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Russo I, Dun W, Mehta S, Ahmed S, Tzimas C, Fukuma N, Tsai EJ. Extracellular Matrix Instability and Chronic Inflammation Underlie Maladaptive Right Ventricular Pressure Overload Remodeling and Failure in Male Mice. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.03.588013. [PMID: 38617374 PMCID: PMC11014567 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.588013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) portends increased death risk for heart failure (HF) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients, regardless of left ventricular function or etiology. In both, RVD arises from the chronic RV pressure overload, and represents advanced cardiopulmonary disease. RV remodeling responses and survival rates of HF and PAH patients, however, differ by sex. Men develop more severe RVD and die at younger ages than do women. Mechanistic details of this sexual dimorphism in RV remodeling are incompletely understood. We sought to elucidate the cardiac pathophysiology underlying the sex-specific RV remodeling phenotypes, RV failure (RVF) versus compensated RVD. Methods We subjected male (M-) and female (F-) adult mice to moderate pulmonary artery banding (PAB) for 9wks. Mice underwent serial echocardiography, cardiac MRI, RV pressure-volume loop recordings, histologic and molecular analyses. Results M-PAB developed severe RVD with RVF, increased RV collagen deposition and degradation, extracellular matrix (ECM) instability, and activation and recruitment of macrophages. Despite the same severity and chronicity of RV pressure overload, F-PAB had more stable ECM, lacked chronic inflammation, and developed mild RVD without RVF. Conclusions ECM destabilization and chronic activation of recruited macrophages are associated with maladaptive RV remodeling and RVF in male PAB mice. Adaptive RV remodeling of female PAB mice lacked these histopathologic changes. Our findings suggest that these two pathophysiologic processes likely contribute to the sexual dimorphism of RV pressure overload remodeling. Further mechanistic studies are needed to assess their pathogenic roles and potential as targets for RVD therapy and RVF prevention. CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE What is new?: In a mouse model of pure PH, males but not females showed an association between ECM instability, chronic inflammation with activation of recruited macrophages, and severe RV dysfunction and failure.What are the clinical implications?: In male HF and PH patients, enhancing ECM stability and countering the recruitment and activation of macrophages may help preserve RV function such that RVF can be prevented or delayed. Further preclinical mechanistic studies are needed to assess the therapeutic potential of such approaches. RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE What new question does this study raise? What question should be addressed next?: What mechanisms regulate RV ECM stability and macrophage recruitment and activation in response to chronic RV pressure overload? Are these regulatory mechanisms dependent upon or independent of sex hormone signaling?
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Matilla L, Martín-Núñez E, Garaikoetxea M, Navarro A, Tamayo I, Fernández-Celis A, Gainza A, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E, Muntendam P, Álvarez V, Sádaba R, Jover E, López-Andrés N. Sex-specific role of galectin-3 in aortic stenosis. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:72. [PMID: 37875993 PMCID: PMC10598900 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic stenosis (AS) is characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Men and women develop these mechanisms differently. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a pro-inflammatory and pro-osteogenic lectin in AS. In this work, we aim to analyse a potential sex-differential role of Gal-3 in AS. METHODS 226 patients (61.50% men) with severe AS undergoing surgical aortic valve (AV) replacement were recruited. In AVs, Gal-3 expression and its relationship with inflammatory, osteogenic and angiogenic markers was assessed. Valve interstitial cells (VICs) were primary cultured to perform in vitro experiments. RESULTS Proteomic analysis revealed that intracellular Gal-3 was over-expressed in VICs of male AS patients. Gal-3 secretion was also higher in men's VICs as compared to women's. In human AVs, Gal-3 protein levels were significantly higher in men, with stronger immunostaining in VICs with myofibroblastic phenotype and valve endothelial cells. Gal-3 levels in AVs were positively correlated with inflammatory markers in both sexes. Gal-3 expression was also positively correlated with osteogenic markers mainly in men AVs, and with angiogenic molecules only in this sex. In vitro, Gal-3 treatment induced expression of inflammatory, osteogenic and angiogenic markers in male's VICs, while it only upregulated inflammatory and osteogenic molecules in women-derived cells. Gal-3 blockade with pharmacological inhibitors (modified citrus pectin and G3P-01) prevented the upregulation of inflammatory, osteogenic and angiogenic molecules. CONCLUSIONS Gal-3 plays a sex-differential role in the setting of AS, and it could be a new sex-specific therapeutic target controlling pathological features of AS in VICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Matilla
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ernesto Martín-Núñez
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mattie Garaikoetxea
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adela Navarro
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ibai Tamayo
- Research Methodology Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaya Fernández-Celis
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alicia Gainza
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Virginia Álvarez
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Sádaba
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eva Jover
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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Zaborska B, Sikora-Frąc M, Smarż K, Pilichowska-Paszkiet E, Budaj A, Sitkiewicz D, Sygitowicz G. The Role of Galectin-3 in Heart Failure-The Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Potential-Where Do We Stand? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13111. [PMID: 37685918 PMCID: PMC10488150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an important factor in the pathophysiology of HF, mainly due to its role in cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, and ventricular remodeling. Fibrosis is a hallmark of cardiac remodeling, HF, and atrial fibrillation development. This review aims to explore the involvement of Gal-3 in HF and its role in the pathogenesis and clinical diagnostic and prognostic significance. We report data on Gal-3 structure and molecular mechanisms of biological function crucial for HF development. Over the last decade, numerous studies have shown an association between echocardiographic and CMR biomarkers in HF and Gal-3 serum concentration. We discuss facts and concerns about Gal-3's utility in acute and chronic HF with preserved and reduced ejection fraction for diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification. Finally, we present attempts to use Gal-3 as a therapeutic target in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Zaborska
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Małgorzata Sikora-Frąc
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Krzysztof Smarż
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Ewa Pilichowska-Paszkiet
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrzej Budaj
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Dariusz Sitkiewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Grażyna Sygitowicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (G.S.)
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Luo H, Zhao L, Ou Z, Li T, Liu Y, Yu Z. Novel lncRNA LNC_000113 Drives the Activation of Pulmonary Adventitial Fibroblasts through Modulating PTEN/Akt/FoxO1 Pathway. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:262. [PMID: 37367427 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10060262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts (PAFs) is one of the key components of pulmonary arterial remodelling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Emerging evidence indicates that lncRNAs may play fibrotic roles in a range of diseases. In this present study, we identified a novel lncRNA, LNC_000113, in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts (PAFs) and characterised its role in the Galectin-3-induced activation of PAFs in rats. Galectin-3 led to elevated expression of lncRNA LNC_000113 in PAFs. The expression of this lncRNA was primarily PAF enriched. A progressive increase in lncRNA LNC_000113 expression was observed in rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats. Knockdown of lncRNA LNC_000113 cancelled the Galectin-3's fibroproliferative effect on PAFs and prevented the transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. The loss-of-function study demonstrated that lncRNA LNC_000113 activated PAFs through the PTEN/Akt/FoxO1 pathway. These results propose lncRNA LNC_000113 drives the activation of PAFs and promotes fibroblast phenotypic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Changsha (Xiangya Medical College Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Central South University), Changsha 410005, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ziwei Ou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Tangzhiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yanghong Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zaixin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Krzyżewska A, Baranowska-Kuczko M, Kasacka I, Kozłowska H. Cannabidiol alleviates right ventricular fibrosis by inhibiting the transforming growth factor β pathway in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166753. [PMID: 37187449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating compound of Cannabis with anti-fibrotic properties. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease that can lead to right ventricular (RV) failure and premature death. There is evidence that CBD reduces monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH, including reducing right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), vasorelaxant effect on pulmonary arteries, and decreasing expression of profibrotic markers in the lungs. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of chronic administration of CBD (10 mg/kg daily for 21 days) on profibrotic parameters in the RVs of MCT-induced PH rats. In MCT-induced PH, we found an increase in profibrotic parameters and parameters related to RV dysfunction, i.e. plasma pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiomyocyte width, interstitial and perivascular fibrosis area, amount of fibroblasts and fibronectin, as well as overexpression of the transforming growth of factor β1 (TGF-β1), galectin-3 (Gal-3), suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic 2 (SMAD2), phosphorylated SMAD2 (pSMAD2) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In contrast, vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) levels were decreased in the RVs of MCT-induced PH rats. Administration of CBD reduced the amount of plasma NT-proBNP, the width of cardiomyocytes, the amount of fibrosis area, fibronectin and fibroblast expression, as well as decreased the expression of TGF-β1, Gal-3, SMAD2, pSMAD2, and increased the level of VE-cadherin. Overall, CBD has been found to have the anti-fibrotic potential in MCT-induced PH. As such, CBD may act as an adjuvant therapy for PH, however, further detailed investigations are recommended to confirm our promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krzyżewska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Marta Baranowska-Kuczko
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Hanna Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Bekedam FT, Goumans MJ, Bogaard HJ, de Man FS, Llucià-Valldeperas A. Molecular mechanisms and targets of right ventricular fibrosis in pulmonary hypertension. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108389. [PMID: 36940790 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Right ventricular fibrosis is a stress response, predominantly mediated by cardiac fibroblasts. This cell population is sensitive to increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro-fibrotic growth factors and mechanical stimulation. Activation of fibroblasts results in the induction of various molecular signaling pathways, most notably the mitogen-activated protein kinase cassettes, leading to increased synthesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. While fibrosis confers structural protection in response to damage induced by ischemia or (pressure and volume) overload, it simultaneously contributes to increased myocardial stiffness and right ventricular dysfunction. Here, we review state-of-the-art knowledge of the development of right ventricular fibrosis in response to pressure overload and provide an overview of all published preclinical and clinical studies in which right ventricular fibrosis was targeted to improve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Bekedam
