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Wang Y, Qing S, Yang J, Qian D. SCH772984 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced hypoglycemia in mice through reversing MEK/ERK/Foxo1-mediated gluconeogenesis suppression. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:33-41. [PMID: 37944129 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in a lethal hypoglycemic response. However, the main molecular mechanism involved in LPS-induced glucose metabolism disorder is poorly understood. This study intends to investigate the signaling pathways involved in LPS-induced hypoglycemia and potential efficacy of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor SCH772984. The effects of LPS and SCH772984 on gluconeogenesis, glucose absorption, and glycogenolysis were evaluated by pyruvate tolerance test, oral glucose tolerance test, and glucagon test, respectively. After a single intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg/kg LPS, the mice's blood glucose levels and gluconeogenesis ability were significantly lower than that of control group. Besides, mRNA and protein expression of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) decreased significantly after LPS treatment. LPS induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, MEK1/2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase), and Foxo1 while inhibited Foxo1 expression in the nucleus, indicating an important role of the MEK/ERK/Foxo1 signaling in the inhibition of gluconeogenesis by LPS. Furthermore, SCH772984 elevated blood glucose, increased the G6Pase and PEPCK expression, and inhibited pERK1/2 and pFoxo1 expression in LPS-induced mice. In summary, LPS inhibited gluconeogenesis and induced hypoglycemia through the MEK/ERK/Foxo1 signal pathway, and ERK inhibitor could effectively reverse decreased blood glucose in mice with LPS treatment. These findings provide a novel therapeutic target for LPS-induced hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyun Qing
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610014, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehui Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
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2
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Vaez H, Soraya H, Garjani A, Gholikhani T. Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and AMPK Relevance in Cardiovascular Disease. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:36-47. [PMID: 36721803 PMCID: PMC9871286 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential receptors of the innate immune system, playing a significant role in cardiovascular diseases. TLR4, with the highest expression among TLRs in the heart, has been investigated extensively for its critical role in different myocardial inflammatory conditions. Studies suggest that inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathways reduces inflammatory responses and even prevents additional injuries to the already damaged myocardium. Recent research results have led to a hypothesis that there may be a relation between TLR4 expression and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in various inflammatory conditions, including cardiovascular diseases. AMPK, as a cellular energy sensor, has been reported to show anti-inflammatory effects in various models of inflammatory diseases. AMPK, in addition to its physiological acts in the heart, plays an essential role in myocardial ischemia and hypoxia by activating various energy production pathways. Herein we will discuss the role of TLR4 and AMPK in cardiovascular diseases and a possible relation between TLRs and AMPK as a novel therapeutic target. In our opinion, AMPK-related TLR modulators will find application in treating different immune-mediated inflammatory disorders, especially inflammatory cardiac diseases, and present an option that will be widely used in clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Vaez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Haleh Vaez, Tel:+984133344798, Fax:+984133344798,
| | - Hamid Soraya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Garjani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tooba Gholikhani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nanora Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Tabriz, Iran
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Zhang X, Pan L, Tong R, Li Y, Si L, Chen Y, Wu M, Wang Q. Effects of crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone RNA interference on regulation of glucose metabolism in Litopenaeus vannamei after ammonia-nitrogen exposure. Br J Nutr 2021;:1-14. [PMID: 33988091 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521001574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To unveil the adaptation of Litopenaeus vannamei to elevated ambient ammonia-N, crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (CHH) was knocked down to investigate its function in glucose metabolism pathway under ammonia-N exposure. When CHH was silenced, haemolymph glucose increased significantly during 3-6 h, decreased significantly during 12-48 h and recovered to the control groups' level at 