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Peng L, Jurca B, Garcia-Baldovi A, Tian L, Sastre G, Primo A, Parvulescu V, Dhakshinamoorthy A, Garcia H. Nanometric Cu-ZnO Particles Supported on N-Doped Graphitic Carbon as Catalysts for the Selective CO 2 Hydrogenation to Methanol. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:476. [PMID: 38470804 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The quest for efficient catalysts based on abundant elements that can promote the selective CO2 hydrogenation to green methanol still continues. Most of the reported catalysts are based on Cu/ZnO supported in inorganic oxides, with not much progress with respect to the benchmark Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst. The use of carbon supports for Cu/ZnO particles is much less explored in spite of the favorable strong metal support interaction that these doped carbons can establish. This manuscript reports the preparation of a series of Cu-ZnO@(N)C samples consisting of Cu/ZnO particles embedded within a N-doped graphitic carbon with a wide range of Cu/Zn atomic ratio. The preparation procedure relies on the transformation of chitosan, a biomass waste, into N-doped graphitic carbon by pyrolysis, which establishes a strong interaction with Cu nanoparticles (NPs) formed simultaneously by Cu2+ salt reduction during the graphitization. Zn2+ ions are subsequently added to the Cu-graphene material by impregnation. All the Cu/ZnO@(N)C samples promote methanol formation in the CO2 hydrogenation at temperatures from 200 to 300 °C, with the temperature increasing CO2 conversion and decreasing methanol selectivity. The best performing Cu-ZnO@(N)C sample achieves at 300 °C a CO2 conversion of 23% and a methanol selectivity of 21% that is among the highest reported, particularly for a carbon-based support. DFT calculations indicate the role of pyridinic N doping atoms stabilizing the Cu/ZnO NPs and supporting the formate pathway as the most likely reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Peng
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Av. De los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Bogdan Jurca
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, B-dul Regina Elisabeta 4-12, 030016 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alberto Garcia-Baldovi
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Av. De los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Liang Tian
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Av. De los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - German Sastre
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Av. De los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Primo
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Av. De los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vasile Parvulescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, B-dul Regina Elisabeta 4-12, 030016 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Hermenegildo Garcia
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Av. De los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Dhakshinamoorthy A, Navalón S, Primo A, García H. Selective Gas-Phase Hydrogenation of CO 2 to Methanol Catalysed by Metal-Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311241. [PMID: 37815860 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Large scale production of green CH3 OH obtained from CO2 and green H2 is a highly wanted process due to the role of CH3 OH as H2 /energy carrier and for producing chemicals. Starting with a short summary of the advantages of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as catalysts in liquid-phase reactions, the present article highlights the opportunities that MOFs may offer also for some gas-phase reactions, particularly for the selective CO2 hydrogenation to CH3 OH. It is commented that there is a temperature compatibility window that combines the thermal stability of some MOFs with the temperature required in the CO2 hydrogenation to CH3 OH that frequently ranges from 250 to 300 °C. The existing literature in this area is briefly organized according to the role of MOF as providing the active sites or as support of active metal nanoparticles (NPs). Emphasis is made to show how the flexibility in design and synthesis of MOFs can be used to enhance the catalytic activity by adjusting the composition of the nodes and the structure of the linkers. The influence of structural defects and material crystallinity, as well as the role that should play theoretical calculations in models have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarajothi Dhakshinamoorthy
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sergio Navalón
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Ana Primo
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Química, CSIC-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Hermenegildo García
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Química, CSIC-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
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Gahtori J, Kaishyop J, Singh G, Khan TS, Vicentin FC, Rocha TCR, Bordoloi A. Boosting the methanol selectivity in CO 2 hydrogenation over a MOF-derived CuZn@CN catalyst via Rb incorporation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12475-12478. [PMID: 37782483 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03817c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The highly selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol has been achieved through the simultaneous utilization of alkali metals and Co as promoters over Cu-Zn@CN catalysts derived from MOF. Rb facilitates the dissociation of CO2 in the aqueous phase at relatively mild conditions to yield methanol with a selectivity of 89%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gahtori
- Light Stock Processing Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Jyotishman Kaishyop
- Light Stock Processing Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Gaje Singh
- Light Stock Processing Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Tuhin S Khan
- Light Stock Processing Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Flavio C Vicentin
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research on Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Tulio C R Rocha
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research on Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Ankur Bordoloi
- Light Stock Processing Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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Zhu Y, Mu Y, Sun L, Zeng Z, Liu Z. Mechanistic study on the formation of the alkyl acrylates from CO 2, ethylene and alkyl iodides over nickel-based catalyst. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24733-24744. [PMID: 37670665 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02943c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) and olefins into acrylates has been a long standing target, because society attempts to synthesize commodity chemicals in a more economical and sustainable fashion. In this work, two alkylation reaction pathways were investigated to explore the role of methylene linkage (-CH2-) on the formation of alkyl acrylate from coupling of CO2 and ethylene, catalyzed by a nickel catalyst in the presence of different alkyl iodides. The energy barrier of Ni-O bond cleavage decreases with increasing methylene linkage of alkyl iodides, which may be due to NPA charge transfer of alkyl iodides. Meanwhile, the O1 (ester sp3 O atom) attack route leading to the formation of alkyl acrylate competes with the O2 (carboxylic sp2 O atom) attack route in terms of energy barriers. Further studies on the fluoro-substituted alkyl acrylates show that neither CF3I nor CF3CH2I is effective in releasing trifluoroalkyl acrylates from the nickellacycle, which explains why only negligible amounts of the desired product were detected in the experiment. In addition, we investigated the non-productive pathways leading to byproducts, such as propionic acid, propionates and ion pair complexes, etc. By comparing the results obtained with CH3I, the use of C2H5I as an electrophilic reagent may stabilize the non-productive intermediates. The methylene linkage has little effect on the main productive pathway. However, it has a significant influence on the side reactions, which is detrimental to the formation of alkyl acrylate in competing with the main productive pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcai Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yue Mu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Li Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zuoxiang Zeng
