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Jackson TC, Herrmann JR, Fink EL, Au AK, Kochanek PM. Harnessing the Promise of the Cold Stress Response for Acute Brain Injury and Critical Illness in Infants and Children. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2024; 25:259-270. [PMID: 38085024 PMCID: PMC10932834 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000003424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Travis C. Jackson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Jeremy R. Herrmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ericka L. Fink
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alicia K. Au
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Patrick M. Kochanek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Kundimi S, Chinta G, Alluri KV, Golakoti T, Veeramachaneni S, Ramanathan G, Sengupta K. A Synergistic Botanical Composition Increases Resting Energy Expenditure and Reduces Adiposity in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. J Am Nutr Assoc 2024; 43:286-295. [PMID: 38015050 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2280777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An imbalance between dietary energy intake and energy expenditure may result in body fat gain or obesity. Increasing resting energy expenditure (REE) is an attractive strategy for managing body fat gain. The objective of the current study was to generate proof-of-concept data on a synergistic composition (LN19183) of Citrus aurantifolia fruit rind (CA) and Theobroma cacao seed (TC) extracts to increase REE and reduce body fat gain in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. METHOD In in vitro cell-based experiments, CA, TC, or LN19183 were tested for fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) production from 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) and beta3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) protein expressions in LN19183-treated 3T3-L1 lysates were also tested. The 56-day in vivo study in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (age: 12-14 weeks; body weight [b.w.]: 115-197 g) contained 2 phases of 28 days each of induction and supplementation. Seven rats received a regular rodent diet (RD) over 56 days. In the induction phase, 21 rats received HFD; in the supplementation phase, the obese rats (n = 7) received either HFD alone or in concurrence with a daily oral dose of either 100 or 250 mg/kg b.w. of LN19183 for 28 days. RESULTS In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, LN19183 synergistically increased FGF-21 production and dose-dependently increased β3-AR and UCP-1 protein expression. In HFD-fed rats, both doses of LN19183 supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the body weight gain, total fat mass, and liver weight and increased (p < 0.05) REE. High-dose LN19183 also significantly (p < 0.05) increased fat oxidation and UCP-1 protein expression in white fat tissue and reduced liver triglyceride (TG) level. LN19183-supplemented groups substantially reduced serum TG and glucose levels compared to the HFD rats. CONCLUSIONS LN19183 reduces body fat mass and weight gain via increased REE and fat oxidation in HFD-fed obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenath Kundimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gopichand Chinta
- Department of Medical Affairs, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Krishnaraju Venkata Alluri
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Research, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Trimurtulu Golakoti
- Department of Phytochemistry, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Guru Ramanathan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Krishanu Sengupta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Liaño Riera M, Santiago Sáez A, García Martín Á, Gómez Serrano M, Minoretti P. Relation of Sleep Quality to a Panel of Plasma Cardiometabolic Markers in Airline Pilots: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e51650. [PMID: 38318571 PMCID: PMC10839343 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Insomnia and poor sleep are leading modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Given the high susceptibility of airline pilots (APs) to sleep disturbances, we sought to investigate the hypothesis that poor sleep in this professional group correlates with alterations in plasma biochemical markers that would reflect critical aspects in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic disorders. Methods In this preliminary cross-sectional study, we examined the relation of poor sleep to fourteen plasma biomarkers reflecting multiple cardiometabolic pathways in a convenience sample of 117 male APs. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to categorize the participants into good sleepers (n = 70, 59.8%; PSQI scores from 0 to 4) and poor sleepers (n = 47, 40.2%; PSQI scores of 5 or higher). The concentrations of biomarkers were compared between the two groups using both univariable and multivariable analyses. Results Compared to good sleepers, APs identified as poor sleepers exhibited significantly different levels of four plasma cardiometabolic biochemical markers in univariable analysis. However, in multivariable-adjusted analysis, only three biomarkers, adiponectin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21, and growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15, remained independently associated with poor sleep. Conclusion Poor sleep quality in APs correlates with lower plasma concentrations of adiponectin and elevated levels of FGF-21 and GDF-15. Further longitudinal studies are required to elucidate the role of these biomarkers in the link between sleep disturbances and cardiometabolic risk in this professional group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Liaño Riera
- Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Pathology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, ESP
| | - Andrés Santiago Sáez
- Legal Medicine, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, ESP
- Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Pathology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, ESP
| | - Ángel García Martín
- Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Pathology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, ESP
| | - Manuel Gómez Serrano
- Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Pathology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, ESP