72 h. After CHH knock-down, dopamine (DA) contents reduced significantly during 3-24 h, which recovered after 48 h. Besides, the expressions of guanylyl cyclase (GC) and DA1R in the hepatopancreas decreased significantly, while DA4R increased significantly. Correspondingly, the contents of cyclic AMP (cAMP), cyclic GMP (cGMP) and diacylglycerol (DAG) and the expressions of protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase G (PKG), AMP active protein kinase α (AMPKα) and AMPKγ were significantly down-regulated, while the levels of protein kinase C (PKC) and AMPKβ were significantly up-regulated. The expressions of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and GLUT2 decreased significantly, while GLUT1 increased significantly. Moreover, glycogen content, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase activities in hepatopancreas and muscle were significantly increased. Furthermore, the levels of key enzymes hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase in glycolysis (GLY), rate-limiting enzymes citrate synthase in tricarboxylic acid and critical enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose diphosphate and glucose-6-phosphatase in gluconeogenesis (GNG) were significantly decreased in hepatopancreas. These results suggest that CHH affects DA and then they affect their receptors to transmit glucose metabolism signals into the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei under ammonia-N stress. CHH acts on the cGMP-PKG-AMPKα-CREB pathway through GC, and CHH affects DA to influence cAMP-PKA-AMPKγ-CREB and DAG-PKC-AMPKβ-CREB pathways, thereby regulating GLUT, inhibiting glycogen metabolism and promoting GLY and GNG. This study contributes to further understand glucose metabolism mechanism of crustacean in response to environmental stress.
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Guevara-Cruz M, Godinez-Salas ET, Sanchez-Tapia M, Torres-Villalobos G, Pichardo-Ontiveros E, Guizar-Heredia R, Arteaga-Sanchez L, Gamba G, Mojica-Espinosa R, Schcolnik-Cabrera A, Granados O, López-Barradas A, Vargas-Castillo A, Torre-Villalvazo I, Noriega LG, Torres N, Tovar AR. Genistein stimulates insulin sensitivity through gut microbiota reshaping and skeletal muscle AMPK activation in obese subjects. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e000948. [PMID: 32152146 PMCID: PMC7064085 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance and dyslipidemias. Previous studies demonstrated that genistein intake modifies the gut microbiota in mice by selectively increasing Akkermansia muciniphila, leading to reduction of metabolic endotoxemia and insulin sensitivity. However, it is not known whether the consumption of genistein in humans with obesity could modify the gut microbiota reducing the metabolic endotoxemia and insulin sensitivity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 45 participants with a Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index greater than 2.5 and body mass indices of ≥30 and≤40 kg/m2 were studied. Patients were randomly distributed to consume (1) placebo treatment or (2) genistein capsules (50 mg/day) for 2 months. Blood samples were taken to evaluate glucose concentration, lipid profile and serum insulin. Insulin resistance was determined by means of the HOMA for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and by an oral glucose tolerance test. After 2 months, the same variables were assessed including a serum metabolomic analysis, gut microbiota, and a skeletal muscle biopsy was obtained to study the gene expression of fatty acid oxidation. RESULTS In the present study, we show that the consumption of genistein for 2 months reduced insulin resistance in subjects with obesity, accompanied by a modification of the gut microbiota taxonomy, particularly by an increase in the Verrucomicrobia phylum. In addition, subjects showed a reduction in metabolic endotoxemia and an increase in 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. As a result, there was an increase in circulating metabolites of β-oxidation and ω-oxidation, acyl-carnitines and ketone bodies. CONCLUSIONS Change in the gut microbiota was accompanied by an improvement in insulin resistance and an increase in skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation. Therefore, genistein could be used as a part of dietary strategies to control the abnormalities associated with obesity, particularly insulin resistance; however, long-term studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Einar T Godinez-Salas
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Monica Sanchez-Tapia
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | | | - Edgar Pichardo-Ontiveros
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Rocio Guizar-Heredia
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Liliana Arteaga-Sanchez
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | | | | | - Omar Granados
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Adriana López-Barradas
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Ariana Vargas-Castillo
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Lilia G Noriega
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico