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PHEniX laboratory, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension and Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M J Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden UMC, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - H J Bogaard
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PHEniX laboratory, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension and Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F S de Man
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PHEniX laboratory, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension and Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - A Llucià-Valldeperas
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PHEniX laboratory, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension and Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Kruk L, Braun A, Cosset E, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Galectin functions in cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1052959. [PMID: 36873388 PMCID: PMC9981828 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1052959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that regulate many cellular functions including proliferation, adhesion, migration, and phagocytosis. Increasing experimental and clinical evidence indicates that galectins influence many steps of cancer development by inducing the recruitment of immune cells to the inflammatory sites and modulating the effector function of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Recent studies described that different isoforms of galectins can induce platelet adhesion, aggregation, and granule release through the interaction with platelet-specific glycoproteins and integrins. Patients with cancer and/or deep-venous thrombosis have increased levels of galectins in the vasculature, suggesting that these proteins could be important contributors to cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. In this review, we summarize the pathological role of galectins in inflammatory and thrombotic events, influencing tumor progression and metastasis. We also discuss the potential of anti-cancer therapies targeting galectins in the pathological context of cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Kruk
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Erika Cosset
- CRCL, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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Čoma M, Manning JC, Kaltner H, Gál P. The sweet side of wound healing: galectins as promising therapeutic targets in hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation/remodeling. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:41-53. [PMID: 36716023 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2175318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the molecular and cellular processes involved in skin wound healing may pave the way for the development of innovative approaches to transforming the identified natural effectors into therapeutic tools. Based on the extensive involvement of the ga(lactoside-binding)lectin family in (patho)physiological processes, it has been well established that galectins are involved in a wide range of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. AREAS COVERED In the present paper, we provide an overview of the biological role of galectins in repair and regeneration, focusing on four main phases (hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation/remodeling) of skin repair using basic wound models (open excision vs. sutured incision). EXPERT OPINION The reported data make a strong case for directing further efforts to treat excisional and incisional wounds differently. Functions of galectins essentially result from their modular presentation. In fact, Gal-1 seems to play a role in the early phases of healing (anti-inflammatory) and wound contraction, Gal-3 accelerates re-epithelization and increases tensile strength (scar inductor). Galectins have also become subject of redesigning by engineering to optimize the activity. Clinically relevant, these new tools derived from the carbohydrate recognition domain platform may also prove helpful for other purposes, such as potent antibacterial agglutinins and opsonins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Čoma
- Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Inc, Košice, Slovak Republic.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Gál
- Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Inc, Košice, Slovak Republic.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic.,Prague Burn Center, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Lan Y, Cheng M, Ji H, Bi Y, Han Y, Yang C, Gu X, Gao J, Dong H. Melatonin ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via activating NRF2 and inhibiting galectin-3 expression. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022. [PMID: 36333557 PMCID: PMC9638373 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease with no effective therapies. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a marker of oxidative stress, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PF. Fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation (FMD) is an important source of fibrotic cells in PF. Previous studies showed that melatonin (MT) exerted anti-fibrotic effect in many diseases including PF through its antioxidant activity. In the present study we investigated the relationships among Gal-3, NRF2, ROS in FMD and their regulation by MT. We established an in vitro model of FMD in TGF-β1-treated human fetal lung fibroblast1 (HFL1) cells and a PF mouse model via bleomycin (BLM) intratracheal instillation. We found that Gal-3 expression was significantly increased both in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of Gal-3 in HFL1 cells markedly attenuated TGF-β1-induced FMD process and ROS accumulation. In TGF-β1-treated HFL1 cells, pretreatment with NRF2-specific inhibitor ML385 (5 μM) significantly increased the levels of Gal-3, α-SMA and ROS, suggesting that the expression of Gal-3 was regulated by NRF2. Treatment with NRF2-activator MT (250 μM) blocked α-SMA and ROS accumulation accompanied by reduced Gal-3 expression. In BLM-induced PF model, administration of MT (5 mg·kg−1·d−1, ip for 14 or 28 days) significantly attenuated the progression of lung fibrosis through up-regulating NRF2 and down-regulating Gal-3 expression in lung tissues. These results suggest that Gal-3 regulates TGF-β1-induced pro-fibrogenic responses and ROS production in FMD, and MT activates NRF2 to block FMD process by down-regulating Gal-3 expression. This study provides a useful clue for a clinical strategy to prevent PF. Graphic abstract of the mechanisms. MT attenuated BLM-induced PF via activating NRF2 and inhibiting Gal-3 expression. ![]()
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Jano E, Vaz MJ, Mally PN, Wachtel EV. Pilot Study Investigating Brain Natriuretic Peptide, Troponin, Galectin-3, and miRNA-126a-5p as Biomarkers of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension in Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury Receiving Therapeutic Hypothermia. Am J Perinatol 2022. [PMID: 35436801 DOI: 10.1055/a-1827-7518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the utility of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), troponin, galectin-3 (Gal-3), and microRNA (miRNA)-126a-5p as screening biomarkers for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) by comparing expression in serum of infants with hypoxic-ischemic injury that develop PPHN to those that do not. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective, observational pilot study including neonates with hypoxic-ischemic injury undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (TH) at two regional perinatal medical centers. PPHN in this population was diagnosed clinically and confirmed by echocardiogram. Serial measurements of biomarkers were performed from 6 to 96 hours post-TH initiation in 40 patients. RESULTS Of 40 infants in the study, 10 (25%) developed PPHN and 30 (75%) did not. Baseline demographics and hemodynamics were similar between the groups. Patients with PPHN had a significantly higher need for vasopressors compared with patients without PPHN (70 vs. 27%, p = 0.007). Mean serum BNP and troponin levels were significantly higher in the PPHN group peaking at 12 to 24 hours and decreasing following PPHN treatment initiation. miRNA-126a-5p expression was increased in patients with PPHN compared with patients without, with statistical significance detected at 12 hours (p = 0.005) and 96 hours (p = 0.01). Mean circulating Gal-3 levels were not statistically different between the two groups; however, Gal-3 was elevated in all patients with hypoxic-ischemic injury on TH compared with healthy infants from prior studies. CONCLUSION BNP and troponin are readily available, low-cost biomarkers that showed significant serial elevations in the PPHN group of the study and, thus, may have value in screening for PPHN in the setting of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Gal-3 was elevated in all patients with HIE and may be a useful biomarker of hypoxic injury in infants being evaluated for TH. Elevations in miRNA-126a-5p were not consistently seen in this study. Larger studies are required to establish an association between PPHN and these biomarkers in patients with and without HIE. KEY POINTS · Serum biomarkers of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. · Serum biomarkers of hypoxic-ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eni Jano
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michelle J Vaz
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, New York, New York
| | - Pradeep N Mally
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, New York, New York
| | - Elena V Wachtel
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, New York, New York
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Yu D, Bu M, Yu P, Li Y, Chong Y. Regulation of wound healing and fibrosis by galectins. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:861-874. [PMID: 35589840 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of proteins with at least one carbohydrate-recognition domain. Galectins are present in various tissues and organs and participate in different physiological and pathological molecular reactions in vivo. Wound healing is the basic process of traumatic disease recovery. Wound healing involves three overlapping stages: inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. Furthermore, a comparison of wound healing with the tumour microenvironment revealed that galectin plays a key role in the wound healing process. The current review describes the role of galectin in inflammation, angiogenesis, re-epithelialisation, and fibrous scar formation and evaluates its potential as a therapeutic drug for wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Bu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Chong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.
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Martin-Saldaña S, Chevalier MT, Pandit A. Therapeutic potential of targeting galectins – A biomaterials-focused perspective. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Vang S, Cochran P, Sebastian Domingo J, Krick S, Barnes JW. The Glycobiology of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040316. [PMID: 35448503 PMCID: PMC9026683 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive pulmonary vascular disease of complex etiology. Cases of PAH that do not receive therapy after diagnosis have a low survival rate. Multiple reports have shown that idiopathic PAH, or IPAH, is associated with metabolic dysregulation including altered bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and dysregulated glucose metabolism. Multiple processes such as increased proliferation of pulmonary vascular cells, angiogenesis, apoptotic resistance, and vasoconstriction may be regulated by the metabolic changes demonstrated in PAH. Recent reports have underscored similarities between metabolic abnormalities in cancer and IPAH. In particular, increased glucose uptake and altered glucose utilization have been documented and have been linked to the aforementioned processes. We were the first to report a link between altered glucose metabolism and changes in glycosylation. Subsequent reports have highlighted similar findings, including a potential role for altered metabolism and aberrant glycosylation in IPAH pathogenesis. This review will detail research findings that demonstrate metabolic dysregulation in PAH with an emphasis on glycobiology. Furthermore, this report will illustrate the similarities in the pathobiology of PAH and cancer and highlight the novel findings that researchers have explored in the field.
