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Fan MH, Pi JK, Zou CY, Jiang YL, Li QJ, Zhang XZ, Xing F, Nie R, Han C, Xie HQ. Hydrogel-exosome system in tissue engineering: A promising therapeutic strategy. Bioact Mater 2024; 38:1-30. [PMID: 38699243 PMCID: PMC11061651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Characterized by their pivotal roles in cell-to-cell communication, cell proliferation, and immune regulation during tissue repair, exosomes have emerged as a promising avenue for "cell-free therapy" in clinical applications. Hydrogels, possessing commendable biocompatibility, degradability, adjustability, and physical properties akin to biological tissues, have also found extensive utility in tissue engineering and regenerative repair. The synergistic combination of exosomes and hydrogels holds the potential not only to enhance the efficiency of exosomes but also to collaboratively advance the tissue repair process. This review has summarized the advancements made over the past decade in the research of hydrogel-exosome systems for regenerating various tissues including skin, bone, cartilage, nerves and tendons, with a focus on the methods for encapsulating and releasing exosomes within the hydrogels. It has also critically examined the gaps and limitations in current research, whilst proposed future directions and potential applications of this innovative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Jin-Kui Pi
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Chen-Yu Zou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yan-Lin Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Qian-Jin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Rong Nie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Chen Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
- Frontier Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610212, PR China
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Moghassemi S, Dadashzadeh A, Sousa MJ, Vlieghe H, Yang J, León-Félix CM, Amorim CA. Extracellular vesicles in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine: A review over the last decade. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:126-156. [PMID: 38450204 PMCID: PMC10915394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are known to be secreted by a vast majority of cells. These sEVs, specifically exosomes, induce specific cell-to-cell interactions and can activate signaling pathways in recipient cells through fusion or interaction. These nanovesicles possess several desirable properties, making them ideal for regenerative medicine and nanomedicine applications. These properties include exceptional stability, biocompatibility, wide biodistribution, and minimal immunogenicity. However, the practical utilization of sEVs, particularly in clinical settings and at a large scale, is hindered by the expensive procedures required for their isolation, limited circulation lifetime, and suboptimal targeting capacity. Despite these challenges, sEVs have demonstrated a remarkable ability to accommodate various cargoes and have found extensive applications in the biomedical sciences. To overcome the limitations of sEVs and broaden their potential applications, researchers should strive to deepen their understanding of current isolation, loading, and characterization techniques. Additionally, acquiring fundamental knowledge about sEVs origins and employing state-of-the-art methodologies in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine can expand the sEVs research scope. This review provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art exosome-based strategies in diverse nanomedicine domains, encompassing cancer therapy, immunotherapy, and biomarker applications. Furthermore, we emphasize the immense potential of exosomes in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanne Vlieghe
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jie Yang
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cecibel María León-Félix
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christiani A. Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Zhang X, Huang J, Zhao J, Li L, Miao F, Zhang T, Chen Z, Zhou X, Tai Z, Zhu Q. Exosome-mimetic vesicles derived from fibroblasts carrying matrine for wound healing. Burns Trauma 2024; 12:tkae015. [PMID: 38752203 PMCID: PMC11095412 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Chronic skin wounds are a leading cause of hospital admissions and reduced life expectancy among older people and individuals with diabetes. Delayed wound healing is often attributed to a series of cellular abnormalities. Matrine, a well-studied component found in Sophora flavescens, is recognized for its anti-inflammatory effects. However, its impact on wound healing still remains uncertain. This study aims to explore the potential of matrine in promoting wound healing. Methods In this study, we utilized gradient extrusion to produce fibroblast-derived exosome-mimetic vesicles as carriers for matrine (MHEM). MHEM were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis. The therapeutic effect of MHEM in wound healing was explored in vitro and in vivo. Results Both matrine and MHEM enhanced the cellular activity as well as the migration of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The potent anti-inflammatory effect of matrine diluted the inflammatory response in the vicinity of wounds. Furthermore, MHEM worked together to promote angiogenesis and the expression of transforming growth factor β and collagen I. MHEM contained growth factors of fibroblasts that regulated the functions of fibroblasts, keratinocytes and monocytes, which synergistically promoted wound healing with the anti-inflammatory effect of matrine. Conclusions MHEM showed enhanced therapeutic efficacy in the inflammatory microenvironment, for new tissue formation and angiogenesis of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Jiahua Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai 201500, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 26 Shengli Street, Wuhan 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Lisha Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Fengze Miao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Tingrui Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Chunrong West Road, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