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Lam S, Lui DTW, Shiu SWM, Wong Y, Tan KCB. Effect of type 2 diabetes on the inducible degrader of LDL receptor. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100380. [PMID: 37094639 PMCID: PMC10230263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The inducible degrader of LDL receptor (IDOL) acts as a post-transcriptional degrader of the LDL receptor (LDLR). IDOL is functionally active in the liver and in peripheral tissues. We have evaluated IDOL expression in circulating monocytes in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes and determined whether changes in IDOL expression could affect macrophage function like cytokine production in vitro. One hundred forty individuals with type 2 diabetes and 110 healthy control subjects were recruited. Cellular expression of IDOL and LDLR in peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes was measured by flow cytometry. The expression of intracellular IDOL was lower in individuals with diabetes than control (21.3 ± 4.6 mean fluorescence intensity × 1,000 vs. 23.8 ± 6.2, P < 0.01), and this was accompanied by an increase in cell surface LDLR (5.2 ± 3.0 mean fluorescence intensity × 1,000 vs. 4.3 ± 1.5, P < 0.01), LDL binding, and intracellular lipid (P < 0.01). IDOL expression correlated with HbA1c (r = -0.38, P < 0.01) and serum fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) (r = -0.34, P < 0.01). Multivariable regression analysis, including age, sex, BMI, smoking, HbA1c, and log(FGF21), showed that HbA1c and FGF21 were significant independent determinants of IDOL expression. IDOL knockdown human monocyte-derived macrophages produced higher concentrations of interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, and TNFα than control macrophages upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (all P < 0.01). In conclusion, the expression of IDOL in CD14+ monocytes was decreased in type 2 diabetes and was associated with glycemia and serum FGF21 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sum Lam
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - David Tak Wai Lui
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Ying Wong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Chen K, Huang W, Wang J, Xu H, Ruan L, Li Y, Wang Z, Wang X, Lin L, Li X. Increased serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels are associated with adverse clinical outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1117057. [PMID: 37214383 PMCID: PMC10198380 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1117057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most prevalent cause of death. We sought to explore whether serum Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is of substantial benefit in predicting poor prognosis in ICH patient. Methods A prospective, multicenter cohort analysis of serum FGF21 levels in 418 ICH patients was carried out. At three months following ICH start, the primary endpoint was death or major disability, whereas the secondary endpoint was death. We investigated the association between serum FGF21 and clinical outcomes. We added FGF21 to the existing rating scale to assess whether it enhanced the prediction ability of the original model. Effectiveness was determined by calculating the C-statistic, net reclassification index (NRI), absolute integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) index. Results Among 418 enrolled patients, 217 (51.9%) of the all subjects had death or significant disability. Compared with patients in the lowest quartile group, those in the first quartile group had higher risk of the primary outcome (Odds ratio, 2.73 [95%CI,1.42-5.26, p < 0.05]) and second outcome (Hazard ratio, 4.28 [95%CI,1.61-11.42, p < 0.001]). The integration of FGF21 into many current ICH scales improved the discrimination and calibration quality for the integrated discrimination index's prediction of main and secondary findings (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Elevated serum FGF21 is associated with increased risks of adverse clinical outcomes at 3 months in ICH patients, suggesting FGF21 may be a valuable prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huiqin Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lixin Ruan
- The People’s Hospital of Pingyang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongang Li
- The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Kim H, Jung J, Park S, Joo Y, Lee S, Sim J, Choi J, Lee H, Hwang G, Lee S. Exercise-Induced Fibroblast Growth Factor-21: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087284. [PMID: 37108444 PMCID: PMC10139099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to synthesize and quantify the results of the studies investigating the changes in fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) induced by exercise. We searched for studies that did not differentiate between patients and healthy adults but compared them before and after exercise and with and without exercise. For quality assessment, the risk-of-bias assessment tool for nonrandomized studies and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool were used. A quantitative analysis was performed using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and random-effects model in RevMan 5.4. A total of 94 studies were searched in international electronic databases, and after screening, 10 studies with 376 participants were analyzed. Compared with no exercise, there was a significant increase in the FGF-21 levels from before to after exercise (SMD = 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.21 to 1.89). The changes in FGF-21 levels in the exercise group showed a significant difference from the levels in the controls. The results of the random-effects model were as follows: SMD = 1.12; 95% CI, -0.13 to 2.37. While the data on acute exercise were not synthesized in this study, FGF-21 levels generally increased after chronic exercise compared with no exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoong Kim
- Seogwangju Chung Yeon Rehabilitation Hospital, 61, Gaegeum-gil, Gwangju 72070, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gwangju Health University, 73, Bungmun-daero 419, Gwangju 62287, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Jung
- Institute of SMART Rehabilitation, Sahmyook University, 815, Hwarang-ro, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeon Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, 815, Hwarang-ro, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Younglan Joo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, 815, Hwarang-ro, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbong Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, 815, Hwarang-ro, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongu Sim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, 815, Hwarang-ro, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeong Choi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, 815, Hwarang-ro, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, 815, Hwarang-ro, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyujeong Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, 815, Hwarang-ro, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sahmyook University, 815, Hwarang-ro, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
