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Gammatantrawet N, Nguyễn CT, Susawaengsup C, Ramli ANM, Tongkoom K, Chatsungnoen T, Dangtungee R, Bhuyar P. Phytochemistry of Medicinal Herbs Belongs to Asclepiadaceae Family for Therapeutic Applications: A Critical Review. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01122-9. [PMID: 38507018 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The world of pharmaceutical research has been increasingly turning its gaze toward the treasure trove of natural products in search of novel drugs and therapeutic agents. Amidst the vast array of medicinal plants that dot our planet, the Asclepiadaceae family unexplored species have piqued the interest of researchers. Both medicinal plants are indigenous to specific regions and have been integral to traditional medicine systems for centuries. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge regarding the phytochemical profile of these plants and their potential implications in the pharmaceutical industry. These plants are rich in phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides, and saponins. These constituents have been found to exhibit a range of pharmacological activities. They have antimicrobial properties, providing a defense against various microorganisms. They also show anti-inflammatory properties, helping to reduce inflammation in the body. In addition, these plants have antioxidant properties, which help protect cells from damage by harmful free radicals. They have shown anticancer activity, offering potential for cancer treatment. Their neuroprotective properties could be beneficial in treating neurological disorders. The analgesic properties of these plants could be harnessed for pain relief. Furthermore, they have antidiabetic properties, offering potential for diabetes management. The hope is that this review will stimulate further research into these fascinating plants and contribute to discovering new drugs from natural herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuyên Thuận Nguyễn
- Organic Agriculture Management, International College, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Chanthana Susawaengsup
- Maejo University Phrae Campus, Mae Sai, Rong Kwang District, Phrae, 54140, Thailand
- International Industry and Agriculture Innovation Research Center (IIAR), International College, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Aizi Nor Mazila Ramli
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), Lebuhraya Tun Abdul Razak, Gambang, 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Krittiya Tongkoom
- Organic Agriculture Management, International College, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
- International Industry and Agriculture Innovation Research Center (IIAR), International College, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Tawan Chatsungnoen
- Maejo University Phrae Campus, Mae Sai, Rong Kwang District, Phrae, 54140, Thailand
- International Industry and Agriculture Innovation Research Center (IIAR), International College, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Rapeephun Dangtungee
- Organic Agriculture Management, International College, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
- International Industry and Agriculture Innovation Research Center (IIAR), International College, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Prakash Bhuyar
- Organic Agriculture Management, International College, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand.
- International Industry and Agriculture Innovation Research Center (IIAR), International College, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand.
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Rashan LJ, Özenver N, Boulos JC, Dawood M, Roos WP, Franke K, Papasotiriou I, Wessjohann LA, Fiebig HH, Efferth T. Molecular Modes of Action of an Aqueous Nerium oleander Extract in Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041871. [PMID: 36838857 PMCID: PMC9960564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer drug resistance remains a major obstacle in clinical oncology. As most anticancer drugs are of natural origin, we investigated the anticancer potential of a standardized cold-water leaf extract from Nerium oleander L., termed Breastin. The phytochemical characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed several monoglycosidic cardenolides as major constituents (adynerin, neritaloside, odoroside A, odoroside H, oleandrin, and vanderoside). Breastin inhibited the growth of 14 cell lines from hematopoietic tumors and 5 of 6 carcinomas. Remarkably, the cellular responsiveness of odoroside H and neritaloside was not correlated with all other classical drug resistance mechanisms, i.e., ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCB1, ABCB5, ABCC1, ABCG2), oncogenes (EGFR, RAS), tumor suppressors (TP53, WT1), and others (GSTP1, HSP90, proliferation rate), in 59 tumor cell lines of the National Cancer Institute (NCI, USA), indicating that Breastin may indeed bypass drug resistance. COMPARE analyses with 153 anticancer agents in 74 tumor cell lines of the Oncotest panel revealed frequent correlations of Breastin with mitosis-inhibiting drugs. Using tubulin-GFP-transfected U2OS cells and confocal microscopy, it was found that the microtubule-disturbing effect of Breastin was comparable to that of the tubulin-depolymerizing drug paclitaxel. This result was verified by a tubulin polymerization assay in vitro and molecular docking in silico. Proteome profiling of 3171 proteins in the NCI panel revealed protein subsets whose expression significantly correlated with cellular responsiveness to odoroside H and neritaloside, indicating that protein expression profiles can be identified to predict the sensitivity or resistance of tumor cells to Breastin constituents. Breastin moderately inhibited breast cancer xenograft tumors in vivo. Remarkably, in contrast to what was observed with paclitaxel monotherapy, the combination of paclitaxel and Breastin prevented tumor relapse, indicating Breastin's potential for drug combination regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luay J. Rashan
- Frankincense Biodiversity Unit, Research Center, Dhofar University, Salalah 211, Oman
- Correspondence: (L.J.R.); (T.E.); Tel.: +968-2323-7357 (L.J.R.); +49-6131-3925751 (T.E.)
| | - Nadire Özenver
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Joelle C. Boulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mona Dawood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- 4HF Biotec GmbH, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum 12702, Sudan
| | - Wynand P. Roos
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Center of the University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin Franke
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | | | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: (L.J.R.); (T.E.); Tel.: +968-2323-7357 (L.J.R.); +49-6131-3925751 (T.E.)
