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dos Santos ÉM, Ataide JA, Coco JC, Fava ALM, Silvério LAL, Sueiro AC, Silva JRA, Lopes AM, Paiva-Santos AC, Mazzola PG. Spondias sp: Shedding Light on Its Vast Pharmaceutical Potential. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041862. [PMID: 36838849 PMCID: PMC9963416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many plants are used by the population through popular knowledge passed from generation to generation for the treatment of various diseases. However, there is not always any scientific content supporting these uses, which is very important for safety. One of these plants is the fruit of the Spondias genus, which during its processing generates various residues that are discarded, but which also have pharmacological properties. The focus of this review is to survey the pharmacological activities that Spondias genus shows, as well as which part of the plant is used, since there is a lot of richness in its by-products, such as leaf, bark, resin, seed, and peel, which are discarded and could be reused. The main activities of this genus are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antifungal, and antiviral, among others. These properties indicate that this genus could be used in the treatment of several diseases, but there are still not many products available on the market that use this genus as an active ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Mendes dos Santos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Cândido Portinari, 200, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Janaína Artem Ataide
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Cândido Portinari, 200, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-871, Brazil
- Correspondence: (J.A.A.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Julia Cedran Coco
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Cândido Portinari, 200, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-871, Brazil
- Correspondence: (J.A.A.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Ana Laura Masquetti Fava
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Luiza Aparecida Luna Silvério
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Cândido Portinari, 200, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Sueiro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Cândido Portinari, 200, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ribeiro Alves Silva
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Cândido Portinari, 200, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-871, Brazil
| | - André Moreni Lopes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Cândido Portinari, 200, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Priscila Gava Mazzola
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Cândido Portinari, 200, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-871, Brazil
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Antunes KA, Monteiro-Alfredo T, Cunha JSM, Espindola PPT, Oliveira AS, Ramalho de Oliveira CF, de Carvalho JTG, Domingues NLC, Silva DB, Olinto SCF, dos Santos EL, de Picoli Souza K. Spondias purpurea L. Bark Extract Protects against Oxidative Stress and Reduces Hypercholesterolemia in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022; 2022:3046483. [PMID: 35401919 PMCID: PMC8989600 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3046483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in the initiation and progression of metabolic diseases, including obesity. Preventing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage to macromolecules is a beneficial strategy for reducing comorbidities associated with obesity. Fruits from the Spondias genus are known for their antioxidant activity, but they are not available year-round due to their seasonality. In this context, we investigated the antioxidant activity and identified the chemical constituents of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Spondias purpurea L. (EBSp). Additionally, we evaluated the effect of EBSp consumption on metabolic parameters in mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Chemical analyses revealed 19 annotated compounds from EBSp, including flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins, methoxylated coumarin, and gallic and ellagic acids, besides other phenolic compounds. In vitro, EBSp showed antioxidant activity through the scavenging of the free radicals and the protection of macromolecules against oxidative damage. Cellular assays revealed that EBSp reduced the levels of malondialdehyde produced by erythrocytes exposed to the oxidizing agent AAPH. Flow cytometry studies showed that EBSp reduced reactive oxygen species levels in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with hydrogen peroxide. Obese mice treated with EBSp (400 mg.kg-1) for 60 days showed reduced levels of malondialdehyde in the heart, liver, kidneys, and nervous system. The total cholesterol levels in mice treated with EBSp reached levels similar to those after treatment with the drug simvastatin. Together, the results show that the combination of the different phenolic compounds in S. purpurea L. bark promotes antioxidant effects in vitro and in vivo, resulting in cytoprotection in the context of oxidative stress associated with obesity and a reduction in hypercholesterolemia. From a clinical perspective, the reduction in oxidative stress in obese individuals contributes to the reduction in the emergence of comorbidities associated with this metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia A. Antunes
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Tamaeh Monteiro-Alfredo
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila P. T. Espindola
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Alex S. Oliveira
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Caio F. Ramalho de Oliveira
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - José Tarcísio G. de Carvalho
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Nelson L. C. Domingues
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Denise B. Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Silvia C. F. Olinto
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Edson L. dos Santos
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Kely de Picoli Souza
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