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Cao H, Wang J, Hao Z, Zhao D. Gelatin-based biomaterials and gelatin as an additive for chronic wound repair. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1398939. [PMID: 38751781 PMCID: PMC11094280 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1398939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Disturbing or disrupting the regular healing process of a skin wound may result in its progression to a chronic state. Chronic wounds often lead to increased infection because of their long healing time, malnutrition, and insufficient oxygen flow, subsequently affecting wound progression. Gelatin-the main structure of natural collagen-is widely used in biomedical fields because of its low cost, wide availability, biocompatibility, and degradability. However, gelatin may exhibit diverse tailored physical properties and poor antibacterial activity. Research on gelatin-based biomaterials has identified the challenges of improving gelatin's poor antibacterial properties and low mechanical properties. In chronic wounds, gelatin-based biomaterials can promote wound hemostasis, enhance peri-wound antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and promote vascular and epithelial cell regeneration. In this article, we first introduce the natural process of wound healing. Second, we present the role of gelatin-based biomaterials and gelatin as an additive in wound healing. Finally, we present the future implications of gelatin-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingren Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhanying Hao
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- Department of emergency Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Esmaeilzadeh A, Yeganeh PM, Nazari M, Esmaeilzadeh K. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles: a new-generation nanostructured tool for chronic wound healing. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:915-941. [PMID: 38445377 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic nonhealing wounds pose a serious challenge to regaining skin function and integrity. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are nanostructured particles with the potential to promote wound healing since they can enhance neovascularization and cell migration and reduce inflammation and scarring. This work provides an innovative overview of the technical laboratory issues in PEV production, PEVs' role in chronic wound healing and the benefits and challenges in its clinical translation. The article also explores the challenges of proper sourcing, extraction techniques and storage conditions, and discusses the necessity of further evaluations and combinational therapeutics, including dressing biomaterials, M2-derived exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles and microneedle technology, to boost their therapeutic efficacy as advanced strategies for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, 77978-45157, Iran
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, 77978-45157, Iran
| | | | - Mahdis Nazari
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, 77978-45157, Iran
| | - Kimia Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, 77978-45157, Iran
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Wu Q, Guo Y, Li H, Zhang D, Wang S, Hou J, Cheng N, Huang M, Luo L, Li Y, Zhao Y, Tan H, Jin C. Recombinant human collagen I/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel loaded with long-term released hUCMSCs derived exosomes promotes skin wound repair. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130843. [PMID: 38484819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell exosomes are beneficial in accelerating wound repair. However, the therapeutic function is limited due to its rapid clearance in vivo. To improve the functionality of exosomes in cutaneous wound healing, a novel hydrogel was designed and fabricated by recombinant human collagen I and carboxymethyl chitosan loaded with exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs), named as the rhCol I/CMC-Exos hydrogel. METHODS Exosomes were extracted from hUCMSCs and were characterizated by TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), and biomarker detection. The rhCol I hydrogel, rhCol I/carboxymethyl chitosan (rhCol I/CMC) hydrogel and the rhCol I/CMC-Exos hydrogel composites were cross-linked by genipin. These materials were assessed and compared for their physical characteristics, including cross-sectional morphology, porosity, pore distribution, and hydrophilicity. Cell biocompatibility on biomaterials was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and CFDA staining, as well as assessed in vivo through histological examination of major organs in mice. Effects of the hydrogel composite on wound healing were further evaluated by using the full-thickness skin defect mice model. RESULTS Successful extraction of hUCMSCs-derived exosomes was confirmed by TEM,Western Blotting and flow cytometry. The synthesized rhCol I/CMC-Exos hydrogel composite exhibited cytocompatibility and promoted cell growth in vitro. The rhCol I/CMC-Exos hydrogel showed sustained release of exosomes. In the mice full skin-defects model, the rhCol I/CMC-Exos-treated group showed superior wound healing efficiency, with 15 % faster wound closure compared to controls. Histological examinations revealed thicker dermis formation and more balanced collagen deposition in wounds treated with rhCol I/CMC-Exos hydrogel. Mechanistically, the application of rhCol I/CMC-Exos hydrogel increased fibroblasts proliferation, alleviated inflammation responses as well as promoted angiogenesis, thereby was beneficial in promoting skin wound healing and regeneration. CONCLUSION Our study, for the first time, introduced recombinant human Collagen I in fabricating a novel hydrogel loaded with hUCMSCs-derived exosomes, which effectively promoted skin wound closure and regeneration, demonstrating a great potential in severe skin wound healing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Yayuan Guo
- School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Hongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Shixu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Jianing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Nanqiong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Mengfei Huang
- Shanghai Shengran Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Linna Luo
- Shaanxi HuiKang Bio-Tech Co., LTD, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- Shaanxi HuiKang Bio-Tech Co., LTD, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- Shaanxi Center for Drug and Vaccine Inspection, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Hong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China.