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Bakir Çilesizoğlu N, Yalçin E, Çavuşoğlu K, Sipahi Kuloğlu S. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of Nerium oleander L. extracts associated with toxicity profile. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21421. [PMID: 36504046 PMCID: PMC9742154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, phytochemical analysis and toxicity profile of leaf and flower extracts of Nerium oleander L. species collected from Giresun province (Turkey) were investigated. In phytochemical analyzes, the cardiac glycoside, alkaloid, saponin and tannin contents of the extracts were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The physiological effects of extracts were determined by examining root elongation, weight gain and germination rates. Biochemical effects were determined by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), which are indicators of oxidative stress. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were investigated by mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal abnormality (CA) tests. N. oleander leaf and flower extract applications caused significant decreases in the physiological parameters of Allium bulbs. SOD and CAT activity in root tip cells increased significantly after the application of leaf extract compared to the control group. Similar changes were observed in the application of flower extract, but these increases were found to be at a lower level compared to the increases induced by the leaf extract. An increase in MDA levels and a decrease in GSH levels were observed in groups treated with leaf and flower extracts. These changes show that the extracts cause deterioration in antioxidant/oxidant balance. It was determined that the extracts, which caused a decrease in MI rates and an increase in MN and CAs frequencies, showed the most prominent cytotoxic and genotoxic effects at 250 μg/mL doses. These toxic effects were associated with the phytochemical content of the extracts, and it was thought that cardiac glycosides and alkaloids, whose presence were detected in qualitative and quantitative analyzes, may play an important role in toxicity. Studies investigating the therapeutic properties of plants as well as their toxic effects are insufficient, which leads to the fact that plants exhibiting potential toxicity are not well known. Therefore, this study will lead many studies on the toxicity profile of the phytochemical contents of plants. Therefore, this study will draw attention to the investigation of the toxicity profile and phytochemical contents of plants and will lead to similar studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emine Yalçin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, 28200, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, 28200, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Selin Sipahi Kuloğlu
- Department of Biology, Institute of Science, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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Dik B, Coskun D, Er A. Protective Effect of Nerium Oleander Distillate and Tarantula Cubensis Alcoholic Extract on Cancer Biomarkers on Colon and Liver Tissues of Rats with Experimental Colon Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1962-1969. [PMID: 34477527 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210903120253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancers are among the three major cancer types that result in death. The research for effective treatment continues. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine the effects of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCAE) and Nerium oleander (NO) distillate on the levels of midkine, TGF-β, VEGF, AFP, COX-2, IGF and caspase 3 in liver and colon tissues of experimentally induced colon cancer in rats. METHOD The liver and colon tissues of the rats were divided into Control, Colon Cancer (AZM), AZM+TCAE and AZM+NO groups and they were homogenized. The levels of midkine, TGF-β, VEGF, AFP, COX-2, IGF and caspase 3 in the colon and liver tissues were measured by ELISA kits. RESULTS All parameters levels of colon and liver tissues in the AZM group were generally higher (p<0.05) than the Control group. TCAE and NO prevented (p<0.05) the increases in midkine, TGF-β, VEGF, AFP, COX-2, IGF and caspase-3 levels in the colon. NO prevented increase of all parameters except for IGF level, while TCAE prevented (p<0.05) the increase of all values apart from COX-2 and IGF levels in the liver. CONCLUSION NO and TCAE may prevented at the specified marker levels of colon in the AZM induced colon cancer. The increases the level of parameters in the liver are not as severe as in the colon, due to the 18-week study period may not be sufficient for liver metastasis formationIn the future molecular studies should be done to determine the mechanisms and pathways of them more clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Dik
- Selcuk University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Devran Coskun
- Siirt University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Er
- Selcuk University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Konya, Turkey
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Bedir E, Karakoyun Ç, Doğan G, Kuru G, Küçüksolak M, Yusufoğlu H. New Cardenolides from Biotransformation of Gitoxigenin by the Endophytic Fungus Alternaria eureka 1E1BL1: Characterization and Cytotoxic Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103030. [PMID: 34069653 PMCID: PMC8161373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biotransformation is an important tool in drug discovery and for metabolism studies. To expand our bioactive natural product library via modification and to identify possible mammalian metabolites, a cytotoxic cardenolide (gitoxigenin) was biotransformed using the endophytic fungus Alternaria eureka 1E1BL1. Initially, oleandrin was isolated from the dried leaves of Nerium oleander L. and subjected to an acid-catalysed hydrolysis to obtain the substrate gitoxigenin (yield; ~25%). After 21 days of incubation, five new cardenolides 1, 3, 4, 6, and 8 and three previously- identified compounds 2, 5 and 7 were isolated using chromatographic methods. Structural elucidations were accomplished through 1D/2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS and FT-IR analysis. A. eureka catalyzed oxygenation, oxidation, epimerization and dimethyl acetal formation reactions on the substrate. Cytotoxicity of the metabolites were evaluated using MTT cell viability method, whereas doxorubicin and oleandrin were used as positive controls. Biotransformation products displayed less cytotoxicity than the substrate. The new metabolite 8 exhibited the highest activity with IC50 values of 8.25, 1.95 and 3.4 µM against A549, PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells, respectively, without causing toxicity on healthy cell lines (MRC-5 and HEK-293) up to concentration of 10 µM. Our results suggest that A. eureka is an effective biocatalyst for modifying cardenolide-type secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Bedir
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Urla-İzmir, Turkey; (G.D.); (G.K.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (Ç.K.); Tel.: +90-232-750-7389 (E.B.); +90-232-311-2598 (Ç.K.)
| | - Çiğdem Karakoyun
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-İzmir, Turkey
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (Ç.K.); Tel.: +90-232-750-7389 (E.B.); +90-232-311-2598 (Ç.K.)
| | - Gamze Doğan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Urla-İzmir, Turkey; (G.D.); (G.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Gülten Kuru
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Urla-İzmir, Turkey; (G.D.); (G.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Melis Küçüksolak
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Urla-İzmir, Turkey; (G.D.); (G.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Hasan Yusufoğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
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Singh Y, Nimoriya R, Rawat P, Mishra DK, Kanojiya S. Structural Analysis of Diastereomeric Cardiac Glycosides and Their Genins Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2021; 32:1205-1214. [PMID: 33818079 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) is an economical and indispensable tool in natural product research to investigate novel metabolites, biomarker discovery, chemical diversity exploration, and structure elucidation. In this study, the structural analysis of 38 naturally occurring cardiac glycosides (CGs) in various tissues of Nerium oleander was achieved by the extensive use of mass spectrometry. The chemical diversity of CGs was described on the basis of characteristic MS/MS fragmentation patterns, accurate mass measurement, and published scientific information on CGs from Nerium oleander. It was observed that only six genins, viz., Δ16anhydrogitoxigenin, Δ16adynerigenin, gitoxigenin, oleandrigenin, digitoxigenin, and adynerigenine, produce 38 diverse chemical structures of CGs. Among them, 20 were identified as diastereomers having a difference in a sugar (l-oleandrose, β-d-diginose, and β-d-sarmentose) unit. However, the differentiation of diastereomeric CGs was not possible by only MS/MS fragments. Thus, the diastereomer's chromatographic elution order was assigned on the basis of the relative retention time (RRt) of two reference standards (odoroside A and oleandrin) among their diastereomers. Besides this, the in-source fragmentation of CGs and the MS/MS of m/z 325 and 323 disaccharide daughter ions also exposed the intrinsic structure information on the sugar units. The daughter ions m/z 162, 145, 113, 95, and 85 in MS/MS spectra indicated the abundance of l-oleandrose, β-d-diginose, and β-d-sarmentose sugars. At the same time, m/z 161, 143, 129, and 87 product ions confirmed the presence of a β-d-digitalose unit. As a result, the UPLC-ESI/TQD system was successfully utilized for the structure characterization of CGs in Nerium oleander tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priyanka Rawat
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Shafiq Y, Naqvi SBS, Rizwani GH, Asghar MA, Bushra R, Ghayas S, Rehman AA, Asghar MA. A mechanistic study on the inhibition of bacterial growth and inflammation by Nerium oleander extract with comprehensive in vivo safety profile. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:135. [PMID: 33933037 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nerium oleander (L.) is well known traditionally used medicinal plant with several pharmacological activities. However, the anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory activity and in vivo toxicity potential of floral parts of this plant are not reported. Therefore the present study was designed to investigate these activities of Nerium oleander ethanolic flower extract (NOEE) in different animal models. Methods Antimicrobial activity of plant extract was compared with five different antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. The time-killing kinetic assay and bacterial killing mechanism of NOEE were also performed. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using granuloma induced by cotton-pellet, rat paw edema induced by carrageenan and levels of different inflammatory biomarkers on healthy Wistar rats. The protein and mRNA expressions of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were also measured. Acute (14 days) and sub-acute (28 days) oral toxicity studies were also performed on healthy Sprague Dawley rats. Results NOEE produced highly significant (P < 0.005) and significant (P < 0.05) zones of inhibition at 30 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL respectively against most of the tested bacterial strains. NOEE produced a more drop in viable counts of Gram-negative isolates within 20 min. After 12 h exposure with NOEE, the SEM images of MRSA showed the destruction of cell membrane. NOEE showed highly significant (P < 0.005) anti-inflammatory activity in cotton-pellet and carrageenan inflammatory models. In addition, treatment with NOEE also decreased the production of NO, PGE2, TNF-α and IL-1β in the rat paw after treated with carrageenan. Similarly, NOEE also suppressed the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expressions. It is also showed highly significant reduction in total leukocyte count (73.09%) and C-reactive protein levels (54.60%). NOEE also inhibited COX-1, COX-2, 5-LO and 12-LO in a highly significant manner. Moreover, acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of NOEE in rats confirm the toxicity with hepatotoxicity at higher doses (2000 mg/kg) i.e. four times greater than the therapeutic dose. Conclusion It is concluded that crude flower extract of N. oleander is a potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent with no toxicity potential at therapeutic doses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03308-z.
