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Zhang F, Fu Y, Wang J, Li F, Lang L, Zhu X, Wang L, Gao P, Shu G, Zhu C, Jiang Q, Wang S. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces HFD-induced obesity by enhancing BAT thermogenesis and iWAT browning via the CD36-AMPK pathway. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3937. [PMID: 38329451 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The antiobesity effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of CLA on thermogenesis of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) and browning of inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (iWAT) and explore the possible signaling pathway. The in vivo results showed that CLA enhanced the O2 consumption and heat production in HFD (high-fat diet)-fed female mice by roughly 38%. Meanwhile, CLA increased the average iBAT temperature by 2°C at the room temperature and cold exposure, respectively. Correspondingly, CLA caused 1.6- and 2.4-fold increases in the expression of UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1) of BAT and iWAT, respectively, suggesting the activated iBAT thermogenesis and iWAT browning in HFD-fed female mice. Meanwhile, CLA could promote the formation of brown and beige adipocytes in differentiated stromal vascular cells (SVCs) isolated from iBAT and iWAT (the expressions of UCP1 were promoted by about twofold changes). In possible mechanisms, CLA stimulated the expression of CD36 and the activation of the AMPK pathway in mice iBAT and iWAT as well as the differentiated SVCs. However, inhibition of CD36 and AMPK (adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase) abolished the promotive effects of CLA on brown and beige adipocytes formation. Hence, we showed that CLA reduced HFD-induced obesity through enhancing iBAT thermogenesis and iWAT browning via the CD36-AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Limin Lang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, P. R. China
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2
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Ghodoosi N, Rasaei N, Goudarzi K, Hashemzadeh M, Dolatshahi S, Omran HS, Amirani N, Ashtary-Larky D, Shimi G, Asbaghi O. The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on glycemic control, adipokines, cytokines, malondialdehyde and liver function enzymes in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Nutr J 2023; 22:47. [PMID: 37794481 PMCID: PMC10552395 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on glycemic control, adipokines, cytokines, malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver function enzymes in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease. METHODS Relevant studies were obtained by searching the PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases (from inception to January 2023). Weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were reported using standard methods. RESULTS A pooled analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) revealed that CLA supplementation led to a significant increment in fasting blood glucose (FBG) (WMD: 4.49 mg/dL; 95%CI: 2.39 to 6.59; P < 0.001), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (WMD: 2.54 IU/L; 95%CI: 0.06 to 5.01; P = 0.044). Moreover, CLA supplementation decreased leptin (WMD: -1.69 ng/ml; 95% CI: -1.80 to -1.58; P < 0.001), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (WMD: -0.44 pg/ml; 95%CI: -0.86 to -0.02; P = 0.037). However, there was no effect on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) adiponectin compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Our findings showed the overall favorable effect of CLA supplementation on the adipokines and cytokines including serum IL-6, and leptin, while increasing FBG and AST. It should be noted that the mentioned metabolic effects of CLA consumption were small and may not reach clinical importance. PROSPERO REGISTERATION COD CRD42023426374.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ghodoosi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kian Goudarzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Hashemzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Dolatshahi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi Omran
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niusha Amirani
- Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Shimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
The 3T3-L1 cell line is used as an adipocyte differentiation model for the analysis of genes specifically expressed during the differentiation course. This cell model has several applications in obesity and insulin resistance research. We built a data resource to model gene expression of differentiating and mature adipocytes in response to several drugs and gene manipulations. We surveyed the literature survey for microarray datasets of differentiating 3T3-L1 cell line sampled at one or more time points under genetic or pharmacological perturbations. Data and metadata were obtained from the gene expression omnibus. The metadata were manually curated using unified language across the studies. Probe intensities were mapped and collapsed to genes using a reproducible pipeline. Samples were classified into none, genetically or pharmacologically modified. In addition to the clean datasets, two aggregated sets were further homogenized for illustration purposes. The curated datasets are available as an R/Bioconductor experimental data package curatedAdipoArray. The package documents the source code of the data collection, curation and processing. Finally, we used a subset of the data to effectively remove batch effects and reproduce biological observations. Database URL https://bioconductor.org/packages/curatedAdipoArray
