation in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation (LANDI), Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Suzana Mattos
- Department of physiotherapy, Estacio de Santa Catarina University Center, São José, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Marcon
- Department of physiotherapy, Estacio de Santa Catarina University Center, São José, Brazil
| | - Thayná Furtado
- Department of physiotherapy, Estacio de Santa Catarina University Center, São José, Brazil
| | - Morgana Duarte da Silva
- Program of Post-graduation in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation (LANDI), Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Guo C, Zhang Y, Ding Z, Han R, Jiao X, Hu J. Accuracy analysis of traditional acupoint location and the coincidence of cutaneous arterial perforators and acupoints. Clin Anat 2023. [PMID: 37596915 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Several reports have shown a coincidence relationship between perforators and acupoints. However, there have been few previous reports of objective experimental methods to verify the reliability of the accuracy of acupoint location (APL) with nearby perforators. This research aimed to determine the internal agreement of the APL of five acupuncturists and to analyze the coincidence rate of acupoints with nearby perforators. Three two healthy volunteers were recruited with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three TCM clinical physicians determined acupoints in areas of the lower limb of participants. Two microsurgeons sketched corresponding regions based on the most common skin flap operation sites, located bone markers, and drew the skin flap axis. Doppler ultrasound was used to mark the perforator point and the distances measured for both points. There is no significant difference in the distance between the acupoints and perforators localization in different groups, and there are significant differences between the angle formed by acupoints and penetrators in all groups. All the points located by the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapists are distributed around the dot. The distance between the coordinate point (A-B) of Wēnliū (LI7) localization is the largest, reaching 16.6 mm. The accuracy of the acupoint location of each physician is limited by the clinical experience of physicians, and the difference among them is significant. There is a certain correspondence between the location of acupoints and perforators, which needs further studies to confirm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Weifang Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Zhiwei Ding
- Department of Hand and Foot Orthopedics, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Rong Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuwen Jiao
- Medical Cosmetic Center and Department of Hand and Foot Orthopedics, Gaomi People's Hospital, Gaomi, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Singh S, Escobar A, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Ramful C, Xu CQ. Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Non-Invasive Acupuncture Therapy Utilizing Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:837. [PMID: 37508864 PMCID: PMC10376585 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is one of the most extensively used complementary and alternative medicine therapies worldwide. In this study, we explore the use of near-infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to provide acupuncture-like physical stimulus to the skin tissue, but in a completely non-invasive way. A computational modeling framework has been developed to investigate the light-tissue interaction within a three-dimensional multi-layer model of skin tissue. Finite element-based analysis has been conducted, to obtain the spatiotemporal temperature distribution within the skin tissue, by solving Pennes' bioheat transfer equation, coupled with the Beer-Lambert law. The irradiation profile of the LED has been experimentally characterized and imposed in the numerical model. The experimental validation of the developed model has been conducted through comparing the numerical model predictions with those obtained experimentally on the agar phantom. The effects of the LED power, treatment duration, LED distance from the skin surface, and usage of multiple LEDs on the temperature distribution attained within the skin tissue have been systematically investigated, highlighting the safe operating power of the selected LEDs. The presented information about the spatiotemporal temperature distribution, and critical factors affecting it, would assist in better optimizing the desired thermal dosage, thereby enabling a safe and effective LED-based photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Singh
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Andres Escobar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Zexi Wang
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Advanced Electronics and Photonics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Chundra Ramful
- Advanced Electronics and Photonics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Chang-Qing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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Wang X, Zuo G, Liu J, Zhang J, Shi X, Fan X, Li X, Gao Y, Chen H, Liu CZ, She Y. Skin Temperature of Acupoints in Health and Primary Dysmenorrhea Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pain Res 2023; 16:2027-2046. [PMID: 37337608 PMCID: PMC10277027 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s411923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Dysmenorrhea is a common clinical condition and some studies shown that the skin temperature of some acupoints changes in primary dysmenorrhea (PD) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in skin temperature at specific acupoints in PD patients and healthy subjects. Methods The literature for assessing skin temperature at acupoints in PD patients and healthy subjects was searched in eight databases. The literatures obtained from the search was independently screened by two authors, and the quality of the included articles was evaluated using the consensus checklist of the Thermographic Imaging in Sports and Exercise Medicine (TISEM) and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) scale. The skin temperature of the relevant acupoints or the difference between the left and right acupoints of the same name was used as the outcome during any period of menstruation. Finally, the meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1 software to evaluate the changes in skin temperature in the related acupoints. Results Seven eligible studies were included, which included 328 patients with PD and 279 healthy subjects. The results of the meta-analysis revealed a significant difference in skin temperature around the Sanyinjiao (SP6)(MD: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.08), Xuehai (SP 10)(MD: -0.07, 95% CI:-0.11, -0.02) and Taixi (KI 3)(MD: 0.06, 95% CI:0.01, 0.11) acupoints between PD and healthy subjects. PD patients also showed a difference in skin temperature at the Taixi (KI 3)(MD: 0.14, 95% CI:0.04, 0.24), Shuiquan (KI 5)(MD: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.03,0.19), Taichong (LR 3)(MD: -0.10, 95% CI: -0.19,-0.01), Diji (SP 8)(MD: -0.09, 95% CI: -0.16, -0.01), and Xuehai (SP 10)(MD: -0.14, 95% CI: -0.23, -0.06) acupoint areas at different times of menstruation compared to that of healthy subjects, as revealed by the subgroup analysis. Conclusion Primary dysmenorrhea patients showed some differences in the skin temperature of the special acupoints are as Sanyinjiao (SP6), Diji (SP 8), Xuehai (SP 10), Shuiquan (KI 5), Taichong (LR 3), and Taixi (KI 3) compared with healthy subjects. Registration Number CRD42022381387.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Zuo
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Dominant Diseases in Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juncha Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Dominant Diseases in Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuliang Shi
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Dominant Diseases in Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xisheng Fan
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Dominant Diseases in Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuxin Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanbo Gao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfen She
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Dominant Diseases in Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
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Fan MY, Chi C, Zhang JH, Wang RX, Kong QY, Wang TY, Yan JL, Chen YJ. [ Acupoints compatibility rules of acupuncture for depression disease based on data mining technology]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2023; 43:269-76. [PMID: 36858387 DOI: 10.13703/j.0255-2930.20221103-k0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on data mining technology, the acupoints compatibility rules of acupuncture for depression diseases were explored. The randomized controlled trial (RCT) articles regarding acupuncture for depression diseases published from establishment of database to September 2nd, 2022 were searched in CNKI database, Wangfang database, VIP database, SinoMed database, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. The use frequency of acupoints, meridian tropism, selection of special acupoints and acupoint association rules for five common depression diseases, including primary depression, post-stroke depression, menopausal syndrome, psychoneurosis and anxiety disorder, were analyzed by Python programming language. Cytoscape software was used to analyze the acupoint association and the disease-acupoint co-occurrence network. As a result, totally 387 articles were included, and 319 acupoints prescriptions for the above five common depression diseases were extracted, involving 159 acupoints. The use frequency of acupoints was 2 574 times in total. The frequently-used acupoints were Baihui (GV 20), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taichong (LR 3), Neiguan (PC 6), Shenmen (HT 7), Yintang (GV 24+), Zusanli (ST 36), Hegu (LI 4), Sishencong (EX-HN 1) and Taixi (KI 3), etc. The frequently involved meridians were the governor vessel, foot-taiyang bladder meridian, foot-taiyin spleen meridian, and foot-jueyin liver meridian. The frequency of the special acupoints from high to low was crossing points, five-shu points, yuan-primary points, back-shu points, luo-connecting points, and eight confluent points, etc, which were often used in combination with "Baihui (GV 20)-Yintang (GV 24+)" (the highest degree of association). At the same time, the analysis of the co-occurrence network of depression diseases and acupoints showed that the core acupoints group of acupuncture for depression diseases were Baihui (GV 20), Taichong (LR 3), Shenmen (HT 7), Zusanli (ST 36), Neiguan (PC 6) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6). In conclusion, acupuncture treatment for depression diseases has gradually formed a rule of acupoint compatibility, with special acupoint as the main body and "unblocking the governor vessel, and regulating the spirit and qi " as the main therapeutic principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yue Fan
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Cheng Chi
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jia-Hao Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Rui-Xue Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Qing-Yue Kong
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Tai-Yi Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jing-Lan Yan
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yong-Jun Chen
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan 250355, China
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Chae Y, Beissner F, Kim HY, Harris RE, Napadow V. Editorial: Neural substrates of acupuncture: From peripheral to central nervous system mechanisms, volume II. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1119829. [PMID: 36741061 PMCID: PMC9893636 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1119829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Younbyoung Chae
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Younbyoung Chae ✉
| | - Florian Beissner
- Insula Institute for Integrative Therapy Research, Hanover, Germany
| | - Hee-Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard E. Harris
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Vitaly Napadow
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
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11
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Neumann PE, Halle MW, Kong J, Kikinis R. West meets east: Taking a stab at acupuncture point names. Clin Anat 2023; 36:641-650. [PMID: 36648069 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Acupuncture point names written in Chinese Han characters often provide clinically useful information in both their literal and figurative meanings about location and therapeutic use. The World Health Organization (WHO) standard acupuncture nomenclature includes these names in Han characters in an unusual array that includes both "original" forms and, in parentheses, simplified forms. Construction of a multilingual table of acupuncture point names during development of a database revealed that the assumption that the "original" form in the WHO nomenclature was the traditional Chinese character was frequently false. The Han character forms in the pdf of the 2009 reprint of WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations were carefully compared with Han characters used in traditional and simplified Chinese, Japanese and Korean writing systems. This work utilized three online tools: UnicodePlus, Unihan Database Lookup, and Wiktionary. Only 48% of the "original" character forms were traditional Chinese characters. The Unicode number was correct in 99%, but in most cases the East Asian font used was not a traditional Chinese one. The issue about Han character forms was also found in all earlier versions of the WHO standard acupuncture nomenclature. Other detected problems included the use of wrong characters for an "original" character form in one name and for a simplified character form in another name. The WHO standard acupuncture nomenclature should be revised with a focus on accuracy in the usage of Han characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Neumann