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Berezin AA, Obradovic Z, Berezina TA, Boxhammer E, Lichtenauer M, Berezin AE. Cardiac Hepatopathy: New Perspectives on Old Problems through a Prism of Endogenous Metabolic Regulations by Hepatokines. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020516. [PMID: 36830074 PMCID: PMC9951884 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hepatopathy refers to acute or chronic liver damage caused by cardiac dysfunction in the absence of any other possible causative reasons of liver injury. There is a large number of evidence of the fact that cardiac hepatopathy is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with acute or actually decompensated heart failure (HF). However, the currently dominated pathophysiological background does not explain a role of metabolic regulative proteins secreted by hepatocytes in progression of HF, including adverse cardiac remodeling, kidney injury, skeletal muscle dysfunction, osteopenia, sarcopenia and cardiac cachexia. The aim of this narrative review was to accumulate knowledge of hepatokines (adropin; fetuin-A, selenoprotein P, fibroblast growth factor-21, and alpha-1-microglobulin) as adaptive regulators of metabolic homeostasis in patients with HF. It is suggested that hepatokines play a crucial, causative role in inter-organ interactions and mediate tissue protective effects counteracting oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and necrosis. The discriminative potencies of hepatokines for HF and damage of target organs in patients with known HF is under on-going scientific discussion and requires more investigations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Berezin
- Internal Medicine Department, Zaporozhye Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, 69000 Zaporozhye, Ukraine
- Klinik Barmelweid, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, 5017 Barmelweid, Switzerland
| | - Zeljko Obradovic
- Klinik Barmelweid, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, 5017 Barmelweid, Switzerland
| | - Tetiana A. Berezina
- Department of Internal Medicine & Nephrology, VitaCenter, 69000 Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Elke Boxhammer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander E. Berezin
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Internal Medicine Department, Zaporozhye State Medical University, 69035 Zaporozhye, Ukraine
- Correspondence:
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Inoue T, Fu B, Nishio M, Tanaka M, Kato H, Tanaka M, Itoh M, Yamakage H, Ochi K, Ito A, Shiraki Y, Saito S, Ihara M, Nishimura H, Kawamoto A, Inoue S, Saeki K, Enomoto A, Suganami T, Satoh-Asahara N. Novel Therapeutic Potentials of Taxifolin for Obesity-Induced Hepatic Steatosis, Fibrogenesis, and Tumorigenesis. Nutrients 2023; 15. [PMID: 36678220 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) includes a complex interaction of metabolic stress and inflammatory stimuli. Considering the therapeutic goals of NASH, it is important to determine whether the treatment can prevent the progression from NASH to hepatocellular carcinoma. Taxifolin, also known as dihydroquercetin, is a natural bioactive flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties commonly found in various foods and health supplement products. In this study, we demonstrated that Taxifolin treatment markedly prevented the development of hepatic steatosis, chronic inflammation, and liver fibrosis in a murine model of NASH. Its mechanisms include a direct action on hepatocytes to inhibit lipid accumulation. Taxifolin also increased brown adipose tissue activity and suppressed body weight gain through at least two distinct pathways: direct action on brown adipocytes and indirect action via fibroblast growth factor 21 production in the liver. Notably, the Taxifolin treatment after NASH development could effectively prevent the development of liver tumors. Collectively, this study provides evidence that Taxifolin shows pleiotropic effects for the treatment of the NASH continuum. Our data also provide insight into the novel mechanisms of action of Taxifolin, which has been widely used as a health supplement with high safety.
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Jürimäe J, Remmel L, Tamm AL, Purge P, Maasalu K, Tillmann V. Associations of Circulating Irisin and Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Levels with Measures of Energy Homeostasis in Highly Trained Adolescent Rhythmic Gymnasts. J Clin Med 2022; 11. [PMID: 36556065 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to determine the associations of serum irisin and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) with the measures of energy homeostasis, training stress and other energy homeostasis hormones in highly trained adolescent rhythmic gymnasts (RG). Thirty-three RG and 20 untrained controls (UC) aged 14−18 years participated in this study. Body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), peak oxygen consumption, and different energy homeostasis hormones in serum, including irisin, FGF-21, leptin, and resistin, were measured. Irisin and FGF-21 were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between RG and UC groups. In RG, serum irisin was positively associated with REE (r = 0.40; p = 0.021) and leptin (r = 0.60; p = 0.013), while serum FGF-21 was related to body fat mass (r = 0.46; p = 0.007) and leptin (r = 0.45; p = 0.009). Irisin was related to FGF-21, independent of age, body fat, and lean masses (r = 0.36; p = 0.049) in RG. In conclusion, serum irisin concentration was associated with energy expenditure and serum FGF-21 level with energy availability measures in lean adolescent athletes, while no relationships of irisin and FGF-21 with energy status measures were observed in lean nonathletic adolescents.
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Hofmanis J, Tretjakovs P, Svirskis S, Gersone G, Hofmane D, Rozenberga U, Blumfelds L, Bahs G, Lejnieks A, Mackevics V. Prognostic Utility of Circulating Growth Factors in Aortic Valve Stenosis: A Pilot Study. Medicina (Kaunas) 2021; 57:medicina57010078. [PMID: 33477548 PMCID: PMC7831117 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Aortic valve stenosis (AS) develops with a pronounced local inflammatory response, where a variety of growth factors are involved in the process, and may have a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of our study was to elucidate whether circulating growth factors: growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) could be proposed as clinically relevant biomarkers to improve risk stratification in AS patients. Materials and Methods: AS patients were classified into three groups: 16 patients with mild AS stenosis; 19 with moderate and 11 with severe AS, and 30 subjects without AS (echocardiographically approved) were selected as a control group. GDF-15, Ang-2, VEGF-A, FGF-2, and FGF-21 were measured in plasma by the ELISA method. Results: GDF-15 levels differed significantly not only when comparing AS patients with control groups (p < 0.0001), but also a statistically significant difference was achieved when comparing AS patients at a mild degree stage with control individuals. We found a strong relationship of GDF-15 levels regarding AS severity degree (p < 0.0001). VEGF-A, FGF-2 and FGF-21 levels were significantly higher in AS patients than in controls, but relationships regarding the AS severity degree were weaker (p < 0.02). ROC analysis of the study growth factors showed that GDF-15 might serve as a specific and sensitive biomarker of AS stenosis (AUC = 0.75, p = 0.0002). FGF-21 correlated with GDF-15, Ang-2, and FGF-2, but it did not reach the level to serve as a clinically relevant biomarker of AS stenosis. Conclusions: AS is associated with significantly increased GDF-15, VEGF-A, FGF-2, and FGF-21 levels in plasma, but only GDF-15 shows a pronounced relationship regarding AS severity degree, and GDF-15 might serve as a specific and sensitive biomarker of AS stenosis.