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Basak S, Duttaroy AK. Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Its Beneficial Effects in Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1913. [PMID: 32605287 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Kim JH, Lee S, Kim HY, Cho EJ. Acer okamotoanum inhibits adipocyte differentiation by the regulation of adipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3‑L1 cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:589-596. [PMID: 31894306 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acer okamotoanum is reported to have various antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory and beneficial immune system effects. The anti‑adipocyte differentiation effects and mechanisms of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of an A. okamotoanum extraction was investigated in 3T3‑L1 adipocyte cells. Treatment with differentiation inducers increased the level of triglycerides (TGs) in 3T3‑L1 adipocyte cells compared with an untreated control. However, the EtOAc fraction of A. okamotoanum significantly decreased TGs. Treatment with 1, 2.5 and 5 µg/ml showed weak activity, but TG production was inhibited at 10 µg/ml compared with the control. In addition, A. okamotoanum caused a significant downregulation of proteins related to adipogenesis, such as γ‑cytidine‑cytidine‑adenosine‑adenosine‑thymidine/enhancer binding protein‑α, ‑β and peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor‑γ, compared with the untreated control. Furthermore, A. okamotoanum significantly upregulated lipolysis related protein, hormone‑sensitive lipase and the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK). Therefore, these results indicate that A. okamotoanum suppressed adipogenesis and increased lipolysis and the activation of AMPK, suggesting a protective role in adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung‑Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Gil‐Iturbe E, Arbones‐Mainar JM, Moreno‐Aliaga MJ, Lostao MP. GLUT12 and adipose tissue: Expression, regulation and its relation with obesity in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13283. [PMID: 31002200 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The facilitative glucose transporter GLUT12 was isolated from the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 by its homology with GLUT4. GLUT12 is expressed in insulin-sensitive tissues such as adipose tissue. The aim of this work was to investigate GLUT12 expression and hormonal regulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in adipose tissue of lean and diet-induced obese mice. METHODS Uptake studies were performed using radio-labelled sugars; α-methyl-d-glucose (αMG) was used as specific substrate of GLUT12. Expression and localization of GLUT12 in adipocytes were investigated by western blot and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS GLUT12 is expressed in the peri-nuclear region of mouse adipocytes. Insulin, by AKT activation, and TNF-α, by AMPK activation, increase αMG uptake by inducing GLUT12 translocation to the membrane. In contrast, leptin and adiponectin decrease GLUT12 activity through its internalization. Under hypoxia conditions GLUT12 expression is upregulated. The response of GLUT12 to TNF-α, leptin, adiponectin and hypoxia is the opposite to that of GLUT4. In diet-induced obese mice and obese subjects, GLUT12 protein is decreased. Intraperitoneal injection of insulin increases AKT phosphorylation and GLUT12 expression, but this effect is lost in obese animals. CONCLUSION We hypothesize that GLUT12 would contribute to modulate sugar absorption in physiological and pathophysiological situations such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gil‐Iturbe
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- Nutrition Research Centre University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | - José Miguel Arbones‐Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat) Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Zaragoza Spain
- CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) Madrid Spain
| | - María J. Moreno‐Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- Nutrition Research Centre University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) Madrid Spain
- IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research Pamplona Spain
| | - María Pilar Lostao
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- Nutrition Research Centre University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research Pamplona Spain
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Declèves AE, Mathew AV, Armando AM, Han X, Dennis EA, Quehenberger O, Sharma K. AMP-activated protein kinase activation ameliorates eicosanoid dysregulation in high-fat-induced kidney disease in mice. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:937-952. [PMID: 30862696 PMCID: PMC6495162 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m088690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) causes renal lipotoxicity that is ameliorated with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Although bioactive eicosanoids increase with HFD and are essential in regulation of renal disease, their role in the inflammatory response to HFD-induced kidney disease and their modulation by AMPK activation remain unexplored. In a mouse model, we explored the effects of HFD on eicosanoid synthesis and the role of AMPK activation in ameliorating these changes. We used targeted lipidomic profiling with quantitative MS to determine PUFA and eicosanoid content in kidneys, urine, and renal arterial and venous circulation. HFD increased phospholipase expression as well as the total and free pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid (AA) and anti-inflammatory DHA in kidneys. Consistent with the parent PUFA levels, the AA- and DHA-derived lipoxygenase (LOX), cytochrome P450, and nonenzymatic degradation (NE) metabolites increased in kidneys with HFD, while EPA-derived LOX and NE metabolites decreased. Conversely, treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-furanosyl 5'-monophosphate (AICAR), an AMPK activator, reduced the free AA and DHA content and the DHA-derived metabolites in kidney. Interestingly, kidney and circulating AA, AA metabolites, EPA-derived LOX, and NE metabolites are increased with HFD; whereas, DHA metabolites are increased in kidney in contrast to their decreased circulating levels with HFD. Together, these changes showcase HFD-induced pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoid dysregulation and highlight the role of AMPK in correcting HFD-induced dysregulated eicosanoid pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Emilie Declèves
- Institute of Metabolomic Medicine University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Université of Mons, Mons, Belgium.
