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Weerakoon AT, Condon N, Cox TR, Sexton C, Cooper C, Meyers IA, Thomson D, Ford PJ, Roy S, Symons AL. Dynamic dentin: A quantitative microscopic assessment of age and spatial changes to matrix architecture, peritubular dentin, and collagens types I and III. J Struct Biol 2022; 214:107899. [PMID: 36208858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
To investigate age and site-related changes to human dentin collagen, sound human teeth collected from donors aged 13-29 (young) and 50-74 (aged) years (n = 9/group) were cut to shallow and deep sites. Dentin collagen orientation and fibril bundling was investigated using the Picrosirius Red (PSR) stain observed under cross-polarized light microscopy (Pol), and collagen distribution was investigated using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Collagen types III to I distribution in peritubular dentin (PTD) was revealed using Herovici stain and brightfield microscopy. Image analysis software and linear mixed modelling quantified outcomes. In situ dentin collagen was observed using Xenon Plasma Focussed Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (Xe PFIB-SEM). The PSR-Pol analysis revealed less coherently aligned and more bundled collagen fibrils in aged dentin (P = 0.005). Deep inner dentin collagen in both groups were less coherently aligned with reduced bundling. Regardless of age, CLSM showed collagen distribution remained stable; and more collagen type III was detectable in PTD located in inner dentin (Young: P = 0.006; Aged: P = 0.008). Observations following Xe PFIB-SEM cross-sectioning showed apatite-like deposits surrounding large intratubular collagen fibers, and evidence of smaller intertubular dentin collagen fibrils in situ. In conclusion, aging changes collagen network architecture, but not distribution or content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arosha T Weerakoon
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Nicholas Condon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas R Cox
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher Sexton
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Crystal Cooper
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ian A Meyers
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Thomson
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pauline J Ford
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sandrine Roy
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Olympus Life Science, Australia
| | - Anne L Symons
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Bueno JM, Martínez-ojeda RM, Fernández-escudero AC, Ávila FJ, López-nicolás M, Pérez-cárceles MD, Grassia V. Dental Age Estimation Using Multiphoton Microscopy: A Potential Tool for Forensic Science. BioMed Research International 2022; 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35937389 PMCID: PMC9355766 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3328818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Normal aging affects the different structures of teeth, in particular, the dentine. These changes are useful in forensic disciplines as a tool for age estimation. Although multiphoton (MP) microscopy has been used to explore dental pieces, a relationship between age and MP response of the human dentine has not been proposed yet. The relationship between MP signals and natural dentine aging is investigated herein. An index of age (INAG) combining two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) images has been used to quantify these changes. The results show that the INAG significantly decreases with age. Moreover, peritubular dentine size and collagen internal properties are also modified with age. This information confirms the usefulness of this technique in forensic age estimation after disasters (natural or manmade) with a lack of comprehensive fingerprint database. Courts and other government authorities might also benefit from this tool when the official age of individuals under special circumstances is required for legal or medical reasons.
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Lainović T, Margueritat J, Martinet Q, Dagany X, Blažić L, Pantelić D, Rabasović MD, Krmpot AJ, Dehoux T. Micromechanical imaging of dentin with Brillouin microscopy. Acta Biomater 2020; 105:214-222. [PMID: 31988041 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The structure of teeth can be altered by diet, age or diseases such as caries and sclerosis. It is very important to characterize their mechanical properties to predict and understand tooth decay, design restorative dental procedures, and investigate their tribological behavior. However, existing imaging techniques are not well suited to investigating the micromechanics of teeth, in particular at tissue interfaces. Here, we describe a microscope based on Brillouin light scattering (BLS) developed to probe the spectrum of the light scattered from tooth tissues, from which the mechanical properties (sound velocity, viscosity) can be inferred with a priori knowledge of the refractive index. BLS is an inelastic process that uses the scattering of light by acoustic waves in the GHz range. Our microscope thus reveals the mechanical properties at the micrometer scale without contact with the sample. BLS signals show significant differences between sound tissues and pathological lesions, and can be used to precisely delineate carious dentin. We also show maps of the sagittal and transversal planes of sound tubular dentin that reveal its anisotropic microstructure at 1 µm resolution. Our observations indicate that the collagen-based matrix of dentine is the main load-bearing structure, which can be considered as a fiber-reinforced composite. In the vicinity of polymeric tooth-filling materials, we observed the infiltration of the adhesive complex into the opened tubules of sound dentine. The ability to probe the quality of this interfacial layer could lead to innovative designs of biomaterials used for dental restorations in contemporary adhesive dentistry, with possible direct repercussions on decision-making during clinical work. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Mechanical properties of teeth can be altered by diet, age or diseases. Yet existing imaging modalities cannot reveal the micromechanics of the tooth. Here we developed a new type of microscope that uses the scattering of a laser light by naturally-occurring acoustic waves to probe mechanical changes in tooth tissues at a sub-micrometer scale without contact to the sample. We observe significant mechanical differences between healthy tissues and pathological lesions. The contrast in mechanical properties also reveals the microstructure of the polymer-dentin interfaces. We believe that this new development of laser spectroscopy is very important because it should lead to innovative designs of biomaterials used for dental restoration, and allow delineating precisely destructed dentin for minimally-invasive strategies.