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Mohapatra S, Biswal AK, Dandapat J, Debata PR. Leaf Extract of Nerium oleander L. Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Migration and Arrest of Cell Cycle at G2/M Phase in HeLa Cervical Cancer Cell. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:649-657. [PMID: 32781975 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200811121400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynaecological malignant tumors reported in women. Although a number of early screening and treatment options are available, mortality due to cervical cancer remains high. Nerium oleander L. is a potential medicinal plant that possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological and physiological activities including anticancer activities. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the antiproliferative activity, inhibition of cell migration and cell cycle arrest by the chloroform extract of leaves of Nerium Oleander L. in HeLa cervical cancer cells. The chloroform extract of Catharanthus roseus which contains anti-cancer compounds, Vinblastin and Vincristin, was used as a positive control for this study. METHODS The chloroform extracts of Nerium oleander L. and Catharanthus roseus were prepared using the standard protocol. The cytotoxic effects were studied by MTT assay. Cell migration was studied by in vitro scratch assay. Analysis of the cell cycle was carried out by Propidium iodide staining and Flow Cytometry. The expression level of various proteins was evaluated by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS In this study, we showed that the leaf extract of Nerium oleander inhibited the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells in culture and inhibited cell migration. Besides, it arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression and phosphorylated p-Rb (Ser 780) level were significantly downregulated by leaf extract of Nerium oleander. CONCLUSION The extract of Nerium oleander L. contains potential bioactive compounds that inhibit HeLa cell proliferation, cell migration and arrest cell cycle at the G2/M phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhasmita Mohapatra
- P.G. Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, 757003, India
| | - Anil K Biswal
- P.G. Department of Botany, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, 757003, India
| | - Jagnehswar Dandapat
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar Odisha, 751004, India
| | - Priya R Debata
- P.G. Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, 757003, India
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Alami Merrouni I, Elachouri M. Anticancer medicinal plants used by Moroccan people: Ethnobotanical, preclinical, phytochemical and clinical evidence. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 266:113435. [PMID: 33022340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cancer is a major health problem worldwide. Drugs' side effects and high cost of treatment remain the main limitations of conventional therapy. Nowadays, developing new therapeutic strategies is necessary. Therefore, medicinal plants can be used to promote novel, safe, and potent anticancer drugs through their natural compounds. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to provide scientific evidence related to the anticancer activities of medicinal plants used by Moroccan people as well as approving their efficiency as an alternative cancer therapy. METHODS An ethnopharmacological review approach was conducted by analyzing Moroccan published ethnobotanical surveys from 1991 to 2019 and consulting peer-reviewed articles worldwide to investigate the pharmacological, phytochemical, and clinical effects related to the anticancer activities. Plants with anticancer proprieties were classified into four groups: (a) plants only cited as anticancer, (b) plants pharmacologically investigated, (c) plants with bioactive compounds tested as anticancer, and (d) plants clinically investigated. RESULTS A total of 103 plant species belonging to 47 botanical families used by Moroccans to treat cancer have been recorded. Aristolochia fontanesii Boiss. & Reut, Marrubium vulgare L., and Allium sativum L. are the most referred species in Morocco. Medicinal plants used for cancer treatment were classified into four groups: 48 species were used traditionally as anticancer (group a), 41 species pharmacologically investigated for their anticancer activities (group b), 32 plants with bioactive compounds tested against cancer (group c), and eight plants were clinically investigated for their anticancer effects (group d). Out of 82 plants' extracts pharmacologically tested (from plants of group b), only 24 ones show a significant cytotoxic effect. A total of seventy-seven compounds are isolated from plants of group (c). However, only six ones were clinically evaluated, and most of them exhibit a beneficial effect on cancerous patients with few side effects. CONCLUSION Medicinal plants can be a promising candidate for alternative cancer therapy. Nevertheless, it is critical to increasing the clinical trials to confirm their beneficial effect on patients with cancer. Overall, this review can serve as a database for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyass Alami Merrouni
- Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics, and Ethnopharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Mostafa Elachouri
- Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics, and Ethnopharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
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Abstract
Myanmar is a country with rich natural resources and of these, medicinal plants play a vital role in the primary health care of its population. The people of Myanmar have used their own system of traditional medicine inclusive of the use of medicinal plants for 2000 years. However, systematic and scientific studies have only recently begun to be reported. Researchers from Japan, Germany, and Korea have collaborated with researchers in Myanmar on medicinal plants since 2000. During the past two decades, over 50 publications have been published in peer-reviewed journals. Altogether, 433 phytoconstituents, including 147 new and 286 known compounds from 26 plant species consisting of 29 samples native to Myanmar, have been collated. In this contribution, phytochemical and biological investigations of these plants, including information on traditional knowledge are compiled and discussed.
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Ruta LL, Popa CV, Farcasanu IC. Cytotoxicity of Oleandrin Is Mediated by Calcium Influx and by Increased Manganese Uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E4259. [PMID: 32957533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleandrin, the main component of Nerium oleander L. extracts, is a cardiotoxic glycoside with multiple pharmacological implications, having potential anti-tumoral and antiviral characteristics. Although it is accepted that the main mechanism of oleandrin action is the inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPases and subsequent increase in cell calcium, many aspects which determine oleandrin cytotoxicity remain elusive. In this study, we used the model Saccharomyces cerevisiae to unravel new elements accounting for oleandrin toxicity. Using cells expressing the Ca2+-sensitive photoprotein aequorin, we found that oleandrin exposure resulted in Ca2+ influx into the cytosol and that failing to pump Ca2+ from the cytosol to the vacuole increased oleandrin toxicity. We also found that oleandrin exposure induced Mn2+ accumulation by yeast cells via the plasma membrane Smf1 and that mutants with defects in Mn2+ homeostasis are oleandrin-hypersensitive. Our data suggest that combining oleandrin with agents which alter Ca2+ or Mn2+ uptake may be a way of controlling oleandrin toxicity.