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Luo J, Wang S, Liu X, Zheng Q, Wang Z, Huang Y, Shi J. Galectin-3 promotes calcification of human aortic valve interstitial cells via the NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2022; 12:196-207. [PMID: 35433352 PMCID: PMC9011093 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-21-506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is an active pathobiological process that takes place at the cellular and molecular levels. It involves fibrosis and calcification of aortic valve leaflets, which eventually contributes to heart failure. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, is involved in myocardial fibrosis and remodeling. Our study aimed to explore how Gal-3 promoted the osteogenic differentiation of human aortic valve interstitial cells (hVICs) along with elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS To determine the Gal-3 expression in this study, we included the blood samples and aortic valves (AVs) from patients with CAVD (n=20) and normal controls (n=20). The hVICs were stimulated by Osteogenic medium (OM) and were treated with or without recombinant human Gal-3. Calcified transformation of hVICs was assessed by Alizarin Red S staining and osteogenic gene/protein expression. RNA-sequencing was performed for all different treatments to investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) along with exploring the enriched pathways for potential molecular targets of Gal-3. The targets were further detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Gal-3 levels were found to be significantly increased in CAVD patients. Treatment of valve interstitial cells (VICs) with Gal-3 led to a marked increase in Runx2 and ALP-mRNA/protein expression levels as well as calcification. Gene expression profiles of hVICs cultured with or without Gal-3 revealed 79 upregulated genes and 82 down-regulated genes, which were highly enriched in TNF and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, Gal-3 could activate the phosphorylation of IκBα and interfere with the translocation of p65 into the cell nucleus of hVICs. However, inhibition of this pathway can suppress the osteogenic differentiation by Gal-3. CONCLUSIONS Gal-3 acts as a positive regulator of osteogenic differentiation by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway in hVICs. Our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the critical role of Gal-3 in the CAVD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuming Huang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Morani EDSC, Penha HA, Baldi Rey FS, Roncoletta M. Effect of a Single Intrauterine Dose of Human Recombinant Galectin-1 Buffered on Pregnancy Rate in Inseminated Cows. Biomolecules 2022; 12. [PMID: 35327611 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of exogenous galectin-1 in improving the pregnancy rate in inseminated cows, comparing the pregnancy rate of the two groups (treatment and control Groups) into 107 contemporary groups (YG) established. An ultrasound exam determined the pregnancy rate performed 25 to 35 days after the fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) of breeding beef cows (n = 3469). The pregnancy rate of cows that received a single dose of eGAL-1 (200 ± 10 µg), with an intrauterine administration (n = 1901), was compared with the pregnancy rate of cows inseminated using a conventional AI protocol (n = 1568), both comparing into the same YG. YGs were created considering the grouping of cows belonging to the same farm, with the same nutritional score and management, inseminated by the same inseminator and semen batch, and using the same estrus synchronization protocol). The statistical method used calculated the probability of obtaining pregnancy within each group. The administration of a single dose of eGAL-1 can increase the probability of obtaining pregnancy in beef cows by up to 8.68% (p < 0.0001), suggesting that a single dose of eGAL-1 during the FTAI procedure was reasonable in the beef cattle AI routine and can improve the pregnancy rate considerably.
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Heine V, Dey C, Bojarová P, Křen V, Elling L. Methods of in vitro study of galectin-glycomaterial interaction. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 58:107928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) are carbohydrate-binding proteins involved in normal processes, autoimmunity, and cancer. Increased serum Gal-3 levels in scleroderma were associated with active disease, vasculopathy, and mortality. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate Gal-1 and Gal-3 expression in the lesional skin of patients with scleroderma regarding disease severity and organ involvement. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients diagnosed as systemic sclerosis (SSc), after informed consent. Clinical and serological profiles were reviewed from medical records. Lesional skin biopsies were taken by losange incision from patients. Samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and compared with normal skin of a healthy patient. Parametric statistical analysis was done with Student t test and Pearson coefficient. Significance was established as p ≤ 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Biopsies of 10 patients and a healthy control (9 female, 1 male) were analyzed. The mean age was 54.5 years (18-74 years). Four of 10 patients had diffuse, 4 had limited scleroderma, 1 had overlap syndrome, and 1 had sclerodermiform graft-versus-host disease. The mean fibroblasts count per field was 13.2 in scleroderma versus 7.2 in normal skin. The mean expression of Gal-1 in scleroderma fibroblasts was 13% (0%-56%) and 47.5% for Gal-3 (6.5%-95.5%); in normal skin, the mean expression was 91% (90%-95%) for Gal-1 and 97% (89%-100%) for Gal-3. A higher Gal-3 expression in scleroderma (within its lower expression compared with normal skin) was associated with pulmonary artery hypertension (p = 0.004) and to a higher modified Rodnan's skin score (p = 0.0003). In a similar manner, anti-centromere antibodies were associated with a higher Gal-1 expression in SSc skin fibroblasts (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Gal-1 and Gal-3 had a lower expression in scleroderma lesional skin compared with a normal control. We found a significant correlation between a higher Gal-3 expression (within the lower ones compared with normal skin) in fibroblasts from SSc patients and severe disease (pulmonary hypertension and a higher modified Rodnan's skin score) compared with patients with lower expression of this protein. Similarly, the presence of anti-centromere antibodies was associated with a higher expression of Gal-1 within this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Fernanda Mora
- From the Immunology Unit, Hospital Militar Central Cirujano Mayor Dr Cosme Argerich, Buenos Aires
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18
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Ansari U, Behnes M, Hoffmann J, Weidner K, Kuche P, Rusnak J, Kim SH, Natale M, Reckord N, Lang S, Hoffmann U, Bertsch T, Fatar M, Borggrefe M, Akin I. Galectin-3 reflects the echocardiographic quantification of right ventricular failure. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2021; 55:362-370. [PMID: 34738853 DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2021.1995036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Galectin-3 (gal-3) is a mediator of extracellular matrix metabolism and reflects an ongoing cardiac fibrotic process. The aim of this study was to determine the potential use of gal-3 in evaluating the structural and functional parameters of the right ventricle as determined by echocardiography. Design. Ninety-one patients undergoing routine echocardiography were prospectively enrolled in this monocentric study. Serum samples for gal-3 and aminoterminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were collected within 24 h of echocardiographic examination. Patients were arbitrarily divided into subgroups based on right ventricular function as measured by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and these included TAPSE >24 mm (n = 23); TAPSE 18-24 mm (n = 55); TAPSE ≤17 mm (n = 13); permitting the detailed statistical analysis of derived data. Results. Serum levels of gal-3 in all patients correlated with age (r = 0.36. p < .001), creatinine (r = 0.60, p < .001), NT-proBNP (r = 0.53, p < .001), RA area (r = 0.38, p < .001) and TAPSE (r = -0.3. p < .01). The distribution of echocardiographic indices according to TAPSE subgroups revealed an association between gal-3 and its ability to identify patients with right ventricular failure (RVF) as diagnosed by a TAPSE ≤17 mm (r = 0.04, p < .001). The multivariable logistic regression model with adjusted odds ratio showed the ability of gal-3 to identify RVF when adjusted to age and gender (adjusted odds ratio 3.60, 95% CI 1.055-12.282, p < .05). Conclusion. Gal-3 correlated with echocardiographic indices of RVF and could effectively diagnose these patients. The supplementary use of NT-proBNP strengthened the diagnostic capability of each biomarker. Trial Registration: The 'Cardiovascular Imaging and Biomarker Analyses' (CIBER Study), clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03074253. Registered 3/8/2017. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03074253.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzair Ansari
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Behnes
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Hoffmann
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kathrin Weidner
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philip Kuche
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jonas Rusnak
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michele Natale
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nadine Reckord
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Siegfried Lang
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ursula Hoffmann
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Marc Fatar
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Borggrefe
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Zaborska B, Pilichowska-Paszkiet E, Makowska E, Sygitowicz G, Słomski T, Zaborski M, Budaj A. Prognostic value of galectin-3 and right ventricular function for long-term mortality in heart failure patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21390. [PMID: 34725435 PMCID: PMC8560838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, associations between the biomarker galectin-3 and numerous pathological processes involved in heart failure (HF) and right ventricular (RV) function have been observed. We aimed to assess the long-term prognostic ability of galectin-3 and RV function parameters for all-cause mortality in HF patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We prospectively studied 63 symptomatic HF patients with a left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 35%. The median serum galectin-3 concentration was 13.4 ng/mL (IQR 11.05, 17.15). A detailed assessment of LV and RV geometry and function was performed with echocardiography. CRT defibrillator implantation was achieved in all patients without major complications. The follow-up lasted 5 years. In the multivariable Cox regression model, independent predictors for all-cause mortality were log baseline galectin-3 and baseline RV function expressed as tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion with HR 2.96 (p = 0.037) and HR 0.88 (p = 0.023), respectively. Analysis of subgroups defined by galectin-3 concentration and CRT response showed that patients with high baseline galectin-3 concentrations and a lack of response to CRT had a significantly lower probability of survival. In our patient cohort, the baseline galectin-3 concentration and RV function were independent predictors of long-term all-cause mortality in HFrEF patients following CRT implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Zaborska
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, Grenadierów 51/59, 04-073, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Pilichowska-Paszkiet
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, Grenadierów 51/59, 04-073, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Makowska
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, Grenadierów 51/59, 04-073, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Sygitowicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Słomski
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, Grenadierów 51/59, 04-073, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Budaj
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, Grenadierów 51/59, 04-073, Warsaw, Poland
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Mamazhakypov A, Sommer N, Assmus B, Tello K, Schermuly RT, Kosanovic D, Sarybaev AS, Weissmann N, Pak O. Novel Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Right Ventricular Remodeling: Insights from the Pulmonary Artery Banding Model. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:8297. [PMID: 34444046 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) function is the main determinant of the outcome of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). RV dysfunction develops gradually and worsens progressively over the course of PH, resulting in RV failure and premature death. Currently, approved therapies for the treatment of left ventricular failure are not established for the RV. Furthermore, the direct effects of specific vasoactive drugs for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH, Group 1 of PH) on RV are not fully investigated. Pulmonary artery banding (PAB) allows to study the pathogenesis of RV failure solely, thereby testing potential therapies independently of pulmonary vascular changes. This review aims to discuss recent studies of the mechanisms of RV remodeling and RV-directed therapies based on the PAB model.