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Sankaran K. Renewable Methanol from Industrial Carbon Emissions: A Dead End or Sustainable Way Forward? ACS Omega 2023; 8:29189-29201. [PMID: 37599969 PMCID: PMC10433353 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
As the urgency to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 intensifies, industries face an imperative to reimagine their role in the fight against climate change. One promising avenue arises from the realization that industrial emissions, often deemed pollutants, can be the building blocks of a circular economy strategy. By directly utilizing these carbon emissions as raw materials, we can produce net-zero or low-carbon fuels, carbonates, polymers, and chemicals. At the heart of this paradigm shift lies the production of carbon-neutral methanol from industrial flue gas-a technically viable approach that has gained significant momentum in recent years. The conditions under which such a circular economy model for producing renewable methanol becomes commercially sustainable based on realistic constraints, however, are not sufficiently explored in the existing literature. This paper fills this gap by investigating if and when net-zero methanol production from industrial flue gas will be a sustainable long-term strategy. Using detailed technoeconomic modeling of integrated hydrogen and methanol production ecosystems for two production capacities, I will evaluate 32 practical production scenarios using realistic regulatory, economic, and market conditions. Even though renewable methanol from industrial emissions can be a viable technical solution to address climate change and global warming, I will show why this strategy will be commercially feasible only under favorable economic, regulatory, and market conditions. Furthermore, I will demonstrate how the market price of methanol and the cost of carbon-free electricity critically influence the commercial feasibility of this approach. When these two parameters are unfavorable, I will show why other factors, namely, carbon credits and byproduct (oxygen) sales, will not be sufficient to create an economically sustainable circular economy of renewable methanol from industrial emissions. Finally, I will provide arguments on why one has to think through stakeholder cooperation and public-private partnerships to mitigate various project risks. Despite the importance of this topic, it is not sufficiently covered in the available scientific literature. To advance policy and regulatory frameworks in this area, I strongly believe that further research and development is needed. I will also share perspectives on regulatory derisking mechanisms, which can help align regulations with private investors' preferences. With the analyses and arguments showcased in this paper, I will firmly assert that without favorable conditions, strong partnerships, and stakeholder cooperation, the production of renewable net-zero methanol from industrial emissions risks becoming a dead-end strategy.
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Goksu A, Li H, Liu J, Duyar MS. Nanoreactor Engineering Can Unlock New Possibilities for CO 2 Tandem Catalytic Conversion to C-C Coupled Products. Glob Chall 2023; 7:2300004. [PMID: 37287598 PMCID: PMC10242537 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is becoming increasingly more pronounced every day while the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere continues to rise. CO2 reduction to valuable chemicals is an approach that has gathered substantial attention as a means to recycle these gases. Herein, some of the tandem catalysis approaches that can be used to achieve the transformation of CO2 to C-C coupled products are explored, focusing especially on tandem catalytic schemes where there is a big opportunity to improve performance by designing effective catalytic nanoreactors. Recent reviews have highlighted the technical challenges and opportunities for advancing tandem catalysis, especially highlighting the need for elucidating structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of reaction through theoretical and in situ/operando characterization techniques. In this review, the focus is on nanoreactor synthesis strategies as a critical research direction, and discusses these in the context of two main tandem pathways (CO-mediated pathway and Methanol-mediated pathway) to C-C coupled products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Goksu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7XHUnited Kingdom
| | - Haitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of CatalysisDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of CatalysisDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
| | - Melis S. Duyar
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7XHUnited Kingdom
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Hussain I, Alasiri H, Ullah Khan W, Alhooshani K. Advanced electrocatalytic technologies for conversion of carbon dioxide into methanol by electrochemical reduction: Recent progress and future perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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8
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Li C, Ji Y, Wang Y, Liu C, Chen Z, Tang J, Hong Y, Li X, Zheng T, Jiang Q, Xia C. Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives in Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction. Nanomicro Lett 2023; 15:113. [PMID: 37121938 PMCID: PMC10149437 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemically reducing CO2 to more reduced chemical species is a promising way that not only enables the conversion of intermittent energy resources to stable fuels, but also helps to build a closed-loop anthropogenic carbon cycle. Among various electrocatalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction, multifunctional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been employed as highly efficient and selective heterogeneous electrocatalysts due to their ultrahigh porosity and topologically diverse structures. Up to now, great progress has been achieved in the design and synthesis of highly active and selective MOF-related catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), and their corresponding reaction mechanisms have been thoroughly studied. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of applying MOFs and their derivatives in CO2RR, with a focus on the design strategies for electrocatalysts and electrolyzers. We first discussed the reaction mechanisms for different CO2RR products and introduced the commonly applied electrolyzer configurations in the current CO2RR system. Then, an overview of several categories of products (CO, HCOOH, CH4, CH3OH, and multi-carbon chemicals) generated from MOFs or their derivatives via CO2RR was discussed. Finally, we offer some insights and perspectives for the future development of MOFs and their derivatives in electrochemical CO2 reduction. We aim to provide new insights into this field and further guide future research for large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ji
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Youpeng Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Tang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Hong
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Jiang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuan Xia
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental and Energy Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China.