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Michalak K, Rárová L, Kubala M, Štenclová T, Strnad M, Wicha J. Synthesis and evaluation of Na +/K +-ATP-ase inhibiting and cytotoxic in vitro activities of oleandrigenin and its selected 17β-(butenolidyl)- and 17β-(3-furyl)- analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 202:112520. [PMID: 32645647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Natural cardiac-active principles built upon the 14,16β-dihydroxy-5β,14β-androstane core and bearing a heterocyclic substituent at 17β, in particular, a cardenolide - oleandrin and a bufadienolide - bufotalin, are receiving a great deal of attention as potential anticancer drugs. The densely substituted and sterically shielded ring D is the particular structural feature of these compounds. The first synthesis of oleandrigenin from easily available steroid starting material is reported here. Furthermore, selected 17β-(4-butenolidyl)- and 17β-(3-furyl)-14,16β-dihydroxy-androstane derivatives were en route synthesized and examined for their Na+/K+-ATP-ase inhibitory properties as well as cytotoxic activities in normal and cancer cell lines. It was found that the furyl-analogue of oleandrigenin/bufatalin (7) and some related 17-(3-furyl)- derivatives (19, 21) show remarkably high Na+/K+-ATP-ase inhibitory activity as well as significant cytotoxicity in vitro. In addition, oleandrigenin 2 compared to derivatives 21 and 25 induced strong apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells after 24 h of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucie Rárová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, University Hospital in Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, CZ-775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kubala
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 41, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Štenclová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, University Hospital in Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, CZ-775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jerzy Wicha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
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Michalak K, Rárová L, Kubala M, Čechová P, Strnad M, Wicha J. Synthesis and evaluation of cytotoxic and Na+/K+-ATP-ase inhibitory activity of selected 5α-oleandrigenin derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:417-429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Liu R, Su B, Huang F, Ru M, Zhang H, Qin Z, Li Y, Zhu K. Identification and analysis of cardiac glycosides in Loranthaceae parasites Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser and Scurrula parasitica Linn. and their host Nerium indicum Mill. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:450-459. [PMID: 31220703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of the host plant on the quality of Loranthaceae species as medicinal raw material, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was used to identify cardiac glycosides in Nerium indicum and its parasitic plant species Taxillus chinensis and Scurrula parasitica. Samples were collected from N. indicum and these parasites, while Morus alba and its parasite T. chinensis and Osmanthus fragrans and its parasite S. parasitica were used as controls. Based on mass spectrometry data and elemental composition analysis of positive and negative ion modes, in combination with standard cardiac glycosides and relevant literature, cardiac glycosides in N. indicum and its parasites T. chinensis and S. parasitica were identified, and their correlations were analyzed. A total of 29 cardiac glycosides were identified, among which 28 were found in N. indicum parasitized by T. chinensis; 25 cardiac glycosides were identified in the same host under attack by S. parasitica; five cardiac glycosides were identified in both T. chinensis and S. parasitica, which grew parasitically on N. indicum, whereas no cardiac glycosides were identified in M. alba parasitized by T. chinensis, or in O. fragrans parasitized by S. parasitica. We conclude that UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology can identify cardiac glycosides in N. indicum and parasites T. chinensis and S. parasitica rapidly, accurately, and thoroughly. N. indicum will transfer its own cardiac glycosides to its parasites through the special host-parasite interaction. Our results provide a reference basis for evaluating the influence of the host plant on the quality of medicinal compounds obtained from Loranthaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyuan Liu
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China
| | - Benwei Su
- Qinzhou Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qinzhou, 535000, PR China
| | - Feiying Huang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China
| | - Mei Ru
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China
| | - Zhanmin Qin
- Wuzhou Yuanjiangxiangshui Sangjisheng Bio-Technique Co. Ltd, Wuzhou, 543100, PR China
| | - Yonghua Li
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China.
| | - Kaixin Zhu
- Qinzhou Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qinzhou, 535000, PR China.
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Ko YS, Rugira T, Jin H, Park SW, Kim HJ. Oleandrin and Its Derivative Odoroside A, Both Cardiac Glycosides, Exhibit Anticancer Effects by Inhibiting Invasion via Suppressing the STAT-3 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3350. [PMID: 30373171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac glycosides oleandrin and odoroside A, polyphenolic monomer compounds extracted from Nerium oleander, have been found to have antitumor effects on various tumors at low doses. However, the mechanisms of anticancer effects of oleandrin and odoroside A are not well known. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of oleandrin and odoroside A and their associated mechanisms in highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and radiotherapy-resistant (RT-R) MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results showed that oleandrin and odoroside A dose-dependently decreased the colony formation and the invasion of both cell lines at nanomolar ranges. Furthermore, oleandrin (50 nM) and odoroside A (100 nM) reduced octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (OCT3/4) and β-catenin levels and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity. Finally, we found that phospho-STAT-3 levels were increased in MDA-MB-231 and RT-R-MDA-MB-231, but not in endothelial cells (ECs), and that the levels were significantly decreased by oleandrin (50 nM) and odoroside A (100 nM). Inhibition of phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 significantly reduced OCT3/4 and β-catenin levels and MMP-9 activity, ultimately resulting in reduced invasion. These results suggest that the anticancer effects of oleandrin and odoroside A might be due to the inhibition of invasion through of phospho-STAT-3-mediated pathways that are involved in the regulation of invasion-related molecules.
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Fatima A, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Yaseen G, Zada Khan MP, Butt MA, Sultana S. Ethnopharmacological relevance of medicinal plants used for the treatment of oral diseases in Central Punjab-Pakistan. J Herb Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chan EW, Wong SK, Chan HT. Apocynaceae species with antiproliferative and/or antiplasmodial properties: a review of ten genera. J Integr Med 2016; 14:269-84. [PMID: 27417173 DOI: 10.1016/S2095-4964(16)60261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Apocynaceae is a large family of tropical trees, shrubs and vines with most species producing white latex. Major metabolites of species are triterpenoids, iridoids, alkaloids and cardenolides, which are known for a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities such as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antimalarial properties. Prompted by their anticancer and antimalarial properties, the current knowledge on ten genera (Allamanda, Alstonia, Calotropis, Catharanthus, Cerbera, Dyera, Kopsia, Nerium, Plumeria and Vallaris) is updated. Major classes of metabolites are described using some species as examples. Species with antiproliferative (APF) and/or antiplasmodial (APM) properties have been identified. With the exception of the genus Dyera, nine genera of 22 species possess APF activity. Seven genera (Alstonia, Calotropis, Catharanthus, Dyera, Kopsia, Plumeria and Vallaris) of 13 species have APM properties. Among these species, Alstonia angustiloba, Alstonia macrophylla, Calotropis gigantea, Calotropis procera, Catharanthus roseus, Plumeria alba and Vallaris glabra displayed both APF and APM properties. The chemical constituents of these seven species are compiled for assessment and further research.
