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Kumar R, Jha S, Singh SP, Kumar M, Kumari R, Padbhushan R. Organic waste recycling by vermicomposting amended with rock phosphate impacts the stability and maturity indices of vermicompost. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37104721 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2023.2207504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recycling organic waste can help the land be nourished, properly disposed of, and protected from the negative impacts of chemical fertilizers. Organic additions like vermicompost can help restore and preserve the quality of the soil, however, producing vermicompost of a high enough standard is difficult. This study was planned to prepare vermicompost by utilizing two different organic wastes viz. household waste and organic residue amended with rock phosphate and further evaluate their stability and maturity indices during vermicomposting for quality of produce. For this study, the organic wastes were collected and vermicompost was prepared by using earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and with or without enriching with rock phosphate. Results showed that pH, bulk density, and biodegradability index were decreased and water holding capacity and cation exchange capacity was increased with the gradual progress of composting starting from 30 to 120 days of sampling/composting (DAS). Initially (upto 30 DAS) water-soluble carbon and water-soluble carbohydrate increased with rock phosphate enrichment. The population of the earthworms and enzymatic activities (CO2 evolution, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase) were also increased on enriching with rock phosphate and with the progression of the composting period. Rock phosphate addition (enrichment) also reflected the higher content of phosphorus (106% and 120% for household waste and organic residue, respectively) in the final product of vermicompost. The vermicompost prepared from household waste and enriched with rock phosphate showed greater maturity and stability indices. Overall, this can be concluded that the maturity and stability of vermicompost depend on the substrate used and improves on enriching with rock phosphate.Implications: Our study concludes that the quality of vermicompost depends on different substrates, composting period, and enrichment with rock phosphate. The qualities of vermicompost were best found under household waste-based vermicompost enriched with rock phosphate. The efficiency of vermicomposting process using earthworms was found maximum for enriched and without enriched household-based vermicompost. The study also indicated that several stability and maturity indices are influenced by different parameters and hence cannot be determined by a single parameter. The addition of rock phosphate increased the cation exchange capacity, phosphorus content, and alkaline phosphatase. Nitrogen, zinc, manganese, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were found higher under household waste-based vermicompost relative to organic residue-based vermicompost. All four substrates promoted earthworm growth and reproduction in vermicompost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Shankar Jha
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
| | - Shiveshwar Pratap Singh
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
| | - Ragini Kumari
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Rajeev Padbhushan
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
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Moubareck CA, Alawlaqi B, Alhajeri S. Characterization of physicochemical parameters and bacterial diversity of composted organic food wastes in Dubai. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16426. [PMID: 37274727 PMCID: PMC10238688 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Composting favours recycling organic waste and producing an end product with high bioenergy potential and significant nutritional value for the soil. Analysing composted organic waste prepared in Dubai, a region with a desertic climate and a unique environment is essential since environmental conditions can greatly affect the physicochemical and biological soil properties and no studies in the Gulf region have been published yet on that process. This study analysed twelve different compost samples prepared in well ventilated wooden chambers, using home-generated organic wastes following the hot aerobic composting method for a duration of three months. The physicochemical parameters, measured at the end of the study, revealed that organic matter, electrical conductivity and pH were within the standard ranges while moisture content was low. Concerning macronutrients, most of the samples were within the standard range for carbon, potassium and sodium, while they were poor in phosphorous and nitrogen. Metagenomic analysis with Illumina MiSeq revealed the abundance of Firmicutes (30.35%), followed by Bacteroidota (26.69%), Proteobacteria (21.47%), and Actinobacteriota (11.17%). The phylum Planctomycetota, solely detected in compost and known to have a significant impact on soil ecosystem and decomposition of organic matter, was reported at a relatively significant level (2.35%). The Clostridia class, efficient in degrading cellulose, was described at high levels compared to other studies. The composting project succeeded in generating a healthy soil but lengthening the duration will allow the samples to fully decompose and therefore increase the total available nitrogen and phosphorus to meet the criteria of a typical mature compost. Various microbial consortia helped in the decomposition process. The qualitative information collected in this study will help in improving the composting technology to favour its utilization by a larger public in the Gulf region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Buthaina Alawlaqi
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salama Alhajeri
- Department of Corporate Environmental Health & Safety, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Leno N, Ajayan AS, Thampatti KCM, Sudharmaidevi CR, Aparna B, Gladis R, Rani TS, Joseph B, Meera AV, Nagula S. Humification evaluation and carbon recalcitrance of a rapid thermochemical digestate fertiliser from degradable solid waste for climate change mitigation in the tropics. Sci Total Environ 2022; 849:157752. [PMID: 35921927 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indiscriminate, unhygienic and unscientific disposal of solid wastes poses significant risks leading to soil, water and air pollution. Abiotic and nonenzymatic rapid thermochemical processing technology provides a solution for the management of degradable solid waste at the source, converting it to organic digestate fertiliser within a day, thus overcoming the main drawback of the long time span required for composting. A study was performed to evaluate the maturity parameters and the extent of humification of the thermochemical digestate fertiliser and the raw biowaste substrate. We made an objective assessment of the recalcitrance efficiency of the added thermochemical digestate fertiliser on tropical Ultisol soil grown with two cycles of tomato and amaranthus crop sequences. Unlike the raw biowaste substrate, the thermochemical digestate complied with the threshold standards of compost maturity parameters and humification indices. Soil application of the thermochemical digestate fertiliser brought significant additions to the labile, microbial biomass and recalcitrant fractions of soil organic carbon within a year after four cycles of crop growth, as revealed by principal component analysis. Linear regression analysis revealed a strong and significant fit of the labile and microbial biomass carbon fractions with the total dry biomass of amaranthus and tomato. The thermochemical digestate fertiliser imparted a recalcitrance index of 85.57 % and enhanced the soil carbon stock by 4.81 % over the compost-based treatments with a superior soil carbon sequestration rate. The study confirmed that thermochemical digestate fertiliser is a fairly humified, high-resource organic fertiliser input with enhanced agronomic biomass production and recalcitrance efficiency, favouring soil carbon sequestration in Ultisol soils of the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Leno
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India.