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Moioli E, Schildhauer T. Tailoring the Reactor Properties in the Small‐Scale Sorption‐Enhanced Methanol Synthesis. CHEM-ING-TECH 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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10
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Kanuri S, Vinodkumar JD, Datta SP, Chakraborty C, Roy S, Singh SA, Dinda S. Methanol synthesis from CO2 via hydrogenation route: Thermodynamics and process development with techno-economic feasibility analysis. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1302-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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11
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Xie S, Li Z, Li H, Fang Y. Integration of carbon capture with heterogeneous catalysis toward methanol production: chemistry, challenges, and opportunities. Catalysis Reviews 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2023.2166720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqu Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoxi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hengde Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxiong Fang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang L, Men Y, Wu B, Feng Y, Song C, Liu S, Wang J, An W, Magkoev TT. Highly Ethylene-Selective Electroreduction CO2 Over Cu Phosphate Nanostructures with Tunable Morphology. Top Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-023-01783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Gupta PK, Kumar V, Maity S, Datta S, Kishore Gupta G. A Review on Conversion of Biomass to Liquid Fuels and Methanol through Indirect Liquefaction Route. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavan K. Gupta
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (Digwadih), PO: FRI, Dhanbad- 828108 Jharkhand India
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad 826004 India
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad 826004 India
| | - Sudip Maity
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (Digwadih), PO: FRI, Dhanbad- 828108 Jharkhand India
| | - Sudipta Datta
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (Digwadih), PO: FRI, Dhanbad- 828108 Jharkhand India
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Ranjan P, Saptal VB, Bera JK. Recent Advances in Carbon Dioxide Adsorption, Activation and Hydrogenation to Methanol using Transition Metal Carbides. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202201183. [PMID: 36036640 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The inevitable emission of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) due to the burning of a substantial amount of fossil fuels has led to serious energy and environmental challenges. Metal-based catalytic CO2 transformations into commodity chemicals are a favorable approach in the CO2 mitigation strategy. Among these transformations, selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol is the most promising process that not only fulfils the energy demands but also re-balances the carbon cycle. The investigation of CO2 adsorption on the surface of heterogeneous catalyst is highly important because the formation of various intermediates which determines the selectivity of product. Transition metal carbides (TMCs) have received considerable attention in recent years because of their noble metal-like reactivity, ceramic-like properties, high chemical and thermal stability. These features make them excellent catalytic materials for a variety of transformations such as CO2 adsorption and its conversion into value-added chemicals. Herein, the catalytic properties of TMCs are summarize along with synthetic methods, CO2 binding modes, mechanistic studies, effects of dopant on CO2 adsorption, and carbon/metal ratio in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction to methanol using computational as well as experimental studies. Additionally, this Review provides an outline of the challenges and opportunities for the development of potential TMCs in CO2 hydrogenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabodh Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Vitthal B Saptal
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Jitendra K Bera
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
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Fujiwara N, Tada S, Kikuchi R. Direct conversion of carbon dioxide and steam into hydrocarbons and oxygenates using solid acid electrolysis cells. iScience 2022; 25:105381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Kim Y, Kim KJ, Song Y, Lee YL, Roh HS, Na K. Highly CO-selective Ni–MgO–CexZr1–xO2 catalyst for efficient low-temperature reverse water–gas shift reaction. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shi T, Men Y, Liu S, Wang J, Li Z, Qin K, Tian D, An W, Pan X, Li L. Engineering the crystal facets of Pt/In2O3 catalysts for high-efficiency methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Pajares A, Liu X, Busacker JR, Ramírez de la Piscina P, Homs N. Supported Nanostructured Mo xC Materials for the Catalytic Reduction of CO 2 through the Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:3165. [PMID: 36144954 PMCID: PMC9506042 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MoxC-based catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3, SiO2 and TiO2 were prepared, characterized and studied in the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) at 548-673 K and atmospheric pressure, using CO2:H2 = 1:1 and CO2:H2 = 1:3 mol/mol reactant mixtures. The support used determined the crystalline MoxC phases obtained and the behavior of the supported nanostructured MoxC catalysts in the RWGS. All catalysts were active in the RWGS reaction under the experimental conditions used; CO productivity per mol of Mo was always higher than that of unsupported Mo2C prepared using a similar method in the absence of support. The CO selectivity at 673 K was above 94% for all the supported catalysts, and near 99% for the SiO2-supported. The MoxC/SiO2 catalyst, which contains a mixture of hexagonal Mo2C and cubic MoC phases, exhibited the best performance for CO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Pajares
