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Wei X, Wang F, Tan P, Huang H, Wang Z, Xie J, Wang L, Liu D, Hu Z. The interactions between traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbiota in cancers: Current status and future perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107148. [PMID: 38522760 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, known as the "forgotten organ" and "human second genome," comprises a complex microecosystem. It significantly influences the development of various tumors, including colorectal, liver, stomach, breast, and lung cancers, through both direct and indirect mechanisms. These mechanisms include the "gut-liver" axis, the "lung-intestine" axis, and interactions with the immune system. The intestinal flora exhibits dual roles in cancer, both promoting and suppressing its progression. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can alter cancer progression by regulating the intestinal flora. It modifies the intestinal flora's composition and structure, along with the levels of endogenous metabolites, thus affecting the intestinal barrier, immune system, and overall body metabolism. These actions contribute to TCM's significant antitumor effects. Moreover, the gut microbiota metabolizes TCM components, enhancing their antitumor properties. Therefore, exploring the interaction between TCM and the intestinal flora offers a novel perspective in understanding TCM's antitumor mechanisms. This paper succinctly reviews the association between gut flora and the development of tumors, including colorectal, liver, gastric, breast, and lung cancers. It further examines current research on the interaction between TCM and intestinal flora, with a focus on its antitumor efficacy. It identifies limitations in existing studies and suggests recommendations, providing insights into antitumor drug research and exploring TCM's antitumor effectiveness. Additionally, this paper aims to guide future research on TCM and the gut microbiota in antitumor studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Tan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huiming Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhuguo Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinxin Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Longyan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongxiao Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Xu HB, Chen XZ, Zhu SY, Xue F, Zhang YB. A study on molecular mechanism of Xihuang pill in the treatment of glioblastoma based on network pharmacology and validation in vitro and in vivo. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 323:117675. [PMID: 38159819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xihuang pill has been utilized to treat cancer for more than three hundred years in China. The molecular mechanisms of Xihuang pill in treating glioblastoma remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the core molecular mechanisms of Xihuang pill in treating glioblastoma by an integrative pharmacology-based investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main active compounds of Xihuang pill were identified from TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM, TCMID and CNKI. Glioblastoma-related therapeutic targets were retrieved from GeneCards and UniProt. Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was constructed using STRING. GO and KEGG enrichment were performed to analyze the intersection targets between the active compounds of Xihuang pill and glioblastoma. Based on the above analysis, we built a CTP network. The in vitro and in vivo experiments were further performed to validate the crucial molecular targets of Xihuang pill for the treatment of glioblastoma. RESULTS A total of sixty active compounds of Xihuang pill and ten potential targets related to glioblastoma were found. Based on topological analysis, fourteen ingredients were selected as the main active compounds, and MY11 might be the most important metabolite in Xihuang pill. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and receptor tyrosine kinases were considered as crucial targets for Xihuang pill against glioblastoma through KEGG enrichment and CTP analysis. The present experiments indicated that Xihuang pill suppressed the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in glioblastoma cells and mouse xenografts via modulating the expression of PTEN and Rheb proteins, the interaction between TSC2 and Rheb, and the production of PIP3. Meanwhile, after glioblastoma cells treatment with Xihuang pil, the release of IL-1β, INF-γ was increased and the production of IL-10, TGF-β1 was decreased in glioblastoma cells after incubated with Xihuang pill. In addition, the activation of the upstream positive modulators of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway including PDGF/PDGFR and FGF/FGFR signaling were down-regulated in glioblastoma cells and mouse xenografts after treatment with Xihuang pill. CONCLUSION Taken together, Xihuang pill inhibiting glioblastoma cell growth might be partly through down-regulating the activation of PDGF/PDGFR or FGF/FGFR-PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling axis and improving immuno-suppressive micro-environment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Zhe Jiang, 315010, China.
| | - Xian-Zhen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Su-Yan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Zhe Jiang, 315010, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yuan-Bin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Zhe Jiang, 315010, China
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Hu ML, Liao QZ, Liu BT, Sun K, Pan CS, Wang XY, Yan L, Huo XM, Zheng XQ, Wang Y, Zhong LJ, Liu J, He L, Han JY. Xihuang pill ameliorates colitis in mice by improving mucosal barrier injury and inhibiting inflammatory cell filtration through network regulation. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117098. [PMID: 37640256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The prevalence of colitis is on the rise, and effective treatment options are currently lacking. Xihuang pill (XHP) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula mentioned in the "Volume 4 of Surgical Evidence and Treatment of the Whole Life" authored by the renowned doctor Hong-Xu Wang during the Qing Dynasty. It is now part of the "Volume 9 of Chinese medicine formula preparation in Drug Standard." XHP and its primary ingredients have been demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties against colitis. However, the specific effects and underlying mechanisms of XHP in treating colitis remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the potential impact of XHP on colitis and uncover the underlying mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS An acute colitis model was developed in C57BL/6N mice, and the effects on weight loss, colon length, the permeability of the colonic mucosa barrier, Claudin-5 and Occludin expression, number of both infiltrating MPO-positive cells and CD68-positive cells, and the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-22, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in the colon tissue were investigated. Low-, medium-, and high-dose XHP (0.45, 0.9, and 1.8 g/kg/day) (batch number: z21021222) were administered to the mice by gavage over the course of two weeks. Additionally, the protein expression levels in colon tissue from the control group, colitis group, and XHP low-dose administration group mice were analyzed by quantitative proteomics techniques. The comprehensive profiling and characterization of absorbed components in mice blood following oral administration of XHP were identified by HPLC/Q-TOF-MS techniques, and the absorbed components in blood were combined with proteomics to reveal the mechanism of enteritis inhibition by XHP. RESULTS Our findings indicated that XHP enhanced weight loss and colonic shortening of colitis mice. Additionally, XHP reduced the increase in permeability of the colonic mucosa barrier and decreased expression of Claudin-5 and Occludin, while significantly reducing the number of infiltrating MPO-positive cells and CD68-positive cells in the colon tissue. We found that XHP reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-22, IL-1β, and TNF-α in colon tissue. Pharmacokinetic analysis suggested that XHP contained 24 blood-entering prototype ingredients, which improved colitis through the regulation of various proteins (e.g., Ctsb, Sting1, and Abat) linked to mucosal barrier injury and inflammation. CONCLUSION XHP improved intestinal mucosal barrier injury and reduced MPO-positive cells and CD68-positive cell infiltration through multiple targets and pathways, providing support for XHP as a promising therapy for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lei Hu
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Zan Liao
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Tong Liu
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Wang
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Mei Huo
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Qun Zheng
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhong
- Medical and Health Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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