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Gomez DE, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Lofstedt J, Arroyo LG, Nino-Fong R, McClure JT. Detection of endotoxin in plasma of hospitalized diarrheic calves. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2019; 29:166-172. [PMID: 30810269 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is present in plasma of calves with naturally occurring diarrhea. The second objective was to determine whether plasma [LPS] correlates with clinical, hematological, biochemical, and acid-base variables, and whether [LPS] differs between surviving and nonsurviving diarrheic calves. DESIGN Prospective observational study (January 2012-May 2014). SETTING Veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Thirty-four calves <28 days old admitted for diagnosis and treatment of diarrhea and 30 healthy control calves. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Admission demographics, physical examination, blood gas, biochemistry analysis, and outcome data were recorded. Plasma concentration of LPS was determined using a bovine LPS ELISA assay. Plasma [LPS] was detected in both healthy and diarrheic calves. Plasma [LPS] was significantly higher in diarrheic than healthy calves (median: 0.99 ng/mL; Interquartile range (IQR): 0.068, vs 0.88 ng/mL; 0.065 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.001). Plasma [LPS] was higher in nonsurviving (1.04 ng/mL; 0.07 ng/mL) than in surviving calves (0.98 ng/mL; 0.022 ng/mL; P < 0.001). Plasma [LPS] was higher in beef (1.07 ng/mL; 0.182 ng/mL) than in dairy diarrheic calves (0.99 ng/mL; 0.022 ng/mL; P < 0.001). In diarrheic calves, plasma [LPS] correlated with [l-lactate] (r2 = 0.496; P = 0.002); hypoglycemia (r2 = -0.453; P = 0.007); increased unmeasured strong ions (r2 = 0.332; P = 0.050), [Mg2+ ] (r2 = 0.475; P = 0.004), and [phosphate] (r2 = 0.468; P = 0.005), and increased aspartate aminotransferase activity (r2 = 0.348; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights a potential role of LPS in the pathogenesis of metabolic derangements such as hyperlactatemia, hypoglycemia, and increased concentration of unmeasured strong anions in diarrheic calves. Further investigation evaluating the effect of LPS on l-lactate and glucose metabolism in diarrheic calves is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Gomez
- Department of Health Management Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Juan C Rodriguez-Lecompte
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Jeanne Lofstedt
- Department of Health Management Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Luis G Arroyo
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Rodolfo Nino-Fong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts and Nevis
| | - J Trenton McClure
- Department of Health Management Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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Loeser K, Seemann S, König S, Lenhardt I, Abdel-Tawab M, Koeberle A, Werz O, Lupp A. Protective Effect of Casperome ®, an Orally Bioavailable Frankincense Extract, on Lipopolysaccharide- Induced Systemic Inflammation in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:387. [PMID: 29731716 PMCID: PMC5921439 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Despite recent advances in critical care, sepsis remains a crucial cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. Therefore, the identification of new therapeutic strategies is of great importance. Since ancient times, frankincense is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, the present study intends to evaluate if Casperome® (Casp), an orally bioavailable soy lecithin-based formulation of standardized frankincense extract, is able to ameliorate systemic effects and organ damages induced by severe systemic inflammation using a murine model of sepsis, i.e., intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Methods: Male 60-day-old mice were assigned to six treatment groups: (1) control, (2) LPS, (3) soy lecithin (blank lecithin without frankincense extract), (4) Casp, (5) soy lecithin plus LPS, or (6) Casp plus LPS. Soy lecithin and Casp were given 3 h prior to LPS treatment; 24 h after LPS administration, animals were sacrificed and health status and serum cytokine levels were evaluated. Additionally, parameters representing liver damage or liver function and indicating oxidative stress in different organs were determined. Furthermore, markers for apoptosis and immune cell redistribution were assessed by immunohistochemistry in liver and spleen. Results: LPS treatment caused a decrease in body temperature, blood glucose levels, liver glycogen content, and biotransformation capacity along with an increase in serum cytokine levels and oxidative stress in various organs. Additionally, apoptotic processes were increased in spleen besides a pronounced immune cell infiltration in both liver and spleen. Pretreatment with Casp significantly improved health status, blood glucose values, and body temperature of the animals, while serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in all organs tested were significantly diminished. Finally, apoptotic processes in spleen, liver glycogen loss, and immune cell infiltration in liver and spleen were distinctly reduced. Casp also appears to induce various cytochromeP450 isoforms, thus causing re-establishment of liver biotransformation capacity in LPS-treated mice. Conclusion: Casp displayed anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and hepatoprotective effects. Thus, orally bioavailable frankincense extracts may serve as a new supportive treatment option in acute systemic inflammation and accompanied liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Loeser