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michael W Halle
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ron Kikinis
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Wang F, Zhao J, Li Y, Yang X, Wu D, Yang B, Zhang C, He Z, Du L, Zhu X, Ming D, Liu Y, Tang D. Acupuncture and acupressure with improved cancer-related depression of retrospective studies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1036634. [PMID: 36578922 PMCID: PMC9791202 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1036634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acupuncture and acupressure are widely used for treating cancer pain and depression and recognized as safe and effective by the international medical community. In this study, we systematically evaluated the efficacy, safety, and clinical significance of acupuncture and acupressure in treating cancer-related depression. Methods We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Embase and Chinese-language databases for randomized clinical trials (RCTs). To assess efficacy, rating scales administered by clinicians or experts were preferred, including the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and the total effective rate after treatment. In all, Sixteen RCTs involving 1019 cancer patients were included in the Meta-analysis. Results Eleven (69%) of these studies reported the post-treatment total effective rate. Three hundred fifty-three patients received antidepressants; the total effective rate was 72.5%. Three hundred sixty-one patients underwent acupuncture and acupressure; the total effective rate was 90%. Meta-analysis results showed I2 = 0%, no heterogeneity, (Z = 5.84, p < 0.00001); and combined OR = 3.55, (95% CI = 2.32 to 5.43). Discussion This study found that acupuncture and acupressure are as effective as medication in the treatment of cancer-related depression, provide a reliable basis for the clinical use of acupuncture to treat cancer-related depression, help promote nonpharmacological treatment for cancer-related complications. These approaches thus help reduce drug resistance and adverse reactions and improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiqing Wang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianing Zhao
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanju Li
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chike Zhang
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Liang Du
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Xiaodong Zhu, ; Dong Ming, ; Yang Liu, ; Dongxin Tang,
| | - Dong Ming
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Xiaodong Zhu, ; Dong Ming, ; Yang Liu, ; Dongxin Tang,
| | - Yang Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiaodong Zhu, ; Dong Ming, ; Yang Liu, ; Dongxin Tang,
| | - Dongxin Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiaodong Zhu, ; Dong Ming, ; Yang Liu, ; Dongxin Tang,
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13
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Jing F, Wen P, Xiangyun W, Fengxing LI, Ling Z, Zouqin H, Xueyong S. Efficacy of stimulating Mingmen (GV4) and Guanyuan (CV4) on kidney deficiency in rat model: laser irradiation traditional moxibustion. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:972-979. [PMID: 36378056 PMCID: PMC9924713 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of 10.6-μm laser moxibustion (LM) and traditional moxibustion (TM) on kidney deficiency (KYD) model rats. METHODS Forty rats were randomly divided into normal, model, 10.6-μm LM, and TM groups. KYD was induced through intramuscular hydrocortisone injections. RESULTS Hydrocortisone injections decreased the body weight, activity, and temperature and induced changes in the organ coefficients. Compared with the model group, TM and LM treatment prevented body weight loss and improved organ coefficients after treatment ( < 0.05), while the body weight remained lower compared to the normal group ( < 0.01). Additionally, LM and TM significantly increased the levels of urine 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OHCS) compared with the model group ( < 0.01). The LM and TM groups showed a greater distance travelled across the central area, time spent in the central area, and 5-min total distance than the model group in the open field test ( < 0.01). The model group had the lowest anal or surface temperature ( < 0.05); there were no differences among the other three groups ( > 0.05). TM treatment increased the temperature of Mingmen (GV4) and Guanyuan (CV4) compared to the model group ( < 0.05, < 0.01). LM treatment increased Mingmen (GV4) temperature ( < 0.05), while there were no obvious differences in Guanyuan (CV4) temperature compared with the normal group before and after treatment ( > 0.05). There was a positive correlation between Mingmen (GV4)/Guanyuan (CV4) temperature and 17-OHCS levels. CONCLUSIONS LM and TM treatment can improve KYD symptoms, and acupoint temperature changes may be an objective indicator of KYD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Jing
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Pan Wen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wang Xiangyun
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - L I Fengxing
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhao Ling
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huang Zouqin
- Department of Acupuncture,Shanghai Pudong New District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shen Xueyong
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.,3 Shanghai Research Center of Acupuncture & Meridian, Shanghai 201203, China
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14
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Zhong TH, Zhao JP, Qin JX, Zeng WM, Wang SZ, Yang C. [Study on positive reaction of foot three yin-meridians in patients with typeⅢ chronic prostatitis based on meridian diagnosis]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2022; 42:1131-5. [PMID: 37199204 DOI: 10.13703/j.0255-2930.20210625-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between typeⅢ chronic prostatitis and the positive reaction of foot three yin-meridians based on meridian diagnosis. METHODS Using the traditional meridian diagnosis combined with tenderness meter detection, the positive reaction rate of meridians and acupoints of crural foot three yin-meridians and tenderness pain threshold of standard acupoint location were compared in the typeⅢ chronic prostatitis patients (prostatitis group, 32 cases) and healthy subjects (health group, 30 cases). RESULTS The positive reaction rate of the spleen meridian was higher than those in the kidney meridian and the liver meridian in the prostatitis group (P<0.001). The positive reaction rates of the spleen meridian, the kidney meridian and the liver meridian and the total positive reaction rate of foot three yin-meridians in the prostatitis group were higher than those in the health group (P<0.001). In the prostatitis group, the positive reaction rates of Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Taixi (KI 3), Ligou (LR 5), Diji (SP 8), Ququan (LR 8), Shangqiu (SP 5) and Zhongfeng (LR 4) were higher than those in the health group (P<0.001), the tenderness pain threshold of acupoints of crural foot three yin-meridians was lower than the health group (P<0.001). The positive reaction rate of the spleen meridian was positively correlated with the pain score and the total score of National Institute of Health chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI), and the positive reaction rate of the kidney meridian was positively correlated with age and international prostate symptom score (IPSS) in the prostatitis group. CONCLUSION The positive reactions of foot three yin-meridians, especially the spleen meridian, are closely related to the pathological state of typeⅢ chronic prostatitis, pain and urination symptom are significantly correlated with the spleen meridian and the kidney meridian respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Hui Zhong
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of CM, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ji-Ping Zhao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of CM, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jia-Xin Qin
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of CM, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei-Mei Zeng
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of CM, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shan-Ze Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of CM/Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of CM, Beijing 100700, China
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15
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Yang E, Lu W, Muñoz-Vergara D, Goldfinger E, Kaptchuk TJ, Napadow V, Ahn AC, Wayne PM. Skin Temperature of Acupoints in Health and Disease: A Systematic Review. J Integr Complement Med 2022; 28:552-568. [PMID: 35475679 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2021.0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite substantial progress made in the field of acupuncture research, the existence and specificity of acupoints remain controversial. In recent years, the concept of acupoint sensitization has emerged as a theoretical framework for understanding acupoints as dynamic functional entities that are sensitized in pathological conditions. Based on this premise, some have claimed that specific acupoints are thermally distinct between healthy and clinical populations, but no systematic review has been conducted to synthesize and evaluate the quality of studies supporting such claims. In this review, we provide a summary and quality assessment of the existing literature addressing the question of whether changes in skin temperature at specific acupoints are indicative of pathological conditions. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and AltHealthWatch (EBSCO Host), by combining variations of search terms relevant to acupoints and temperature. The search was limited to the English language, and publication dates ranged from database inception to December 2020. Two authors independently screened all resulting abstracts and subsequently read full-text articles for eligibility. Information on study design, sample, acupoints, parameters of skin temperature assessments, and main findings were extracted from included studies. Quality of the thermal sensing methodology was evaluated using a thermal assessment checklist, adapted from the Thermographic Imaging in Sports and Exercise Medicine (TISEM) consensus checklist, and a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for case-control studies. Results: The search strategy yielded a total of 1771 studies, of which 10 articles met the eligibility criteria. Eight studies compared skin temperature at acupoints in healthy versus clinical populations, and two studies assessed within-subject changes in temperature of acupoints in relation to changes in health status. There were seven clinical conditions examined in the included studies: chronic bronchial asthma, chronic hepatitis, hyperplasia of mammary glands, infertility, intracranial hypertension, obesity, and primary dysmenorrhea. There were numerous methodological quality issues related to skin temperature measurements. Eight studies with case-control designs reported significant differences between healthy and clinical populations in temperature at certain acupoints. Two studies with pre-post designs reported that changes in health-disease status could be associated with changes in temperature at specific acupoints. Conclusion: A review of the available literature suggests that certain acupoints may be thermally distinct between healthy and unhealthy states. However, given the methodological limitations and heterogeneity across included studies, no definitive conclusion could be drawn as to whether changes in skin temperature at specific acupoints are indicative of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunMee Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weidong Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Muñoz-Vergara
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Esme Goldfinger
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ted J Kaptchuk
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vitaly Napadow
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Andrew C Ahn
- PhysioQ Organization, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Veteran Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - Peter M Wayne
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Yang LY, Lee BO, Lee KN, Chen CA. Effects of Electrical Stimulation of Acupoints on Xerostomia for Patients Who Undergo Hemodialysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10030498. [PMID: 35326976 PMCID: PMC8954393 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10030498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia plays a major role in higher interdialytic weight gain (IDWG), which causes cardiovascular complications in patients who undergo hemodialysis. However, few studies have determined a method to manage xerostomia. This study determines the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on hemodialysis patients with xerostomia and the percentage of IDWG. The study was a single-blind and quasi-experimental study. There are 75 participants: 37 in the TEAS group and 38 in the contrast group. The TEAS group used 250 µs and 50 Hz and the contrast group used 50 µs and 2 Hz three times a week for 3 weeks to stimulate ST 6 and TE17 acupoints. The salivary flow rates, dry mouth, and %IDWG were determined before, during and one week after the program. Compared with the contrast group, the TEAS group showed a significantly improved salivary flow rate (mL/min) (F (2, 123) = 15.28, p < 0.0001), and patients recovered their normal salivary flow rate. However, the results show that both groups showed significant improvement in dry mouth after treatment. The TEAS group demonstrated no effect in terms of %IDWG, as expected. The results show that a TEAS program is an effective means of symptom management for xerostomia patients who undergo hemodialysis. A TEAS program can be used to manage symptoms for xerostomia patients who undergo hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yu Yang
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (L.-Y.Y.); (B.-O.L.)