| | - Changxin Jin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Si C, Gao J, Ma X. Engineered exosomes in emerging cell-free therapy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1382398. [PMID: 38595822 PMCID: PMC11003191 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1382398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery and use of exosomes ushered in a new era of cell-free therapy. Exosomes are a subgroup of extracellular vesicles that show great potential in disease treatment. Engineered exosomes. with their improved functions have attracted intense interests of their application in translational medicine research. However, the technology of engineering exosomes still faces many challenges which have been the great limitation for their clinical application. This review summarizes the current status of research on engineered exosomes and the difficulties encountered in recent years, with a view to providing new approaches and ideas for future exosome modification and new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianen Gao
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Jiang X, Ma J, Xue K, Chen J, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Wang K, Yao Z, Hu Q, Lin C, Lei B, Mao C. Highly Bioactive MXene-M2-Exosome Nanocomposites Promote Angiogenic Diabetic Wound Repair through Reconstructing High Glucose-Derived Immune Inhibition. ACS Nano 2024; 18:4269-4286. [PMID: 38270104 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The repair of diabetic wounds remains challenging, primarily due to the high-glucose-derived immune inhibition which often leads to the excessive inflammatory response, impaired angiogenesis, and heightened susceptibility to infection. However, the means to reduce the immunosuppression and regulate the conversion of M2 phenotype macrophages under a high-glucose microenvironment using advanced biomaterials for diabetic wounds are not yet fully understood. Herein, we report two-dimensional carbide (MXene)-M2 macrophage exosome (Exo) nanohybrids (FM-Exo) for promoting diabetic wound repair by overcoming the high-glucose-derived immune inhibition. FM-Exo showed the sustained release of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2-Exo) up to 7 days and exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. In the high-glucose microenvironment, relative to the single Exo, FM-Exo could significantly induce the optimized M2a/M2c polarization ratio of macrophages by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, promoting the proliferation, migration of fibroblasts, and angiogenic ability of endothelial cells. In the diabetic full-thickness wound model, FM-Exo effectively regulated the polarization status of macrophages and promoted their transition to the M2 phenotype, thereby inhibiting inflammation, promoting angiogenesis through VEGF secretion, and improving proper collagen deposition. As a result, the healing process was accelerated, leading to a better healing outcome with reduced scarring. Therefore, this study introduced a promising approach to address diabetic wounds by developing bioactive nanomaterials to regulate immune inhibition in a high-glucose environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, 322100, China
| | - Junping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Kaikai Xue
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jinghao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Guojian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Kangyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zhe Yao
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qing Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333001, China
| | - Cai Lin
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Cong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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Chen Z, Xiong M, Tian J, Song D, Duan S, Zhang L. Encapsulation and assessment of therapeutic cargo in engineered exosomes: a systematic review. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:18. [PMID: 38172932 PMCID: PMC10765779 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane containing various biologically active cargoes such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Engineered exosomes generated through genetic modification of parent cells show promise as drug delivery vehicles, and they have been demonstrated to have great therapeutic potential for treating cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, and immune diseases, but systematic knowledge is lacking regarding optimization of drug loading and assessment of delivery efficacy. This review summarizes current approaches for engineering exosomes and evaluating their drug delivery effects, and current techniques for assessing exosome drug loading and release kinetics, cell targeting, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic outcomes are critically examined. Additionally, this review synthesizes the latest applications of exosome engineering and drug delivery in clinical translation. The knowledge compiled in this review provides a framework for the rational design and rigorous assessment of exosomes as therapeutics. Continued advancement of robust characterization methods and reporting standards will accelerate the development of exosome engineering technologies and pave the way for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250001, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Jinan, 250001, China
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Min Xiong
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Jiaqi Tian
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250001, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Jinan, 250001, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250001, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Jinan, 250001, China
| | - Shuyin Duan
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250001, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Jinan, 250001, China.