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica & Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xianyun Liu
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica & Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan R. Busacker
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica & Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Ramírez de la Piscina
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica & Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Narcís Homs
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica & Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Ye J, Yan J, Peng Y, Li F, Sun J. Metal-organic framework-based single-atom catalysts for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Saad DM, Alnouri SY. The need for speed - optimal CO hydrogenation processes selection via mixed integer linear programming. Comput Chem Eng 2022; 164:107852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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21
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Guo RT, Bi ZX, Lin ZD, Hu X, Wang J, Chen X, Pan WG. Carbon quantum dots-modified Z-scheme Bi 12O 17Cl 2/NiAl-LDH for significantly boosting photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 627:343-354. [PMID: 35863193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to high-energy products is an effective way to utilize solar energy and mitigate the greenhouse effect. In this paper, a series of CQDs/Bi12O17Cl2/NiAl-LDH (C/BOC/LDH) photocatalysts were prepared via a one-pot hydrothermal method, demonstrated excellent photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance. In the case of only water without any photosensitizer and sacrificial agent, the CO production rate on C/0.3BOC/LDH reached 16.4 μmol·g-1h-1, which is 6.7 times higher than that of the original LDH. The construction of Z-scheme heterojunctions inhibited the recombination of electrons with holes. The unique up-conversion PL behavior of CQDs benefitted the absorption of energy in the NIR by the photocatalyst. This study provides meaningful assistance for the design and construction of a ternary photocatalytic system with Z-scheme heterojunction and carbon-based co-catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Tang Guo
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Non-Carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhe-Xu Bi
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Dong Lin
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Hu
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Guo Pan
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Non-Carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, Shanghai, China
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22
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Quiroz-cardoso O, Suárez V, Oros-ruiz S, Quintana M, Ramírez-rave S, Suárez-quezada M, Gómez R. Synthesis of Ni/GO-TiO2 composites for the photocatalytic hydrogen production and CO2 reduction to methanol. Top Catal. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Mihet M, Dan M, Lazar MD. CO 2 Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Graphene-Based Materials. Molecules 2022; 27:3367. [PMID: 35684305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of an increased interest in the abatement of CO2 emissions generated by industrial activities, CO2 hydrogenation processes show an important potential to be used for the production of valuable compounds (methane, methanol, formic acid, light olefins, aromatics, syngas and/or synthetic fuels), with important benefits for the decarbonization of the energy sector. However, in order to increase the efficiency of the CO2 hydrogenation processes, the selection of active and selective catalysts is of utmost importance. In this context, the interest in graphene-based materials as catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation has significantly increased in the last years. The aim of the present paper is to review and discuss the results published until now on graphene-based materials (graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, or N-dopped graphenes) used as metal-free catalysts or as catalytic support for the thermocatalytic hydrogenation of CO2. The reactions discussed in this paper are CO2 methanation, CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, CO2 transformation into formic acid, CO2 hydrogenation to high hydrocarbons, and syngas production from CO2. The discussions will focus on the effect of the support on the catalytic process, the involvement of the graphene-based support in the reaction mechanism, or the explanation of the graphene intervention in the hydrogenation process. Most of the papers emphasized the graphene’s role in dispersing and stabilizing the metal and/or oxide nanoparticles or in preventing the metal oxidation, but further investigations are needed to elucidate the actual role of graphenes and to propose reaction mechanisms.