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Kumric M, Ticinovic Kurir T, Borovac JA, Bozic J. Role of novel biomarkers in diabetic cardiomyopathy. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:685-705. [PMID: 34168722 PMCID: PMC8192249 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i6.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is commonly defined as cardiomyopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension. As DCM is now recognized as a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus and clinical diagnosis is still inappropriate, various expert groups struggled to identify a suitable biomarker that will help in the recognition and management of DCM, with little success so far. Hence, we thought it important to address the role of biomarkers that have shown potential in either human or animal studies and which could eventually result in mitigating the poor outcomes of DCM. Among the array of biomarkers we thoroughly analyzed, long noncoding ribonucleic acids, soluble form of suppression of tumorigenicity 2 and galectin-3 seem to be most beneficial for DCM detection, as their plasma/serum levels accurately correlate with the early stages of DCM. The combination of relatively inexpensive and accurate speckle tracking echocardiography with some of the highlighted biomarkers may be a promising screening method for newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. The purpose of the screening test would be to direct affected patients to more specific confirmation tests. This perspective is in concordance with current guidelines that accentuate the importance of an interdisciplinary team-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Kumric
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Tina Ticinovic Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Josip A Borovac
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
- Emergency Medicine, Institute of Emergency Medicine of Split-Dalmatia County, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
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Zhang Q, Li W, Zhu Y, Wang Q, Zhai C, Shi W, Feng W, Wang J, Yan X, Chai L, Chen Y, Li C, Liu P, Li M. Activation of AMPK inhibits Galectin-3-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation by upregulating hippo signaling effector YAP. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3037-49. [PMID: 33797701 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3(Gal-3) is an effective regulator in the pathological process of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the detailed mechanisms underlying Gal-3 contribution to PAH are not yet entirely clear. The aim of the present study was to explore these issues. Proliferation of rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) was determined using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was applied to silence the expression of yes-associated protein (YAP) and Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1). The protein expression and phosphorylation were measured by immunoblotting. The subcellular location of YAP was determined using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Gal-3-stimulated PASMCs proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, this was accompanied with, YAP upregulation, dephosphorylation, and nucleus translocation. Gal-3 further increased FOXM1 and cyclinD1 expression via YAP activation. Interfering YAP/FOXM1 axis suppressed Gal-3-induced PASMCs proliferation. Activation of AMPK also inhibited Gal-3-triggered cells proliferation by targeting YAP/FOXM1/cyclinD1 pathway. Gal-3 induced PASMCs proliferation by regulating YAP/FOXM1/cyclinD1 signaling cascade, and activation of AMPK targeted on this axis and suppressed Gal-3-stimulated PASMCs proliferation. Our study provides novel therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of PAH.
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Barman SA, Bordan Z, Batori R, Haigh S, Fulton DJR. Galectin-3 Promotes ROS, Inflammation, and Vascular Fibrosis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021; 1303:13-32. [PMID: 33788185 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a progressive vascular disease arising from the narrowing of pulmonary arteries (PA) resulting in high pulmonary arterial blood pressure and ultimately right ventricular (RV) failure. A defining characteristic of PAH is the excessive remodeling of PA that includes increased proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis. There is no cure for PAH nor interventions that effectively impede or reverse PA remodeling, and research over the past several decades has sought to identify novel molecular mechanisms of therapeutic benefit. Galectin-3 (Gal-3; Mac-2) is a carbohydrate-binding lectin that is remarkable for its chimeric structure, comprised of an N-terminal oligomerization domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain. Gal-3 is a regulator of changes in cell behavior that contribute to aberrant PA remodeling including cell proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis, but its role in PAH is poorly understood. Herein, we summarize the recent literature on the role of Gal-3 in the development of PAH and provide experimental evidence supporting the ability of Gal-3 to influence reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, NOX enzyme expression, inflammation, and fibrosis, which contributes to PA remodeling. Finally, we address the clinical significance of Gal-3 as a target in the development of therapeutic agents as a treatment for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Barman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
| | - Zsuzsanna Bordan
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Robert Batori
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Stephen Haigh
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David J R Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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Zaborska B, Sygitowicz G, Smarż K, Pilichowska-Paszkiet E, Budaj A. Galectin-3 is related to right ventricular dysfunction in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction and may affect exercise capacity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16682. [PMID: 33028850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a biomarker of fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, and its role in heart remodelling and exercise intolerance has not been conclusively proven in heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction (rEF). We prospectively assessed 67 consecutive patients with symptomatic HF and left ventricular (LV) EF ≤ 35% during optimal medical therapy, with a mean serum galectin-3 concentration of 15.3 ± 6.4 and a median of 13.5 ng/mL. The group with galectin-3 concentrations greater than or equal to the median had significantly worse right ventricular (RV) systolic function parameters (s′, TAPSE), higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure, more advanced tricuspid regurgitation and lower RV-to-pulmonary circulation coupling index, while no significant differences were found in LV parameters. Moreover, this group achieved significantly lower parameters in cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Significant negative correlations were found between galectin-3 concentration and RV parameters and exercise capacity parameters and have persisted after adjustment for glomerular filtration rate, but not all of them have persisted after adjustment for NT-proBNP. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that TAPSE (β coefficient: − 0.605; p < 0.001) and heart rate at peak exercise (β coefficient: − 0.98; p = 0.009) were independently related to galectin-3 concentration. Elevated galectin-3 concentration in patients with HFrEF might indicate concomitant RV dysfunction and exercise intolerance.
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Sweeney M, Corden B, Cook SA. Targeting cardiac fibrosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: mirage or miracle? EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e10865. [PMID: 32955172 PMCID: PMC7539225 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is central to the pathology of heart failure, particularly heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Irrespective of the underlying profibrotic condition (e.g. ageing, diabetes, hypertension), maladaptive cardiac fibrosis is defined by the transformation of resident fibroblasts to matrix-secreting myofibroblasts. Numerous profibrotic factors have been identified at the molecular level (e.g. TGFβ, IL11, AngII), which activate gene expression programs for myofibroblast activation. A number of existing HF therapies indirectly target fibrotic pathways; however, despite multiple clinical trials in HFpEF, a specific clinically effective antifibrotic therapy remains elusive. Therapeutic inhibition of TGFβ, the master-regulator of fibrosis, has unfortunately proven toxic and ineffective in clinical trials to date, and new approaches are needed. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology and clinical implications of interstitial fibrosis in HFpEF. We provide an overview of trials targeting fibrosis in HFpEF to date and discuss the promise of potential new therapeutic approaches and targets in the context of underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sweeney
- MRC‐London Institute of Medical SciencesHammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUK
- Wellcome Trust 4i/NIHR Clinical Research FellowImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Ben Corden
- MRC‐London Institute of Medical SciencesHammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUK
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stuart A Cook
- MRC‐London Institute of Medical SciencesHammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUK
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Gopal DM, Ayalon N, Wang YC, Siwik D, Sverdlov A, Donohue C, Perez A, Downing J, Apovian C, Silva V, Panagia M, Kolachalama V, Ho JE, Liang CS, Gokce N, Colucci WS. Galectin-3 Is Associated With Stage B Metabolic Heart Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension in Young Obese Patients. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e011100. [PMID: 30929550 PMCID: PMC6509711 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a precursor to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Biomarkers that identify preclinical metabolic heart disease (MHD) in young obese patients would help identify high‐risk individuals for heart failure prevention strategies. We assessed the predictive value of GAL3 (galectin–3), FSTL3 (follistatin‐like 3 peptide), and NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) to identify stage B MHD in young obese participants free of clinically evident cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results Asymptomatic obese patients (n=250) and non‐obese controls (n=21) underwent echocardiographic cardiac phenotyping. Obese patients were classified as MHD positive (MHD‐POS; n=94) if they had abnormal diastolic function or left ventricular hypertrophy and had estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure ≥35 mm Hg. Obese patients without such abnormalities were classified as MHD negative (MHD‐NEG; n=52). Serum biomarkers timed with echocardiography. MHD‐POS and MHD‐NEG individuals were similarly obese, but MHD‐POS patients were older, with more diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Right ventricular coupling was worse in MHD‐POS patients (P<0.001). GAL3 levels were higher in MHD‐POS versus MHD‐NEG patients (7.7±2.3 versus 6.3±1.9 ng/mL, respectively; P<0.001). Both GAL3 and FSTL3 levels correlated with diastolic dysfunction and increased pulmonary artery systolic pressure but not with left ventricular mass. In multivariate models including all 3 biomarkers, only GAL3 remained associated with MHD (odds ratio: 1.30; 95% CI, 1.01–1.68; P=0.04). Conclusions In young obese individuals without known cardiovascular disease, GAL3 is associated with the presence of preclinical MHD. GAL3 may be useful in screening for preclinical MHD and identifying individuals with increased risk of progression to obesity‐related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa M Gopal
- 1 Cardiovascular Medicine Section Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
| | - Nir Ayalon
- 1 Cardiovascular Medicine Section Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
| | - Yi-Chih Wang
- 4 Cardiovascular Division Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Deborah Siwik
- 1 Cardiovascular Medicine Section Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
| | - Aaron Sverdlov
- 5 School of Medicine and Public Health University of Newcastle New South Wales Australia
| | | | - Alejandro Perez
- 1 Cardiovascular Medicine Section Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
| | - Jill Downing
- 1 Cardiovascular Medicine Section Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
| | - Caroline Apovian
- 2 Endocrinology Section Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
| | - Vanessa Silva
- 1 Cardiovascular Medicine Section Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
| | - Marcello Panagia
- 1 Cardiovascular Medicine Section Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
| | - Vijaya Kolachalama
- 3 Computational Biomedicine Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
| | - Jennifer E Ho
- 6 Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
| | - Chang-Seng Liang
- 1 Cardiovascular Medicine Section Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
| | - Noyan Gokce
- 1 Cardiovascular Medicine Section Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
| | - Wilson S Colucci