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Khosravanifard B, Nemati-anaraki S, Nili S, Rakhshan V. Assessing the effects of three resin removal methods and bracket sandblasting on shear bond strength of metallic orthodontic brackets and enamel surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 70:27-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.odw.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules, apart from structural role for the surrounding tissue, have also been defined as crucial mediators in several cell mechanisms. The proteolytic and cross-linking cascades of ECM have fundamental importance in health and disease, which is increasingly becoming acknowledged. However, formidable challenges remain to identify the diverse and novel role of ECM molecules, especially with regard to their distinct biophysical, biochemical, and structural properties. Considering the heterogeneous, dynamic, and hierarchical nature of ECM, the characterization of 3D functional molecular view of ECM in atomic detail will be very useful for further ECM-related studies. Nowadays, the creation of a pioneer ECM multidisciplinary integrated platform in order to decipher ECM homeostasis is more possible than ever. The access to cutting-edge technologies, such as optical imaging and electron and atomic force microscopies, along with diffraction and X-ray-based spectroscopic methods can integrate spanning wide ranges of spatial and time resolutions. Subsequently, ECM image-guided site-directed proteomics can reveal molecular compositions in defined native and reconstituted ECM microenvironments. In addition, the use of highly selective ECM enzyme inhibitors enables the comparative molecular analyses within pre-classified remodeled ECM microenvironments. Mechanistic information which will be derived can be used to develop novel protein-based inhibitors for effective diagnostic and/or therapeutic modalities targeting ECM reactions within tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A Afratis
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Heiner Z, Zeise I, Elbaum R, Kneipp J. Insight into plant cell wall chemistry and structure by combination of multiphoton microscopy with Raman imaging. J Biophotonics 2018; 11:e201700164. [PMID: 29024576 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous Raman scattering microspectroscopy, second harmonic generation (SHG) and 2-photon excited fluorescence (2PF) were used in combination to characterize the morphology together with the chemical composition of the cell wall in native plant tissues. As the data obtained with unstained sections of Sorghum bicolor root and leaf tissues illustrate, nonresonant as well as pre-resonant Raman microscopy in combination with hyperspectral analysis reveals details about the distribution and composition of the major cell wall constituents. Multivariate analysis of the Raman data allows separation of different tissue regions, specifically the endodermis, xylem and lumen. The orientation of cellulose microfibrils is obtained from polarization-resolved SHG signals. Furthermore, 2-photon autofluorescence images can be used to image lignification. The combined compositional, morphological and orientational information in the proposed coupling of SHG, Raman imaging and 2PF presents an extension of existing vibrational microspectroscopic imaging and multiphoton microscopic approaches not only for plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Heiner
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- SALSA School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingrid Zeise
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rivka Elbaum
- The Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Janina Kneipp
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- SALSA School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Vennat E, Wang W, Genthial R, David B, Dursun E, Gourrier A. Mesoscale porosity at the dentin-enamel junction could affect the biomechanical properties of teeth. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:418-432. [PMID: 28110070 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the 3D-morphology of the porosity in dentin is investigated within the first 350μm from the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) by fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). We found that the porous microstructure exhibits a much more complex geometry than classically described, which may impact our fundamental understanding of the mechanical behavior of teeth and could have practical consequences for dental surgery. Our 3D observations reveal numerous fine branches stemming from the tubules which may play a role in cellular communication or mechanosensing during the early stages of dentinogenesis. The effect of this highly branched microstructure on the local mechanical properties is investigated by means of numerical simulations. Under simplified assumptions on the surrounding tissue characteristics, we find that the presence of fine branches negatively affects the mechanical properties by creating local stress concentrations. However, this effect is reduced by the presence of peritubular dentin surrounding the tubules. The porosity was also quantified using the CSLM data and compared to this derived from SEM imaging. A bimodal distribution of channel diameters was found near the DEJ with a mean value of 1.5-2μm for the tubules and 0.3-0.5μm for the fine branches which contribute to 30% of the total porosity (∼1.2%). A gradient in the branching density was observed from the DEJ towards the pulp, independently of the anatomical location. Our work constitutes an incentive towards more elaborate multiscale studies of dentin microstructure to better assess the effect of aging and for the design of biomaterials used in dentistry, e.g. to ensure more efficient bonding to dentin. Finally, our analysis of the tubular network structure provides valuable data to improve current numerical models.