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24
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Nestler F, Full J, Jäckle J, Linsenmeier J, Roob J, Hadrich MJ, Schaadt A. Experimental Validation of Methanol Synthesis from Steel Mill Gases Using a Miniplant Setup. CHEM-ING-TECH. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Abdalkareem Jasim S, Jade Catalan Opulencia M, Abdusalamovich Khalikov A, Kamal Abdelbasset W, Potrich E, Xu T. Investigation of reaction mechanisms of CO2 reduction to methanol by Ni-C80 and Co-Si60 catalysts. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Bi ZX, Guo RT, Hu X, Wang J, Chen X, Pan WG. Research progress on photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 based on LDH materials. Nanoscale 2022; 14:3367-3386. [PMID: 35187556 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08235c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Converting CO2 to renewable fuels or valuable carbon compounds is an effective way to solve the global warming and energy crisis. Compared with other CO2 conversion methods, photocatalytic reduction of CO2 is more energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and has a broader application prospect. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) has attracted widespread attention as a two-dimensional material, composed of metal hydroxide layers, interlayer anions and water molecules. This review briefly introduces the basic theory of photocatalysis and the mechanism of CO2 reduction. The composition and properties of LDH are introduced. The research progress on LDH in the field of photocatalytic reduction of CO2 is elaborated from six aspects: directly as a catalyst, as a precursor for a catalyst, and by modification, intercalation, supporting with other materials and construction of a heterojunction. Finally, the development prospects of LDH are put forward. This review could provide an effective reference for the development of more efficient and reasonable photocatalysts based on LDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Xu Bi
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rui-Tang Guo
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Power Generation Environment Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Hu
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei-Guo Pan
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Power Generation Environment Protection, Shanghai, China
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27
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Schlögl R. Chemische Batterien mit CO
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schlögl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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28
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Fujiwara M. Highly selective production of aromatic hydrocarbons by CO2 hydrogenation over Fe-Zn oxide + H-ZSM-5 composite catalyst. BCSJ 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fujiwara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (RICPT; Tohoku Center), 4-2-1 Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 983-8551, Japan
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29
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Abstract
Constantly increasing hydrocarbon fuel combustion along with high levels of carbon dioxide emissions has given rise to a global energy crisis and environmental alterations. Photocatalysis is an effective technique for addressing this energy and environmental crisis. Clean and renewable solar energy is a very favourable path for photocatalytic CO2 reduction to value-added products to tackle problems of energy and the environment. The synthesis of various products such as CH4, CH3OH, CO, EtOH, etc., has been expanded through the photocatalytic reduction of CO2. Among these products, methanol is one of the most important and highly versatile chemicals widely used in industry and in day-to-day life. This review emphasizes the recent progress of photocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation to CH3OH. In particular, Metal organic frameworks (MOFs), mixed-metal oxide, carbon, TiO2 and plasmonic-based nanomaterials are discussed for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methanol. Finally, a summary and perspectives on this emerging field are provided.
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30
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Tian G, Wu Y, Wu S, Huang S, Gao J. Influence of Mn and Mg oxides on the performance of In2O3 catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Chem Phys Lett 2022; 786:139173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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31
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Loh JYY, Safari M, Mao C, Viasus CJ, Eleftheriades GV, Ozin GA, Kherani NP. Near-Perfect Absorbing Copper Metamaterial for Solar Fuel Generation. Nano Lett 2021; 21:9124-9130. [PMID: 34723552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metamaterials are a new class of artificial materials that can achieve electromagnetic properties that do not occur naturally, and as such they can also be a new class of photocatalytic structures. We show that metal-based catalysts can achieve electromagnetic field amplification and broadband absorption by decoupling optical properties from the material composition as exemplified with a ZnO/Cu metamaterial surface comprising periodically arranged nanocubes. Through refractive index engineering close to the index of air, the metamaterial exhibits near-perfect 98% absorption. The combination of plasmonics and broadband absorption elevates the weak electric field intensities across the nonplasmonic absorption range. This feedback between optical excitation and plasmonic excitation dramatically enhances light-to-dark catalytic rates by up to a factor of 181 times, compared to a 3 times photoenhancement of ZnO/Cu nanoparticles or films, and with angular invariance. These results show that metamaterial catalysts can act as a singular light harvesting device that substantially enhances photocatalysis of important reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Y Y Loh
- Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Mahdi Safari
- Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Chengliang Mao
- Department of Chemistry,University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Camilo J Viasus
- Department of Chemistry,University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - George V Eleftheriades
- Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Ozin
- Department of Chemistry,University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Nazir P Kherani
- Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
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32
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Portillo A, Ateka A, Ereña J, Aguayo AT, Bilbao J. Conditions for the Joint Conversion of CO 2 and Syngas in the Direct Synthesis of Light Olefins Using In 2O 3–ZrO 2/SAPO-34 Catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 61:10365-10376. [PMID: 35915619 PMCID: PMC9335533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The conditions for
promoting the joint conversion of CO2 and syngas in the
direct synthesis of light olefins have been studied.