- 1 Cardiovascular Medicine Section Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
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Li T, Li S, Feng Y, Zeng X, Dong S, Li J, Zha L, Luo H, Zhao L, Liu B, Ou Z, Lin W, Zhang M, Li S, Jiang Q, Qi Q, Xu Q, Yu Z. Combination of Dichloroacetate and Atorvastatin Regulates Excessive Proliferation and Oxidative Stress in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Development via p38 Signaling. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020; 2020:6973636. [PMID: 32617141 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6973636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal disease generally characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling. Mitochondrial metabolic disorders have been implicated as a critical regulator of excessively proliferative- and apoptosis-resistant phenotypes in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Dichloroacetate (DCA) is an emerging drug that targets aerobic glycolysis in tumor cells. Atorvastatin (ATO) is widely used for hyperlipemia in various cardiovascular diseases. Considering that DCA and ATO regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, respectively, we hypothesized that the combination of DCA and ATO could be a potential treatment for PAH. A notable decrease in the right ventricular systolic pressure accompanied by reduced right heart hypertrophy was observed in the DCA/ATO combination treatment group compared with the monocrotaline treatment group. The DCA/ATO combination treatment alleviated vascular remodeling, thereby suppressing excessive PASMC proliferation and macrophage infiltration. In vitro, both DCA and ATO alone reduced PASMC viability by upregulating oxidative stress and lowering mitochondrial membrane potential. Surprisingly, when combined, DCA/ATO was able to decrease the levels of reactive oxygen species and cell apoptosis without compromising PASMC proliferation. Furthermore, suppression of the p38 pathway through the specific inhibitor SB203580 attenuated cell death and oxidative stress at a level consistent with that of DCA/ATO combination treatment. These observations suggested a complementary effect of DCA and ATO on rescuing PASMCs from a PAH phenotype through p38 activation via the regulation of mitochondrial-related cell death and oxidative stress. DCA in combination with ATO may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for PAH treatment.
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Tian Y, Lv W, Lu C, Jiang Y, Yang X, Song M. Galectin-3 inhibition attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction by upregulating the expression of peroxiredoxin-4. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:700-707. [PMID: 32516552 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly efficient chemotherapeutic drug limited by its cardiotoxicity. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) overexpression is associated with several cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the in vivo models of DOX-treated rats and the in vitro model of DOX-treated H9C2 cells were used. DOX induced cardiac injury and dysfunction accompanied with the upregulation of Gal-3 at the end of the experiment, while inhibition of Gal-3 with modified citrus pectin (MCP) exhibited a dramatic improvement in cardiac function of the DOX-treated rats, as manifested by increased left ventricular systolic pressure and ±dp/dtmax and decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. The plasma levels of myocardial injury markers such as lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, and cardiac troponin I were decreased after MCP treatment. In parallel, MCP attenuated myocardial tissue markers of oxidative stress such as hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde restored the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and upregulated antioxidant peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx-4). To further verify the role of Prx-4, it was downregulated by siRNA-mediated knockdown in H9C2 cells. MCP could not reverse DOX-induced oxidative stress in Prx-4-knock-down cells. In conclusion, Gal-3 mediated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and Gal-3 inhibition attenuated DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction by upregulating the expression of Prx-4 to reduce myocardial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Tian
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyao Jiang
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116003, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Song
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
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Xu GR, Zhang C, Yang HX, Sun JH, Zhang Y, Yao TT, Li Y, Ruan L, An R, Li AY. Modified citrus pectin ameliorates myocardial fibrosis and inflammation via suppressing galectin-3 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110071. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Cassaglia P, Penas F, Betazza C, Fontana Estevez F, Miksztowicz V, Martínez Naya N, Llamosas MC, Noli Truant S, Wilensky L, Volberg V, Cevey ÁC, Touceda V, Cicale E, Berg G, Fernández M, Goren N, Morales C, González GE. Genetic Deletion of Galectin-3 Alters the Temporal Evolution of Macrophage Infiltration and Healing Affecting the Cardiac Remodeling and Function after Myocardial Infarction in Mice. Am J Pathol 2020; 190:1789-1800. [PMID: 32473918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We studied the role of galectin-3 (Gal-3) in the expression of alternative activation markers (M2) on macrophage, cytokines, and fibrosis through the temporal evolution of healing, ventricular remodeling, and function after myocardial infarction (MI). C57BL/6J and Gal-3 knockout mice (Lgals3-/-) were subjected to permanent coronary ligation or sham. We studied i) mortality, ii) macrophage infiltration and expression of markers of alternative activation, iii) cytokine, iv) matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity, v) fibrosis, and vi) cardiac function and remodeling. At 1 week post-MI, lack of Gal-3 markedly attenuated F4/80+ macrophage infiltration and significantly increased the expression of Mrc1 and Chil1, markers of M2 macrophages at the MI zone. Levels of IL-10, IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 were significantly increased, whereas tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, and fibrosis were remarkably attenuated at the infarct zone. In Gal-3 knockout mice, scar thinning ratio, expansion, and cardiac remodeling and function were severely affected from the onset of MI. At 4 weeks post-MI, the natural evolution of fibrosis in Gal-3 knockout mice was also affected. Our results suggest that Gal-3 is essential for wound healing because it regulates the dynamics of macrophage infiltration, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, and fibrosis along the temporal evolution of MI in mice. The deficit of Gal-3 affected the dynamics of wound healing, thus aggravating the evolution of remodeling and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cassaglia
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Penas
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celeste Betazza
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensi Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Fontana Estevez
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensi Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Miksztowicz
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensi Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-INFIBIOC, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia Martínez Naya
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Clara Llamosas
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Noli Truant
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica-CONICET, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Wilensky
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Volberg
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ágata C Cevey
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanessa Touceda
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-INFIBIOC, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Cicale
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Berg
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-INFIBIOC, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Fernández
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica-CONICET, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora Goren
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán E González
- Facultad de Medicina-CONICET, Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensi Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Sun J, Zhang L, Fang J, Yang S, Chen L. Galectin-3 mediates high-glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury by the NADPH oxidase/reactive oxygen species pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:826-833. [PMID: 32311288 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a member of the β-galactoside-binding lectin family taking part in the regulation of inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. This study was designed to study the improved effect of galectin-3 inhibition on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into the control, DCM, and DCM + modified citrus pectin (MCP) (a galectin-3 pharmacological inhibitor) groups. After 8 weeks, streptozotocin-induced DCM led to high blood glucose level, oxidative stress, cardiac injury, and dysfunction accompanied by suppressed body mass. On the contrary, MCP (100 mg·kg-1·day-1) administration improved body mass and blood glucose level and attenuated cardiac injury and dysfunction in DCM rats. Additionally, MCP attenuated pathological changes in plasma and myocardial tissue markers of oxidative stress, such as hydrogen peroxide and malonyldialdehyde, although it did not change superoxide dismutase activities, which were decreased in the DCM group. The levels of oxidative stress associated proteins evaluated by Western blot, such as p67phox and NADPH oxidase 4, were obviously increased in the DCM group, while they were reversed by MCP treatment. Therefore, galectin-3-mediated high-glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury and galectin-3 inhibition attenuated DCM by suppressing NADPH oxidase. These findings suggested that galectin-3 could be a potential target for treatment of patients with DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Sun
- Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China, 276400
| | | | | | - Shuguo Yang
- Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China, 276400
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Boengler K, Schlüter KD, Schermuly RT, Schulz R. Cardioprotection in right heart failure. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5413-5431. [PMID: 31995639 PMCID: PMC7680005 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic and pharmacological conditioning of the left ventricle is mediated by the activation of signalling cascades, which finally converge at the mitochondria and reduce ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Whereas the molecular mechanisms of conditioning in the left ventricle are well characterized, cardioprotection of the right ventricle is principally feasible but less established. Similar to what is known for the left ventricle, a dysregulation in signalling pathways seems to play a role in I/R injury of the healthy and failing right ventricle and in the ability/inability of the right ventricle to respond to a conditioning stimulus. The maintenance of mitochondrial function seems to be crucial in both ventricles to reduce I/R injury. As far as currently known, similar molecular mechanisms mediate ischaemic and pharmacological preconditioning in the left and right ventricles. However, the two ventricles seem to respond differently towards exercise‐induced preconditioning. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Li Y, Chen X, Zeng X, Chen S, Yang X, Zhang L. Galectin-3 mediates pulmonary vascular endothelial cell dynamics via TRPC1/4 under acute hypoxia. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22463. [PMID: 32003113 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) has been implicated in various biological functions, yet little is known about its role in regulating the dynamics of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. Gal-3 was shown to be increased in hypoxic model rats by sequencing analysis. We exposed pulmonary vessel endothelial cells (PVECs) to hypoxia or Gal-3 stimulation, following which cell apoptosis and autophagy were measured with the relevant methods. The results demonstrated that hypoxia elevated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity and Gal-3 expression. Gla-3 decreased the expression of Bcl-2, Alix, Beclin-1, Atg5, and LC3A/B. The messenger RNA and protein levels of transient receptor potential channel 1/4 (TRPC1/4) and calpain were reduced after Gal-3 treatment. Gal-3 also activated protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3 β/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways in PVECs. These results suggest that a hypoxia-mediated increase in Gal-3 promotes apoptosis and inhibits autophagy by inhibiting the TRPC1/4 pathway and activating the protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3 β/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in PVECs. Furthermore, these results may provide us with a new direction to explore the pathogenesis of pulmonary artery hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province University on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Toxicology, Fujian Center for Evaluation of New Drug, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinghe Chen