| | - Bih-O Lee
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (L.-Y.Y.); (B.-O.L.)
| | - Kai-Ni Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Tainan Sinlau Hospital, Tainan 701002, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-An Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Tainan Sinlau Hospital, Tainan 701002, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-2748316 (ext. 2100)
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17
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Intriago V, Reina MA, Boezaart AP, Tubbs RS, Montaña AV, Pérez-Rodríguez FJ, Junquera MS. Microscopy of Structures Surrounding Typical Acupoints Used in Clinical Practice and Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Acupuncture Needles. Clin Anat 2022; 35:392-403. [PMID: 35112392 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives Although the general functionality and structures of acupoints have been studied, there has been little insight into their underlying morphology and physical characteristics. We describe the microanatomical structures surrounding acupoints, the electron microscopic appearance of the needles, and the physical effects of acupuncture needling on the fascia. We injected heparinized blood solution through thin needles at seven known and commonly used "sweat acupoints" in eight fresh, unembalmed, cryopreserved human cadavers to mark the needle positions, and later, during histological examination, to identify them. After the solution was injected, samples were dissected and prepared for histological examination. We examined 350 cross-sections of five different paraffin wax sections from each acupoint microscopically. Acupuncture needles were photographed and superimposed on the cross-sectioned tissues at similar magnifications. Needles were also examined under a scanning electron microscope to judge the roughness or smoothness of their surfaces. A greater conglomeration of nerve endings surrounded the acupoints than in tissues more than 1-3 cm distant from them. Nerve endings and blood vessels were in close contact with a complex network of membranes formed by interlacing collagen fibers, and were always enclosed within those collagen membranes. Nerve endings were found within hypodermis, muscles, or both. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the three-dimensional shapes and sizes of the needles, and the degree of roughness or smoothness of their polished external surfaces. We demonstrate a delicate arrangement of nerve endings and blood vessels enclosed within complex collagen membrane networks at acupoints within the hypodermis and muscle. This arrangement could explain why needling is an essential step in the acupuncture process that provides favorable outcomes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A Reina
- CEU-San-Pablo University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Anesthesiology, Madrid-Montepríncipe University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Acute and Perioperative Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Facultad de CC de la Salud Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - André P Boezaart
- Acute and Perioperative Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Lumina Health Pain Medicine Collaborative, Surrey, UK
| | - Richard Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, West Indies.,Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ana V Montaña
- Facultad de CC de la Salud Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Margarita Sanroman Junquera
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Telematics, and Computing Systems, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Naguit N, Laeeq S, Jakkoju R, Reghefaoui T, Zahoor H, Yook JH, Rizwan M, Shahid NUA, Mohammed L. Is Acupuncture Safe and Effective Treatment for Migraine? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Cureus 2022; 14:e20888. [PMID: 35145793 PMCID: PMC8807499 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a debilitating condition that places a substantial economic burden on society and seriously affects patients' quality of life. Currently, there is no known "cure" for migraines, and pharmacologic treatments or prophylaxis carry many unwanted effects. Acupuncture has been accepted as an alternative treatment. However, its effectiveness is still debated. This is a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCT) that investigate acupuncture safety and efficacy in migraine versus various control groups. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane library using keywords: migraines, migraine with aura, migraine without aura, headache, acupuncture, and needling therapy. Two independent reviewers participated in data extraction and assessment. Fifteen randomized controlled trials involving 2,056 participants that met the inclusion criteria were obtained and analyzed. Based on the findings, seven out of 10 trials that compared acupuncture with sham acupuncture showed a more significant reduction in the frequency of migraine attacks and headache intensity. Four studies revealed acupuncture is just as effective and has fewer side effects than any western medicine. Acupuncture can be recommended as an alternative or adjunct to drug treatment for patients suffering migraines. However, further clinical trials that utilized the Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) recommendation are still needed to strongly present an evidence-based strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Naguit
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sadia Laeeq
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Rakesh Jakkoju
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Tiba Reghefaoui
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Hafsa Zahoor
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Yook
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Muneeba Rizwan
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Noor Ul Ain Shahid
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Lubna Mohammed
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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19
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Teixeira MA, Papini JZB, Garcez A, Tofoli GR. Comparative analysis of two laser wavelengths in the stimulation of acupuncture points for analgesic effects in an animal model. J Biophotonics 2022; 15:e202100213. [PMID: 34658149 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the effectiveness of two laser wavelengths for stimulating acupoints in an experimental model of acute postoperative pain. Forty-five Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive treatment on their left hind paw, contralateral to a surgical procedure. Laser treatments were performed with Green Laser-GL (532 nm, 70 mW and 7 J/cm2 of energy), Red Laser-RL (660 nm, 100 mW and 7 J/cm2 of energy), or with Laser Off-LO. After each application, the animals were evaluated with a Von Frey analgesiometer to check for painful sensitivity on their right (with surgery) and left (without surgery) hind paws. Neuropeptides and cytokine levels in the incision site tissue of the right paw were measured by ELISA after 1, 6 and 24 hours. It was possible to observe that, in this pain model, both lasers promoted analgesia and that the GL altered the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aguinaldo Garcez
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisa São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
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20
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Wu D, Dong G. A Case of Prurigo Nodularis Treating by Acupuncture. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:1815-1818. [PMID: 34880640 PMCID: PMC8645944 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s336109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim Male, 68 years old, suffering from prurigo nodularis for 7 months, and did not show any significant improvement after oral and topical medications. After 4 months of acupuncture treatment, the NRS for itch scores decreased from 9 to 1; the NRS for sleep scores increased from 5 to 9; HADS decreased from 14 to 2; DLQI decreased from 9 to 5; IGA decreased from 4 to 3. After a 2-month follow-up, the patient was stable in all aspects without new rash. Conclusion Acupuncture is a feasible method for the treatment of prurigo nodularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Guirong Dong
- Department of Acupuncture, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 20000, People's Republic of China
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Wang J, Wang IL, Hu R, Yao S, Su Y, Zhou S, Chen CH. Immediate Effects of Acupuncture on Explosive Force Production and Stiffness in Male Knee Joint. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:9518. [PMID: 34574441 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Acupuncture can improve explosive force production and affect joint stiffness by affecting muscle activation levels. This study aims to explore the effects of true acupuncture (TA) compared with sham acupuncture (SA) on the explosive force production and stiffness of the knee joint in healthy male subjects. Twenty subjects were randomly divided into the TA group (n = 10) and SA group (n = 10) to complete isokinetic movement of the right knee joint at a speed of 240°/s before and after acupuncture. Futu (ST32), Liangqiu (ST34), Zusanli (ST36), Xuehai (SP10), and Chengshan (BL57) were selected for acupuncture. The intervention of SA is that needles with a blunt tip were pushed against the skin, giving an illusion of insertion. The results showed that acupuncture and the intervention time had a significant interaction effect on knee joint explosive force and joint stiffness (p < 0.05). The average maximum (max) torque, average work, average power, average peak power and total work of the TA group increased significantly after acupuncture (p < 0.05), while the SA group did not (p > 0.05). Therefore, true acupuncture can immediately improve the explosive force and joint stiffness of the male knee joint by inducing post-activation potentiation (PAP) and/or De-Qi.
