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Sisco A, Cohen R. A Short-Term Longitudinal Examination of Willingness to Confide in a Friend about Being Cyber Victimized. J Genet Psychol 2024; 185:65-76. [PMID: 37811804 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2023.2266520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Research consistently documents negative consequences for children who are cyber victims, underscoring the need to examine effective management. Disclosure to friends about cyber victimization is advocated; however, research is limited. The present research examined willingness to disclose to friends about being cyber victimized for fourth graders and evaluated the subsequent frequency of cyber victimization when in grade 5 (N = 207). Three groups in Grade 4 were identified: No Victimization, Victimization/No Tell, and Victimization/Tell. Children in the Victimization/Tell group reported a significantly lower frequency of cyber victimization a year later. The Victimization/No Tell group of children did not report a statistically reduced frequency of cyber victimization. The number of classroom mutual friends was ruled out as an explanation. This research supports the use of a strategy for children confiding with friends to reduce subsequent cyber victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Sisco
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert Cohen
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
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Bacopoulou F, Foskolos E, Stefanaki C, Tsitsami E, Vousoura E. Disordered eating attitudes and emotional/behavioral adjustment in Greek adolescents. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:621-8. [PMID: 29189978 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between disordered eating attitudes and emotional/behavioral adjustment in Greek adolescents as well as the moderating role of gender and body mass index (BMI) in this relationship. METHODS Ninety adolescents, 11-18 years old, were assessed using anthropometric measurements; demographics, eating attitudes and level of emotional/behavioral adjustment were examined via self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS Disordered eating attitudes were prevalent in 17.8% of the sample. A significant relationship was found between disordered eating attitudes and Youth Self-Report (YSR) anxiety score (r = .22, p < .05). Gender significantly moderated the relationship between YSR anxiety symptoms and Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) scores (b = .59, p = .01) and this effect held true for the EAT bulimia subscale (b = .20, p = .03), but not for the dieting or the oral control subscales. Contrary to our hypothesis, BMI did not moderate the relationship between EAT and YSR anxiety sub-scores (b = .13, p > .05). CONCLUSION Girls with elevated anxiety levels appear to be at risk for exhibiting disordered eating attitudes, especially bulimic behaviors. This finding highlights the importance of developing gender-based preventive interventions tailored to these specific emotional/behavioral aspects. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Levin RL, Rawana JS. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and eating disorders across the lifespan: A systematic review of the literature. Clin Psychol Rev 2016; 50:22-36. [PMID: 27693587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and eating disorders are common and concerning mental health disorders. There is both empirical and theoretical support for an association between ADHD and eating disorders or disordered eating. This systematic review aims to summarize the extant literature on the comorbidity of ADHD and eating disorders across the lifespan, including the influences of sex, age, eating disorder diagnosis, and potential mediators. A total of 37 peer-reviewed studies on diagnosed ADHD and eating disturbances were identified through key research databases. Twenty-six studies supported a strong empirical association between ADHD and eating disorders or disordered eating. The systematic review findings suggest that children with ADHD are at risk for disordered eating, while adolescents, emerging adults, and adults are at risk for both eating disorders and disordered eating. Methodological considerations, future research, and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivka L Levin
- York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jennine S Rawana
- York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
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Brand-Gothelf A, Leor S, Apter A, Fennig S. The impact of comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders on severity of anorexia nervosa in adolescent girls. J Nerv Ment Dis 2014; 202:759-62. [PMID: 25265267 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We examined the impact of comorbid depression and anxiety disorders on the severity of anorexia nervosa (AN) in adolescent girls. Adolescent girls with AN (N = 88) were divided into one group with and another group without comorbid disorders, and selected subjective and objective measures of illness severity were compared between the two groups. The comorbid group had significantly higher scores than the noncomorbid group for all four subscales and total scores of the Eating Disorders Examination as well as for all Eating Disorders Inventory-2 subscales, except for bulimia. The comorbid group also had significantly more suicide attempts and hospitalizations compared with the noncomorbid group. There were no significant group differences for the lowest ever body mass index, duration of AN symptoms, and age at AN onset. Our findings suggest that AN with comorbid depression and anxiety disorder is a more severe clinical variant of the disorder, especially with respect to severity of psychological symptoms and suicide risk.