In addition, given the relevance for the viability of the process,
the stability of the In2O3–ZrO2/SAPO-34 (InZr/S34) catalyst has also been pursued. The CO+CO2 (COx) hydrogenation experimental
runs were conducted in a packed bed isothermal reactor under the following
conditions: 375–425 °C; 20–40 bar; space time,
1.25–20 gcatalyst h molC–1; H2/(COx) ratio in the feed,
1–3; CO2/(COx) ratio
in the feed, 0.5; time on stream (TOS), up to 24 h. Analyzing the
reaction indices (CO2 and COx conversions, yield and selectivity of olefins and paraffins, and
stability), the following have been established as suitable conditions:
400 °C, 30 bar, 5–10 gcat h molC–1, CO2/COx = 0.5, and H2/COx = 3. Under
these conditions, the catalyst is stable (after an initial period
of deactivation by coke), and olefin yield and selectivity surpass
4 and 70%, respectively, with light paraffins as byproducts. Produced
olefin yields follow propylene > ethylene > butenes. The conditions
of the process (low pressure and low H2/COx ratio) may facilitate the integration of sustainable
H2 production with PEM electrolyzers and the covalorization
of CO2 and syngas obtained from biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ander Portillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain
| | - Ainara Ateka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain
| | - Javier Ereña
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain
| | - Andres T. Aguayo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain
| | - Javier Bilbao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain
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33
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Kuusela K, Uusitalo V, Ahola J, Levänen J. The transformation of plastics production from net positive greenhouse gas emissions to net negative: An environmental sustainability assessment of CO2-based polypropylene. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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34
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Qi T, Zhao Y, Chen S, Li W, Guo X, Zhang Y, Song C. Bimetallic metal organic framework-templated synthesis of a Cu-ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst with superior methanol selectivity for CO2 hydrogenation. Molecular Catalysis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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35
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Virachotikul A, Laiwattanapaisarn N, Chainok K, Phomphrai K. Bifunctional zinc and magnesium Schiff-base complexes containing quaternary ammonium side-arms for epoxide/CO 2 coupling reactions. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12399-12403. [PMID: 34355226 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02121d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel bifunctional zinc and magnesium Schiff-base complexes containing quaternary ammonium halide side-arms were developed. Zinc complex 1Et-I (0.02 mol%) having an iodide anion has shown the highest TOF for the propylene oxide/CO2 coupling reaction of up to 459 h-1. This TOF value was maintained even when the catalyst loading was reduced to 0.005 mol%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnut Virachotikul
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand.
| | - Nattiya Laiwattanapaisarn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand.
| | - Kittipong Chainok
- Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand
| | - Khamphee Phomphrai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand. and Research Network of NANOTEC-VISTEC on Nanotechnology for Energy, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
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36
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Kleiber S, Pallua M, Siebenhofer M, Lux S. Catalytic Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol over Cu/MgO Catalysts in a Semi-Continuous Reactor. Energies 2021; 14:4319. [DOI: 10.3390/en14144319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide (CO2) may contribute to carbon capture and utilization, energy fluctuation control and the availability of CO2-neutral fuels. However, methanol synthesis is challenging due to the stringent thermodynamics. Several catalysts mainly based on the carrier material Al2O3 have been investigated. Few results on MgO as carrier material have been published. The focus of this study is the carrier material MgO. The caustic properties of MgO depend on the caustification/sintering temperature. This paper presents the first results of the activity of a Cu/MgO catalyst for the low calcining temperature of 823 K. For the chosen calcining conditions, MgO is highly active with respect to its CO2 adsorption capacity. The Cu/MgO catalyst showed good catalytic activity in CO2 hydrogenation with a high selectivity for methanol. In repeated cycles of reactant consumption and product condensation followed by reactant re-dosing, an overall relative conversion of CO2 of 76% and an overall selectivity for methanol of 59% was obtained. The maximum selectivity for methanol in a single cycle was 88%.
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38
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Nezam I, Zhou W, Gusmão GS, Realff MJ, Wang Y, Medford AJ, Jones CW. Direct aromatization of CO2 via combined CO2 hydrogenation and zeolite-based acid catalysis. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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39
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Abazari R, Sanati S, Morsali A, Kirillov AM, Slawin AMZ, Carpenter-Warren CL. Simultaneous Presence of Open Metal Sites and Amine Groups on a 3D Dy(III)-Metal–Organic Framework Catalyst for Mild and Solvent-Free Conversion of CO2 to Cyclic Carbonates. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2056-2067. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abazari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-175, Iran
| | - Soheila Sanati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-175, Iran
| | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-175, Iran
| | - Alexander M. Kirillov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenido Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya strasse, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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40
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Tripathi K, Singh R, Pant KK. Tailoring the Physicochemical Properties of Mg Promoted Catalysts via One Pot Non-ionic Surfactant Assisted Co-precipitation Route for CO2 Co-feeding Syngas to Methanol. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-020-01410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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41
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Sharma P, Sebastian J, Ghosh S, Creaser D, Olsson L. Recent advances in hydrogenation of CO2 into hydrocarbons via methanol intermediate over heterogeneous catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01913e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review provides recent advances in the conversion of CO2 to methanol, methanol to hydrocarbons, and direct conversion of CO2 to hydrocarbons via methanol intermediate over various monofunctional and bifunctional solid catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Competence Centre for Catalysis
- Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Joby Sebastian