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Xu D, Zou L, Zhang W, Liao J, Wang J, Cui J, Su Y, Wang Y, Guo Y, Shen Y, Bai W. Comparison of Sensory and Motor Innervation Between the Acupoints LR3 and LR8 in the Rat With Regional Anatomy and Neural Tract Tracing. Front Integr Neurosci 2021; 15:728747. [PMID: 34539358 PMCID: PMC8445157 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.728747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the sensory and motor innervation of "Taichong" (LR3) and "Ququan" (LR8) in the rat and provide an insight into the neural relationship between the different acupoints in the same meridian. METHODS The LR3 and LR8 were selected as the representative acupoints from the Liver Meridian and examined by using the techniques of regional anatomy and neural tract tracing in this study. For both acupoints, their local nerves were observed with regional anatomy, and their sensory and motor pathways were traced using neural tract tracing with single cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) and dual Alexa Fluor 594/488 conjugates with CTB (AF594/488-CTB). RESULTS Using the regional anatomy, the branches of the deep peroneal nerve and saphenous nerve were separately found under the LR3 and LR8. Using single CTB, the sensory neurons, transganglionic axon terminals, and motor neurons associated with both LR3 and LR8 were demonstrated on the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), spinal dorsal horn, Clarke's nucleus, gracile nucleus, and spinal ventral horn corresponding to their own spinal segments and target regions, respectively. Using dual AF594/488-CTB tracing, it was shown that the sensory and motor neurons associated with LR3 were separated from that of LR8. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that LR3 and LR8 are innervated by different peripheral nerves, which originated from or terminated in their corresponding spinal segments and target regions independently through the sensory and motor pathways. These results provide an example for understanding the differential innervation between the different acupoints in the same meridian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Xu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zou
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieying Liao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Su
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Guo
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanzhu Bai
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zou Y, Bhat OM, Yuan X, Li G, Huang D, Guo Y, Zhou D, Li PL. Release and Actions of Inflammatory Exosomes in Pulmonary Emphysema: Potential Therapeutic Target of Acupuncture. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3501-3521. [PMID: 34335040 PMCID: PMC8318722 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s312385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes have been reported to mediate activation of the inflammatory response by secretion of inflammasome products such as IL-1β or IL-18 and that changes in exosomes production or secretion may be a therapeutic target for treatment of a variety of different chronic diseases. The present study tested the hypothesis that exosome-mediated release of NLRP3 inflammasome products instigates the inflammatory response in the lung during emphysema, a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and that electroacupuncture (EA) may attenuate emphysema by inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and consequent inflammation. METHODS The COPD mice model was developed by injecting porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) via puncture tracheotomy and instillation. EA (4 Hz/20 Hz, 1 to 3 mA) was applied to the bilateral BL13 and ST36 for 30 min, once every other day for 2 weeks. Micro computed tomography (micro-CT) was performed to measure lung function. Histopathological changes in the lungs were displayed by HE staining. RESULTS In a mouse model of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema, the lung tissue was found to display several key features of emphysema, including alveolar septal thickening, enlarged alveoli, interstitial edema, and inflammatory cells infiltration. Lungs of mice receiving PPE exhibited substantially increased low attenuation area (LAA) in micro-CT images. The colocalization of NLRP3 vs ASC or caspase-1 detected by confocal microscopy was shown to increase in both bronchial and alveolar walls, indicating the increased formation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. IL-1β, a prototype NLRP3 inflammasome activating product, was also found to have increased in the lung during emphysema, which was colocalized with CD63 (an exosome marker), an indicative of inflammatory exosome formation. By nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), IL-1β-containing exosomes were shown to significantly increase in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from mice with emphysema. Therapeutically, IL-1β production in the lung during emphysema was significantly reduced by EA at the acupoint Feishu (BL13) and Zusanli (ST36), accompanied by decreased colocalization of NLRP3 vs ASC or caspase-1. Increased exosome release into BAL during emphysema was shown to be significantly attenuated in EA-treated mice compared to their controls. However, EA of non-specific BL23 together with ST36 acupoint had no effects on NLRP3 inflammasome activation, exosome release and associated lung pathology during emphysema. CONCLUSION NLRP3 inflammasome activation in concert with increased release of exosomes containing IL-1β or other inflammasome products contributes to the development of lung inflammation and injury during PPE-induced emphysema and that EA of lung-specific acupoints attenuates inflammasome activation and exosome release, thereby reducing inflammatory response in the lung of mice with emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zou
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Dandan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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Wang IL, Hu R, Chen YM, Chen CH, Wang J, Ho CS. Effect of Acupuncture on Timeliness of Male Shoulder Joint Endurance. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18115638. [PMID: 34070380 PMCID: PMC8197513 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Acupuncture as a traditional and commonly used treatment has been used to improve the performance of athletes. In the improvement of female shoulder joint explosive force and muscle endurance also has an immediate effect. However, whether the effect of acupuncture therapy can be maintained after improving athletic performance still worth further discussion. The purpose of this study was to explore the timeless of the physical neurophysiological response induced by acupuncture at specific acupoints in improving endurance performance. Seventeen healthy male participants completed six groups of shoulder joint isokinetic exercises. The isokinetic exercise completed in the first group was taken as the baseline. After acupuncture for 15 min, the following 5 isokinetic experiments were completed. Acupuncture acupoints included Binao (LI14), Jianliao (SJ14), Naohui (SJ13), Zhongfu (LU1), Xiabai (LU4), Tianfu (LU3) and Xiaoluo (SJ12). The results show that acupuncture can improve physical performance for 10–20 min. After acupuncture, the maximum torque, average power, average work and total work values significantly increased (p < 0.05). Stimulation of acupoints can effectively improve the performance of periarticular muscle endurance around the shoulder, but this improvement is limited by time.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Lin Wang
- College of Physical Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China;
| | - Rui Hu
- Graduate Institute, Jilin Sports University, Changchun 130022, China; (R.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- College of Physical Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.C.); (C.-S.H.)
| | - Che-Hsiu Chen
- Department of Sport Performance, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan;
| | - Jun Wang
- Graduate Institute, Jilin Sports University, Changchun 130022, China; (R.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Chun-Sheng Ho
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Inc., Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan City 26546, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.C.); (C.-S.H.)
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Matos LC, Machado JP, Monteiro FJ, Greten HJ. Can Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis Be Parameterized and Standardized? A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:177. [PMID: 33562368 PMCID: PMC7914658 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in Western health systems and research requires a rational communicable theory, scientific proof of efficacy and safety, and quality control measures. The existence of clear definitions and the diagnosis standardization are critical factors to establish the patient's vegetative functional status accurately and, therefore, systematically apply TCM therapeutics such as the stimulation of reflex skin areas known as acupoints. This science-based conceptualization entails using validated methods, or even developing new systems able to parameterize the diagnosis and assess TCM related effects by objective measurements. Traditionally, tongue and pulse diagnosis and the functional evaluation of action points by pressure sensitivity and physical examination may be regarded as essential diagnostic tools. Parameterizing these techniques is a future key point in the objectification of TCM diagnosis, such as by electronic digital image analysis, mechanical pulse diagnostic systems, or the systematic evaluation of acupoints' electrophysiology. This review aims to demonstrate and critically analyze some achievements and limitations in the clinical application of device-assisted TCM diagnosis systems to evaluate functional physiological patterns. Despite some limitations, tongue, pulse, and electrophysiological diagnosis devices have been reported as a useful tool while establishing a person's functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Carlos Matos
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- CBSIn—Centro de Biociências em Saúde Integrativa, Atlântico Business School, 4405-604 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal;
- CTEC—Centro Transdisciplinar de Estudos da Consciência da Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pereira Machado
- CBSIn—Centro de Biociências em Saúde Integrativa, Atlântico Business School, 4405-604 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal;
- ICBAS—Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Fernando Jorge Monteiro
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Henry Johannes Greten
- ICBAS—Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- German Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
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Yeung WF, Yu BYM, Yuen JWM, Ho JYS, Chung KF, Zhang ZJ, Mak DSY, Suen LKP, Ho LM. Semi-Individualized Acupuncture for Insomnia Disorder and Oxidative Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1195-1207. [PMID: 34321944 PMCID: PMC8310926 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s318874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acupuncture is an alternative treatment for improving sleep, and it may attenuate oxidative stress, which is a possible pathophysiological factor in insomnia. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of a semi-individualized acupuncture in improving sleep and explore its effect on oxidative stress parameters in adults with insomnia disorder. METHODS In this randomized sham-controlled trial, 140 participants were randomly assigned to either a 4-week semi-individualized traditional acupuncture (TA) or noninvasive sham acupuncture (SA). The primary outcome measure was the sleep-diary-derived sleep efficiency. Other outcomes included sleep diary and actigraphy, Insomnia Severity Index, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and quality of life. Blood samples were taken to measure oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, paraoxonase, and arylesterase). RESULTS Although no significant difference was found in the primary outcome measure, both sleep-diary-derived and actigraphy-derived total sleep time (TST) were significantly increased in the TA group at 1-week posttreatment (mean difference in sleep diary = 22.0 min, p = 0.01, actigraphy = 18.8 min, p = 0.02). At 5-week posttreatment follow-up, a significantly higher proportion of participants in the TA group showed sleep-diary-derived sleep efficiency (SE) ≥ 85% than in the SA group (55.6% versus 36.4%, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION TA and SA did not significantly differ in improving subjective sleep efficiency in individuals with insomnia disorder. However, the TA group showed a short-term effect on improving TST as measured by both sleep diary and actigraphy at 1-week posttreatment, but there were no differences in the oxidative stress parameters. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Title: Acupuncture in the Modulation of Peripheral Oxidative Stress Insomnia; Identifier NCT03447587; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03447587.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fai Yeung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, The Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Branda Yee-Man Yu