- Department of Pediatrics Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xixi Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province University on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaokun Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province University on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Fujian Center for Evaluation of New Drug, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province University on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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López-Andrés N. (Letter to the Editor) Response to: protective role of peroxiredoxin-4 in heart failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:73-4. [PMID: 31934725 DOI: 10.1042/CS20191184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We thank Ahmed et al. for their letter regarding our study 'Galectin-3 down-regulates antioxidant peroxiredoxin-4 in human cardiac fibroblasts' [1]. As emphasized by Ahmed et al., Prx-4 levels decrease [2] whereas MFN-2, OPA-1 and PGC-1α levels increase [3] in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Moreover, Gal-3 expression is also increased in DCM [4]. In our study, we showed in vitro that Gal-3 decreased Prx-4 without modifying MFN-2 or PGC-1α levels in human cardiac fibroblasts. Although cardiac Prx-4 decrease could be a direct consequence of Gal-3 effects on cardiac fibroblasts, we cannot exclude the possibility that other factors increase MFN-2, OPA-1 and PGC-1α levels in both cardiac fibroblasts or cardiomyocytes in the context of DCM. Further studies are needed to clarify the association between Prx-4 decrease and the increase in other mitochondrial proteins in DCM.
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Fulton DJR, Li X, Bordan Z, Wang Y, Mahboubi K, Rudic RD, Haigh S, Chen F, Barman SA. Galectin-3: A Harbinger of Reactive Oxygen Species, Fibrosis, and Inflammation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1053-1069. [PMID: 30767565 PMCID: PMC6767862 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease arising from the narrowing of pulmonary arteries (PAs) resulting in high pulmonary arterial blood pressure and ultimately right ventricle (RV) failure. A defining characteristic of PAH is the excessive and unrelenting inward remodeling of PAs that includes increased proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis. Critical Issues: There is no cure for PAH nor interventions that effectively arrest or reverse PA remodeling, and intensive research over the past several decades has sought to identify novel molecular mechanisms of therapeutic value. Recent Advances: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding lectin remarkable for its chimeric structure, composed of an N-terminal oligomerization domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain. Gal-3 has been identified as a regulator of numerous changes in cell behavior that contributes to aberrant PA remodeling, including cell proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis, but its role in PAH has remained poorly understood until recently. In contrast, pathological roles for Gal-3 have been proposed in cancer and inflammatory and fibroproliferative disorders, such as pulmonary vascular and cardiac fibrosis. Herein, we summarize the recent literature on the role of Gal-3 in the development of PAH. We provide experimental evidence supporting the ability of Gal-3 to influence reactive oxygen species production, NADPH oxidase enzyme expression, and redox signaling, which have been shown to contribute to both vascular remodeling and increased pulmonary arterial pressure. Future Directions: While several preclinical studies suggest that Gal-3 promotes hypertensive pulmonary vascular remodeling, the clinical significance of Gal-3 in human PAH remains to be established. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J R Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Xueyi Li
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zsuzsanna Bordan
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yusi Wang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Keyvan Mahboubi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - R Daniel Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Stephen Haigh
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Feng Chen
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Scott A Barman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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Choy KW, Murugan D, Leong XF, Abas R, Alias A, Mustafa MR. Flavonoids as Natural Anti-Inflammatory Agents Targeting Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NFκB) Signaling in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Mini Review. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1295. [PMID: 31749703 PMCID: PMC6842955 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as angina, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, and heart failure are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of the major transcription factors widely associated with CVDs is nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB). NFκB activation initiates the canonical and non-conical pathways that promotes activation of transcription factors leading to inflammation, such as leukocyte adhesion molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. Flavonoids are bioactive polyphenolic compounds found abundantly in various fruits, vegetables, beverages (tea, coffee), nuts, and cereal products with cardiovascular protective properties. Flavonoids can be classified into six subgroups based on their chemical structures: flavanones, flavones, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, isoflavones, and anthocyanidins. As NFκB inhibitors, these flavonoids may modulate the expression of pro-inflammatory genes leading to the attenuation of the inflammatory responses underlying various cardiovascular pathology. This review presents an update on the anti-inflammatory actions of flavonoids via inhibition of NFκB mechanism supporting the therapeutic potential of these natural compounds in various CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ker Woon Choy
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
| | - Dharmani Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xin-Fang Leong
- Centre for Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Razif Abas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Aspalilah Alias
- Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Natural Product research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Wellness Research Cluster, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mikhael M, Makar C, Wissa A, Le T, Eghbali M, Umar S. Oxidative Stress and Its Implications in the Right Ventricular Remodeling Secondary to Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1233. [PMID: 31607955 PMCID: PMC6769067 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pulmonary vascular disease characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressures. Long standing pulmonary arterial pressure overload leads to right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, RV failure, and death. RV failure is a major determinant of survival in PH. Oxidative stress has been associated with the development of RV failure secondary to PH. Here we summarize the structural and functional changes in the RV in response to sustained pulmonary arterial pressure overload. Furthermore, we review the pre-clinical and clinical studies highlighting the association of oxidative stress with pulmonary vasculature and RV remodeling in chronic PH. Targeting oxidative stress promises to be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of RV failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mikhael
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christian Makar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amir Wissa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Trixie Le
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Soban Umar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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38
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Zha LH, Zhou J, Li TZ, Luo H, Zhang MQ, Li S, Yu ZX. NLRC3 inhibits MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats via attenuating PI3K activation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15963-15976. [PMID: 30767203 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation plays a critical role in the pulmonary vascular remodeling of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The nucleotide-oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor subfamily C3 (NLRC3) inhibits proliferation and inflammation via PI3K signaling in cancer. We previously showed NLRC3 was significantly reduced in PH patients, but the mechanism of function remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the potential role of NLRC3 in PH. We found that NLRC3 was downregulated in the pulmonary arteries of PH animal models and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) stimulated pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). NLRC3 pretreatment reduced right ventricular systolic pressure, attenuated pulmonary vascular remodeling and RVHI, and ameliorated proliferation, migration, and inflammation. Monocrotaline (MCT)- and PDGF-BB-mediated PI3K activation were suppressed by NLRC3 pretreatment. 740Y-P decreased the effect of NLRC3. Collectively, NLRC3 protected against MCT-induced rat PH and PDGF-BB-induced PASMC proliferation, migration, and inflammation through a mechanism involving PI3K inhibition. NLRC3 may have a therapeutic effect on PH and provide a promising therapeutic strategy for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Huang Zha
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- MedicalScience Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tang-Zhiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Men-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zai-Xin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Li T, Zha L, Luo H, Li S, Zhao L, He J, Li X, Qi Q, Liu Y, Yu Z. Galectin-3 Mediates Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Aging Dis 2019; 10:731-745. [PMID: 31440380 PMCID: PMC6675525 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is highly expressed in fibrotic tissue related to diverse etiologies. endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), A less well studied phenomenon serves as a critical process in pulmonary vascular remodeling associated with the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). EndoMT is hypothesized to contribute to the over-proliferation of αSMA positive cells. We aim to investigate the potential role of Gal-3 in regulating EndoMT in PAH. We observed an upregulation in both Gal-3 and αSMA expression in the monocrotaline (MCT) and Hypoxia PAH model, accompanied with intimal thickening. For more profound vascular remodeling and endothelial layer lesion in former model, we employed Gal-3 knockdown and overexpression lentivirus methodology to the MCT rats to determine the mechanisms underlying abnormal endothelial cell transition in PAH. PAH was evaluated according to right ventricular systolic pressure, right heart hypertrophy and pulmonary artery remodeling. A reduction in Gal-3 was protective against the development of PAH, while Gal-3 upregulation aggravated pulmonary vascular occlusion. In addition, Gal-3 deficiency suppressed pulmonary vascular cell proliferation and macrophage infiltration. Finally, we revealed that in endothelial cells treated with tumor necrosis factor α and hypoxia (representing an in vitro model of PAH), inhibition of Gal-3 by siRNA was able to abolish the associated upregulation of αSMA. These observations suggesting Gal-3 serves as a critical mediator in PAH by regulating EndoMT. Inhibition of Gal-3 may represent a novel therapeutic target for PAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangzhiming Li
- 1Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,5Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihuang Zha
- 1Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Luo
- 1Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Suqi Li
- 2State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- 3Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jingni He
- 1Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- 4Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiangqiang Qi
- 1Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- 1Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zaixin Yu
- 1Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Stam K, Cai Z, van der Velde N, van Duin R, Lam E, van der Velden J, Hirsch A, Duncker DJ, Merkus D. Cardiac remodelling in a swine model of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: comparison of right vs. left ventricle. J Physiol 2019; 597:4465-4480. [PMID: 31194256 PMCID: PMC6852085 DOI: 10.1113/jp277896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points Right ventricle (RV) function is the most important determinant of survival and quality of life in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The changes in right and left ventricle gene expression that contribute to ventricular remodelling are incompletely investigated. RV remodelling in our CTEPH swine model is associated with increased expression of the genes involved in inflammation (TGFβ), oxidative stress (ROCK2, NOX1 and NOX4), and apoptosis (BCL2 and caspase‐3). Alterations in ROCK2 expression correlated inversely with RV contractile reserve during exercise. Since ROCK2 has been shown to be involved in hypertrophy, oxidative stress, fibrosis and endothelial dysfunction, ROCK2 inhibition may present a viable therapeutic target in CTEPH.