| | - Amrutha Sujatha Ajayan
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India
| | - Kizhakke Covilakom Manorama Thampatti
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India
| | - Cheruvelil Rajamma Sudharmaidevi
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India
| | - Balasubramaniam Aparna
- Department of Organic Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India.
| | - Rajamony Gladis
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India.
| | - Thankamma Sajitha Rani
- Instructional Farm, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India.
| | - Biju Joseph
- Instructional Farm, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India.
| | - Aaltharackal Vikraman Meera
- Integrated Farming System Research Station, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 002, India.
| | - Sainath Nagula
- Agricultural Research Station, Tornala, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Telangana 502 114, India
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Babu S, Singh Rathore S, Singh R, Kumar S, Singh VK, Yadav SK, Yadav V, Raj R, Yadav D, Shekhawat K, Ali Wani O. Exploring agricultural waste biomass for energy, food and feed production and pollution mitigation: A review. Bioresour Technol 2022; 360:127566. [PMID: 35788385 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Globally agricultural production system generates a huge amount of solid waste. Improper agri-waste management causes environmental pollution which resulted in economic losses and human health-related problems. Hence, there is an urgent need to design and develop eco-friendly, cost-effective, and socially acceptable agri-waste management technologies. Agri-waste has high energy conversion efficiency as compared to fossil fuel-based energy generation materials. Agri-waste can potentially be exploited for the production of second-generation biofuels. However, composted agri-waste can be an alternative to energy-intensive chemical fertilizers in organic production systems. Furthermore, value-added agri-waste can be a potential feedstock for livestock and industrial products. But comprehensive information concerning agri-waste management is lacking in the literature. Therefore, the present study reviewed the latest advancements in efficient agri-waste management technologies. This latest review will help the researchers and policy planners to formulate environmentally robust residue management practices for achieving a green economy in the agricultural production sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Babu
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Sanjay Singh Rathore
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
| | - Raghavendra Singh
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208 024, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram, Uttar Pradesh 250110, India
| | - Vinod K Singh
- ICAR- Central Research Institute on Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 059, India
| | - S K Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 002, India
| | - Vivek Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rishi Raj
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Devideen Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248 195, India
| | - Kapila Shekhawat
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Owais Ali Wani
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, SKUAST- Kashmir, 193201, India
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Liu Q, He X, Luo G, Wang K, Li D. Deciphering the dominant components and functions of bacterial communities for lignocellulose degradation at the composting thermophilic phase. Bioresour Technol 2022; 348:126808. [PMID: 35131458 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The decomposition and transformation of organic matters during composting process are performed by various microorganisms. However, the bacterial communities and their functions usually vary with composting materials. Here the dominant bacterial genera and their functions were identified at the thermophilic phase during composting of mulberry branches with silkworm excrement (MSE), pig manure (MPM) and cow manure (MCD). The activities of β-glucosidase and endoglucanase were highest for MCD (1.31 and 17.15 µg g-1 min-1) and lowest for MPM (0.92 and 14.22 µg g-1 min-1). Random Forest model and correlation analysis revealed that Stenotrophomonas, Bacillus, and Sinibacillus were the dominant bacterial genera involved in lignocellulose degradation regardless of composting materials. Carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and DNA replication and repair were primary functions of the bacterial communities for the three types of composting. The quantification of lignocellulose degradation genes further verified the dominant functions of the bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China; Guangxi Industrial Technology Research Institute for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Xunyang He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China; Guangxi Industrial Technology Research Institute for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Gongwen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China
| | - Kelin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China; Guangxi Industrial Technology Research Institute for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Dejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China; Guangxi Industrial Technology Research Institute for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Nanning 530000, China.