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, The Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - John Wai-Man Yuen
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, The Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Janice Yuen Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, The Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ka-Fai Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, The Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, The Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Deejay Suen Yui Mak
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, The Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Lorna Kwai-Ping Suen
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, The Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Lai-Ming Ho
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, The Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Lu JY, Ying XW, Chen XL, Tu WZ, Li SS, Jiang SH. Effects of electroacupuncture at different acupoints on the histomorphology of neurogenic bladder and the expression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in interstitial cells of Cajal in a rat model of suprasacral spinal cord injury. Ann Palliat Med 2020; 9:3830-3838. [PMID: 33302651 DOI: 10.21037/apm-20-1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture at different acupoints on the histomorphology of neurogenic bladder and the expression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in a rat model of suprasacral spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS A incomplete suprasacral SCI rat model was induced using a MASCIS impactor. Rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, SCI model group, Ciliao treatment group or Guanyuan treatment group. The histomorphology of bladder cells was observed after hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of bladder tissue sections. The expression of HCN channel proteins in ICC cells was detected by western blot and immunofluorescence, and HCN channel mRNA expression was measured using real-time PCR. RESULTS In terms of histomorphology, the level of bladder cells after SCI increased significantly, and marked inflammation and edema were observed. Electroacupuncture treatment at the Ciliao acupoint significantly reduced inflammation and edema, whilst electroacupuncture treatment at the Guanyuan point partially reduced inflammation and edema. In terms of HCN channel protein and mRNA expression, western blotting, immunofluorescence and real-time PCR all confirmed that HCN channel expression after SCI was significantly upregulated, while electroacupuncture treatment at the Ciliao and Guanyuan acupoints inhibited HCN channel expression. CONCLUSIONS Electroacupuncture treatment at the Ciliao acupoint significantly reduced histomorphological abnormalities in ICCs, and inhibited the expression of HCN channel proteins after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Lu
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin-Wang Ying
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Long Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen-Zhan Tu
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Si-Si Li
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Song-He Jiang
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Liang YB, Vasudevan B, Lin Z, Zhou HJ, Ciuffreda KJ. The Effect of Eye Exercises of Acupoints on Myopia Progression: A 3-Year Cohort Report from the Beijing Myopia Progression Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:2793-2799. [PMID: 33293880 PMCID: PMC7718993 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s281289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the impact of eye exercises of acupoints on myopic progression among Chinese urban students. Methods The Beijing Myopia Progression Study (BMPS) was a three-year cohort study, with 386 students (aged 6–17 years) enrolled at baseline. These students were invited to be reexamined in the years 2011, 2012, and 2013. The student’s cycloplegic refraction at each visit and the parental non-cycloplegic refraction at baseline were performed. Students were also required to complete the eye exercise of acupoints questionnaire and the convergence insufficiency symptom survey (CISS). Results At the final follow-up, 226 students (57.2%) with complete refraction and eye exercises questionnaire data were enrolled in the present study. In the multivariate analysis, only students who performed the eye exercises twice or more per day had less myopic refractive change (β=0.32, p=0.04), as compared to those who performed the eye exercises less than twice per day. No significant association was found between the CISS score and the refractive change for items in the eye exercises questionnaire. Conclusion In this study cohort, the Chinese eye exercises of acupoints had a modest effect on reducing myopic progression among Chinese urban students aged 6 to 17 years. The precise mechanism remains unclear, especially in the absence of a control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Bo Liang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Zhong Lin
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jia Zhou
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenneth J Ciuffreda
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, NY, USA
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Gong Y, Li N, Lv Z, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Yang T, Wang H, Zhao X, Chen Z, Dou B, Chen B, Guo Y, Guo Y, Xu Z. The neuro-immune microenvironment of acupoints-initiation of acupuncture effectiveness. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:189-198. [PMID: 32645257 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab0420-361rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is a centuried and unfading treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, which has been proved to exert curative effects on various disorders. Numerous works have been put in to uncover the effective mechanisms of acupuncture. And the interdependent interaction between acupuncture and acupoint microenvironment is a crucial topic. As a benign minimally invasive stimulation, the insertion and manipulation of needle at acupoint could cause deformation of local connective tissue and secretion of various molecules, such as high mobility group box 1 and ATP. The molecules are secreted into extracellular space and bind to the corresponding receptors thus active NF-κB, MAPK, ERK pathways on mast cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and monocytes/macrophages, among others. This is supposed to trigger following transcription and translation of immune factors and neural active substance, as well as promote the free ion movement (such as Ca2+ influx) and the expansion of blood vessels to recruit more immune cells to acupoint. Finally, acupuncture could enhance network connectivity of local microenvironment at acupoints. The earlier mentioned substances further act on a variety of receptors in local nerve endings, transmitting electrical and biochemical signals to the CNS, and giving full play to the acupuncture action. In conclusion, we portrayed a neuro-immune microenvironment network of acupoints that medicates the acupuncture action, and would lay a foundation for the systematic study of the complex network relationship of acupoints in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Gong
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningcen Li
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongxi Lv
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Nankai, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Municipal Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Changzhi City, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Baomin Dou
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongming Guo
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
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Maryam A, Fariba A, Azita M, Babak B, Tabandeh S. The Effects of Auriculotherapy on Shoulder Pain After a Cesarean Section. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2020; 13:157-162. [PMID: 32980559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postcesarean section shoulder pain caused by constrained upper extremity movement limits the maternal activities of breastfeeding and neonatal care. OBJECTIVES This study aims at investigating the effects of auriculotherapy on shoulder pain after a cesarean section. METHODS In this randomized controlled trial, 90 candidates for a cesarean section were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly allocated into control and intervention groups by the minimization method. In the intervention group, ear seeds were placed on shoulder and muscle relaxation points from two hours prior to surgery until 24 hours after it. In the control group, ear seeds were placed on placebo points. Shoulder pain was assessed on a numerical pain scale in 1, 6, and 24 hours after surgery. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the two groups 1 and 6 hours after surgery. However, there was a significant difference between the two groups 24 hours after surgery and the mean pain score was lower in the intervention group (independent t-test, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The use of auriculotherapy is recommended for the prevention and alleviation of shoulder pain after a cesarean section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedini Maryam
- Critical Care Nursing Student, School of Nursing and Midwifery; Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Aminzadeh Fariba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Nicknafs Educational and Treatment Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Manshoori Azita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Nicknafs Educational and Treatment Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Bakhtar Babak
- Department of Management of Treatment, Iran Social Security Organization, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sadeghi Tabandeh
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Luo M, Song B, Zhu J. Electroacupuncture: A New Approach for Improved Postoperative Sleep Quality After General Anesthesia. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:583-592. [PMID: 32922103 PMCID: PMC7457783 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s261043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia produces a state of drug-induced unconsciousness that is controlled by the extent and duration of administered agents. Whether inhalation or intravenous in formulation, such agents may interfere with normal sleep-wake cycles, impairing postoperative sleep quality and creating complications. Electroacupuncture is a new approach widely applied in clinical practice during recent years. This particular technology helps regulate neurotransmitter concentrations in the brain, lowering norepinephrine and dopamine levels to improve sleep quality. It also alleviates surgical pain that degrades postoperative sleep quality after general anesthesia by downregulating immune activity (SP, NK-1, and COX-1) and upregulating serotonin receptor (5-HT1AR, 5-HT2AR) and endocannabinoid expression levels. However, large-scale, multicenter studies are still needed to determine the optimal duration, frequency, and timing of electroacupuncture for such use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bijia Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junchao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
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Yang NN, Ye Y, Tian ZX, Ma SM, Zheng Y, Huang J, Yang JW, Shao JK, Liu CZ. Effects of electroacupuncture on the intestinal motility and local inflammation are modulated by acupoint selection and stimulation frequency in postoperative ileus mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13808. [PMID: 32114712 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture (EA) is widely used in various gastrointestinal diseases around the world, including POI. Here, we investigated different therapeutic effects of EA using lower limb and abdomen acupoints. METHODS Intestinal manipulation was performed in 88 mice, and eight mice underwent a sham operation. Forty mice were randomly divided into model group and four EA groups receiving stimulation at ST36 (2, 10, 30, 100 Hz). The most effective frequency was then used in the following experiments. Forty-eight mice were randomly divided into six groups receiving EA treatment at ST37, ST39, ST25, CV4, CV12, and a non-acupuncture point. Gastrointestinal motility and plasma TNF-α, IL-6 were evaluated in all mice. The local immune response and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression were assessed by immunofluorescence, ELISA, and HE staining. RESULTS ST36 stimulated with 10 or 30 Hz EA significantly increased the gastrointestinal motility and attenuated peripheral inflammation; however, ST36 stimulated with 2 or 100 Hz did not induce any effect. The therapeutic effects on motility and inflammation of 10 Hz EA in the ST36 group were similar in the ST36, ST37, ST39, or CV4 groups, but when applied to ST25, CV12 or non-acupoint had no significant differences. EA at ST36, ST37, ST39, or CV4 significantly inhibited local MPO activity, immune cells infiltration, and increased α-SMA. CONCLUSIONS EA at lower limb and abdomen acupoints with the same stimulation parameters had different therapeutic effects on postoperative dysmotility and inflammation. Furthermore, EA protected SMC to improve gastrointestinal transit by reducing local inflammation in the intestinal musculature in POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Yang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tunia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Xue Tian