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Gamero-Villarroel C, Gordillo I, Carrillo JA, García-Herráiz A, Flores I, Jiménez M, Monge M, Rodríguez-López R, Gervasini G. BDNF genetic variability modulates psychopathological symptoms in patients with eating disorders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 23:669-79. [PMID: 24292283 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-013-0495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene may influence eating behavior, body weight and cognitive impairments. We aimed to investigate whether BDNF genetic variability may affect anthropometric and psychological parameters in patients with anorexia or bulimia nervosa (AN, BN) and/or modulate the risk for the disorder. A total of 169 unrelated female patients and 312 healthy controls were genotyped for two common BDNF single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), Val66Met and C-270T, and several selected tag-SNPs. Associated personality characteristics and psychopathological symptoms were assessed by the EDI-2 and SCL-90R inventories, respectively. No single SNP or haplotype played a relevant role in the risk for AN or BN. The rs16917237 TT genotype was significantly associated with increased weight (74.63 ± 16.58 vs. 57.93 ± 13.02) and body mass index (28.94 ± 6.22 vs. 22.23 ± 4.77) in the BN group after correcting for multiple testing. Haplotype analyses using a sliding window approach with three adjacent SNPs produced four loci of interest. Locus 3 (rs10835210/rs16917237/C-270T) showed a broad impact on the measured psychopathological symptoms. Haplotypes CGC and CGT in this locus correlated with scores in all three scales of the SCL-90R inventory, both in AN and BN patients. In contrast, the results of the EDI-2 inventory were largely unaffected. These preliminary results suggest that variability in the BDNF gene locus may contribute to anthropometric characteristics and also psychopathological symptoms that are common but not exclusive of ED patients.
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Racine SE, Wildes JE. Emotion dysregulation and symptoms of anorexia nervosa: the unique roles of lack of emotional awareness and impulse control difficulties when upset. Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:713-20. [PMID: 23754665 PMCID: PMC3784620 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extant research suggests that individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) have deficits in emotion regulation across a variety of domains. The current study investigated associations between specific difficulties with emotion regulation and the core symptoms of AN. METHOD Participants were 192 patients with AN presenting to an intensive eating disorder treatment facility. Emotion regulation was assessed using the multidimensional Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and associations with body mass index (BMI) at admission, eating disorder cognitions, objective binge eating, subjective binge eating, and purging were examined. RESULTS Eating disorder cognitions were significantly associated with multiple forms of emotion dysregulation; however, only lack of emotional awareness was independently related to these symptoms. In contrast, impulse control difficulties when upset was the only emotion regulation impairment associated with the presence of recurrent objective binge eating and recurrent purging in AN. No significant relationships between emotion regulation and BMI or subjective binge eating were detected. DISCUSSION Results point to differential associations between specific emotion regulation deficits and core symptoms of AN. These findings suggest that parsing the construct of emotion regulation as well as the AN phenotype can help to identify the unique ways in which eating disorder symptoms may function to regulate emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Racine
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Wildes
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Bühren K, Schwarte R, Fluck F, Timmesfeld N, Krei M, Egberts K, Pfeiffer E, Fleischhaker C, Wewetzer C, Herpertz-Dahlmann B. Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders in Female Adolescents with First-Onset Anorexia Nervosa. Eur Eat Disorders Rev 2013; 22:39-44. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Bühren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; University Clinics RWTH Aachen; Aachen Germany
| | - R Schwarte
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; University Clinics RWTH Aachen; Aachen Germany
| | - F Fluck
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; University Clinics RWTH Aachen; Aachen Germany
| | - N Timmesfeld
- Department of Medical Statistics; University of Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - M Krei
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; University Clinics RWTH Aachen; Aachen Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - E Pfeiffer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - C Fleischhaker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University Clinics Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - C Wewetzer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Kliniken der Stadt Köln; Köln Germany
| | - B Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; University Clinics RWTH Aachen; Aachen Germany
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Watson HJ, McCormack J, Hoiles KJ, Forbes D, Potts J. The HOPE (Helping to Outline Paediatric Eating Disorders) Project: development and debut of a paediatric clinical eating disorder registry. J Eat Disord 2013; 1:30. [PMID: 24999409 PMCID: PMC4081767 DOI: 10.1186/2050-2974-1-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HOPE (Helping to Outline Paediatric Eating Disorders) Project is an ongoing registry study made up of a sequential cross-sectional sample prospectively recruited over 17 years, and is designed to answer empirical questions about paediatric eating disorders. This paper introduces the HOPE Project, describes the registry sample to-date, and discusses future directions and challenges and accomplishments. The project and clinical service were established in a tertiary academic hospital in Western Australia in 1996 with a service development grant. Research processes were inbuilt into the initial protocols and data collection was maintained in the following years. Recognisable progress with the research agenda accelerated only when dedicated research resources were obtained. The registry sample consists of consecutive children and adolescents assessed at the eating disorder program from 1996 onward. Standardised multidisciplinary data collected from family intake interview, parent and child