- Competence Centre for Catalysis
- Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Sreetama Ghosh
- Competence Centre for Catalysis
- Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Derek Creaser
- Competence Centre for Catalysis
- Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Louise Olsson
- Competence Centre for Catalysis
- Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
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42
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Abstract
Efficient conversion of methanol to hydrogen gas and formate with an appreciably high TOF and TON is achieved over the in situ generated ruthenium catalyst in water at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K. Awasthi
- Catalysis Group, Discipline of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore 453552
- India
| | - Rohit K. Rai
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Silke Behrens
- Institut für Katalyseforschung und – Technologie (IKFT)
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Sanjay K. Singh
- Catalysis Group, Discipline of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore 453552
- India
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43
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Dongil AB, Conesa JM, Pastor-Pérez L, Sepúlveda-Escribano A, Guerrero-Ruiz A, Rodríguez-Ramos I. Carbothermally generated copper–molybdenum carbide supported on graphite for the CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00410g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The carbothermal synthesis of monometallic and bimetallic molybdenum carbide and copper supported on high surface area graphite, has been studied at 600 and 700 °C and characterised. The catalysts were tested for CO2 hydrogenation to CH3OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Dongil
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica
- CSIC
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - J. M. Conesa
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Técnica
- Facultad de Ciencias UNED
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - L. Pastor-Pérez
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
| | - A. Sepúlveda-Escribano
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica – Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante
- Universidad de Alicante
- E-03080 Alicante
- Spain
| | - A. Guerrero-Ruiz
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Técnica
- Facultad de Ciencias UNED
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
- UA UNED-ICP(CSIC)
| | - I. Rodríguez-Ramos
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica
- CSIC
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- UA UNED-ICP(CSIC)
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Din IU, Usman M, Khan S, Helal A, Alotaibi MA, Alharthi AI, Centi G. Prospects for a green methanol thermo-catalytic process from CO2 by using MOFs based materials: A mini-review. J CO2 UTIL 2021; 43:101361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ayodele BV, Mustapa SI, Witoon T, Kanthasamy R, Zwawi M, Owabor CN. Radial Basis Function Neural Network Model Prediction of Thermo-catalytic Carbon Dioxide Oxidative Coupling of Methane to C2-hydrocarbon. Top Catal 2021; 64:328-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-020-01401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Narkhede N, Zheng H, Zhang H, Zhang G, Li Z. Isomorphous substitution method to fabricating pure phase Al‐doped zinc malachite: defects driven promotion improvement and enhanced synergy between Cu−ZnO. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Narkhede
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Institute of Coal Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Huayan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Institute of Coal Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Institute of Coal Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Institute of Coal Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Institute of Coal Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi P. R. China
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Barroso-martín I, Infantes-molina A, Jafarian Fini F, Ballesteros-plata D, Rodríguez-castellón E, Moretti E. Silica-Related Catalysts for CO2 Transformation into Methanol and Dimethyl Ether. Catalysts 2020; 10:1282. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The climate situation that the planet is experiencing, mainly due to the emission of greenhouse gases, poses great challenges to mitigate it. Since CO2 is the most abundant greenhouse gas, it is essential to reduce its emissions or, failing that, to use it to obtain chemicals of industrial interest. In recent years, much research have focused on the use of CO2 to obtain methanol, which is a raw material for the synthesis of several important chemicals, and dimethyl ether, which is advertised as the cleanest and highest efficiency diesel substitute fuel. Given that the bibliography on these catalytic reactions is already beginning to be extensive, and due to the great variety of catalysts studied by the different research groups, this review aims to expose the most important catalytic characteristics to take into account in the design of silica-based catalysts for the conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol and dimethyl ether.
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Gao P, Zhang L, Li S, Zhou Z, Sun Y. Novel Heterogeneous Catalysts for CO 2 Hydrogenation to Liquid Fuels. ACS Cent Sci 2020; 6:1657-1670. [PMID: 33145406 PMCID: PMC7596863 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrogenation to liquid fuels including gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, methanol, ethanol, and other higher alcohols via heterogeneous catalysis, using renewable energy, not only effectively alleviates environmental problems caused by massive CO2 emissions, but also reduces our excessive dependence on fossil fuels. In this Outlook, we review the latest development in the design of novel and very promising heterogeneous catalysts for direct CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, liquid hydrocarbons, and higher alcohols. Compared with methanol production, the synthesis of products with two or more carbons (C2+) faces greater challenges. Highly efficient synthesis of C2+ products from CO2 hydrogenation can be achieved by a reaction coupling strategy that first converts CO2 to carbon monoxide or methanol and then conducts a C-C coupling reaction over a bifunctional/multifunctional catalyst. Apart from the catalytic performance, unique catalyst design ideas, and structure-performance relationship, we also discuss current challenges in catalyst development and perspectives for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, PR China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- Dalian
National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Lina Zhang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, PR China
| | - Shenggang Li
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, PR China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
- Dalian
National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Zixuan Zhou
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, PR China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, PR China
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
- Shanghai
Institute of Clean Technology, Shanghai 201620, P.R.