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tunia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Ming Ma
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tunia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Kai Shao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tunia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Ma SM, Yang NN, Fan H, Wang L, Huang J, Yang JW, Liu CZ. [Challenges and enlightenments of SPARC program on acupuncture and moxibustion researches in China]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2020; 40:439-42. [PMID: 32275377 DOI: 10.13703/j.0255-2930.20190327-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The advantages of western medical research were analyzed and the differences between skin nerve stimulation in western medicine and acupuncture-moxibustion in TCM were compared, so as to inspire the scientific researches of acupuncture and moxibustion in China. The related literature was searched and the research basis, content and achievements of the American stimulating peripheral activity to relief condition (SPARC) program were systematically summarized. From the perspectives of theoretical system, stimulation site, stimulation method and mechanism of action, the similarities and differences between skin nerve stimulation in western medicine and acupuncture-moxibustion in TCM were compared. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the systematic construction of SPARC "high-resolution neural circuit map" is essentially the upgraded version of the traditional distribution map of meridians and acupoints in China, which is similar to the research on origin of nervous system and stimulation site of acupuncture-moxibustion of TCM. Under the impact of "localization of traditional Chinese medicine" in other countries, learning from the international advanced research technology, gathering top-level talents, and encouraging openness and innovation will be the necessary pathway to improve the quality of acupuncture-moxibustion research and master the power of knowledge initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ming Ma
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of CM, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Na-Na Yang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of CM, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hao Fan
- Beijing Hospital of TCM, Capital Medical University
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of CM, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Beijing Hospital of TCM, Capital Medical University
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of CM, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of CM, Beijing 100029, China
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Song B, Chang Y, Li Y, Zhu J. Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on the Postoperative Sleep Quality and Pain of Patients After Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:809-819. [PMID: 33154688 PMCID: PMC7606945 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s270739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postoperative sleep disturbances have serious adverse effects on postoperative outcomes. Our paper aimed to observe the effect of using transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on sleep quality and complications after surgery in patients undergoing selective video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-five patients were divided into the TEAS group or the control group randomly. Thirty minutes of TEAS treatment was performed on TEAS group at the following time points: the first night before surgery, at the end of surgery, and before sleeping on the second and third nights after surgery. The Portable Sleep Monitor (PSM) was performed to determine the sleep quality of the two nights before the operation (Sleep preop 2 and Sleep preop 1) and the first and third night after surgery (Sleep POD 1 and Sleep POD 3). The visual analog scale (VAS) was performed to evaluate pain scores after surgery and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used for evaluating subjective sleep quality. RESULTS Participants in the TEAS group had a lower AIS score and higher sleep efficiency at each time point except Sleep preop 2. Participants in the TEAS group showed significantly higher proportion of each sleep stage during Sleep-preop 1, Sleep POD 1, and Sleep POD 3. Patients in the TEAS group had significantly lower VAS scores at 2, 4, and 6 h during the first 24 h after surgery. The incidence of nausea and vomiting and dizziness in the control group was statistically higher than in the TEAS group. CONCLUSION Patients usually have sleep disturbances after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, such as decreased distribution of each sleep stage, lower sleep efficiency, and higher AIS score. Undergoing TEAS treatment perioperatively can improve sleep quality, and effectively promote the postoperative analgesic effect and alleviate postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijia Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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35
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Liu CH, Kung YY, Lin CL, Yang JL, Wu TP, Lin HC, Chang YK, Chang CM, Chen FP. Therapeutic Efficacy and the Impact of the "Dose" Effect of Acupuncture to Treat Sciatica: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. J Pain Res 2019; 12:3511-3520. [PMID: 32021387 PMCID: PMC6942513 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s210672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the required sample size for and feasibility of a full-scale randomized controlled trial examining the impact of the “dose” effect of acupuncture in treating sciatica. Patients and methods Fifty-seven patients with sciatica, aged 35–70 years, were recruited and screened. Thirty-one participants were randomly assigned to receive “low-dose” manual acupuncture (MAL) (n= 15) or “high-dose” manual acupuncture (MAH) (n=16). The acupuncture treatment was administered twice weekly for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the visual analog scale (VAS) score at baseline and after 4 weeks of acupuncture treatment. Secondary outcomes included the Roland Disability Questionnaire for Sciatica (RDQS), the Sciatica Bothersomeness Index (SBI), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life in the Brief Edition (WHOQOL-BREF) scores at baseline and after 4 weeks of acupuncture treatment. Results Thirty patients completed the study. For all patients, acupuncture achieved significant improvement in the VAS (5.48±2.0, p<0.001), RDQS (3.18±2.83, p=0.004), and SBI (2.85±3.23, p=0.008) scores, but not in the WHOQOL-BREF scores. In the between-group analysis, the assessed scales showed no significant differences between the MAL and MAH groups. However, based on the level of chronicity, the MAH group demonstrated greater improvement in the outcomes and a significant benefit in the physical subscale of the WHOQOL-BREF (p<0.05). Conclusion Results of this pilot study indicate that acupuncture is safe and may effectively relieve symptoms and disability in patients with non-acute sciatica. MAL was as effective as MAH in treating sciatica. A subsequent trial with a larger sample size (estimated at n=96) is required to confirm whether patients with a high level of chronicity would benefit from MAH treatment. Trial registration NCT03489681.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsiung Liu
- Department of Neurology, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Ilan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yen-Ying Kung
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Liang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Ilan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jen-Lin Yang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ta-Peng Wu
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hong-Chun Lin
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yang-Kai Chang
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Mao Chang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fang-Pey Chen
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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36
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Guo JK, Xu JS, Chen TB, Xu MM, Liu ST, Zhang CX, Ke LJ, Zhou JW, Wang Q, Rao PF. Effects of TAT-SOD at Acupoints on Essential Hypertension by Monitoring Meridians Electrical Potential. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 26:694-700. [PMID: 31630358 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect on essential hypertension of the topical application of TAT-Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (TAT-SOD) at left acupoint Zusanli (ST 36), and to observe whether the change of electrical potential difference (EPD) can be related to the change of blood pressure. METHODS Sixteen patients with essential hypertension and 16 healthy subjects were included in the study. EPD between the left acupoints of Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Qiuxu (GB 40) was firstly screened out for the EPD detection. An intracellular superoxide quenching enzyme, TAT-SOD, was topically applied to the acupoint ST 36 within an area of 1 cm2 once a day, and the influence on EPD was investigated. The dosage applied to TAT-SOD group (n=8) was 0.2 mL of 3000 U/mL TAT-SOD cream prepared by adding purified TAT-SOD to a vehicle cream, while placebo group (n=8) used the vehicle cream instead. The left acupoints of Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Qiuxu (GB 40) were selected for EPD measurement after comparing EPD readings between 5 acupoints on each of all 12 meridians. RESULTS EPDs between the left acupoints of GB 34 and GB 40 for 16 patients of essential hypertension and 16 healthy subjects were 44.9±6.4 and 5.6±0.9 mV, respectively. Daily application of TAT-SOD for 15 days at ST 36 of essential hypertension patients significantly decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 179.6 and 81.5 mm Hg to 153.1 and 74.1 mm Hg, respectively. Responding to the change in blood pressure, EPD between the left acupoints of GB 34 and GB 40 also declined from 44.4 to 22.8 mV with the same trend. No change was observed with SBP, DBP and EPD between the left acupoints of GB 34 and GB 40 with the daily application of the placebo cream. CONCLUSION Enzymatic scavenging of the intracellular superoxide at ST 36 proved to be effective in decreasing SBP and DBP. The results reconfirm the involvement of superoxide anions and its transportation along the meridians, and demonstrate that EPD between acupoints may be an indicator to reflect its functioning status. Moreover, preliminary results suggest a close correlation between EPD and blood pressure readings, implying a possibility of using EPD as a sensitive parameter for blood pressure and to monitor the effect of antihypertensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ke Guo
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Zhejiang Gongshang University Joint Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310035, China
| | - Jin-Sen Xu
- Acupuncture College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Tian-Bao Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast, BT97BL, UK
| | - Ming-Ming Xu
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China
| | - Shu-Tao Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Chao-Xin Zhang
- Guangzhou Halcyon Technology Ltd., Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Li-Jing Ke
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Zhejiang Gongshang University Joint Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310035, China
| | - Jian-Wu Zhou
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Zhejiang Gongshang University Joint Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310035, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ping-Fan Rao
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Zhejiang Gongshang University Joint Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310035, China.