Abstract Right ventricle (RV) function is the most important determinant of survival and quality of life in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The present study investigated whether the increased cardiac afterload is associated with (i) cardiac remodelling and hypertrophic signalling; (ii) changes in angiogenic factors and capillary density; and (iii) inflammatory changes associated with oxidative stress and interstitial fibrosis. CTEPH was induced in eight chronically instrumented swine by chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition and up to five weekly pulmonary embolizations. Nine healthy swine served as a control. After 9 weeks, RV function was assessed by single beat analysis of RV–pulmonary artery (PA) coupling at rest and during exercise, as well as by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Subsequently, the heart was excised and RV and left ventricle (LV) tissues were processed for molecular and histological analyses. Swine with CTEPH exhibited significant RV hypertrophy in response to the elevated PA pressure. RV–PA coupling was significantly reduced, correlated inversely with pulmonary vascular resistance and did not increase during exercise in CTEPH swine. Expression of genes associated with hypertrophy (BNP), inflammation (TGFβ), oxidative stress (ROCK2, NOX1 and NOX4), apoptosis (BCL2 and caspase‐3) and angiogenesis (VEGFA) were increased in the RV of CTEPH swine and correlated inversely with RV–PA coupling during exercise. In the LV, only significant changes in ROCK2 gene‐expression occurred. In conclusion, RV remodelling in our CTEPH swine model is associated with increased expression of genes involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, suggesting that these processes contribute to RV remodelling and dysfunction in CTEPH and hence represent potential therapeutic targets. Right ventricle (RV) function is the most important determinant of survival and quality of life in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The changes in right and left ventricle gene expression that contribute to ventricular remodelling are incompletely investigated. RV remodelling in our CTEPH swine model is associated with increased expression of the genes involved in inflammation (TGFβ), oxidative stress (ROCK2, NOX1 and NOX4), and apoptosis (BCL2 and caspase‐3). Alterations in ROCK2 expression correlated inversely with RV contractile reserve during exercise. Since ROCK2 has been shown to be involved in hypertrophy, oxidative stress, fibrosis and endothelial dysfunction, ROCK2 inhibition may present a viable therapeutic target in CTEPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Stam
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zongye Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikki van der Velde
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard van Duin
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lam
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Hirsch
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Sun M, Jin L, Bai Y, Wang L, Zhao S, Ma C, Ma D. Fibroblast growth factor 21 protects against pathological cardiac remodeling by modulating galectin-3 expression. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19529-19540. [PMID: 31286550 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays a protective role in ischemia/reperfusion induced cardiac injury. However, the exact molecular mechanism of FGF21 action remains unclear. This study was designed the protective effect of FGF21 on the heart and its mechanism. METHOD Adenovirus vector expressing FGF21 or control β-galactosidase was injected into the myocardium of mice. Myocardial injury was observed by tissue staining and immunohistochemical staining. The expression level of caspases-3 and galectin-3 in myocardial cells were observed by immunoblotting. Then, hypoxia-induced cell model was established. Small interfering RNA (SiRNA) and plasmid were transfected into H9c2 using Lipofectamine 2000 reagent (Invitrogen). The expression levels of galectin-3, ECM and cystatin-3 in cells were observed by immunoblotting, and the relationship between fibroblast growth factor 21 and galectin-3 was analyzed. RESULT Cell test in vitro showed that FGF21 could inhibit apoptosis and decrease the expression of ECM (ColIaI, fibronectin, and alpha-SMA) under hypoxia. Western blot data showed that hypoxia-induced cell damage increased galectin-3 levels, while FGF21 decreased galactose lectin-3 levels. In addition, inhibition of galactose agglutinin-3 expression by siRNA enhanced the cardioprotective effect of FGF21, while overexpression of galectin-3 reduced the cardioprotective effect of fibroblast growth factor 21. CONCLUSION FGF21 may be a novel therapy for hypoxia-induced cardiac injury by regulating the expression of galectin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Sun
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, first Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Liying Jin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, first Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, first Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, first Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, first Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Chunye Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, first Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Dashi Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, first Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
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42
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Barman SA, Li X, Haigh S, Kondrikov D, Mahboubi K, Bordan Z, Stepp DW, Zhou J, Wang Y, Weintraub DS, Traber P, Snider W, Jonigk D, Sullivan J, Crislip GR, Butcher JT, Thompson J, Su Y, Chen F, Fulton DJR. Galectin-3 is expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells and promotes pulmonary hypertension through changes in proliferation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L784-L797. [PMID: 30724100 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00186.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A defining characteristic of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is the extensive remodeling of pulmonary arteries (PAs), which results in progressive increases in vascular resistance and stiffness and eventual failure of the right ventricle. There is no cure for PH and identification of novel molecular mechanisms that underlie increased proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and excessive extracellular matrix production in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is a vital objective. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a chimeric lectin and potent driver of many aspects of fibrosis, but its role in regulating PASMC behavior in PH remains poorly understood. Herein, we evaluated the importance of increased Gal-3 expression and signaling on PA vascular remodeling and cardiopulmonary function in experimental models of PH. Gal-3 expression was quantified by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence imaging, and its functional role was assessed by specific Gal-3 inhibitors and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Gal-3 in the rat. In rat models of PH, we observed increased Gal-3 expression in PASMCs, which stimulated migration and resistance to apoptosis, whereas silencing or genetic deletion reduced cellular migration and PA fibrosis and increased apoptosis. Gal-3 inhibitors attenuated and reversed PA remodeling and fibrosis, as well as hemodynamic indices in monocrotaline (MCT)-treated rats in vivo. These results were supported by genetic deletion of Gal-3 in both MCT and Sugen Hypoxia rat models. In conclusion, our results suggest that elevated Gal-3 levels contribute to inappropriate PA remodeling in PH by enhancing multiple profibrotic mechanisms. Therapeutic strategies targeting Gal-3 may be of benefit in the treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Barman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Xueyi Li
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Stephen Haigh
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Dmitry Kondrikov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Keyvan Mahboubi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zsuzsanna Bordan
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - David W Stepp
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yusi Wang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Daniel S Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | | | - William Snider
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Jennifer Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - G Ryan Crislip
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Joshua T Butcher
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer Thompson
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Feng Chen
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
| | - David J R Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia.,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
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43
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Zhong X, Qian X, Chen G, Song X. The role of galectin-3 in heart failure and cardiovascular disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:197-203. [PMID: 30372548 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhong
- Cardiovascular Center; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Xiaoqian Qian
- Department of Nephrology; Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Guangping Chen
- Department of Physiology; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Xiang Song
- Cardiovascular Center; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
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Schlüter KD, Kutsche HS, Hirschhäuser C, Schreckenberg R, Schulz R. Review on Chamber-Specific Differences in Right and Left Heart Reactive Oxygen Species Handling. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1799. [PMID: 30618811 PMCID: PMC6304434 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert signaling character (redox signaling), or damaging character (oxidative stress) on cardiac tissue depending on their concentration and/or reactivity. The steady state of ROS concentration is determined by the interplay between its production (mitochondrial, cytosolic, and sarcolemmal enzymes) and ROS defense enzymes (mitochondria, cytosol). Recent studies suggest that ROS regulation is different in the left and right ventricle of the heart, specifically by a different activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Mitochondrial ROS defense seems to be lower in right ventricular tissue compared to left ventricular tissue. In this review we summarize the current evidence for heart chamber specific differences in ROS regulation that may play a major role in an observed inability of the right ventricle to compensate for cardiac stress such as pulmonary hypertension. Based on the current knowledge regimes to increase ROS defense in right ventricular tissue should be in the focus for the development of future therapies concerning right heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Sarah Kutsche
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Rolf Schreckenberg
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Ibarrola J, Sádaba R, Garcia-Peña A, Arrieta V, Martinez-Martinez E, Alvarez V, Fernández-Celis A, Gainza A, Santamaría E, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Cachofeiro V, Fay R, Rossignol P, López-Andrés N. A role for fumarate hydratase in mediating oxidative effects of galectin-3 in human cardiac fibroblasts. Int J Cardiol 2018; 258:217-223. [PMID: 29544935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside-binding lectin involved in cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, could regulate oxidative stress, although the mechanisms have not been elucidated. We herein investigated the changes in oxidative stress-related mediators induced by Gal-3 in human cardiac fibroblasts and in pathological animal and human models of cardiac diseases. RESULTS Using quantitative proteomics and immunodetection approaches, we have identified that Gal-3 down-regulated fumarate hydratase (FH) in human cardiac fibroblasts. In parallel, Gal-3 increased fumarate production in a time-dependent manner. Gal-3 treatment enhanced carbonylated proteins detected through OxyBlot technique. Interestingly, treatment of cells with fumarate induced oxidative stress, enhanced fibroblast activation markers and increased collagen and interleukin-6 secretion. In Gal-3-silenced cells and in heart from Gal-3 knock-out mice, FH was increased and fumarate was decreased. In myocardial biopsies from patients with aortic stenosis (AS, n=26), FH levels were decreased as compared to Controls (n=13). Cardiac Gal-3 inversely correlated with FH levels in myocardial biopsies. In an experimental model of AS rats, pharmacological inhibition of Gal-3 restored cardiac FH, decreased fumarate concentration and improved oxidative status. CONCLUSION In human cardiac fibroblasts, Gal-3 decreased FH expression increasing fumarate concentration and promoting oxidative stress. In human AS, cardiac levels of Gal-3 inversely associated with FH. Gal-3 blockade restored FH and improved fumarate and oxidative stress status in AS rats. FH is therefore a key molecule mediating Gal-3-induced oxidative stress in cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Ibarrola
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Sádaba
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Garcia-Peña
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Arrieta
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ernesto Martinez-Martinez
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Virginia Alvarez
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaya Fernández-Celis
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alicia Gainza
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Fernández-Irigoyen
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria Cachofeiro
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Renaud Fay
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, UMR 1116 Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, UMR 1116 Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, UMR 1116 Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) INI-CRCT, Nancy, France.