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Abstract
Six new cardenolides (1-6), including three 14-hydroxylated cardenolides and three 14-carbonylated cardenolides were isolated from the dried aerial parts of Nerium oleander Linn in addition to twenty-seven known compounds (7-33). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic evidences and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1, 4, 7-10 and 13 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against four colon cancer cell lines (HCT116, HT29, SW620, RKO), one gastric cancer cell line (GT) and one cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Lin Cao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Meng-Han Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yun-Fang Lu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Chen-Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Jin-Shan Tang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Miao-Miao Jiang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Nolte E, Wach S, Silva IT, Lukat S, Ekici AB, Munkert J, Müller-Uri F, Kreis W, Oliveira Simões CM, Vera J, Wullich B, Taubert H, Lai X. A new semisynthetic cardenolide analog 3β-[2-(1-amantadine)- 1-on-ethylamine]-digitoxigenin (AMANTADIG) affects G2/M cell cycle arrest and miRNA expression profiles and enhances proapoptotic survivin-2B expression in renal cell carcinoma cell lines. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11676-11691. [PMID: 28099931 PMCID: PMC5355295 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides are well known in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases; however, their application as treatment option for cancer patients is under discussion. We showed that the cardiac glycoside digitoxin and its analog AMANTADIG can inhibit the growth of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines and increase G2/M cell cycle arrest. To identify the signaling pathways and molecular basis of this G2/M arrest, microRNAs were profiled using microRNA arrays. Cardiac glycoside treatment significantly deregulated two microRNAs, miR-2278 and miR-670-5p. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that all cardiac glycoside treatments affected the MAPK and the axon guidance pathway. Within these pathways, three genes, MAPK1, NRAS and RAC2, were identified as in silico targets of the deregulated miRNAs. MAPK1 and NRAS are known regulators of G2/M cell cycle arrest. AMANTADIG treatment enhanced the expression of phosphorylated MAPK1 in 786-O cells. Secondly, we studied the expression of survivin known to be affected by cardiac glycosides and to regulate the G2/M cell phase. AMANTADIG treatment upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic survivin-2B variant in Caki-1 and 786-O cells. Moreover, treatment with AMANTADIG resulted in significantly lower survivin protein expression compared to 786-O control cells. Summarizing, treatment with all cardiac glycosides induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and downregulated the miR-2278 and miR-670-5p in microarray analysis. All cardiac glycosides affected the MAPK-pathway and survivin expression, both associated with the G2/M phase. Because cells in the G2/M phase are radio- and chemotherapy sensitive, cardiac glycosides like AMANTADIG could potentially improve the efficacy of radio- and/or chemotherapy in RCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Nolte
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Wach
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Izabella Thais Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sabine Lukat
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Munkert
- Department of Biology, Chair of Pharmaceutical Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frieder Müller-Uri
- Department of Biology, Chair of Pharmaceutical Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kreis
- Department of Biology, Chair of Pharmaceutical Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wullich
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xin Lai
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Gunes A, Guler E, Un RN, Demir B, Barlas FB, Yavuz M, Coskunol H, Timur S. Niosomes of Nerium oleander extracts: In vitro assessment of bioactive nanovesicular structures. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Rascón-Valenzuela LA, Velázquez C, Garibay-Escobar A, Vilegas W, Medina-Juárez LA, Gámez-Meza N, Robles-Zepeda RE. Apoptotic activities of cardenolide glycosides from Asclepias subulata. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 193:303-311. [PMID: 27545974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Asclepias subulata Decne. (Apocynaceae) is a shrub occurring in Sonora-Arizona desert. The ethnic groups of Sonora, Mexico, Seris and Pimas, use this plant for the treatment of sore eyes, gastrointestinal disorders and cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the cell death pathways that the cardenolide glycosides with antiproliferative activity found in the methanol extract of A. subulata are able to activate. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of cardenolide glycosides isolated of A. subulata on induction of apoptosis in cancer cells was evaluated through the measuring of several key events of apoptosis. A549 cells were treated for 12h with doses of 3.0, 0.2, 3.0 and 1.0µM of 12, 16-dihydroxicalotropin, calotropin, corotoxigenin 3-O-glucopyranoside and desglucouzarin, respectively. Apoptotic and necrotic cell levels were measured by double staining with annexin V-FITC/PI. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization was examined through JC-1 staining. Apoptosis cell death and the apoptosis pathways activated by cardenolide glycosides isolated of A. subulata were further characterized by the measurement of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 activity. RESULTS Apoptotic assays showed that the four cardenolide glycosides isolated of A. subulata induced apoptosis in A549 cells, which was evidencing by phosphatidylserine externalization in 18.2%, 17.0%, 23.9% and 22.0% for 12, 16-dihydroxicalotropin, calotropin, corotoxigenin 3-O-glucopyranoside and desglucouzarin, respectively, compared with 4.6% of control cells. Cell death was also associated with a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, which was more than 75% in the treated cultures respect to control. The activation of caspase-3 was observed in all cardenolide glycosides-treated cancer cells indicating the caspase-dependent apoptosis of A549 cells. Extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways were activated by cardenolide glycosides treatment at the doses tested. CONCLUSION In this study was found that cardenolide glycosides, 12, 16-dihydroxicalotropin, calotropin, corotoxigenin 3-O-glucopyranoside and desglucouzarin, isolated from A. subulata induced the cell death trough caspase-dependent apoptosis, which was activated, preferably, by extrinsic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Rascón-Valenzuela
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Colosio s/n, entre Sahuaripa y Reforma Colonia Centro, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - C Velázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Encinas y Rosales Hermosillo, Sonora, México.
| | - A Garibay-Escobar
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Encinas y Rosales Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - W Vilegas
- UNESP - São Paulo State University - Institute of Biosciences, Coastal Campus of São Vicente, Brasil
| | - L A Medina-Juárez
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Colosio s/n, entre Sahuaripa y Reforma Colonia Centro, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - N Gámez-Meza
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Colosio s/n, entre Sahuaripa y Reforma Colonia Centro, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - R E Robles-Zepeda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Encinas y Rosales Hermosillo, Sonora, México.