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Silva DHADA, Barbosa HM, Silva JFDA, Moura CA, Gomes DA, Almeida JRGS, Lira EC. Antidiabetic properties of oral treatment of hexane and chloroform fractions of Morus nigra leaves in streptozotocin-induced rats. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20210744. [PMID: 34909830 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Morus nigra L. has been widely used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes. We evaluate the chemical composition and antidiabetic properties of the hexane (Hex-Mn) and chloroform (Chlo-Mn) fractions obtained by partition of the crude ethanolic extract from the leaves in rats. Chemical composition analysis of Hex-Mn and Chlor-Mn was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS). In vivo and in vitro studies were carried out to compare the antidiabetic activities of the Hex-Mn and Chlor-Mn fractions. Most of the compounds identified in Hex-Mn were α-linolenic acid, stigmast-5-en-3-ol and linolenic acid ethyl ester, while in Chlor-Mn, stigmast-5-en-3-ol, palmitic acid and α-linolenic acid were mainly identified. Only Hex-Mn treatment reduced both fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia. Additionally, Hex-Mn preserved body weight gain, preserved the hepatic glycogen content, and also reduced the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitrite levels, as well as restored the superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, digestion of complex carbohydrates and intestinal glucose absorption was prevented by Hex-Mn treatment. Our results suggest that the antidiabetic activity of Hex-Mn may be explained, at least in part, by the insulin sensitivity increase, antioxidant properties and reduction in carbohydrate absorption in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionísio H A DA Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Av. da Engenharia, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Humberto M Barbosa
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Av. da Engenharia, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - July F DA Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Av. da Engenharia, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Celuane A Moura
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas de Plantas Medicinais, Campus Petrolina/Centro, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, s/n, 56304-205 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Dayane A Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Av. da Engenharia, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jackson R G S Almeida
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas de Plantas Medicinais, Campus Petrolina/Centro, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, s/n, 56304-205 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Lira
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas de Plantas Medicinais, Campus Petrolina/Centro, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, s/n, 56304-205 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
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Liu Z, Qu CY, Li JX, Wang YF, Li W, Wang CZ, Wang DS, Song J, Sun GZ, Yuan CS. Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Malonyl Ginsenosides from American Ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius L.) on Type 2 Diabetic Mice. ACS Omega 2021; 6:33652-33664. [PMID: 34926913 PMCID: PMC8675029 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is popularly consumed as traditional herbal medicine and health food for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Malonyl ginsenosides (MGR) are the main natural ginsenosides in American ginseng. However, whether the malonyl ginsenosides in P. quinquefolius (PQ-MGR) possess antidiabetic effects has not been explored yet. In this study, the antidiabetic effects and the underlying mechanism of PQ-MGR in high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced T2DM mice were investigated. The chemical composition was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Our results showed that 14 malonyl ginsenosides were identified in the PQ-MGR. Among them, the content of m-Rb1 represented about 77.4% of the total malonyl ginsenosides. After a 5-week experiment, the PQ-MGR significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels and improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Furthermore, Western blot analysis demonstrated that the protein expressions of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-AMPK, p-ACC, PPARγ, and GLUT4 in the liver and skeletal muscle were significantly upregulated after PQ-MGR treatment. In contrast, the protein expressions of p-IRS1 and p-JNK were significantly downregulated. Our results revealed that PQ-MGR could ameliorate glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in T2DM via regulation of the insulin receptor substrate-1/phosphoinositide3-kinase/protein-kinase B (IRS1/PI3K/Akt) and AMP-activated protein kinase/acetyl-CoA carboxylase (AMPK/ACC) pathways. These findings suggest that PQ-MGR may be used as an antidiabetic candidate drug for T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
- Institute
of Agricultural Modernization, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Qu
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yan-Fang Wang
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang
Center for Herbal Medicine Research and The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Dong-Sheng Wang
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jia Song
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Sun
- Institute
of Agricultural Modernization, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang
Center for Herbal Medicine Research and The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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de Morais JMB, Cruz EMS, da Rosa CVD, Cesário RC, Comar JF, Moreira CCL, de Almeida Chuffa LG, Seiva FRF. Pterostilbene influences glycemia and lipidemia and enhances antioxidant status in the liver of rats that consumed sucrose solution. Life Sci 2021; 269:119048. [PMID: 33453246 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study investigated the potential effects of pterostilbene (PT) on glycemic and lipid profiles, fat storage, cardiovascular indices, and hepatic parameters of rats fed with sucrose solution. MAIN METHODS 24 male Wistar rats received either drinking water or a 40% sucrose solution over a period of 140 days. After this period, animals were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 6): Control (C), C + Pterostilbene (PT), Sucrose (S), and S + PT. Pterostilbene (40 mg/kg) was given orally for 45 consecutive days. KEY FINDINGS Pterostilbene did not influence morphometric and nutritional parameters. The insulin sensitivity index TyG was elevated in the C + PT group (p < 0.01) and reduced in S + PT group (p < 0.05). Basal glucose levels were lower in the S + PT group (p < 0.05), and the glycemic response was improved with PT treatment in glucose provocative tests. Conversely, rats from the C + PT group showed impaired glucose disposal during those tests. Lipid profile was partially improved by PT treatment. Hepatic oxidative stress in the S group was improved after PT treatment. In the C group, PT reduced SOD activity, glutathione levels, and increased catalase activity. Collagen content was reduced by PT treatment. SIGNIFICANCE PT effects depends on the type of diet the animals were submitted. In rats fed with sucrose-solution, PT confirmed its positive effects, improving glucose and lipid profile, and acting as a potent antioxidant. The effects of PT on rats that consumed a normal diet were very discrete or even undesirable. We suggest caution with indiscriminate consume of natural compounds by healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Mayara Souza Cruz
- Post Graduation Program of Experimental Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Vinícius Dalto da Rosa
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Roberta Carvalho Cesário
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil; Post Graduation Program of Experimental Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Paraná, Brazil.
