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Zhuang W, Liu T, Qu S, Cai B, Qin Y, Zhang F, Wang Z. Identification of candidate genes for leaf scorch in Populus deltoids by the whole genome resequencing analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16416. [PMID: 30401919 PMCID: PMC6219557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf scorch exists as a common phenomenon in the development of plant, especially when plants encounter various adversities, which leads to great losses in agricultural production. Both Jinhong poplar (JHP) and Caihong poplar (CHP) (Populus deltoids) are obtained from a bud sport on Zhonghong poplar. Compared with CHP, JHP always exhibits leaf scorch, poor growth, premature leaf discoloration, and even death. In this study, the candidate genes associated with leaf scorch between JHP and CHP were identified by the whole genome resequencing using Illumina HiSeqTM. There were 218,880 polymorphic SNPs and 46,933 indels between JHP and CHP, respectively. Among these, the candidate genes carrying non-synonymous SNPs in coding regions were classified into 6 groups. The expression pattern of these candidate genes was also explored in JHP and CHP among different sampling stages. Combined with the qRT-PCR analysis, the results showed that genes associated with transport of various nutritional elements, senescence and MYB transcription factor might play important roles during the process of leaf scorch in Populus deltoids. Four genes belonging to these three groups carried more than three SNPs in their coding sequence, which might play important roles in leaf scorch. The above results provided candidate genes involved in leaf scorch in Populus deltoids, and made us better understand the molecular regulation mechanism of leaf scorch in Populus deltoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Tianyu Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shenchun Qu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Binhua Cai
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yalong Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Wang W, Zhou XM, Xiong HX, Mao WY, Zhao P, Sun MX. Papain-like and legumain-like proteases in rice: genome-wide identification, comprehensive gene feature characterization and expression analysis. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:87. [PMID: 29764367 PMCID: PMC5952849 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papain-like and legumain-like proteases are proteolytic enzymes which play key roles in plant development, senescence and defense. The activities of proteases in both families could be inhibited by a group of small proteins called cystatin. Cystatin family genes have been well characterized both in tobacco and rice, suggesting their potential roles in seed development. However, their potential targets, papain-like and legumain-like proteases, have not been well characterized in plants, especially in rice, a model plant for cereal biology. RESULTS Here, 33 papain-like and 5 legumain-like proteases have been identified in rice genome, respectively. Gene structure, distribution in rice chromosome, and evolutionary relationship to their counterparts in other plants have been well characterized. Comprehensive expression profile analysis revealed that two family genes display divergent expression pattern, which are regulated temporally and spatially during the process of seed development and germination. Our experiments also revealed that the expression of most genes in these two families is sensitively responsive to plant hormones and different abiotic stresses. CONCLUSIONS Genome-wide identification and comprehensive gene expression pattern analysis of papain-like and legumain-like proteases in rice suggests their multiple and cooperative roles in seed development and response to environmental variations, which provides several useful cues for further in-depth study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xue-Mei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Han-Xian Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wan-Ying Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Meng-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Pružinská A, Shindo T, Niessen S, Kaschani F, Tóth R, Millar AH, van der Hoorn RAL. Major Cys protease activities are not essential for senescence in individually darkened Arabidopsis leaves. BMC Plant Biol 2017; 17:4. [PMID: 28061816 PMCID: PMC5217659 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papain-like Cys Proteases (PLCPs) and Vacuolar Processing Enzymes (VPEs) are amongst the most highly expressed proteases during leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Using activity-based protein profiling (ABPP), a method that enables detection of active enzymes within a complex sample using chemical probes, the activities of PLCPs and VPEs were investigated in individually darkened leaves of Arabidopsis, and their role in senescence was tested in null mutants. RESULTS ABPP and mass spectrometry revealed an increased activity of several PLCPs, particularly RD21A and AALP. By contrast, despite increased VPE transcript levels, active VPE decreased in individually darkened leaves. Eight protease knock-out lines and two protease over expressing lines were subjected to senescence phenotype analysis to determine the importance of individual protease activities to senescence. Unexpectedly, despite the absence of dominating PLCP activities in these plants, the rubisco and chlorophyll decline in individually darkened leaves and the onset of whole plant senescence were unaltered. However, a significant delay in progression of whole plant senescence was observed in aalp-1 and rd21A-1/aalp-1 mutants, visible in the reduced number of senescent leaves. CONCLUSIONS Major Cys protease activities are not essential for dark-induced and developmental senescence and only a knock out line lacking AALP shows a slight but significant delay in plant senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pružinská
- The Plant Chemetics laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Takayuki Shindo
- The Plant Chemetics laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sherry Niessen
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Center for Physiological Proteomics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, 92037 California USA