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Micielska K, Kortas JA, Gmiat A, Jaworska J, Kozlowska M, Lysak-Radomska A, Rodziewicz-Flis E, Zychowska M, Ziemann E. Habitually inactive physically - a proposed procedure of counteracting cognitive decline in women with diminished insulin sensitivity through a high-intensity circuit training program. Physiol Behav 2020; 229:113235. [PMID: 33130034 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study verified the impact of five weeks of high-intensity circuit training (HICT) on changes in concentration of exerkines in relation to cognitive functions. Sedentary women (n = 33; age=39±13 years) were randomly assigned into the HICT (n = 21) group or the control group (n = 12). The HICT group performed 15 training sessions; meanwhile, the control group performed the HICT twice, only at baseline and at the end of the experiment. Blood samples were collected before, 1 h and 24 h after the first and last HICT, to evaluate the concentration of exerkines: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cathepsin B (CATB) using enzyme immunoassay method. Cognitive functions and quality of life were assessed using the Vienna Test System and the Short Form Health Survey. HICT induced improvement of cognitive function and quality of life, and these changes were accompanied by an increase of BDNF and shifts in CATB concentration. HICT program caused a decrease in FGF-21 concentration, which was modified by age and insulin sensitivity. The improvement of cognitive functions was more pronounced in females, who experienced a drop in FGF-21. In summary, HICT program, that can be performed during pandemic, enhanced cognitive functions and this response was related to changes in exerkines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Micielska
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan 61-871, Poland; Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk 80-336, Poland
| | - Jakub Antoni Kortas
- Department of Sport, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk 80-336, Poland
| | - Anna Gmiat
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk 80-336, Poland
| | - Joanna Jaworska
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan 61-871, Poland
| | - Marta Kozlowska
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk 80-336, Poland
| | - Anna Lysak-Radomska
- Department of Occupation Therapy, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk 80-336, Poland
| | - Ewa Rodziewicz-Flis
- Department of Physiotherapy, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk 80-336, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zychowska
- Institute of Physical Education, Department of Sport, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz 85-064, Poland
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan 61-871, Poland.
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12
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Yamashita Y, Takeuchi T, Endo Y, Goto A, Sakaki S, Yamaguchi Y, Takenaka H, Yamashita H. Dietary Supplementation with Dunaliella Tertiolecta Prevents Whitening of Brown Fat and Controls Diet-Induced Obesity at Thermoneutrality in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061686. [PMID: 32516922 PMCID: PMC7352257 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of evodiamine-containing microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta (DT) on the prevention of diet-induced obesity in a thermoneutral C57BL/6J male (30 °C). It attenuates the activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which accelerates diet-induced obesity. Nine-week-old mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with 10 g (Low group) or 25 g (High group) DT powder per kg food for 12 weeks. Compared to control mice without DT supplementation, body weight gain was significantly reduced in the High group with no difference in food intake. Tissue analyses indicated maintenance of multilocular morphology in BAT and reduced fat deposition in liver in DT-supplemented mice. Molecular analysis showed a significant decrease in mammalian target of rapamycin−ribosomal S6 protein kinase signaling pathway in white adipose tissue and upregulation in mRNA expression of brown fat-associated genes including fibroblast growth factor-21 (Fgf21) and uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) in BAT in the High group compared to the control. In the experiments using C3H10T1/2 adipocytes, DT extract upregulated mRNA expression of brown fat-associated genes in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners, accompanied by a significant increase in secreted FGF21 levels. Our data show the ability of DT as a nutraceutical to prevent brown fat attenuation and diet-induced obesity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.T.); (Y.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Tamaki Takeuchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.T.); (Y.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Yuki Endo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.T.); (Y.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Ayumi Goto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.T.); (Y.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Setsuko Sakaki
- MAC Gifu Research Institute, MicroAlgae Corporation, 4-15 Akebono, Gifu 500-8148, Japan; (S.S.); (Y.Y.); (H.T.)
| | - Yuji Yamaguchi
- MAC Gifu Research Institute, MicroAlgae Corporation, 4-15 Akebono, Gifu 500-8148, Japan; (S.S.); (Y.Y.); (H.T.)
| | - Hiroyuki Takenaka
- MAC Gifu Research Institute, MicroAlgae Corporation, 4-15 Akebono, Gifu 500-8148, Japan; (S.S.); (Y.Y.); (H.T.)
| | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.T.); (Y.E.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-568-51-6017
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13
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Tas E, Bai S, Ou X, Mercer K, Lin H, Mansfield K, Buchmann R, Diaz EC, Oden J, Børsheim E, Adams SH, Dranoff J. Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 to Adiponectin Ratio: A Potential Biomarker to Monitor Liver Fat in Children With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:654. [PMID: 33071964 PMCID: PMC7533567 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a pressing need for effective and non-invasive biomarkers to track intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) in children at-risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as standard-of-care reference tools, liver biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are impractical to monitor the course disease. Objective: We aimed to examine the association between serum fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 to adiponectin ratio (FAR) and IHTG as assessed by MRI in children with obesity. Methods: Serum FGF21 and adiponectin levels and IHTG were measured at two time points (baseline, 6 months) in obese children enrolled in a clinical weight loss program. The association between percent change in FAR and IHTG at final visit was examined using a multiple linear regression model. Results: At baseline, FAR was higher in the subjects with NAFLD (n = 23, 35.8 ± 41.9 pg/ng) than without NAFLD (n = 35, 19.8 ± 13.7 pg/ng; p = 0.042). Forty-eight subjects completed both visits and were divided into IHTG loss (≥1% reduction than baseline), no change (within ±1% change), and gain (≥1% increase than baseline) groups. At 6 months, the percent change in FAR was different among the three groups (p = 0.005). Multiple linear regression showed a positive relationship between percent change in FAR and the final liver fat percent in sex and pubertal stage-similar subjects with NAFLD at baseline (slope coefficient 6.18, 95% CI 1.90-10.47, P = 0.007), but not in those without NAFLD. Conclusions: Higher value in percent increase in FAR is positively associated with higher level of IHTG percent value at 6 months in children with baseline NAFLD. FAR could be a potential biomarker to monitor the changes in IHTG in children with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Tas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
- *Correspondence: Emir Tas
| | - Shasha Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xiawei Ou
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Kelly Mercer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Haixia Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Kori Mansfield
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Robert Buchmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Eva C. Diaz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Jon Oden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Jonathan Dranoff
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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14
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Headland ML, Clifton PM, Keogh JB. Effects of Weight Loss on FGF-21 in Human Subjects: An Exploratory Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E4877. [PMID: 31817052 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), is a protein involved in cell growth and differentiation, development, wound repair and metabolism. Research looking at the impact of weight loss on FGF-21 levels is limited. The objective of this exploratory study was to determine changes in serum FGF-21 levels following weight loss induced by either continuous energy restriction or intermittent energy restriction. A sub cohort of participants who completed a 12-month dietary intervention trial following continuous energy restriction, or a week-on week-off energy restriction pattern, were selected for analysis. FGF-21 levels were not altered by weight loss and were not correlated with body weight or BMI at baseline or 12 months. Weight loss after 12 months either through continuous energy restriction or intermittent energy restriction was −5.9 ± 4.5 and −4.9 ± 3.4 kg, respectively. There was no change in FGF-21 levels, 0.3 ± 0.9 and 0.04 ± 0.2 ng/mL (p = 0.2). In conclusion, weight loss in healthy overweight or obesity subjects did not affect FGF-21 levels.
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15
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Sun M, Jin L, Bai Y, Wang L, Zhao S, Ma C, Ma D. Fibroblast growth factor 21 protects against pathological cardiac remodeling by modulating galectin-3 expression. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19529-19540. [PMID: 31286550 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays a protective role in ischemia/reperfusion induced cardiac injury. However, the exact molecular mechanism of FGF21 action remains unclear. This study was designed the protective effect of FGF21 on the heart and its mechanism. METHOD Adenovirus vector expressing FGF21 or control β-galactosidase was injected into the myocardium of mice. Myocardial injury was observed by tissue staining and immunohistochemical staining. The expression level of caspases-3 and galectin-3 in myocardial cells were observed by immunoblotting. Then, hypoxia-induced cell model was established. Small interfering RNA (SiRNA) and plasmid were transfected into H9c2 using Lipofectamine 2000 reagent (Invitrogen). The expression levels of galectin-3, ECM and cystatin-3 in cells were observed by immunoblotting, and the relationship between fibroblast growth factor 21 and galectin-3 was analyzed. RESULT Cell test in vitro showed that FGF21 could inhibit apoptosis and decrease the expression of ECM (ColIaI, fibronectin, and alpha-SMA) under hypoxia. Western blot data showed that hypoxia-induced cell damage increased galectin-3 levels, while FGF21 decreased galactose lectin-3 levels. In addition, inhibition of galactose agglutinin-3 expression by siRNA enhanced the cardioprotective effect of FGF21, while overexpression of galectin-3 reduced the cardioprotective effect of fibroblast growth factor 21. CONCLUSION FGF21 may be a novel therapy for hypoxia-induced cardiac injury by regulating the expression of galectin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Sun
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, first Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Liying Jin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, first Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, first Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, first Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, first Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Chunye Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, first Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Dashi Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, first Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
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16
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Xu C, Han Z, Li P, Li X. Fibroblast growth factor-21 is a potential diagnostic factor for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1397-1402. [PMID: 30116389 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disease with symptoms of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and fetal maldevelopment. Evidence has indicated that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 is a multifunctional protein and exhibits potential therapeutic value for metabolic diseases. The present study investigated the diagnostic value of FGF-21 serum levels in patients with GDM (n=50) and age-matched healthy individuals (n=50). It was demonstrated that the gene and protein expression levels of FGF-21 were downregulated in adipose cells in patients with GDM compared with those in healthy individuals. The results also indicated that the serum levels of FGF-21 were downregulated in patients with GDM compared with those in healthy individuals. In addition, it was demonstrated that blood glucose and blood pressure were higher in patients with GDM compared with those in healthy individuals. GDM patients had a markedly higher insulin resistance and glucose tolerance than healthy individuals. However, GDM patients had significantly lower serum levels of insulin than healthy individuals. It was observed that the serum levels of FGF-21 were positively correlated with those of glucose in GDM patients. In conclusion, these results indicate that decreased FGF-21 levels are associated with the risk of GDM, suggesting that FGF-21 may be a potential diagnostic factor for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfang Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyan Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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17