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37
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Wang YP, Hou XS. [Discussion on the classification of acupoints]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2019; 39:1069-1072. [PMID: 31621259 DOI: 10.13703/j.0255-2930.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the existing classification of acupoints and puts forward a new classification method of acupoints. Through the definition of 3 kinds of acupoints and the analysis of the original meaning of ashi points, it is pointed out that the existing classification of acupoints has overlapping among different categories. The acupoints are reclassified based on the characteristics of acupoints in reflecting and treating disease as well as the application of acupoints in clinic. Acupoints can be divided into traditional acupoints and modern holographic acupoints, among which traditional acupoints can be divided into meridian system points and extra points. According to their structure and function features, meridian system points can be divided into meridian points, collateral points, meridian-muscles points and cutaneous region points. The new classification method of acupoints highlights the importance of channel-collateral theory in acupuncture clinic and the feature of acupuncture in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of CM, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xue-Si Hou
- Acupuncture Center of Beijing Hospital of TCM Affiliated to Capital Medical University
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Zhu H, Nan S, Suo C, Zhang Q, Hu M, Chen R, Wan J, Li M, Chen J, Ding M. Electro-Acupuncture Affects the Activity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovary Axis in Female Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:466. [PMID: 31068836 PMCID: PMC6491808 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axis is a dominant system controlling ovulation during puberty. Electro-acupuncture (EA) has been widely used to cure the reproductive diseases associated with endocrinological disorders. However, whether EA treatment affects HPO axis activity of physiological animals and induces alterations on the hormones in the HPO axis was also unclear. Here, we performed the EA stimuli on bilateral acupoints of Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Zusanli (ST36) on female virgin rats every 3 days and for a total of 5 times. The results showed that GnRH levels in hypothalamus were greatly upregulated in EA-treated rats than untreated animals at day 7 and 13. The serum levels for FSH and LH were severely reduced after EA treatment compared with EA-untreated animals at day 1, while they were greatly increased at day 7 and 13. The serum concentrations of 17β-estradiol were lower in EA-treated rats versus untreated animals at day 7, while they were higher in EA-treated rats than other groups at day 13. However, the progesterone concentrations were lower in EA-treated rats than Control and Sham-EA rats both at day 7 and 13. More importantly, we found that the prostaglandin E2 level in serum was reduced in EA-treated rats versus untreated rats at day 1, while they were upregulated at day 7 and 13. Conversely, the norepinephrine level in serum was increased at day 1, while they were decreased greatly in EA-treated rats versus untreated rats at day 7 and 13. The current results demonstrated that EA could modulate homeostasis of HPO axis in physiologic rats, which would be useful to clarify the mechanisms of EA application on pathological and physiological animals or human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sha Nan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanguang Suo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiulin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manli Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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39
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Fernandez Rojas R, Liao M, Romero J, Huang X, Ou KL. Cortical Network Response to Acupuncture and the Effect of the Hegu Point: An fNIRS Study. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19020394. [PMID: 30669377 PMCID: PMC6359459 DOI: 10.3390/s19020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture is a practice of treatment based on influencing specific points on the body by inserting needles. According to traditional Chinese medicine, the aim of acupuncture treatment for pain management is to use specific acupoints to relieve excess, activate qi (or vital energy), and improve blood circulation. In this context, the Hegu point is one of the most widely-used acupoints for this purpose, and it has been linked to having an analgesic effect. However, there exists considerable debate as to its scientific validity. In this pilot study, we aim to identify the functional connectivity related to the three main types of acupuncture manipulations and also identify an analgesic effect based on the hemodynamic response as measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The cortical response of eleven healthy subjects was obtained using fNIRS during an acupuncture procedure. A multiscale analysis based on wavelet transform coherence was employed to assess the functional connectivity of corresponding channel pairs within the left and right somatosensory region. The wavelet analysis was focused on the very-low frequency oscillations (VLFO, 0.01–0.08 Hz) and the low frequency oscillations (LFO, 0.08–0.15 Hz). A mixed model analysis of variance was used to appraise statistical differences in the wavelet domain for the different acupuncture stimuli. The hemodynamic response after the acupuncture manipulations exhibited strong activations and distinctive cortical networks in each stimulus. The results of the statistical analysis showed significant differences (p<0.05) between the tasks in both frequency bands. These results suggest the existence of different stimuli-specific cortical networks in both frequency bands and the anaesthetic effect of the Hegu point as measured by fNIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Fernandez Rojas
- Human-Centred Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617, Australia.
| | - Mingyu Liao
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan.
| | - Julio Romero
- Human-Centred Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617, Australia.
| | - Xu Huang
- Human-Centred Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617, Australia.
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan.
- School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
- Department of Oral Hygiene Care, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 203, Taiwan.
- 3D Global Biotech Inc., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan.
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Fan Y, Kim DH, Ryu Y, Chang S, Lee BH, Yang CH, Kim HY. Neuropeptides SP and CGRP Underlie the Electrical Properties of Acupoints. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:907. [PMID: 30618546 PMCID: PMC6299809 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical skin measurements at acupuncture points (acupoints) have been utilized as a diagnostic and therapeutic aid for more than 50 years. Although acupoints are described as having distinct electrical properties, such as high conductance and low impedance, the underlying mechanisms are currently unknown. The present study investigated in a rat model of hypertension whether the high conductance at acupoints is a result of the release of the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) during neurogenic inflammation in the referred pain area. When plasma extravasation from neurogenic inflammation was examined by exploring the leakage of intravenously injected Evans blue dye (EBD) to the skin, extravasated EBD was found most frequently in acupoints on the wrist. The increased conductance and temperature at these acupoints occurred during the development of hypertension. The increase in conductance and plasma extravasation at acupoints in hypertensive rats was ablated by cutting median and ulnar nerves, blocking small diameter afferent fibers with resiniferatoxin (RTX) injection into median and ulnar nerves, or antagonizing SP or CGRP receptors in acupoints. In turn, intradermal injection of SP or CGRP resulted in increased conductance and plasma extravasation in naïve rats. Elevated levels of SP and CGRP were found in the acupoints of hypertensive rats. These findings suggest that the high conductance at acupoints is due to vascular leakage following local release of SP and CGRP during neurogenic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fan
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yeonhee Ryu
- Korean Medicine Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Suchan Chang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Bong Hyo Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea
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Yan CQ, Zhang S, Li QQ, Zhang LW, Wang XR, Fu QN, Shi GX, Liu CZ. Detection of peripheral and central sensitisation at acupoints in patients with unilateral shoulder pain in Beijing: a cross-sectional matched case-control study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014438. [PMID: 28619769 PMCID: PMC5541597 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the pattern of experimental pain responses at acupoints in patients with unilateral shoulder pain. DESIGN A cross-sectional matched study. SETTING Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University. PARTICIPANTS Volunteer samples of 60 participants (30 patients with unilateral shoulder pain, 30 healthy controls). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were measured at four acupoints-namely, Tianzong (SI 11), Jianliao (SJ 14), Jianyu (LI 15) and Jianzhen (SI 9), on the painful/non-painful side in patients with unilateral shoulder pain or healthy controls, respectively. The correlations between the Peripheral Sensitisation Index (PSI) and Central Sensitisation Index (CSI) were compared. RESULTS Analysis showed significantly lower PPT values at acupoints on the painful side compared with the non-painful side in patients with shoulder pain (p<0.025). Meanwhile, PPTs on the non-painful side of these patients were lower than those on the ipsilateral side of healthy controls (p<0.025). No significant differences in PPT values were found between the non-acupoint of the painful/non-painful side in patients with shoulder pain and the ipsilateral side of healthy controls (p>0.05). Additionally, it was observed that the pressure pain assessment acupoints have a strong association with PSI and CSI; three acupoints, in particular, SJ 14, LI 15 and SI 9, showed a correlation with PSI and CSI. CONCLUSION The results suggest the presence of peripheral and central sensitisation at acupoints in participants with unilateral shoulder pain. There exists an obvious relationship among the three acupoints SJ 14, LI 15 and SI 9, which are usually chosen to treat shoulder pain. The results provide evidence for the selection of acupoints to treat shoulder pain by acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Qun Yan
- The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Qian Li
- The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Wen Zhang
- The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Rui Wang
- The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Nan Fu
- The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Xia Shi
- The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
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Jiang H, Wang F. [Analogical acupoints:acupoints with similar functions in the body]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2017; 37:153-156. [PMID: 29231478 DOI: 10.13703/j.0255-2930.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Analogical acupoints refer to the acupoints with similar functions or effects for certain diseases. From ancient and modern literature, teaching material, modern experimental research and clinical research, the existence of analogical acupoints in the human body is confirmed from multiple levels and angles in this paper. Each acupoint could be considered as analogical acupoint for many diseases, and the analogical acupoints of each disease are overlapped. Therefore, analogical acupoints are not only the basis and premise of acupoint compatibility, but also the basic elements of compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Jiang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Changchun University of CM, Changchun 130117, Jilin Province, China
| | - Fuchun Wang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Changchun University of CM, Changchun 130117, Jilin Province, China.