| | - Farnusch Kaschani
- The Plant Chemetics laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Réka Tóth
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - A. Harvey Millar
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Renier A. L. van der Hoorn
- The Plant Chemetics laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB Oxford, UK
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Poret M, Chandrasekar B, van der Hoorn RAL, Avice JC. Characterization of senescence-associated protease activities involved in the efficient protein remobilization during leaf senescence of winter oilseed rape. Plant Sci 2016; 246:139-153. [PMID: 26993244 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a crop plant characterized by a poor nitrogen (N) use efficiency that is mainly due to low N remobilization efficiency during the sequential leaf senescence of the vegetative stage. As a high leaf N remobilization efficiency was strongly linked to a high remobilization of proteins during leaf senescence of rapeseed, our objective was to identify senescence-associated protease activities implicated in the protein degradation. To reach this goal, leaf senescence processes and protease activities were investigated in a mature leaf becoming senescent in plants subjected to ample or low nitrate supply. The characterization of protease activities was performed by using in vitro analysis of RuBisCO degradation with or without inhibitors of specific protease classes followed by a protease activity profiling using activity-dependent probes. As expected, the mature leaf became senescent regardless of the nitrate treatment, and nitrate limitation enhanced the senescence processes associated with an enhanced degradation of soluble proteins. The characterization of protease activities revealed that: (i) aspartic proteases and the proteasome were active during senescence regardless of nitrate supply, and (ii) the activities of serine proteases and particularly cysteine proteases (Papain-like Cys proteases and vacuolar processing enzymes) increased when protein remobilization associated with senescence was accelerated by nitrate limitation. Short statement: Serine and particularly cysteine proteases (both PLCPs and VPEs) seem to play a crucial role in the efficient protein remobilization when leaf senescence of oilseed rape was accelerated by nitrate limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Poret
- Université de Caen Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France; UCBN, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France; INRA, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France.
| | - Balakumaran Chandrasekar
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom; The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Renier A L van der Hoorn
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom.
| | - Jean-Christophe Avice
- Université de Caen Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France; UCBN, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France; INRA, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France.
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Zhang Z, Jiang S, Wang N, Li M, Ji X, Sun S, Liu J, Wang D, Xu H, Qi S, Wu S, Fei Z, Feng S, Chen X. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with Apple Fruit Ripening and Softening by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0146061. [PMID: 26719904 PMCID: PMC4697835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple is one of the most economically important horticultural fruit crops worldwide. It is critical to gain insights into fruit ripening and softening to improve apple fruit quality and extend shelf life. In this study, forward and reverse suppression subtractive hybridization libraries were generated from 'Taishanzaoxia' apple fruits sampled around the ethylene climacteric to isolate ripening- and softening-related genes. A set of 648 unigenes were derived from sequence alignment and cluster assembly of 918 expressed sequence tags. According to gene ontology functional classification, 390 out of 443 unigenes (88%) were assigned to the biological process category, 356 unigenes (80%) were classified in the molecular function category, and 381 unigenes (86%) were allocated to the cellular component category. A total of 26 unigenes differentially expressed during fruit development period were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. These genes were involved in cell wall modification, anthocyanin biosynthesis, aroma production, stress response, metabolism, transcription, or were non-annotated. Some genes associated with cell wall modification, anthocyanin biosynthesis and aroma production were up-regulated and significantly correlated with ethylene production, suggesting that fruit texture, coloration and aroma may be regulated by ethylene in 'Taishanzaoxia'. Some of the identified unigenes associated with fruit ripening and softening have not been characterized in public databases. The results contribute to an improved characterization of changes in gene expression during apple fruit ripening and softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Shenghui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Shasha Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Jingxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Deyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Sumin Qi