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Morovat A, Weerasinghe G, Nesbitt V, Hofer M, Agnew T, Quaghebeur G, Sergeant K, Fratter C, Guha N, Mirzazadeh M, Poulton J. Use of FGF-21 as a Biomarker of Mitochondrial Disease in Clinical Practice. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6080080. [PMID: 28825656 PMCID: PMC5575582 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6080080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent work has suggested that fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) is a useful biomarker of mitochondrial disease (MD). We routinely measured FGF-21 levels on patients who were investigated at our centre for MD and evaluated its diagnostic performance based on detailed genetic and other laboratory findings. Patients’ FGF-21 results were assessed by the use of age-adjusted z-scores based on normalised FGF-21 values from a healthy population. One hundred and fifty five patients were investigated. One hundred and four of these patients had molecular evidence for MD, 27 were deemed to have disorders other than MD (non-MD), and 24 had possible MD. Patients with defects in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance (n = 32) and mtDNA rearrangements (n = 17) had the highest median FGF-21 among the MD group. Other MD patients harbouring mtDNA point mutations (n = 40) or mutations in other autosomal genes (n = 7) and those with partially characterised MD had lower FGF-21 levels. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for distinguishing MD from non-MD patients was 0.69. No correlation between FGF-21 and creatinine, creatine kinase, or cardio-skeletal myopathy score was found. FGF-21 was significantly associated with plasma lactate and ocular myopathy. Although FGF-21 was found to have a low sensitivity for detecting MD, at a z-score of 2.8, its specificity was above 90%. We suggest that a high serum concentration of FGF-21 would be clinically useful in MD, especially in adult patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, and may enable bypassing muscle biopsy and directly opting for genetic analysis. Availability of its assay has thus modified our diagnostic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Morovat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Gayani Weerasinghe
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Victoria Nesbitt
- Department of Paediatrics, The Children's Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Monika Hofer
- Department of Neuropathology and Ocular Pathology, West Wing, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Thomas Agnew
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
| | - Geralrine Quaghebeur
- Department of Neuroradiology, West Wing, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Kate Sergeant
- NHS Specialised Services for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children UK, Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
| | - Carl Fratter
- NHS Specialised Services for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children UK, Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
| | - Nishan Guha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Mehdi Mirzazadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Joanna Poulton
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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18
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Xiao J, Lv D, Zhao Y, Chen X, Song M, Liu J, Bei Y, Wang F, Yang W, Yang C. miR-149 controls non-alcoholic fatty liver by targeting FGF-21. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1603-8. [PMID: 27061435 PMCID: PMC4956949 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a lipid metabolism disorder characterized by the accumulation of intrahepatic fat, has emerged as a global public health problem. However, its underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. We previously have found that miR‐149 was elevated in NAFLD induced by high‐fat diet mice model, whereas decreased by a 16‐week running programme. Here, we reported that miR‐149 was increased in HepG2 cells treated with long‐chain fatty acid (FFA). In addition, miR‐149 was able to promote lipogenesis in HepG2 cells in the absence of FFA treatment. Moreover, inhibition of miR‐149 was capable of inhibiting lipogenesis in HepG2 cells in the presence of FFA treatment. Meanwhile, fibroblast growth factor‐21 (FGF‐21) was identified as a target gene of miR‐149, which was demonstrated by the fact that miR‐149 could negatively regulate the protein expression level of FGF‐21, and FGF‐21 was also responsible for the effect of miR‐149 inhibitor in decreasing lipogenesis in HepG2 cells in the presence of FFA treatment. These data implicate that miR‐149 might be a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Xiao
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Innovative Drug Research Center of Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongchao Lv
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Innovative Drug Research Center of Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiyi Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingqi Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihua Bei
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Innovative Drug Research Center of Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhuo Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Shao M, Yu L, Zhang F, Lu X, Li X, Cheng P, Lin X, He L, Jin S, Tan Y, Yang H, Zhang C, Cai L. Additive protection by LDR and FGF21 treatment against diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes model. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E45-54. [PMID: 25968574 PMCID: PMC4490332 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00026.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The onset of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with both systemic and renal changes. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 prevents diabetic complications mainly by improving systemic metabolism. In addition, low-dose radiation (LDR) protects mice from DN directly by preventing renal oxidative stress and inflammation. In the present study, we tried to define whether the combination of FGF21 and LDR could further prevent DN by blocking its systemic and renal pathogeneses. To this end, type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding a high-fat diet for 12 wk followed by a single dose injection of streptozotocin. Diabetic mice were exposed to 50 mGy LDR every other day for 4 wk with and without 1.5 mg/kg FGF21 daily for 8 wk. The changes in systemic parameters, including blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, and insulin resistance, as well as renal pathology, were examined. Diabetic mice exhibited renal dysfunction and pathological abnormalities, all of which were prevented significantly by LDR and/or FGF21; the best effects were observed in the group that received the combination treatment. Our studies revealed that the additive renal protection conferred by the combined treatment against diabetes-induced renal fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative damage was associated with the systemic improvement of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. These results suggest that the combination treatment with LDR and FGF21 prevented DN more efficiently than did either treatment alone. The mechanism behind these protective effects could be attributed to the suppression of both systemic and renal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglong Shao