China
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Dongil AB, Zhang Q, Pastor-pérez L, Ramírez-reina T, Guerrero-ruiz A, Rodríguez-ramos I. Effect of Cu and Cs in the β-Mo2C System for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol. Catalysts 2020; 10:1213. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitigation of anthropogenic CO2 emissions possess a major global challenge for modern societies. Herein, catalytic solutions are meant to play a key role. Among the different catalysts for CO2 conversion, Cu supported molybdenum carbide is receiving increasing attention. Hence, in the present communication, we show the activity, selectivity and stability of fresh-prepared β-Mo2C catalysts and compare the results with those of Cu/Mo2C, Cs/Mo2C and Cu/Cs/Mo2C in CO2 hydrogenation reactions. The results show that all the catalysts were active, and the main reaction product was methanol. Copper, cesium and molybdenum interaction is observed, and cesium promoted the formation of metallic Mo on the fresh catalyst. The incorporation of copper is positive and improves the activity and selectivity to methanol. Additionally, the addition of cesium favored the formation of Mo0 phase, which for the catalysts Cs/Mo2C seemed to be detrimental for the conversion and selectivity. Moreover, the catalysts promoted by copper and/or cesium underwent redox surface transformations during the reaction, these were more obvious for cesium doped catalysts, which diminished their catalytic performance.
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Yongjun G, Liu J, Bashir S. Electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells to demonstrate China's renewable energy renewable portfolio standards within the framework of the 13th five-year plan. Catal Today 2020; 374:135-153. [PMID: 33100579 PMCID: PMC7568504 DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methanol synthesis via carbon dioxide hydrogenation is reviewed. Up to date review on high yield catalysts for methanol synthesis are discussed. Catalytic performance parameters (temperature, Pressure, Support) are reviewed. Policy framework towards renewable energy for China is extensively reviewed. The catalytic mechanism and the role of promoters, bi-metallic catalyst is also discussed.
A unified treatment of the renewable portfolio standards is given concerning direct methanol fuel. The current mechanism of electrocatalysis of methanol oxidation on platinum and non-platinum-containing alloys is summarized for the systematic improvement of the rate of electro-oxidation of methanol are discussed. Policy realignment under the five-year plan is discussed in length to demonstrate how policy, markets, and engineering designs contribute towards the development of model direct methanol fuel cells operational enhancement, and factors that affect critical performance parameters for commercial exploitation are summarized for catalytic formulations and cell design within the context of why this investment in technology, education, and finances is required within the global context of sustainable energy and energy independence as exposed by thirteenth the five-year plan. The prolog focuses on the way, whereas the section on methanol fuel cells on the how and the post log on what is expected post-COVID-19 era in science and technology as China pivots to a post-fossil fuel economy. China's industrial growth has been through internal market reforms and supplies side economics from the Chinese markets for fossil fuels except for petroleum. The latest renewable portfolio standards adopted have common elements as adopted from North American and the United Kingdom in terms of adaptation of obligation in terms of renewable portfolio standards as well as a realization that the necessity for renewables standards for the thirteen five year plan (from 2016 to 2020) need to less rigorously implemented due to performance targets that were met during the eleventh (06–10) and twelfth five-year plans (11–15) in terms of utilization of small coal-ire power plants, development of newer standards, led to an improvement of energy efficiency of 15 %, reduction of SOx/NOx by an average of 90 % and PM2.5 by 96 % over the last two five-year plans. The current phase of the plan has a focus on energy generation from coal and a slowing down of renewables or Renewable energy curtailment of approximately 400 T Wh renewables including 300 T Wh of non-hydro power, principally from Guangdong, and Jiangsu for transfer of hydropower and Zhejiang, Tianjin, Henan for non-hydro power transfer with Beijing and Shanghai playing important roles in renewables energy curtailment and realignment using an integrated approach to optimize each provinces energy portfolio. The realignment of the renewable energy portfolio indicates that the newly installed capacity in Sichuan, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, and Zhejiang will account for less than 20 % of the current renewable energy portfolio but with the NOx SOx and PM2.5 savings already accrued. The catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to methanol (70 / 110 million metric tons from all sources in 2019 for China/world) is one technological approach to reduce global carbon dioxide emissions and suggests that catalytic methanol synthesis by CO2 hydrogenation may be a plausible approach, even if it is more expensive economically than methanol synthesis by the syngas approach. This is because the CO2 emissions of the synthesis are lower than other synthesis methodologies. The Chinese government has placed a premium on cleaner air and water and may view such an approach as solving the dual issues of fuel substitution and reduction of CO2. Thus, the coupling of hydrogen generation from sustainable energies sources (Solar 175 / 509 GW) or wind (211/591.5 GW in 2019) may be an attractive approach, as this requires slightly less water than coal gasification. Due to the thermodynamic requirement of lower operating pressure and higher operating pressure, currently, there is no single operational approach, although some practice approaches (220 °C at 48 atm using copper) and zinc oxide/alumina are suggested for optimal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Yongjun
- Center for Clean Energy and Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection, Zhejiang Yangtze River Delta, 1359-3 Wangjun International 22, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, PRC 310000, China.,Sunshine Times Law Firm, 1359-3 Gu Dun St., Hangzhou, PRC 310000, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Texas A&M Energy Institute, Frederick E. Giesecke Engineering Research Building, 1617 Research Pkwy, 3372 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-3372, United States.,Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Department of Chemistry, 700 University Blvd., MSC 131, Kingsville, TX, 78363, United States
| | - Sajid Bashir
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Department of Chemistry, 700 University Blvd., MSC 131, Kingsville, TX, 78363, United States
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