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Terrer E, Panayotov IV, Slimani A, Tardivo D, Gillet D, Levallois B, Fejerskov O, Gergely C, Cuisinier FJG, Tassery H, Cloitre T. Laboratory Studies of Nonlinear Optical Signals for Caries Detection. J Dent Res 2016; 95:574-9. [PMID: 26826107 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516629400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiphoton confocal microscopy and nonlinear spectroscopy are used to investigate the caries process in dentin. Although dentin is a major calcified tissue of the teeth, its organic phase comprises type I collagen fibers. Caries drive dentin demineralization and collagen denaturation. Multiphoton microscopy is a powerful imaging technique: the biological materials are transparent to infrared frequencies and can be excited to penetration depths inaccessible to 1-photon confocal microscopy. The laser excitation greatly reduces photodamage to the sole focal region, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved significantly. The method has been used to follow pathologic processes involving collagen fibrosis or collagen destruction based on their 2-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) emission and second harmonic generation (SHG). Combining multiphoton imaging with nonlinear spectroscopy, we demonstrate that both 2PEF and SHG intensity of human dentin are strongly modified during the tooth caries process, and we show that the ratio between SHG and 2PEF signals is a reliable parameter to follow dental caries. The ratio of the SHG/2PEF signals measured by nonlinear optical spectroscopy provides valuable information on the caries process, specifically on the degradation of the organic matrix of dentin. The goal is to bring these nonlinear optical signals to clinical application for caries diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Terrer
- Laboratoire Bio ingénierie et Nanosciences, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Université d'Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - I V Panayotov
- Laboratoire Bio ingénierie et Nanosciences, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A Slimani
- Laboratoire Bio ingénierie et Nanosciences, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - D Tardivo
- Laboratoire Anthropologie bio-culturelle, droit, éthique et santé, UMR 7268 CNRS-Université d'Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - D Gillet
- Laboratoire Bio ingénierie et Nanosciences, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - B Levallois
- Laboratoire Bio ingénierie et Nanosciences, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - O Fejerskov
- Department of Biomedicine-Anatomy Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C Gergely
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - F J G Cuisinier
- Laboratoire Bio ingénierie et Nanosciences, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - H Tassery
- Laboratoire Bio ingénierie et Nanosciences, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Université d'Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - T Cloitre
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Williams C, Wu Y, Bowers DF. ImageJ analysis of dentin tubule distribution in human teeth. Tissue Cell 2015; 47:343-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Joves GJ, Inoue G, Sadr A, Nikaido T, Tagami J. Nanoindentation hardness of intertubular dentin in sound, demineralized and natural caries-affected dentin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 32:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vidal C, Tjäderhane L, Scaffa P, Tersariol I, Pashley D, Nader H, Nascimento F, Carrilho M. Abundance of MMPs and Cysteine Cathepsins in Caries-affected Dentin. J Dent Res 2013; 93:269-74. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034513516979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of dentin matrix components within caries dentin has been correlated with the activity of host-derived proteases, such as matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and cysteine cathepsins (CTs). Since this relationship has not been fully established, we hypothesized that the abundance of MMPs and CTs in caries-affected dentin must be higher than in intact dentin. To test this premise, we obtained 5 slices (200 µm) from 5 intact teeth and from 5 caries-affected teeth (1 slice/tooth) and individually incubated them with primary antibodies for CT-B, CT-K, MMP-2, or MMP-9. Negative controls were incubated with pre-immune serum. Specimens were washed and re-incubated with the respective fluorescent secondary antibody. Collagen identification, attained by the autofluorescence capture technique, and protease localization were evaluated by multi-photon confocal microscopy. The images were analyzed with ZEN software, which also quantitatively measured the percentages of collagen and protease distribution in dentin compartments. The abundance of the test enzymes was markedly higher in caries-affected than in intact dentin. CT-B exhibited the highest percentage of co-localization with collagen, followed by MMP-9, MMP-2, and CT-K. The high expression of CTs and MMPs in caries-affected teeth indicates that those host-derived enzymes are intensely involved with caries progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.M.P. Vidal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Area, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - L. Tjäderhane