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Michalak K, Morawiak M, Wicha J. Synthetic Approach to the Core Structure of Oleandrin and Related Cardiac Glycosides with Highly Functionalized Ring D. Org Lett 2016; 18:6148-6151. [PMID: 27934370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first synthetic approach to the core structure of cardiac glycoside oleandrin exhibiting a potent cytotoxic activity, starting from a common androstane derivative, has been accomplished. The synthesis is focused on stereoselective transformations in the densely substituted and sterically shielded five-membered ring (steroid ring D). The developed synthesis paves a route to the synthesis of related bufadienolides, i.e., constituents of traditional drug Ch'an Su, bufotalin, and cinobufagin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maja Morawiak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wicha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Wen S, Chen Y, Lu Y, Wang Y, Ding L, Jiang M. Cardenolides from the Apocynaceae family and their anticancer activity. Fitoterapia 2016; 112:74-84. [PMID: 27167183 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardenolides, as a group of natural products that can bind to Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase with an inhibiting activity, are traditionally used to treat congestive heart failure. Recent studies have demonstrated that the strong tumor cytotoxicities of cardenolides are mainly due to inducing the tumor cells apoptosis through different expression and cellular location of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase α-subunits. The leaves, flesh, seeds and juices of numerous plants from the genera of Nerium, Thevetia, Cerbera, Apocynum and Strophanthus in Apocynaceae family, are the major sources of natural cardenolides. So far, 109 cardenolides have been isolated and identified from this family, and about a quarter of them are reported to exhibit the capability to regulate cancer cell survival and death through multiple signaling pathways. In this review, we compile the phytochemical characteristics and anticancer activity of the cardenolides from this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Wen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin, International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin, International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yunfang Lu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin, International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Liqin Ding
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Miaomiao Jiang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Knittel DN, Lorenz P, Huber U, Stintzing FC, Kammerer DR. Characterization of the cardiac glycoside and lipid profiles of Strophanthus kombé Oliv. seeds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 71:55-64. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2015-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The seeds of Strophanthus kombé Oliv. are known to contain high levels of cardioactive compounds. However, the therapeutic use of Strophanthus in the treatment of cardiopathy requires more detailed knowledge of the compound profile to profit from the full potential of Strophanthus preparations. Therefore, the objective was to characterize the cardenolide profile and lipophilic constituents in S. kombé seeds using methods applicable in routine quality control. Freshly prepared S. kombé seed extracts were analyzed without previous sample clean-up using a novel HPLC-DAD-MSn method. In addition, seed oils were analyzed by GC-MS following derivatization of the lipids. More than 20 cardenolides were tentatively assigned in the seed extracts including strophanthidin, strophanthidol, periplogenin and strophanthidinic acid aglycones, carrying various saccharide moieties. The findings revealed the presence of eight novel cardenolides, which have not been described for S. kombé so far. The occurrence of strophanthidinic acid derivatives was verified by comparison with synthesized strophanthidinic acid-cymaropyranoside. GC-MS characterization of the oils mainly revealed the presence of fatty acids, especially oleic acid and linoleic acid, as well as phytosterols, the latter representing intermediates of cardenolide biosynthesis. In summary, these findings broaden our knowledge on the secondary metabolism of Strophanthus.
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Affeldt RF, Santos FP, da Silva RS, Rodrigues OED, Wessjohann LA, Lüdtke DS. Stereoselective glycoconjugation of steroids with selenocarbohydrates. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A methodology that brings together sugar and steroid scaffolds linked by a selenium atom is discussed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo F. Affeldt
- Institute of Chemistry
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre
- Brazil
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry
| | - Francisco P. Santos
- Institute of Chemistry
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Diogo S. Lüdtke
- Institute of Chemistry
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre
- Brazil
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Sawadogo WR, Cerella C, Al-Mourabit A, Moriou C, Teiten MH, Guissou IP, Dicato M, Diederich M. Cytotoxic, Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of 5-Hydroxyl-6,7,3',4',5'-Pentamethoxyflavone Isolated from Lantana ukambensis. Nutrients 2015; 7:10388-97. [PMID: 26690473 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lantana ukambensis (Vatke) Verdc. is an African food and medicinal plant. Its red fruits are eaten and highly appreciated by the rural population. This plant was extensively used in African folk medicinal traditions to treat chronic wounds but also as anti-leishmanial or cytotoxic remedies, especially in Burkina Faso, Tanzania, Kenya, or Ethiopia. This study investigates the in vitro bioactivity of polymethoxyflavones extracted from a L. ukambensis as anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic agents. We isolated two known polymethoxyflavones, 5,6,7,3′,4′,5′-hexamethoxyflavone (1) and 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′,5′-pentamethoxyflavone (2) from the whole plant of L. ukambensis. Their chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with published data. These molecules were tested for the anti-proliferative, cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects on human cancer cells. Among them, 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′,5′-pentamethoxyflavone (2) was selectively cytotoxic against monocytic lymphoma (U937), acute T cell leukemia (Jurkat), and chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562) cell lines, but not against peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors, at all tested concentrations. Moreover, this compound exhibited significant anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects against U937 acute myelogenous leukemia cells. This study highlights the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′,5′-pentamethoxyflavone (2) and provides a scientific basis of traditional use of L. ukambensis.
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Rascón-Valenzuela L, Velázquez C, Garibay-Escobar A, Medina-Juárez LA, Vilegas W, Robles-Zepeda RE. Antiproliferative activity of cardenolide glycosides from Asclepias subulata. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 171:280-286. [PMID: 26068432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Asclepias subulata Decne. is a shrub occurring in Sonora-Arizona desert (Mexico-USA). The ethnic groups, Seris and Pimas, use this plant for the treatment of sore eyes, gastrointestinal disorders and cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY To isolate the compounds responsible for antiproliferative activity of the methanol extract of A. subulata. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bioguided fractionation of methanol extract of A. subulata was performed using MTT assay to measure the antiproliferative activity of different compounds on three human cancer cell lines (A549, LS 180 and PC-3), one murine cancer cell line (RAW 264.7) and one human normal cell line (ARPE-19). The methanol extract was partitioned with hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The active fractions, ethanol and residual, were fractioned by silica-column chromatography and active sub-fractions were separated using HPLC. The chemical structures of isolated compounds were elucidated with different chemical and spectroscopic methods. RESULTS A new cardenolide glycoside, 12, 16-dihydroxycalotropin, and three known, calotropin, corotoxigenin 3-O-glucopyranoside and desglucouzarin, were isolated of active sub-fractions. All isolated compounds showed a strong antiproliferative activity in human cancer cells. Calotropin was the more active with IC50 values of 0.0013, 0.06 and 0.41 µM on A549, LS 180 and PC-3 cell lines, respectively; while 12, 16-dihydroxycalotropin reached values of 2.48, 5.62 and 11.70 µM, on the same cells; corotoxigenin 3-O-glucopyranoside had IC50 of 2.64, 3.15 and 6.62 µM and desglucouzarin showed values of 0.90, 6.57 and 6.62, µM. Doxorubicin, positive control, showed IC50 values of 1.78, 6.99 and 3.18 µM, respectively. The isolated compounds had a weak effect on murine cancer cells and human normal cells, exhibiting selectivity to human cancer cells. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that 12, 16-dihydroxicalotropin, calotropin, corotoxigenin 3-O-glucopyranoside and desglucouzarin are responsible of antiproliferative properties of A. subulata, and that these compounds are highly selective to human cancer cells. Further studies are needed in order to establish the action mechanisms of the isolated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rascón-Valenzuela
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Colosio s/n, entre Sahuaripa y Reforma Colonia Centro, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora México
| | - C Velázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Encinas y Rosales Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - A Garibay-Escobar
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Encinas y Rosales Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - L A Medina-Juárez
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Colosio s/n, entre Sahuaripa y Reforma Colonia Centro, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora México
| | - W Vilegas
- UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Câmpus do Litoral Paulista, Praça Infante D. Henrique, s/n, CEP 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - R E Robles-Zepeda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Encinas y Rosales Hermosillo, Sonora, México.