clinical interviews, medical review, parent, child and teacher psychometric assessments, and inpatient admission records populate the HOPE Project database. RESULTS The registry database to-date contains 941 assessments, of whom 685 met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder at admission. The majority of the sample were females (91%) from metropolitan Perth (83%). The cases with eating disorders consist of eating disorders not otherwise specified (68%), anorexia nervosa (25%) and bulimia nervosa (7%). Among those with eating disorders, a history of weight loss since illness onset was almost universal (96%) with fear of weight gain (71%) common, and the median duration of illness was 8 months. CONCLUSIONS Over the next five years and more, we expect that the HOPE Project will make a strong scientific contribution to paediatric eating disorders research and will have important real-world applications to clinical practice and policy as the research unfolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunna J Watson
- Eating Disorders Program, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia ; Centre for Clinical Interventions, Perth, Australia ; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia ; School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Julie McCormack
- Eating Disorders Program, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia
| | - Kimberley J Hoiles
- Eating Disorders Program, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia ; School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - David Forbes
- Eating Disorders Program, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia ; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Julie Potts
- Eating Disorders Program, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia
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Adambegan M, Wagner G, Nader IW, Fernandez-Aranda F, Treasure J, Karwautz A. Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviour Problems in Childhood Contribute to the Development of Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa-A Study Comparing Sister Pairs. Eur Eat Disorders Rev 2011; 20:116-20. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Adambegan
- Eating Disorders Unit at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Gudrun Wagner
- Eating Disorders Unit at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Ingo W. Nader
- Department of Basic Psychological Research; University of Vienna; Austria
| | | | - Janet Treasure
- Department of Academic Psychiatry; St. Thomas and Guys Hospital; London; UK
| | - Andreas Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
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Abstract
This study examined coping and general psychopathology as possible predictors of reduction of eating disorder symptomatology. Assessment took place at pre- and post-treatment for all eating disorder patients (N = 93). Eating pattern and behavior were measured, as well as BMI and general psychopathology. As hypothesized, the coping strategies and comorbidity of respondents at pre-treatment contributed significantly to their outcome scores, and behavior aspects associated with eating disorders. Active coping strategies and low levels of general psychopathology predicted better outcome scores. This implies that active coping strategies and low levels of accompanying psychopathology at pre-treatment could be indicators of good chances for reduction of eating disorder symptomatology such as emotional eating, bulimia symptomatology, ineffectiveness, and introceptive awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Davies
- Outpatient Clinic for Eating Disorders and Obesity, Mental Health Care Center Region Oost-Brabant, Veghel, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate emotion avoidance in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and to examine whether emotion avoidance helps to explain (i.e., mediates) the relation between depressive and anxiety symptoms and eating disorder (ED) psychopathology in this group. METHOD Seventy-five patients with AN completed questionnaires to assess study variables. Rates of emotion avoidance were compared to published data, and regression models were used to test the hypothesis that emotion avoidance mediates the relation between depressive and anxiety symptoms and ED psychopathology in AN. RESULTS Patients with AN endorsed levels of emotion avoidance that were comparable to or higher than other psychiatric populations and exceeded community controls. As predicted, emotion avoidance significantly explained the relations of depressive and anxiety symptoms to ED psychopathology. DISCUSSION Findings confirm that emotion avoidance is present in patients with AN and provide initial support for the idea that anorexic symptoms function, in part, to help individuals avoid aversive emotional states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Wildes
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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Thomas JJ, Vartanian LR, Brownell KD. The relationship between eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and officially recognized eating disorders: meta-analysis and implications for DSM. Psychol Bull 2009; 135:407-33. [PMID: 19379023 DOI: 10.1037/a0015326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) is the most prevalent eating disorder (ED) diagnosis. In this meta-analysis, the authors aimed to inform Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders revisions by comparing the psychopathology of EDNOS with that of the officially recognized EDs: anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). A comprehensive literature search identified 125 eligible studies (published and unpublished) appearing in the literature from 1987 to 2007. Random effects analyses indicated that whereas EDNOS did not differ significantly from AN and BED on eating pathology or general psychopathology, BN exhibited greater eating and general psychopathology than EDNOS. Moderator analyses indicated that EDNOS groups who met all diagnostic criteria for AN except for amenorrhea did not differ significantly from full syndrome cases. Similarly, EDNOS groups who met all criteria for BN or BED except for binge frequency did not differ significantly from full syndrome cases. Results suggest that EDNOS represents a set of disorders associated with substantial psychological and physiological morbidity. Although certain EDNOS subtypes could be incorporated into existing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) categories, others-such as purging disorder and non-fat-phobic AN-may be best conceptualized as distinct syndromes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).