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46
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Luo H, Li X, Li T, Zhao L, He J, Zha L, Qi Q, Yu Z. microRNA-423-3p exosomes derived from cardiac fibroblasts mediates the cardioprotective effects of ischaemic post-conditioning. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 115:1189-1204. [PMID: 30202848 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Hunan Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tangzhiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingni He
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lihuang Zha
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiangqiang Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zaixin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Abstract
Tissue engineering is a very promising field of regenerative medicine. Life expectancy has been increasing, and tissue replacement is increasingly needed in patients suffering from various degenerative disorders of the organs. The use of adult mesenchymal stem cells (e.g. from adipose tissue or from bone marrow) in tissue engineering seems to be a promising approach for tissue replacements. Clinical applications can make direct use of the large secretome of these cells, which can have a positive influence on other cells around. Another advantage of adult mesenchymal stem cells is the possibility to differentiate them into various mature cells via appropriate culture conditions (i.e. medium composition, biomaterial properties, and dynamic conditions). This review is focused on current and future ways to carry out tissue replacement of damaged bones and blood vessels, especially with the use of suitable adult mesenchymal stem cells as a potential source of differentiated mature cells that can later be used for tissue replacement. The advantages and disadvantages of different stem cell sources are discussed, with a main focus on adipose-derived stem cells. Patient factors that can influence later clinical applications are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Trávníčková
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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48
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Ibarrola J, Arrieta V, Sádaba R, Martinez-Martinez E, Garcia-Peña A, Alvarez V, Fernández-Celis A, Gainza A, Santamaría E, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Cachofeiro V, Zalba G, Fay R, Rossignol P, López-Andrés N. Galectin-3 down-regulates antioxidant peroxiredoxin-4 in human cardiac fibroblasts: a new pathway to induce cardiac damage. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1471-85. [PMID: 29674526 DOI: 10.1042/CS20171389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is increased in heart failure (HF) and promotes cardiac fibrosis and inflammation. We investigated whether Gal-3 modulates oxidative stress in human cardiac fibroblasts, in experimental animal models and in human aortic stenosis (AS). Using proteomics and immunodetection approaches, we have identified that Gal-3 down-regulated the antioxidant peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx-4) in cardiac fibroblasts. In parallel, Gal-3 increased peroxide, nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, and N-carboxymethyl-lysine levels and decreased total antioxidant capacity. Gal-3 decreased prohibitin-2 expression without modifying other mitochondrial proteins. Prx-4 silencing increased oxidative stress markers. In Gal-3-silenced cells and in heart from Gal-3 knockout mice, Prx-4 was increased and oxidative stress markers were decreased. Pharmacological inhibition of Gal-3 with modified citrus pectin restored cardiac Prx-4 as well as prohibitin-2 levels and improved oxidative status in spontaneously hypertensive rats. In serum from 87 patients with AS, Gal-3 negatively correlated with total antioxidant capacity and positively correlated with peroxide. In myocardial biopsies from 26 AS patients, Gal-3 up-regulation paralleled a decrease in Prx-4 and in prohibitin-2. Cardiac Gal-3 inversely correlated with Prx-4 levels in myocardial biopsies. These data suggest that Gal-3 decreased Prx-4 antioxidant system in cardiac fibroblasts, increasing oxidative stress. In pathological models presenting enhanced cardiac Gal-3, the decrease in Prx-4 expression paralleled increased oxidative stress. Gal-3 blockade restored Prx-4 expression and improved oxidative stress status. In AS, circulating levels of Gal-3 could reflect oxidative stress. The alteration of the balance between antioxidant systems and reactive oxygen species production could be a new pathogenic mechanism by which Gal-3 induces cardiac damage in HF.
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Zivlas C, Triposkiadis F, Psarras S, Giamouzis G, Skoularigis I, Chryssanthopoulos S, Kapelouzou A, Ramcharitar S, Barnes E, Papasteriadis E, Cokkinos D. Cystatin C and galectin-3 as therapeutic targets in heart failure. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 12:233-235. [PMID: 29848191 DOI: 10.1177/1753944718778470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Zivlas
- Wiltshire Cardiac Centre, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Marlborough Road, Swindon, SN3 6BB, UK
| | | | - Stelios Psarras
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory Giamouzis
- Department of Cardiology, Larissa University Hospital, Larissa, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Steve Ramcharitar
- Wiltshire Cardiac Centre, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Swindon, UK
| | - Edward Barnes
- Wiltshire Cardiac Centre, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Swindon, UK
| | | | - Dennis Cokkinos
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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50
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Marín-Royo G, Gallardo I, Martínez-Martínez E, Gutiérrez B, Jurado-López R, López-Andrés N, Gutiérrez-Tenorio J, Rial E, Bartolomé MAV, Nieto ML, Cachofeiro V. Inhibition of galectin-3 ameliorates the consequences of cardiac lipotoxicity in a rat model of diet-induced obesity. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.032086. [PMID: 29361517 PMCID: PMC5894945 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.032086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by metabolic alterations characterized by insulin resistance and cardiac lipotoxicity. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) induces cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in the context of obesity; however, its role in the metabolic consequences of obesity is not totally established. We have investigated the potential role of Gal-3 in the cardiac metabolic disturbances associated with obesity. In addition, we have explored whether this participation is, at least partially, acting on mitochondrial damage. Gal-3 inhibition in rats that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks with modified citrus pectin (MCP; 100 mg/kg/day) attenuated the increase in cardiac levels of total triglyceride (TG). MCP treatment also prevented the increase in cardiac protein levels of carnitine palmitoyl transferase IA, mitofusin 1, and mitochondrial complexes I and II, reactive oxygen species accumulation and decrease in those of complex V but did not affect the reduction in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake observed in HFD rats. The exposure of cardiac myoblasts (H9c2) to palmitic acid increased the rate of respiration, mainly due to an increase in the proton leak, glycolysis, oxidative stress, β-oxidation and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Inhibition of Gal-3 activity was unable to affect these changes. Our findings indicate that Gal-3 inhibition attenuates some of the consequences of cardiac lipotoxicity induced by a HFD since it reduced TG and lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) levels. These reductions were accompanied by amelioration of the mitochondrial damage observed in HFD rats, although no improvement was observed regarding insulin resistance. These findings increase the interest for Gal-3 as a potential new target for therapeutic intervention to prevent obesity-associated cardiac lipotoxicity and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction. Summary: Inhibition of Gal-3 activity reduced the excessive cardiac accumulation of lipids in rats fed a high fat diet. This was accompanied by the amelioration of mitochondria damage observed in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Marín-Royo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Isabel Gallardo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47003, Spain
| | - Ernesto Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47003, Spain
| | - Raquel Jurado-López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Josué Gutiérrez-Tenorio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Eduardo Rial
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Marı A Visitación Bartolomé
- Departmento de Oftalmología y Otorrinolaringología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28223, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - María Luisa Nieto
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47003, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Victoria Cachofeiro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28040, Spain .,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
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