| | - Anna V Mathew
- Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Aaron M Armando
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute of Aging, Department of Medicine University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Institute of Metabolomic Medicine University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
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8
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Wu H, Bogdanov M, Zhang Y, Sun K, Zhao S, Song A, Luo R, Parchim NF, Liu H, Huang A, Adebiyi MG, Jin J, Alexander DC, Milburn MV, Idowu M, Juneja HS, Kellems RE, Dowhan W, Xia Y. Hypoxia-mediated impaired erythrocyte Lands' Cycle is pathogenic for sickle cell disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29637. [PMID: 27436223 PMCID: PMC4951653 DOI: 10.1038/srep29637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Lands' cycle was discovered in 1958, its function and cellular regulation in membrane homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions remain largely unknown. Nonbiased high throughput metabolomic profiling revealed that Lands' cycle was impaired leading to significantly elevated erythrocyte membrane lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) content and circulating and erythrocyte arachidonic acid (AA) in mice with sickle cell disease (SCD), a prevalent hemolytic genetic disorder. Correcting imbalanced Lands' cycle by knockdown of phospholipase 2 (cPLA2) or overexpression of lysophosphatidycholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1), two key enzymes of Lands' cycle in hematopoietic stem cells, reduced elevated erythrocyte membrane LysoPC content and circulating AA levels and attenuated sickling, inflammation and tissue damage in SCD chimeras. Human translational studies validated SCD mouse findings and further demonstrated that imbalanced Lands' cycle induced LysoPC production directly promotes sickling in cultured mouse and human SCD erythrocytes. Mechanistically, we revealed that hypoxia-mediated ERK activation underlies imbalanced Lands' cycle by preferentially inducing the activity of PLA2 but not LPCAT in human and mouse SCD erythrocytes. Overall, our studies have identified a pathological role of imbalanced Lands' cycle in SCD erythrocytes, novel molecular basis regulating Lands' cycle and therapeutic opportunities for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mikhail Bogdanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yujin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kaiqi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shushan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anren Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Renna Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas F Parchim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aji Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Morayo G Adebiyi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianping Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Modupe Idowu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harinder S Juneja
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodney E Kellems
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William Dowhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
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Wang W, Fromm M. Sphingolipids are required for efficient triacylglycerol loss in conjugated linoleic Acid treated adipocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119005. [PMID: 25906159 PMCID: PMC4407960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces adiposity in human and mouse adipocytes. This outcome is achieved through a variety of biological responses including increased energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation, increased inflammation, repression of fatty acid biosynthesis, attenuated glucose transport, and apoptosis. In the current study, profiling of 261 metabolites was conducted to gain new insights into the biological pathways responding to CLA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Sphinganine and sphingosine levels were observed to be highly elevated in CLA treated adipocytes. Exogenous chemicals that increased endogenous ceramide levels decreased lipid levels in adipocytes, and activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as well as NF-κB, both of which are typically activated in CLA treated adipocytes. Concurrent inhibition of ceramide de novo biosynthesis and recycling from existing sphingolipid pools attenuated the lipid lowering effect normally associated with responses to CLA, implicating ceramides as an important component of the lipid lowering response in CLA treated adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Michael Fromm
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
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10
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Carta G, Murru E, Cordeddu L, Ortiz B, Giordano E, Belury MA, Quadro L, Banni S. Metabolic interactions between vitamin A and conjugated linoleic acid. Nutrients 2014; 6:1262-72. [PMID: 24667133 PMCID: PMC3967192 DOI: 10.3390/nu6031262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-soluble molecules share several aspects of their physiology due to their common adaptations to a hydrophilic environment, and may interact to regulate their action in a tissue-specific manner. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a fatty acid with a conjugated diene structure that is found in low concentrations in ruminant products and available as a nutritional supplement. CLA has been shown to increase tissue levels of retinol (vitamin A alcohol) and its sole specific circulating carrier protein retinol-binding protein (RBP or RBP4). However, the precise mechanism of this action has not been elucidated yet. Here, we provide a summary of the current knowledge in this specific area of research and speculate that retinol and CLA may compete for catabolic pathways modulated by the activity of PPAR-α and RXR heterodimer. We also present preliminary data that may position PPAR-α at the crossroads between the metabolism of lipids and vitamin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, km. 4500, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, km. 4500, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy.
| | - Lina Cordeddu
- Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 141 83, Sweden.
| | - Berenice Ortiz
- Gerstner Sloan-Kettering Graduate School in Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Elena Giordano
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Martha A Belury
- Department of Human Nutrition, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Loredana Quadro
- Department of Food Science and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, km. 4500, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy.