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6
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Makinde EA, Radenahmad N, Zaman RU, Olatunji OJ. Fatty Acids and Sterol Rich Stem Back Extract of
Shorea Roxburghii
Attenuates Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia, and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nisaudah Radenahmad
- Department of Anatomy Faculty of Science Prince of Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai 90110 Thailand
| | - Raihan Uz Zaman
- Faculty of Thai Traditional Medicine Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai 90110 Thailand
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Javanshir S, Soukhtanloo M, Jalili-Nik M, Yazdi AJ, Amiri MS, Ghorbani A. Evaluation Potential Antidiabetic Effects of Ferula latisecta in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Pharmacopuncture 2020; 23:158-164. [PMID: 33072413 PMCID: PMC7540228 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2020.23.3.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the present work was to evaluate the possible beneficial effects of F. latisecta on blood glucose, lipids, and diabetes-related changes in the liver and kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 6) normal control rats, diabetic control rats, diabetic rats treated for 4 weeks with F. latisecta root (400 mg/kg/day), and diabetic rats treated with F. latisecta aerial parts (400 mg/kg/day). Results Induction of diabetes significantly (p < 0.05) increased the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Diabetes also increased (p < 0.05) oxidative stress in the kidney and liver (decrease of thiol and increase of superoxide dismutase). The root and aerial parts of F. latisecta significantly reduced the level of LDL (p < 0.05) and restored the content of thiol (p < 0.05) and superoxide dismutase (p < 0.01) in the kidney and liver. F. latisecta had no significant effect on the levels of FBG, BUN, AST, and ALT. The root of F. latisecta also reduced the serum level of total cholesterol (p < 0.05) and prevented the progression of hyperglycemia. Conclusion These findings suggest that F. latisecta may improve diabetic dyslipidemia by reducing serum LDL. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Javanshir
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalili-Nik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirali Jahani Yazdi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Medeiros Teodosio AEM, Carlos Rocha Araújo RH, Figueiredo Lima Santos BG, Linné JA, da Silva Medeiros ML, Alves Onias E, Alves de Morais F, de Melo Silva S, de Lima JF. Effects of edible coatings of Chlorella sp. containing pomegranate seed oil on quality of Spondias tuberosa fruit during cold storage. Food Chem 2020; 338:127916. [PMID: 32942087 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spondias tuberosa is a highly perishable fruit that is difficult to transport, which limits its consumption in local areas. Thus, for economic reasons, there is a need for technologies to extend post-harvest shelf life of these fruits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the life of Spondias tuberosa fruit using edible coatings composed of Chlorella sp. and pomegranate seed oil (PSO) during cold storage. Coated and uncoated S. tuberosa fruits were stored for 12 days at 14 ± 2 °C and 85 ± 5% RH and evaluated every 3 days. Chlorella sp. + PSO coatings retarded ripening, maintained firmness, mass, and a greener color when compared to control treatment - since by default controls are not treated. Coatings in association with the best quality fruit presented 2.0% of Chlorella sp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jéssica Aline Linné
- Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Elny Alves Onias
- Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Pombal, Paraíba, Brazil
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9
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Sari R, Conterno P, da Silva LD, de Lima VA, Oldoni TLC, Thomé GR, Carpes ST. Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Tabernaemontana catharinensis Leaves and Their Effect on Oxidative Stress Markers in Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2020; 25:E2391. [PMID: 32455579 PMCID: PMC7288081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the most effective extraction condition (temperature, solvent type and time) for recovery of high-value phytochemicals present in the Tabernaemontana catharinensis leaves (TC) and to assess their effect on biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The extraction of phenolic compounds from TC using a factorial design (FD) 2³, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), response surface methodology (RSM) and principal component analysis (PCA) were studied. It was found that the optimal conditions for extraction of phenolics were higher temperature (65 °C) and time (60 min) using ethanol as extractor solvent. In this condition of extraction (A8), total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) were determined. Additionally, this extract was used to evaluate their effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) as well as lipid peroxidation (LP) and protein thiols level (PSH) in the liver and kidneys of normal and diabetic rats. As result, T. catharinensis extract presented TPC content of 23.34 mg EAG/g (equivalent gallic acid) and AA of 34.26 μmol Trolox/g. Phenolic acids (ferulic acid and coumaric acid) and flavonoids (quercetin, rutin and pinocembrin) could be recovered and identified by HPLC. This study indicated an important role of the T. catharinensis extract on free radical inactivation and on the antioxidant defense system in diabetic rats. In fact, the use of T. catharinensis extract restored the normal activity of SOD (p < 0.05) and suppressed malondialdehyde levels in liver and kidney tissues. Thus, the T. catharinensis extract, rich in phenolic compounds, can be responsible for the recover the enzymatic changes in the liver and kidney tissues provoked by diabetes in rats. In addition, the lipid peroxidation rate decreased in the diabetic rats treated with T. catharinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Solange Teresinha Carpes
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR), P.O. Box 591, 85503-390 Pato Branco, Brazil; (R.S.); (P.C.); (L.D.d.S.); (V.A.d.L.); (T.L.C.O.); (G.R.T.)