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Sun Y, Liu T, Yang H. [Effects of acupuncture manipulations for acupoints impedance under the skin-clinical report of 60 healthy volunteers]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2016; 36:945-948. [PMID: 29231389 DOI: 10.13703/j.0255-2930.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of acupuncture manipulations for acupoints by their impedance under the skin. METHODS The retaining,reinforcing and reducing of acupuncture were implemented on 60 healthy volunteers, and the needles were retained for 20 min. Data analysis system for the electrical characteristics of single point was used, with insulation coating needles as the probes. The effects of acupuncture manipulations before, in the middle of and after intervention were observed through the real time dynamic detection for Zusanli (ST 36). RESULTS ①The impedance during the reducing process was apparently higher than that during the reinforcing (P<0.05), and the reinforcing was obviously higher than that of retaining (P<0.05), namely Rreducing > Rreinforcing > Rretaining. ②After intervention,the three manipulations can decrease the impedance of acupoints than before (all P<0.01). The retaining method reduced about 11.44 kΩ; reinforcing, 11.15 kΩ; reducing,11.12 kΩ. CONCLUSIONS Acupuncture manipulations can variously and apparently change the impedance of acupoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Sun
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Jilin Municipal Hospital of TCM, Jilin 312012, Jilin Province, China
| | - Tangyi Liu
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of TCM
| | - Huayuan Yang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of TCM
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Abstract
Tongguan Liqiao acupuncture therapy has been shown to effectively treat dysphagia after stroke-based pseudobulbar paralysis. We presumed that this therapy would be effective for dysphagia after bulbar paralysis in patients with brainstem infarction. Sixty-four patients with dysphagia following brainstem infarction were recruited and divided into a medulla oblongata infarction group (n = 22), a midbrain and pons infarction group (n = 16), and a multiple cerebral infarction group (n = 26) according to their magnetic resonance imaging results. All patients received Tongguan Liqiao acupuncture for 28 days. The main acupoints were Neiguan (PC6), Renzhong (DU26), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Fengchi (GB20), Wangu (GB12), and Yifeng (SJ17). Furthermore, the posterior pharyngeal wall was pricked. Before and after treatment, patient swallowing functions were evaluated with the Kubota Water Test, Fujishima Ichiro Rating Scale, and the Standard Swallowing Assessment. The Barthel Index was also used to evaluate their quality of life. Results showed that after 28 days of treatment, scores on the Kubota Water Test and Standard Swallowing Assessment had decreased, but scores on the Fujishima Ichiro Rating Scale and Barthel Index had increased in each group. The total efficacy rate was 92.2% after treatment, and was most obvious in patients with medulla oblongata infarction (95.9%). These findings suggest that Tongguan Liqiao acupuncture therapy can repair the connection of upper motor neurons to the medulla oblongata motor nucleus, promote the recovery of brainstem infarction, and improve patient's swallowing ability and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin-Ling Bian
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Meng
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Na Meng
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue-Song Ren
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Guo
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue-Min Shi
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Abaraogu UO, Tabansi-Ochuogu CS. As Acupressure Decreases Pain, Acupuncture May Improve Some Aspects of Quality of Life for Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2015; 8:220-8. [PMID: 26433798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological symptom reported by women and constitutes a high health, social, and economic burden. Chemotherapies, along with their side effects, have not yielded satisfactory outcomes. Alternative nonpharmacological interventions, including acupuncture and acupressure, have been advocated, but evidence regarding their beneficial effect is inconclusive. This study sought to obtain evidence on the effectiveness of acupuncture and acupressure interventions. Twelve electronic databases were searched by using menstrual pain intensity and quality of life as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively, with the PEDro guideline for quality appraisal. Data unsuitable for a meta-analysis were reported as descriptive data. The search yielded 38 citations, from which eight studies were systematically reviewed, four of the eight being eligible for meta-analysis. The systematic review showed moderate methodological quality with a mean of 6.1 out of 10 on the PEDro quality scale. Acupressure showed evidence of pain relief while acupuncture improved both the mental and the physical components of quality of life. In conclusion, physiotherapists should consider using acupuncture and acupressure to treat primary dysmenorrhea, but a need exists for higher quality, randomized, blinded, sham-controlled trials with adequate sample sizes to establish clearly the effects of these modalities.
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Sheta E, Ragab S, Farghali H, El-Sherif A. Successful practice of electroacupuncture analgesia in equine surgery. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2014; 8:30-9. [PMID: 25660442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture analgesia was used for surgery in horses and donkeys. A KWD-808 electrical stimulator was used to incrementally induce a dense, dispersed wave output at frequencies from 20 to 55 Hz, which was maintained at a frequency of 55 Hz, and to change the amplitude of the wave to the best grading number for the suggested operation in each animal. Induction of analgesia lasted for 20-30 minutes, and the effect of analgesia was maintained for 20-45 minutes depending on the type of surgery performed. The exhibited clinical signs, physical examination data, and the responses of all animals were used for evaluating the periods of analgesia. Although the majority of the cases (95%) had no response to strong surgical pain, they experienced significant increases in heart rates and respiratory rates during induction. The lack of pain, relaxed surgical procedures, reduced intraoperative bleeding, and improved healing without complications were all definite benefits of using electroacupuncture analgesia in surgery. Thus, this study has provided surgical evidence supporting the effectiveness of electroacupuncture analgesia, as well as confirming its reliability, in the field of equine anesthesia and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldessouky Sheta
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Safwat Ragab
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haithem Farghali
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Yeo S, An KS, Hong YM, Choi YG, Rosen B, Kim SH, Lim S. Neuroprotective changes in degeneration-related gene expression in the substantia nigra following acupuncture in an MPTP mouse model of Parkinsonism: Microarray analysis. Genet Mol Biol 2014; 38:115-27. [PMID: 25983633 PMCID: PMC4415566 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-475738120140137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the death
of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra (SN). Acupuncture stimulation
results in an enhanced survival of dopaminergic neurons in the SN in Parkinsonism
animal models. The present study investigated changes in gene expression profiles
measured using whole transcript array in the SN region related to the inhibitory
effects of acupuncture in a chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
(MPTP) Parkinsonism model. In this model, acupuncture stimulation at GB34 and LR3
attenuated the decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase in the SN region; stimulation at
non-acupoints did not suppress this decrease. Gene array analysis revealed that 22
(10 annotated genes: Cdh1, Itih2,
Mpzl2, Rdh9, Serping1,
Slc6a13, Slc6a20a, Slc6a4,
Tph2, and Ucma) probes that were up-regulated in MPTP animals
relative to controls were exclusively down-regulated by acupuncture stimulation. In
addition, 17 (two annotated genes: 4921530L21Rik and
Gm13931) probes that were down-regulated in MPTP animals compared
to controls were exclusively up-regulated by acupuncture stimulation. These findings
indicate that the 39 probes (12 annotated genes) affected by MPTP and acupuncture may
be responsible for the inhibitory effects of acupuncture on degeneration-related gene
expression in the SN following damage induced by MPTP intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujung Yeo
- Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea . ; Department of Basic Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Sang An
- Department of Basic Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Hong
- Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea . ; Department of Basic Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Gon Choi
- Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea . ; Department of Basic Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bruce Rosen
- Department of Basic Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea . ; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Basic Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sabina Lim
- Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea . ; Department of Basic Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) in inhibiting upper-extremity spasticity in chronic stroke patients, and also in mapping a unique preliminary acupoint-selection protocol. METHODS Fifteen patients were divided into two groups: patients in the control group (n=6) received minimal acupuncture (MA), and those in the experimental group (n=9) received EA. Four acupoints, which include Neiguan (PC6), Shaohai (HT3), Zeqian (Ex-UE, A32), and Shounizhu (EX-UE), were treated near the motor points of the muscles for elbow flexion, forearm pronation, and finger flexion. Both groups were treated for twelve sessions, 20 minutes per session, for 6 weeks (two sessions per week). The outcome measures in this study included angle of muscle reaction (R1), passive range of motion (R2), and dynamic component (R2-R1). RESULTS In the experimental group, the R2-R1 of the elbow joint was significantly decreased at 1 (P=0.0079), 3 (P=0.0013), and 6 weeks (P=0.0149) after treatment compared with pretreatment levels (P<0.05). The between-group difference in the R2-R1 of the elbow joint after the 6-week treatment was statistically significant. CONCLUSION Combining the 6-week EA and standard rehabilitation treatment reduced the spasticity of the elbow for chronic stroke survivors. However, no significant effect was observed in the spasticity of the wrist joints. The choice of acupoints and the frequency of EA have to be taken into account to achieve a positive treatment effect. The correlation between acupoints and motor points provides a model of acupoint selection to improve spasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Huei Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Din Lin
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Chou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
- Acupuncture Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
The concepts of meridians and acupoints are critical to traditional Chinese medicine but are met with skepticism in Western medicine. Empirical validation of these concepts is in its beginning stages and still hampered by problems with measurement. A promising avenue and foundation for validity testing is the demonstration that acupoint activity can be reliably measured via determination of electrical resistance at well-defined body surface points. In this article, efforts are described to maximize measurement reliability; we tested a variety of protocols to determine which method of data aggregation is associated with maximal reliability. Twenty-one healthy individuals were subjected to 5 repeated measurement cycles to test the predicted increase in reliability with increasing number of aggregated measurements. Reliability, defined as internal consistency, was indeed highest for 5 measurements (mean alpha = .88). Even the aggregate of only three measures was quite reliable (alpha = .84). Reliability for measuring acupoints on the left side of the body was roughly .05 higher than on the right side. Consistent with previous literature, we conclude that with repeated measures the reliability of electrical resistance measurements at acupoints is high and that a strong foundation for validation research is now laid.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Turner
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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