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Saito S, Watanabe K, Hashimoto E, Saito T. Low serum BDNF and food intake regulation: a possible new explanation of the pathophysiology of eating disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009; 33:312-6. [PMID: 19152823 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence suggest that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in weight regulation and eating behavior, and poorly balanced diets lead to a decrease in blood BDNF levels. However, studies regarding BDNF blood levels in eating disorders (ED) have yielded inconsistent results. We measured serum concentrations of BDNF and assessed behavior and cognition related to eating in ED patients and control subjects. METHODS Forty female drug-free patients [19 with anorexia nervosa (AN), 21 with bulimia nervosa (BN)], who did not meet the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorder, and 24 age-matched normal control subjects were enrolled in the current study. We evaluated eating-related psychopathology and depressive symptoms using the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and measured serum BDNF levels by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Compared to normal controls, serum levels of BDNF were significantly reduced in AN, but not in BN. There was a significant positive correlation between serum BDNF levels and BMI in both AN patients (r=.649, p=.003) and BN patients (r=.626, p=.002). However, no correlation between serum BDNF levels and BMI was detected in the controls. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between serum BDNF levels and the oral control subscale scores of EAT in both AN patients (r=-.506, p=.027) and BN patients (r=-.511, p=.018); whereas, no correlation was detected in normal controls. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that individuals showing more extreme food intake regulation were those with lower serum BDNF levels. This finding is contrary to that in mice where mice with reduced BDNF levels showed aberrant eating behavior. This result suggests that BDNF is no longer functioning appropriately in ED patients, which could be an important factor in the pathophysiological of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Saito
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 0608543 Japan.
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Salbach-Andrae H, Lenz K, Simmendinger N, Klinkowski N, Lehmkuhl U, Pfeiffer E. Psychiatric comorbidities among female adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2008; 39:261-72. [PMID: 17987378 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-007-0086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated current comorbid Axis I diagnoses associated with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) in adolescents. The sample included 101 female adolescents treated at a psychiatric unit for primary DSM-IV diagnoses of AN. 73.3% of the AN patients were diagnosed as having a current comorbidity of at least one comorbid Axis I diagnosis, with no differences across AN subtypes. Mood disorders (60.4%) were most commonly identified, followed by the category anxiety disorders without obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) (25.7%), OCD (16.8%) and substance use disorders (7.9%). Two specific diagnoses differed across the two subtypes of AN. Substance use disorder was 18 times, and the category anxiety disorder without OCD was three times as likely to co-occur with AN binge-eating disorder and purging type than with AN restricting type. Clinicians should be alerted to the particularly high rate of psychiatric comorbidities in adolescents suffering from AN.
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Mercader JM, Fernández-Aranda F, Gratacòs M, Ribasés M, Badía A, Villarejo C, Solano R, González JR, Vallejo J, Estivill X. Blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor correlate with several psychopathological symptoms in anorexia nervosa patients. Neuropsychobiology 2008; 56:185-90. [PMID: 18337636 DOI: 10.1159/000120623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence of a role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the pathophysiology of eating disorders (ED) has been provided by association studies and by murine models. BDNF plasma levels have been found altered in ED and in psychiatric disorders that show comorbidity with ED. AIMS Since the role of BDNF levels in ED-related psychopathological symptoms has not been tested, we investigated the correlation of BDNF plasma levels with the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90R) questionnaire in a total of 78 ED patients. METHODS BDNF levels, measured by the enzyme-linked immunoassay system, and SCL-90R questionnaire, were assessed in a total of 78 ED patients. The relationship between BDNF levels and SCL-90R scales was calculated using a general linear model. RESULTS BDNF plasma levels correlated with the Global Severity Index and the Positive Symptom Distress Index global scales and five of the nine subscales in the anorexia nervosa patients. BDNF plasma levels were able to explain, in the case of the Psychoticism subscale, up to 17% of the variability (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that BDNF levels could be involved in the severity of the disease through the modulation of psychopathological traits that are associated with the ED phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Mercader
- Genes and Disease Program, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
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