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11
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Jia B, Wu G, Fu X, Mo X, Du M, Hou Y, Zhu S. trans
-10, cis
-12 conjugated linoleic acid enhances in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 81:20-30. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Guoquan Wu
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute; Kunming Yunnan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhong Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences; China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences; China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Shien Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
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den Hartigh LJ, Han CY, Wang S, Omer M, Chait A. 10E,12Z-conjugated linoleic acid impairs adipocyte triglyceride storage by enhancing fatty acid oxidation, lipolysis, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:2964-78. [PMID: 23956445 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m035188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a naturally occurring dietary trans fatty acid found in food from ruminant sources. One specific CLA isomer, 10E,12Z-CLA, has been associated with health benefits, such as reduced adiposity, while simultaneously promoting deleterious effects, such as systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. The precise mechanisms by which 10E,12Z-CLA exerts these effects remain unknown. Despite potential health consequences, CLA continues to be advertised as a natural weight loss supplement, warranting further studies on its effects on lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that 10E,12Z-CLA impairs lipid storage in adipose tissue by altering the lipid metabolism of white adipocytes. We demonstrate that 10E,12Z-CLA reduced triglyceride storage due to enhanced fatty acid oxidation and lipolysis, coupled with diminished glucose uptake and utilization in cultured adipocytes. This switch to lipid utilization was accompanied by a potent proinflammatory response, including the generation of cytokines, monocyte chemotactic factors, and mitochondrial superoxide. Disrupting fatty acid oxidation restored glucose utilization and attenuated the inflammatory response to 10E,12Z-CLA, suggesting that fatty acid oxidation is critical in promoting this phenotype. With further investigation into the biochemical pathways involved in adipocyte responses to 10E,12Z-CLA, we can discern more information about its safety and efficacy in promoting weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J den Hartigh
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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Wang Y, Proctor SD. Current issues surrounding the definition of trans-fatty acids: implications for health, industry and food labels. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:1369-83. [PMID: 23597388 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513001086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The definition of trans-fatty acids (TFA) was established by the Codex Alimentarius to guide nutritional and legislative regulations to reduce TFA consumption. Currently, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is excluded from the TFA definition based on evidence (primarily preclinical studies) implying health benefits on weight management and cancer prevention. While the efficacy of CLA supplements remains inconsistent in randomised clinical trials, evidence has emerged to associate supplemental CLA with negative health outcomes, including increased subclinical inflammation and oxidative stress (particularly at high doses). This has resulted in concerns regarding the correctness of excluding CLA from the TFA definition. Here we review recent clinical and preclinical literature on health implications of CLA and ruminant TFA, and highlight several issues surrounding the current Codex definition of TFA and how it may influence interpretation for public health. We find that CLA derived from ruminant foods differ from commercial CLA supplements in their isomer composition/distribution, consumption level and bioactivity. We conclude that health concerns associated with the use of supplemental CLA do not repudiate the exclusion of all forms of CLA from the Codex TFA definition, particularly when using the definition for food-related purposes. Given the emerging differential bioactivity of TFA from industrial v. ruminant sources, we advocate that regional nutrition guidelines/policies should focus on eliminating industrial forms of trans-fat from processed foods as opposed to all TFA per se.
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Jiang S, Wang W, Miner J, Fromm M. Cross regulation of sirtuin 1, AMPK, and PPARγ in conjugated linoleic acid treated adipocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48874. [PMID: 23155420 PMCID: PMC3498327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12 CLA) reduces triglyceride (TG) levels in adipocytes through multiple pathways, with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) generally facilitating, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) generally opposing these reductions. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a histone/protein deacetylase that affects energy homeostasis, often functions coordinately with AMPK, and is capable of binding to PPARγ, thereby inhibiting its activity. This study investigated the role of SIRT1 in the response of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to t10c12 CLA by testing the following hypotheses: 1) SIRT1 is functionally required for robust TG reduction; and 2) SIRT1, AMPK, and PPARγ cross regulate each other. These experiments were performed by using activators, inhibitors, or siRNA knockdowns that affected these pathways in t10c12 CLA-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Inhibition of SIRT1 amounts or activity using siRNA, sirtinol, nicotinamide, or etomoxir attenuated the amount of TG loss, while SIRT1 activator SRT1720 increased the TG loss. SRT1720 increased AMPK activity while sirtuin-specific inhibitors decreased AMPK activity. Reciprocally, an AMPK inhibitor reduced SIRT1 activity. Treatment with t10c12 CLA increased PPARγ phosphorylation in an AMPK-dependent manner and increased the amount of PPARγ bound to SIRT1. Reciprocally, a PPARγ agonist attenuated AMPK and SIRT1 activity levels. These results indicated SIRT1 increased TG loss and that cross regulation between SIRT1, AMPK, and PPARγ occurred in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with t10c12 CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Jess Miner
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Michael Fromm
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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