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lechu Yu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuemian Lu
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiufei Lin
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Luqing He
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shunzi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China; and
| | - Yi Tan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Hong Yang
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China;
| | - Lu Cai
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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20
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Constantinescu S, Turcotte LP. Amelioration of palmitate-induced metabolic dysfunction in L6 muscle cells expressing low levels of receptor-interacting protein 140. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:913-22. [PMID: 26406163 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that reduced expression of receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) alters the regulation of fatty-acid (FA) oxidation in muscle. To determine whether a high level of FA availability alters the effects of RIP140 on metabolic regulation, L6 myotubes were transfected with or without RNA interference oligonucleotide sequences to reduce RIP140 expression, and then incubated with high levels of palmitic acid, with or without insulin. High levels of palmitate reduced basal (53%-58%) and insulin-treated (24%-44%) FA uptake and oxidation, and increased basal glucose uptake (88%). In cells incubated with high levels of palmitate, low RIP140 increased basal FA uptake and insulin-treated FA oxidation and glucose uptake, and decreased basal glucose uptake and insulin-treated FA uptake. Under basal conditions, low RIP140 increased the mRNA content of FAT/CD36 (159%) and COX4 (61%), as well as the protein content of Nur77 (68%), whereas the mRNA expression of FGF21 (50%) was decreased, as was the protein content of CPT1b (35%) and FGF21 (44%). Under insulin-treated conditions, low RIP140 expression increased the mRNA content of MCAD (84%) and Nur77 (84%), as well as the protein content of Nur77 (23%). Thus, a low level of RIP140 restores the rates of FA uptake in the basal state, in part via a reduction in upstream insulin signaling. Our data also indicate that the protein expression of Nur77 may be modulated by RIP140 when muscle cells are metabolically challenged by high levels of palmitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Constantinescu
- b Department of Math and Science, Marymount California University, Rancho Palos Verdes, California, USA
| | - Lorraine P Turcotte
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 3560 Watt Way, PED 107, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0652, USA
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Li ZC, Xiao J, Wang G, Li MQ, Hu KZ, Ma T, Wang WL, Liu ZD, Zhang JD. Fibroblast growth factor-21 concentration in serum and synovial fluid is associated with radiographic bone loss of knee osteoarthritis. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2014; 75:121-5. [PMID: 25549692 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2014.992942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate whether FGF-21 concentration in serum and synovial fluid (SF) is associated with radiographic bone loss of knee osteoarthritis (OA). A total of 186 OA patients and 108 controls were recruited. The radiographic bone loss of knee OA was assessed by the Ahlbäck grading scale. FGF-21 concentration in serum and SF was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We demonstrated that OA patients had significantly higher serum FGF-21 concentration compared with controls (204.30 [range 158.25-279.16] ng/L vs. 130.72 [range 94.93-218.03] ng/L, p < 0.01). FGF-21 concentration in serum was well correlated with that in paired SF samples (r = 0.668, p < 0.001). In OA patients, those with a higher Ahlbäck grade had significantly higher serum and SF FGF-21 concentration (p < 0.001 for both). FGF-21 concentration in serum and SF was significantly and independently associated with the Ahlbäck grade (r = 0.403, p < 0.001 and r = 0.410, p < 0.001; respectively). These findings indicated that FGF-21 might be a potential biomarker for predicting bone loss of OA. Therapeutic interventions by blocking FGF-21 signaling pathways to delay the degenerative process of OA warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Chun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong Universtiy , Shanghai
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Elias-Miró M, Mendes-Braz M, Cereijo R, Villarroya F, Jiménez-Castro MB, Gracia-Sancho J, Guixé-Muntet S, Massip-Salcedo M, Domingo JC, Bermudo R, Rodés J, Peralta C. Resistin and visfatin in steatotic and non-steatotic livers in the setting of partial hepatectomy under ischemia-reperfusion. J Hepatol 2014; 60:87-95. [PMID: 23968888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS This study examined whether the regulation of resistin and visfatin could reduce damage and improve regeneration in both steatotic and non-steatotic livers undergoing partial hepatectomy under ischemia-reperfusion, a procedure commonly applied in clinical practice to reduce bleeding. METHODS Resistin and visfatin were pharmacologically modulated in lean and obese animals undergoing partial hepatectomy under ischemia-reperfusion. RESULTS No evident role for these adipocytokines was observed in non-steatotic livers. However, obese animals undergoing liver surgery showed increased resistin in liver and plasma, without changes in adipose tissue, together with visfatin downregulation in liver and increment in plasma and adipose tissue. Endogenous resistin maintains low levels of visfatin in the liver by blocking its hepatic uptake from the circulation, thus regulating the visfatin detrimental effects on hepatic damage and regenerative failure. Indeed, the administration of anti-resistin antibodies increased hepatic accumulation of adipocyte-derived visfatin, exacerbating damage and regenerative failure. Interestingly, treatment with anti-visfatin antibodies protected steatotic livers, and similar results were obtained with the concomitant inhibition of resistin and visfatin. Thus, when visfatin was inhibited, the injurious effects of anti-resistin antibodies disappeared. Herein we show that upregulation of visfatin increased NAD levels in the remnant steatotic liver, whereas visfatin inhibition decreased them. These later observations suggest that visfatin may favour synthesis of NAD instead of DNA and induces alterations in amino acid metabolism-urea cycle and NO production, overall negatively affecting liver viability. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate the clinical potential of visfatin blocking-based therapies in steatotic livers undergoing partial hepatectomy with ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elias-Miró
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana Mendes-Braz
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruben Cereijo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, i Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBER Fisopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, i Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBER Fisopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Spain
| | - Mónica B Jiménez-Castro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Guixé-Muntet
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Massip-Salcedo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Domingo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Juan Rodés
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Peralta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain.