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Shujing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Shouqian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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Parkash J, Kashyap S, Kirti S, Singh AK, Dutt S. Cathepsin B cysteine protease gene is upregulated during leaf senescence and exhibits differential expression behavior in response to phytohormones in Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Quain MD, Makgopa ME, Cooper JW, Kunert KJ, Foyer CH. Ectopic phytocystatin expression increases nodule numbers and influences the responses of soybean (Glycine max) to nitrogen deficiency. Phytochemistry 2015; 112:179-87. [PMID: 25659749 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine proteases and cystatins have many functions that remain poorly characterised, particularly in crop plants. We therefore investigated the responses of these proteins to nitrogen deficiency in wild-type soybeans and in two independent transgenic soybean lines (OCI-1 and OCI-2) that express the rice cystatin, oryzacystatin-I (OCI). Plants were grown for four weeks under either a high (5 mM) nitrate (HN) regime or in the absence of added nitrate (LN) in the absence or presence of symbiotic rhizobial bacteria. Under the LN regime all lines showed similar classic symptoms of nitrogen deficiency including lower shoot biomass and leaf chlorophyll. However, the LN-induced decreases in leaf protein and increases in root protein tended to be smaller in the OCI-1 and OCI-2 lines than in the wild type. When LN-plants were grown with rhizobia, OCI-1 and OCI-2 roots had significantly more crown nodules than wild-type plants. The growth nitrogen regime had a significant effect on the abundance of transcripts encoding vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs), LN-dependent increases in VPE2 and VPE3 transcripts in all lines. However, the LN-dependent increases of VPE2 and VPE3 transcripts were significantly lower in the leaves of OCI-1 and OCI-2 plants than in the wild type. These results show that nitrogen availability regulates the leaf and root cysteine protease, VPE and cystatin transcript profiles in a manner that is in some cases influenced by ectopic OCI expression. Moreover, the OCI-dependent inhibition of papain-like cysteine proteases favours increased nodulation and enhanced tolerance to nitrogen limitation, as shown by the smaller LN-dependent decreases in leaf protein observed in the OCI-1 and OCI-2 plants relative to the wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian D Quain
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Matome E Makgopa
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Plant Science Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - James W Cooper
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Karl J Kunert
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Plant Science Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Christine H Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Díaz-Mendoza M, Velasco-Arroyo B, González-Melendi P, Martínez M, Díaz I. C1A cysteine protease-cystatin interactions in leaf senescence. J Exp Bot 2014; 65:3825-33. [PMID: 24600023 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Senescence-associated proteolysis in plants is a crucial process to relocalize nutrients from leaves to growing or storage tissues. The massive net degradation of proteins involves broad metabolic networks, different subcellular compartments, and several types of proteases and regulators. C1A cysteine proteases, grouped as cathepsin L-, B-, H-, and F-like according to their gene structures and phylogenetic relationships, are the most abundant enzymes responsible for the proteolytic activity during leaf senescence. Besides, cystatins as specific modulators of C1A peptidase activities exert a complex regulatory role in this physiological process. This overview article covers the most recent information on C1A proteases in leaf senescence in different plant species. Particularly, it is focussed on barley, as the unique species where the whole gene family members of C1A cysteine proteases and cystatins have been analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Díaz-Mendoza
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (Km 38), 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Velasco-Arroyo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (Km 38), 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (Km 38), 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (Km 38), 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Díaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (Km 38), 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
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Raimbault AK, Zuily-Fodil Y, Soler A, Mora P, Cruz de Carvalho MH. The expression patterns of bromelain and AcCYS1 correlate with blackheart resistance in pineapple fruits submitted to postharvest chilling stress. J Plant Physiol 2013; 170:1442-1446. [PMID: 23777839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Blackheart is a physiological disorder induced by postharvest chilling storage during pineapple fruit export shipping. The aim of this study was to check the involvement of bromelain, the cysteine protease protein family abundantly present in pineapple fruits, and AcCYS1, an endogenous inhibitor of bromelain, in the development of blackheart. For this we checked the response to postharvest chilling treatment of two pineapple varieties (MD2 and Smooth Cayenne) differing in their resistance to blackheart. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses showed that postharvest chilling treatment induced a down-regulation of bromelain transcript accumulation in both varieties with the most dramatic drop in the resistant variety. Regarding AcCYS1 transcript accumulation, the varieties showed opposite trends with an up-regulation in the case of the resistant variety and a down-regulation in the susceptible one. Taken together our results suggest that the control of bromelain and AcCYS1 expression levels directly correlates to the resistance to blackheart development in pineapple fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid-Kim Raimbault
- IBIOS-UMR CNRS 7618 BIOEMCO, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil cedex 2, France; CIRAD-PRAM, Quartier Petite Morne, BP214, 97 285 Le Lamentin, Martinique