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Zhang S, Yang L, Liu J, Li H, Hong S, Hong L. Microneedle systems: cell, exosome, and nucleic acid based strategies. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7018-7033. [PMID: 37779477 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01103h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Cells, exosomes, and nucleic acids play crucial roles in biomedical engineering, holding substantial clinical potential. However, their utility is often hindered by various drawbacks, including cellular immunogenicity, and instability of exosomes and nucleic acids. In recent years, microneedle (MN) technology has revolutionized drug delivery by offering minimal invasiveness and remarkable versatility. MN has emerged as an ideal platform for the extraction, storage, and delivery of these biological components. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the historical progression and recent advances in the field of MN. Specifically, it highlights the current applications of cell-, exosome-, and nucleic acid-based MN systems, while presenting prevailing research challenges. Additionally, the review provides insights into the prospects of MN in this area, aiming to provide new ideas for researchers and facilitate the clinical translation of MN technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lian Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hanyue Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shasha Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Xu X, Xu L, Wen C, Xia J, Zhang Y, Liang Y. Programming assembly of biomimetic exosomes: An emerging theranostic nanomedicine platform. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100760. [PMID: 37636982 PMCID: PMC10450992 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have emerged as a promising cell-free therapeutic approach. However, challenges in large-scale production, quality control, and heterogeneity must be overcome before they can be used clinically. Biomimetic exosomes containing key components of natural exosomes have been assembled through extrusion, artificial synthesis, and liposome fusion to address these limitations. These exosome-mimetics (EMs) possess similar morphology and function but provide higher yields, faster large-scale production, and similar size compared to conventional exosomes. This article provides an overview of the chemical and biological properties of various synthetic exosome systems, including nanovesicles (NVs), EMs, and hybrid exosomes. We highlight recent advances in the production and applications of nanobiotechnology and discuss the advantages, limitations, and potential clinical applications of programming assembly of exosome mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China
| | - Limei Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China
| | - Caining Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuanmin Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
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Csobonyeiova M, Smolinska V, Harsanyi S, Ivantysyn M, Klein M. The Immunomodulatory Role of Cell-Free Approaches in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cytokine Storm-A Powerful Therapeutic Tool for COVID-19 Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1736. [PMID: 37371831 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is still no effective and definitive cure for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the infection of the novel highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV-2), whose sudden outbreak was recorded for the first time in China in late December 2019. Soon after, COVID-19 affected not only the vast majority of China's population but the whole world and caused a global health public crisis as a new pandemic. It is well known that viral infection can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and, in severe cases, can even be lethal. Behind the inflammatory process lies the so-called cytokine storm (CS), which activates various inflammatory cytokines that damage numerous organ tissues. Since the first outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, various research groups have been intensively trying to investigate the best treatment options; however, only limited outcomes have been achieved. One of the most promising strategies represents using either stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)/induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), or, more recently, using cell-free approaches involving conditioned media (CMs) and their content, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) (e.g., exosomes or miRNAs) derived from stem cells. As key mediators of intracellular communication, exosomes carry a cocktail of different molecules with anti-inflammatory effects and immunomodulatory capacity. Our comprehensive review outlines the complex inflammatory process responsible for the CS, summarizes the present results of cell-free-based pre-clinical and clinical studies for COVID-19 treatment, and discusses their future perspectives for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Csobonyeiova
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Apel, Dunajská 52, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Regenmed Ltd., Medená 29, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Smolinska
- Regenmed Ltd., Medená 29, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stefan Harsanyi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Martin Klein
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
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