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Ebert T, Stepan H, Schrey S, Kralisch S, Hindricks J, Hopf L, Platz M, Lossner U, Jessnitzer B, Drewlo S, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Fasshauer M. Serum levels of irisin in gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and after delivery. Cytokine 2013; 65:153-8. [PMID: 24355429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Irisin has recently been introduced as a novel an exercise-inducible myokine which improves glucose metabolism in mice. However, regulation of circulating irisin in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and in the peripartal period has not been assessed so far. METHODS Circulating irisin was quantified in 74 GDM patients and in 74 healthy, pregnant, gestational age-matched controls. In a subset of these patients (44 GDM, 41 controls), postpartum follow-up data were also available. In a second study population of 40 healthy women with singleton pregnancies undergoing elective Cesarean section, irisin was assessed in maternal serum before and within 24h after delivery, as well as in umbilical cord blood and in placental tissue. RESULTS In the first study population, median [interquartile range] irisin levels were significantly higher in GDM patients as compared to controls after delivery (previous GDM: 446.3 [146.9]μg/l; controls: 378.0 [111.4]μg/l) but not during pregnancy (GDM: 482.1 [132.1]μg/l; controls: 466.6 [178.0]μg/l). Interestingly, fasting insulin (FI) was independently and positively associated with serum irisin in multivariate analysis during pregnancy. In agreement with these findings, relative changes (ratio) of FI independently and positively predicted relative changes of irisin (ratio) in the second study population. CONCLUSIONS The myokine irisin is independently associated with FI in pregnancy. The physiological significance of these findings needs to be assessed in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ebert
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Holger Stepan
- University of Leipzig, Department of Obstetrics, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Schrey
- University of Leipzig, Department of Obstetrics, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susan Kralisch
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janka Hindricks
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Hopf
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Platz
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lossner
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate Jessnitzer
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sascha Drewlo
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Medical School, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Matthias Blüher
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Fasshauer
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Lee P, Linderman J, Smith S, Brychta RJ, Perron R, Idelson C, Werner CD, Chen KY, Celi FS. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and bone: is there a relationship in humans? Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:3053-7. [PMID: 23912560 PMCID: PMC6314482 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In animals, high fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) states improve insulin resistance but induce bone loss. Whether FGF21 relates to bone mineral density (BMD) is unknown in humans. Contrary to prediction from animal findings, we found higher FGF21 levels associating with greater BMD in women, independent of age and body composition. INTRODUCTION Recent laboratory studies suggest that FGF21 is involved in reciprocal regulation of bone and energy homeostasis. Systemic administration of FGF21 protects animals from obesity and diabetes but causes severe bone loss, smothering the enthusiasm over FGF21 as a potential antiobesity therapeutic. To date, there is no information on whether FGF21 relates to BMD in humans. We thus studied the relationship between plasma FGF21 levels and BMD in healthy adults. METHODS Fasting plasma FGF21 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Among 40 healthy volunteers (age 32 ± 10 year, 16 women), men had significantly higher lean body mass (p < 0.01) and total BMD (p < 0.05), and lower percent body fat than women (p < 0.01). Median plasma FGF21 levels were not different between the sexes. While there was no association between FGF21 concentrations and body composition in men, FGF21 levels correlated positively with fat mass (p < 0.01) in women. In men, no significant correlation between FGF21 with BMD was observed. However, in women, FGF21 correlated positively with total BMD (R (2) = 0.69, p = 0.003) and spine BMD (R (2) = 0.76, p = 0.001); the correlation remained significant after adjusting for age, ethnicity, and body composition. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals for the first time a strong positive association between plasma FGF21 levels and BMD in healthy women, suggesting the association between bone loss and high FGF21 states in animals may not be directly translated to humans in physiologic states. We hypothesize that FGF21 may increase bone mass particularly in women through paracrine mechanisms in the bone-adipose interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lee
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10, CRC, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA,
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Abstract
White adipose tissue is recognized as both a site of energy storage and an endocrine organ that produces a myriad of endocrine factors called adipokines. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the main site of nonshivering thermogenesis in mammals. The amount and activity of brown adipocytes are associated with protection against obesity and associated metabolic alterations. These effects of BAT are traditionally attributed to its capacity for the oxidation of fatty acids and glucose to sustain thermogenesis. However, recent data suggest that the beneficial effects of BAT could involve a previously unrecognized endocrine role through the release of endocrine factors. Several signaling molecules with endocrine properties have been found to be released by brown fat, especially under conditions of thermogenic activation. Moreover, experimental BAT transplantation has been shown to improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity mainly by influencing hepatic and cardiac function. It has been proposed that these effects are due to the release of endocrine factors by brown fat, such as insulin-like growth factor I, interleukin-6, or fibroblast growth factor-21. Further research is needed to determine whether brown fat plays an endocrine role and, if so, to comprehensively identify which endocrine factors are released by BAT. Such research may reveal novel clues for the observed association between brown adipocyte activity and a healthy metabolic profile, and it could also enlarge a current view of potential therapeutic tools for obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
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Abstract
To clarify the effect of fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) on islet transplantation, a suboptimal number of islets were transplanted into streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice with or without FGF-21 treatment. Three-day treatment with FGF-21 contributed to restoration of normoglycemia by suppressing islet graft loss. The FGF-21-treated mice showed lower glycemic levels despite similar insulin content in the graft than that in untreated mice on day 3, indicating that FGF-21 not only has a cytoprotective effect but also decreases β-cell load by increasing insulin sensitivity. These results suggest that FGF-21 may be useful as a treatment to improve islet engraftment rates in clinical islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Uonaga
- Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Kentaro Toyoda
- Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Teru Okitsu
- Transplantation Unit; Kyoto University Hospital; Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xiaotong Zhuang
- Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamane
- Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Surgery; Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
- CREST of Japan Science and Technology (JST); Kyoto, Japan
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