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Vorster B, Schlüter U, du Plessis M, van Wyk S, Makgopa M, Ncube I, Quain M, Kunert K, Foyer C. The Cysteine Protease–Cysteine Protease Inhibitor System Explored in Soybean Nodule Development. Agronomy 2013; 3:550-70. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy3030550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mulisch M, Asp T, Krupinska K, Hollmann J, Holm PB. The Tr-cp 14 cysteine protease in white clover (Trifolium repens) is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and is associated with programmed cell death during development of tracheary elements. Protoplasma 2013; 250:623-9. [PMID: 22707085 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine proteases are known to be associated with programmed cell death, developmental senescence and some types of pathogen and stress-induced responses. In the present study, we have characterized the cysteine protease Tr-cp 14 in white clover (Trifolium repens). Tr-cp 14 belongs to the C1A family of cysteine proteases with homology to XCP1 and XCP2 from Arabidopsis thaliana and p48h-17 from Zinnia elegans, which previously have been reported to be associated with tracheary element differentiation. The proform as well as the processed form of the protein was detected in petioles, flowers and leaves, but the processed form was more abundant in leaves and petioles than in flowers. The Tr-cp 14 protein was localized to differentiating tracheary elements within the xylem, indicating that the cysteine protease is involved in protein re-mobilization during tracheary element differentiation. Immunogold studies suggest that the protease prior to the burst of the vacuole was associated to the ER cisternae. After disruption of the tonoplast, it was found in the cytoplasm, and, in later stages, associated with disintegrating material dispersed throughout the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mulisch
- Institute of Botany and Central Microscopy, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
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Cambra I, Martinez M, Dáder B, González-Melendi P, Gandullo J, Santamaría ME, Diaz I. A cathepsin F-like peptidase involved in barley grain protein mobilization, HvPap-1, is modulated by its own propeptide and by cystatins. J Exp Bot 2012; 63:4615-29. [PMID: 22791822 PMCID: PMC3421991 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Among the C1A cysteine proteases, the plant cathepsin F-like group has been poorly studied. This paper describes the molecular and functional characterization of the HvPap-1 cathepsin F-like protein from barley. This peptidase is N-glycosylated and has to be processed to become active by its own propeptide being an important modulator of the peptidase activity. The expression pattern of its mRNA and protein suggest that it is involved in different proteolytic processes in the barley plant. HvPap-1 peptidase has been purified in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein is able to degrade different substrates, including barley grain proteins (hordeins, albumins, and globulins) stored in the barley endosperm. It has been localized in protein bodies and vesicles of the embryo and it is induced in aleurones by gibberellin treatment. These three features support the implication of HvPap-1 in storage protein mobilization during grain germination. In addition, a complex regulation exerted by the barley cystatins, which are cysteine protease inhibitors, and by its own propeptide, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Cambra
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Autovía M40 (Km 38), 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Autovía M40 (Km 38), 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Dáder
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias-CSIC, Calle Serrano 115bis, 28006 Madrid,Spain
| | - Pablo González-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Autovía M40 (Km 38), 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacinto Gandullo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Autovía M40 (Km 38), 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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M. Estrella Santamaría
- Department of Biology WSC 339/341, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Autovía M40 (Km 38), 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Abstract
Senescence is the final developmental stage of every plant organ, which leads to cell death. It is a highly regulated process, involving differential gene expression and outstanding increment in the rate of protein degradation. Senescence-associated proteolysis enables the remobilization of nutrients, such as nitrogen (N), from senescent tissues to developing organs or seeds. In addition to the nutrient recycling function, senescence-associated proteases are also involved in the regulation of the senescence process. Nearly, all protease families have been associated with some aspects of plant senescence, and numerous reports addressing the new identification of senescence-associated proteases are published every year. Here, we provide an updated report with the most recent information published in the field, focusing on senescence-associated proteases presumably involved in N remobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma N Roberts
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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14
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Abstract
Plant cysteine-proteases (CysProt) represent a well-characterized type of proteolytic enzymes that fulfill tightly regulated physiological functions (senescence and seed germination among others) and defense roles. This article is focused on the group of papain-proteases C1A (family C1, clan CA) and their inhibitors, phytocystatins (PhyCys). In particular, the protease-inhibitor interaction and their mutual participation in specific pathways throughout the plant's life are reviewed. C1A CysProt and PhyCys have been molecularly characterized, and comparative sequence analyses have identified consensus functional motifs. A correlation can be established between the number of identified CysProt and PhyCys in angiosperms. Thus, evolutionary forces may have determined a control role of cystatins on both endogenous and pest-exogenous proteases in these species. Tagging the proteases and inhibitors with fluorescence proteins revealed common patterns of subcellular localization in the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi network in transiently transformed onion epidermal cells. Further in vivo interactions were demonstrated by bimolecular fluorescent complementation, suggesting their participation in the same physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Martínez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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15
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