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Dey P, Ray S, Sarkar MP, Chaudhuri TK. Chemical characterization and assessment of antioxidant potentiality of Streptocaulon sylvestre Wight, an endangered plant of sub-Himalayan plains of West Bengal and Sikkim. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:107. [PMID: 25888746 PMCID: PMC4396540 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background S. sylvestre Wright is an extremely rare plant, found only in the sub-Himalayan Terai region of West Bengal and neighboring Sikkim foot-hills. The plant has never been evaluated for any pharmaceutical properties. The phytochemical status of the plant is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities and analysis of bioactive compounds present in S. sylvestre. Methods S. sylvestre methanolic extract (SSME) was evaluated for different free radical scavenging activities such as hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, singlet oxygen, hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrite, superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging etc. Iron chelating capacity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation were studied in addition to the assessment of haemolytic activity and erythrocyte membrane stabilizing activity (EMSA). Chemical characterization of SSME were performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results The results indicate that SSME possess potent antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 113.06 ± 5.67 μg/ml, 63.93 ± 4.16 μg/ml and 142.14 ± 6.13 μg/ml for hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical and hypochlorous acid, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed presence of different phenolic secondary metabolites such as gallic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, myricetin, quercetin etc. GC-MS analysis displayed the predominance of γ-sitosterol, vitamin E and squalene in SSME. Conclusion The present study provides a convincing evidence that S. sylvestre not only possess potent antioxidant activity but also can be used as a source of natural bioactive phytochemicals in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0629-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Rascón Valenzuela LA, Jiménez Estrada M, Velázquez Contreras CA, Garibay Escobar A, Medina Juárez LA, Gámez Meza N, Robles Zepeda RE. Antiproliferative and apoptotic activities of extracts of Asclepias subulata. Pharm Biol 2015; 53:1741-1751. [PMID: 25853961 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1005752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Asclepias subulata Decne. (Apocynaceae) is a shrub used in the Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of cancer. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of methanol extract of aerial parts of A. subulata and its fractions against different cancer cell lines. Additionally, we analyzed the mechanism of action of the active fractions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanol extract fractions were prepared by serial extraction with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The antiproliferative activity of methanol extract and its fractions was evaluated, against several murine (M12.C3.F6, RAW 264.7, and L929) and human (HeLa, A549, PC-3, LS 180, and ARPE-19) cell lines by the MTT assay, using concentrations of 0.4-400 µg/mL for 48 h. Ethanol and residual fractions were separated using silica gel column. Apoptosis induction of cancer cells was evaluated by Annexin and JC-1 staining using flow cytometry. RESULTS Methanol extract and its fractions showed antiproliferative activity against all human cancer cell lines tested. Methanol extract had the highest antiproliferative activity on A549 and HeLa cells (IC50 values < 0.4 and 8.7 µg/mL, respectively). Ethanol and residual fractions exerted significant antiproliferative effect on A549 (IC50 < 0.4 µg/mL) and PC3 cells (IC50 1.4 and 5.1 µg/mL). Apoptotic assays showed that CEF7, CEF9, CRF6, and CRF5 fractions induced mitochondrial depolarization in A549 cells, 70, 73, 77, and 80%, respectively. Those fractions triggered the apoptosis mitochondrial pathway. CONCLUSION Our data show that A. subulata extracts have potent antiproliferative properties on human cancer cell lines. This plant should be considered an important source of potent anticancer compounds.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nerium oleander has been widely studied for medicinal purposes for variety of maladies. N. oleander has also been reported having noxious effects because of its number of components that may show signs of toxicity by inhibiting plasma lemma Na+, K+-ATPase. The present study was performed to scrutinize the toxic effect of N. oleander leaves extract and its clinical and pathological features in wistar rats. RESULTS Hematological analysis showed significant variations in RBCs count (P = 0.01), Hb (P = 0.001), Hct (P = 0.0003), MCV (P = 0.013), lymphocyte count (P = 0.015), neutrophil count (P = 0.003), monocyte count (P = 0.012) and eosinophil count (P = 0.006). Histopathological studies have shown that in T1 group noticeable infiltration of inflammatory cells was found with low level of vascular damage. In T2 group, increased proportion of binucleated and inflammatory cells, hepatic necrosis, widening of sinusoidal spaces and mild level of vascular damage was observed. CONCLUSION Taken together these findings we can conclude that N. oleander leaves extract significantly affects on experimental animals due to its toxicity. Efforts must be exerted to purify different chemical components from extract with no inflammation as this plant is utilized in folk medicine with narrow therapeutic indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasleem Akhtar
- />Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Q-A Campus, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- />Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Q-A Campus, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
| | - Muddasir Hassan Abbasi
- />Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Q-A Campus, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
- />Department of Zoology, Government College of Science, Wahdat Road, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
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Versiani MA, Ahmed SK, Ikram A, Ali ST, Yasmeen K, Faizi S. Chemical constituents and biological activities of Adenium obesum (Forsk.) Roem. et Schult. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:171-80. [PMID: 24591309 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Versiani
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi-75300, Pakistan (phone: +92-21-99244141-146, fax: +92-21-99244272).