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - P.M. Scaffa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Area, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - I.L. Tersariol
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D. Pashley
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - H.B. Nader
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F.D. Nascimento
- Biomaterials Research Group and Biotechnology Division, UNIBAN, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M.R. Carrilho
- Biomaterials Research Group and Biotechnology Division, UNIBAN, São Paulo, Brazil
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Gaiser S, Deyhle H, Bunk O, White SN, Müller B. Understanding Nano-Anatomy of Healthy and Carious Human Teeth: a Prerequisite for Nanodentistry. Biointerphases 2012; 7:4. [DOI: 10.1007/s13758-011-0004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Miura J, Kubo M, Nagashima T, Takeshige F. Ultra-structural observation of human enamel and dentin by ultra-high-voltage electron tomography and the focus ion beam technique. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) 2012; 61:335-341. [PMID: 22872279 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfs056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Human enamel and dentin are hard and brittle mineralized tissues. It is difficult to prepare thin specimens (under 200 nm) of these tissues for transmission electron microscope observation without demineralizing them. We present a novel method of creating three-dimensional ultra-structural images of human enamel and dentin, using the focus ion beam (FIB) method and ultra-high-voltage electron microscope tomography. Thin specimens (less than 2 μm) of enamel and dentin were prepared using the FIB method. This method is appropriate for nano-fabrication of thin specimens for brittle materials such as enamel and dentin. It allows penetration of an ultra-high-voltage electron beam of a 3000 kV maximal acceleration voltage into a specimen, enabling projections of the specimen to be taken. It facilitates tomography of the enamel rods, sheaths, dentinal tubules and collagen fibrils with a high resolution of 2 nm. The component percentages in ultra-structures of dentin can be expressed numerically by using three-dimensional reconstruction images of tomograms. The matrix of peritubular dentin differed from that of intertubular dentin by having relatively fewer collagen fibrils. The major advantage of this method is its ability to visualize ultra-structural tomograms of highly calcified specimens without demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Miura
- Division for Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Osaka University Dental Hospital, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Lucchese A, Pilolli GP, Petruzzi M, Crincoli V, Scivetti M, Favia G. Analysis of Collagen Distribution in Human Crown Dentin by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Ultrastruct Pathol 2009; 32:107-11. [DOI: 10.1080/01913120801897216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Ralston E, Swaim B, Czapiga M, Hwu WL, Chien YH, Pittis MG, Bembi B, Schwartz O, Plotz P, Raben N. Detection and imaging of non-contractile inclusions and sarcomeric anomalies in skeletal muscle by second harmonic generation combined with two-photon excited fluorescence. J Struct Biol 2008; 162:500-8. [PMID: 18468456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The large size of the multinucleated muscle fibers of skeletal muscle makes their examination for structural and pathological defects a challenge. Sections and single fibers are accessible to antibodies and other markers but imaging of such samples does not provide a three-dimensional view of the muscle. Regrettably, bundles of fibers cannot be stained or imaged easily. Two-photon microscopy techniques overcome these obstacles. Second harmonic generation (SHG) by myosin filaments and two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) of mitochondrial and lysosomal components provides detailed structural information on unstained tissue. Furthermore, the infrared exciting light can penetrate several layers of muscle fibers and the minimal processing is particularly valuable for fragile biopsies. Here we demonstrate the usefulness of SHG, combined with 2PEF, to reveal enlarged lysosomes and accumulations of non-contractile material in muscles from the mouse model for the lysosomal storage disorder Pompe disease (PD), and in biopsies from adult and infant PD patients. SHG and 2PEF also detect sarcomeric defects that may presage the loss of myofibrils in atrophying muscle and signify loss of elasticity. The combination of SHG and 2PEF should be useful in the analysis and diagnosis of a wide range of skeletal muscle pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ralston
- Light Imaging Section, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 1535, Bethesda, MD 20892-8023, USA.
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