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Castillo-Díaz FJ, Marín-Guirao JI, Belmonte-Ureña LJ, Tello-Marquina JC. Effect of Repeated Plant Debris Reutilization as Organic Amendment on Greenhouse Soil Fertility. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182111544. [PMID: 34770058 PMCID: PMC8583493 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Greenhouse agriculture typically generates large amounts of waste with plant residue (agricultural biomass) being the most abundant. This residue is generated on a seasonal basis, which complicates the external management of the material. Recently, the European Union (EU) has been implementing a policy based on sustainability through the circular economy that seeks to minimize waste generation. The effect of reusing 3.5 kg·m-2 tomato plants from the previous season as the only fertilizer versus no fertilization and inorganic fertilization in 215-day tomato cycles after transplanting was studied in this trial. The study was carried out during three seasons in greenhouse agriculture in Almeria (Spain) with the repeated use of the solarization technique. The plant debris had similar production results during two of the three seasons and fruit quality parameters were similar to inorganic fertilization. In addition, some physicochemical variables improved and the biological depressive effect of solarization was mitigated. The results suggest that the reuse of the tomato plant debris as the only fertilizer could be an alternative to conventional fertilization under the conditions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Castillo-Díaz
- Department of Agronomy, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agrifood Biotechnology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (F.J.C.-D.); (J.C.T.-M.)
| | - José Ignacio Marín-Guirao
- Department of Sustainable Plant Protection, Institute for Research and Training in Agriculture and Fisheries, 04745 Almería, Spain;
| | - Luis Jesús Belmonte-Ureña
- Department of Economy and Business, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agrifood Biotechnology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Julio César Tello-Marquina
- Department of Agronomy, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agrifood Biotechnology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (F.J.C.-D.); (J.C.T.-M.)
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Lu XL, Wu H, Song SL, Bai HY, Tang MJ, Xu FJ, Ma Y, Dai CC, Jia Y. Effects of multi-phase inoculation on the fungal community related with the improvement of medicinal herbal residues composting. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:27998-28013. [PMID: 33523381 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Composting has become the most important way to recycle medicinal herbal residues (MHRs). The traditional composting method, adding a microbial agent at one time, has been greatly limited due to its low composting efficiency, mutual influence of microbial agents, and unstable compost products. This study was conducted to assess the effect of multi-phase inoculation on the lignocellulose degradation, enzyme activities, and fungal community during MHRs composting. The results showed that multi-phase inoculation treatment had the highest thermophilic temperature (68.2 °C) and germination index (102.68%), significantly improved available phosphorus content, humic acid, and humic substances concentration, accelerated the degradation of cellulose and lignin, and increased the activities of cellulase in the mature phase, xylanase, manganese peroxidase, and utilization of phenolic compounds. Furthermore, the non-metric multi-dimensional scaling showed that the composting process and inoculation significantly influenced fungal community composition. In multi-phase inoculation treatment, Thermomyces in mesophilic, thermophilic, and mature phase, unclassified_Sordariales, and Coprinopsis in mature phase were the dominant genus that might be the main functional groups to degrade lignocellulose and improve the MHRs composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shi-Li Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Yan Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Meng-Jun Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fang-Ji Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yong Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Bhattacharjya S, Sahu A, Phalke DH, Manna MC, Thakur JK, Mandal A, Tripathi AK, Sheoran P, Choudhary M, Bhowmick A, Rahman MM, Naidu R, Patra AK. In situ decomposition of crop residues using lignocellulolytic microbial consortia: a viable alternative to residue burning. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-12611-8. [PMID: 33625699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Open field burning of crop residue causes severe air pollution and greenhouse gas emission contributing to global warming. In order to seek an alternative, the current study was initiated to explore the prospective of lignocellulolytic microbes to expedite in situ decomposition of crop residues. Field trials on farmers' field were conducted in the state of Haryana and Maharashtra, to target the burning of rice and wheat residue and sugarcane trash, respectively. A comparative study among crop residue removal (CRR), crop residue burning (CRB) and in situ decomposition of crop residues (IND) revealed that IND of rice and wheat residues took 30 days whereas IND of sugarcane trash took 45 days. The decomposition status was assessed by determining the initial and final lignin to cellulose ratio which increased significantly from 0.23 to 0.25, 0.21 to 0.23 and 0.24 to 0.27 for rice, wheat residues and sugarcane trash, respectively. No yield loss was noticed in IND for both rice-wheat system and sugarcane-based system; rather IND showed relatively better crop yield as well as soil health parameters than CRB and CRR. Furthermore, the environmental impact assessment of residue burning indicated a substantial loss of nutrients (28-31, 23-25 and 51-77 kg ha-1 of N+P2O5+K2O for rice, wheat and sugarcane residue) as well as the emission of pollutants to the atmosphere. However, more field trials, as well as refinement of the technology, are warranted to validate and establish the positive potential of in situ decomposition of crop residue to make it a successful solution against the crop residue burning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asha Sahu
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, 462038, India
| | - D H Phalke
- College of Agriculture, MPKV, Rahuri, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Asit Mandal
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, 462038, India
| | | | | | - Madhu Choudhary
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | | | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle (UON), University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle (UON), University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ashok K Patra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, 462038, India
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