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Pan Y, Rhea P, Tan L, Cartwright C, Lee HJ, Ravoori MK, Addington C, Gagea M, Kundra V, Kim SJ, Newman RA, Yang P. PBI-05204, a supercritical CO₂ extract of Nerium oleander, inhibits growth of human pancreatic cancer via targeting the PI3K/mTOR pathway. Invest New Drugs 2014; 33:271-9. [PMID: 25476893 PMCID: PMC4387257 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Oleandrin, a cardiac glycoside, exerts strong anti-proliferative activity against various human malignancies in in vitro cells. Here, we report the antitumor efficacy of PBI-05204, a supercritical C0₂ extract of Nerium oleander containing oleandrin, in a human pancreatic cancer Panc-1 orthotopic model. Results While all the control mice exhibited tumors by the end of treatment, only 2 of 8 mice (25%) treated for 6 weeks with PBI-05204 (40 mg/kg) showed dissectible tumor at the end of the treatment period. The average tumor weight (222.9 ± 116.9 mg) in mice treated with PBI-05204 (20 mg/kg) was significantly reduced from that in controls (920.0 ± 430.0 mg) (p < 0.05). Histopathologic examination of serial sections from each pancreas with no dissectible tumor in the PBI-05204 (40 mg/kg) treated group showed that the pancreatic tissues of 5/6 mice were normal while the remaining mouse had a tumor the largest diameter of which was less than 2.3 mm. In contrast, while gemcitabine alone did not significantly reduce tumor growth, PBI-05204 markedly enhanced the antitumor efficacy of gemcitabine in this particular model. Ki-67 staining was reduced in pancreatic tumors from mice treated with PBI-05204 (20 mg/kg) compared to that of control, suggesting that PBI-05204 inhibited the proliferation of the Panc-1 tumor cells. PBI-05204 suppressed expression of pAkt, pS6, and p4EPB1 in a concentration-dependent manner in both Panc-1 tumor tissues and human pancreatic cancer cell lines, implying that this novel botanical drug exerts its potent antitumor activity, at least in part, through down-regulation of PI3k/Akt and mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pan
- Department of General Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 0462, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Calderón-Montaño JM, Burgos-Morón E, Orta ML, Maldonado-Navas D, García-Domínguez I, López-Lázaro M. Evaluating the cancer therapeutic potential of cardiac glycosides. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014:794930. [PMID: 24895612 DOI: 10.1155/2014/794930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides, also known as cardiotonic steroids, are a group of natural products that share a steroid-like structure with an unsaturated lactone ring and the ability to induce cardiotonic effects mediated by a selective inhibition of the Na+/K+-ATPase. Cardiac glycosides have been used for many years in the treatment of cardiac congestion and some types of cardiac arrhythmias. Recent data suggest that cardiac glycosides may also be useful in the treatment of cancer. These compounds typically inhibit cancer cell proliferation at nanomolar concentrations, and recent high-throughput screenings of drug libraries have therefore identified cardiac glycosides as potent inhibitors of cancer cell growth. Cardiac glycosides can also block tumor growth in rodent models, which further supports the idea that they have potential for cancer therapy. Evidence also suggests, however, that cardiac glycosides may not inhibit cancer cell proliferation selectively and the potent inhibition of tumor growth induced by cardiac glycosides in mice xenografted with human cancer cells is probably an experimental artifact caused by their ability to selectively kill human cells versus rodent cells. This paper reviews such evidence and discusses experimental approaches that could be used to reveal the cancer therapeutic potential of cardiac glycosides in preclinical studies.
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Abstract
Steroids are important biodynamic agents. Their affinities for various nuclear receptors have been an interesting feature to utilize them for drug development particularly for receptor mediated diseases. Steroid biochemistry and its crucial role in human physiology, has attained importance among the researchers. Recent years have seen an extensive focus on modification of steroids. The rational modifications of perhydrocyclopentanophenanthrene nucleus of steroids have yielded several important anticancer lead molecules. Exemestane, SR16157, fulvestrant and 2-methoxyestradiol are some of the successful leads emerged on steroidal pharmacophores. The present review is an update on some of the steroidal leads obtained during past 25 years. Various steroid based enzyme inhibitors, antiestrogens, cytotoxic conjugates and steroidal cytotoxic molecules of natural as well as synthetic origin have been highlighted. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Gupta
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226015, U.P., India
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Ali NAA, Al-Fatimi MA, Crouch RA, Denkert A, Setzer WN, Wessjohann L. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oil of Tarchonanthus camphoratus. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaf essential oil of Tarchonanthuscamphoratus(As teraceae) was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Fifty-six components were characterized, representing 94.2% of the total oil with oxygenated monoterpenes (48.3%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (32.7%) as the major groups. The principal constituents were identified as endo-fenchol (21.2%), trans-pinene hydrate (8.8%), caryophyllene oxide (7.5%), α-terpineol (6.4%), τ-cadinol (6.4%), and α-cadinol (5.2%). The essential oil was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity using a disc diffusion assay resulting in the moderate inhibition of a number of common human pathogenic bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and the yeast Candida albicans. The inhibition zones varied from 10 to 14mm/disc. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of the essential oil was examined using an in vitroradical scavenging activity test. The T. camphoratus essential oil scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), resulting in an IC50value of 5.6 mg/mL. At concentrations of 100 and 50μg/mL, the oil showed cytotoxic activity, with growth inhibition of 59.1% (±4.2), and 16.2% (±8.7) against HT29 tumor cells (human colonic adenocarcinoma cells), respectively(IC50 = 84.7 ± 7.5 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser A. Awadh Ali
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana'a University, P. O. Box 13150, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Mohamed A. Al-Fatimi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aden University, P.O. Box 5411 Maalla, Aden, Yemen
| | - Rebecca A. Crouch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Annika Denkert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bio-organic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Ludger Wessjohann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bio-organic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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Abstract
The potential of a uniquely permissive engineered glycosyltransferase (OleD ASP) as a catalyst for steroid glycosylation is highlighted. The ability of OleD ASP to glucosylate a range of cardenolides and bufadienolides was assessed using a rapid LC-UV/MS-SPE-NMR analytical platform. While a bias toward OleD-catalyzed C3 monoglucosylation was observed, subtle alterations of the steroidal architecture, in some cases, invoked diglucosylation or, in one case (digoxigenin), C12 glucosylation. This latter case represents the first, and highly efficient, synthesis of digoxigenin 12-O-β-D-glucoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoquan Zhou
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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Sawadogo WR, Schumacher M, Teiten MH, Dicato M, Diederich M. Traditional West African pharmacopeia, plants and derived compounds for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:1225-40. [PMID: 22846603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Traditional pharmacopeia is strongly involved in the continuous search for the well being of African populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of the population of developing countries relies on traditional medicine for their primary care needs. Medicinal plants are the major resource of this folk medicine where several species are used for the treatment of diseases with an inflammatory and/or infectious component as it is the case of old wounds, skin diseases and malfunctions affecting internal organs such as liver, lung, prostate and kidney. Many of these pathologies described by practitioners of traditional medicine have similarities with certain cancers, but the lack of training of many of these healers does not allow them to establish a link with cancer. However, ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological surveys conducted by several researchers allowed to identify plants of interest for cancer treatment. Most scientific investigations on these plants demonstrated an anti-inflammatory or antioxidant effect, and sometimes, antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against cancer cells were reported as well. The emergence of resistance to cancer chemotherapy has forced researchers to turn to natural products of plant and marine origin. In the West African sub-region, research on natural anti-cancer molecules is still in its infancy stage because of very limited financial resources and the scarcity of adequate technical facilities. However, several plants were investigated for their anticancer properties through north-south or south-south partnerships. In this review, we will review the role of West African traditional pharmacopeia in cancer treatment as well as medicinal plants with anti-cancer properties.
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Levrier C, Kiremire B, Guéritte F, Litaudon M. Toxicarioside M, a new cytotoxic 10β-hydroxy-19-nor-cardenolide from Antiaris toxicaria. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:660-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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