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10
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Silva DHAD, Barbosa HDM, Beltrão RLDA, Silva CDFO, Moura CA, Castro RN, Almeida JRGDS, Gomes DA, Lira EC. Hexane fraction from Brazilian Morus nigra leaves improved oral carbohydrate tolerance and inhibits α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities in diabetic mice. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4785-4788. [PMID: 32091240 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1723087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Morus nigra, popularly known as mulberry, has been traditionally used as anti-diabetic herbal medication. This study focused on hexane fraction from Brazilian M. nigra leaves (Hex-Mn) effects on digestion and absorption of carbohydrate in diabetic mice. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed, and showed the presence of flavonoids isoquercetin and kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside. Hex-Mn did not alter oral glucose tolerance test; however, it prevented hyperglycemia in oral sucrose and starch tolerance test in diabetic mice. Also, Hex-Mn was more efficient to inhibit the α-glucosidase, showing lower inhibitory effect on α-amylase activity in vitro. The results suggest that Hex-Mn may delay the carbohydrate digestion, but not glucose transport through brush border membrane of the intestine, which contribute with reduction in postprandial hyperglycemia in mice. Hex-Mn has antihyperglycemic effect by attenuating the carbohydrate digestion in diabetic mice, which could be explained, at least in part, by the presence of isoquercetin and kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Humberto de Moura Barbosa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Celuane Alves Moura
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants (NEPLAME), Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rosane Nora Castro
- Instituto de Ciencias Exatas, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Dayane Aparecida Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Carvalho Lira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Furman BL, Candasamy M, Bhattamisra SK, Veettil SK. Reduction of blood glucose by plant extracts and their use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus; discrepancies in effectiveness between animal and human studies. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 247:112264. [PMID: 31600561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The global problem of diabetes, together with the limited access of large numbers of patients to conventional antidiabetic medicines, continues to drive the search for new agents. Ancient Asian systems such as traditional Chinese medicine, Japanese Kampo medicine, and Indian Ayurvedic medicine, as well as African traditional medicine and many others have identified numerous plants reported anecdotally to treat diabetes; there are probably more than 800 such plants for which there is scientific evidence for their activity, mostly from studies using various models of diabetes in experimental animals. AIM OF THE REVIEW Rather than a comprehensive coverage of the literature, this article aims to identify discrepancies between findings in animal and human studies, and to highlight some of the problems in developing plant extract-based medicines that lower blood glucose in patients with diabetes, as well as to suggest potential ways forward. METHODS In addition to searching the 2018 PubMed literature using the terms 'extract AND blood glucose, a search of the whole literature was conducted using the terms 'plant extracts' AND 'blood glucose' AND 'diabetes' AND 'double blind' with 'clinical trials' as a filter. A third search using PubMed and Medline was undertaken for systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the effects of plant extracts on blood glucose/glycosylated haemoglobin in patients with relevant metabolic pathologies. FINDINGS Despite numerous animal studies demonstrating the effects of plant extracts on blood glucose, few randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have been conducted to confirm efficacy in treating humans with diabetes; there have been only a small number of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of clinical studies. Qualitative and quantitative discrepancies between animal and human clinical studies in some cases were marked; the factors contributing to this included variations in the products among different studies, the doses used, differences between animal models and the human disease, and the impact of concomitant therapy in patients, as well as differences in the duration of treatment, and the fact that treatment in animals may begin before or very soon after the induction of diabetes. CONCLUSION The potential afforded by natural products has not yet been realised in the context of treating diabetes mellitus. A systematic, coordinated, international effort is required to achieve the goal of providing anti-diabetic treatments derived from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Furman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, 161, Cathedral Street Glasgow, G4 ORE, Scotland, UK.
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sajesh K Veettil
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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