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Chair of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Semjon Seemann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie König
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Isabell Lenhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Koeberle
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Cao C, Gao T, Cheng Y, Cheng M, Su T, Xi F, Wu C, Yu W. Hypothalamic AMPK-induced autophagy ameliorates hypercatabolism in septic rats by regulating POMC expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:1089-1096. [PMID: 29496447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypercatabolism plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of post-critical care debility in critical patients. Central nervous system may exerte a critical role in the regulation of hypercatabolism. However, little is known about the exact mechanisms of the central role. Here, we reported that actived hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-induced autophagy modulated the expression of POMC to ameliorate hypercatabolism in septic rats. Firstly, rats were i.c.v. injected with the lentiviral vector containing shRNA against POMC. Two weeks after injections, rats were intraperitoneally injected with LPS or saline. Twenty-four hours later, blood, skeletal muscle and hypothalamus tissues were obtained. Hypercatabolism markers and neuropeptides expression were detected. Then, rats were injected with AICAR or saline into third ventricle and promptly intraperitoneally injected with LPS or saline. Twenty-four hours after infection, blood, skeletal muscle and hypothalamus tissues were obtained. Hypercatabolism, hypothalamic AMPK-induced autophagy markers and neuropeptides expression were also detected. Results showed that sepsis would decrease the level of hypothalamic autophagy accompany with the alterations of POMC expression and hypercatabolism. Knocking out hypothalamus POMC expression could significantly ameliorate hypercatabolism. Moreover, Central activation of AMPK-induced autophagy pathway via third ventricle injection of AICAR, an AMPK activator, could efficiently ameliorate hypercatabolism as well as attenuate the elevated POMC expression rather than other neuropeptides. Taken together, these results suggested that hypothalamic AMPK-autophagy pathway as a regulatory pathway for POMC expression was essential for hypercatabolism during sepsis. And hypothalamic AMPK-autophagy activation could attenuate the POMC expression to ameliorate hypercatabolism. Pharmaceuticals with the ability of activating hypothalamic AMPK-autophagy pathway may be a therapeutic potential for hypercatabolism in septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Cao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Minhua Cheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Fengchan Xi
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Cuili Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Wenkui Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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Feng B, Zhang N, Duan K, Shi B. Hypothalamic POMC expression is required for peripheral insulin action on hepatic gluconeogenesis through regulating STAT3 in sepsis rats. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:1696-1707. [PMID: 29285858 PMCID: PMC5824389 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver injury and dysregulated glucose homoeostasis are common manifestations during sepsis. Although plenty of studies reported insulin could protect against multiple organ injuries caused by critical infections among patients, little was known about the precise mechanism. We investigated whether liver inflammatory pathway and central neuropeptides were involved in the process. In sepsis rats, hepatic IKK/NF‐κB pathway and STAT3 were strongly activated, along with reduced body weight, blood glucose and suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis (GNG). Peripheral insulin administration efficiently attenuated liver dysfunction and glucose metabolic disorders by suppressing hypothalamic anorexigenic neuropeptide proopiomelanocortin (POMC) expression, hepatic NF‐κB pathway and STAT3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, knockdown of hypothalamic POMC significantly diminished protective effect of insulin on hepatic GNG and insulin‐induced STAT3 inactivation, but not inflammation or IKK/NF‐κB pathway. These results suggest that hepatic IKK/NF‐κB pathway mediates the anti‐inflammatory effect of insulin in septic rats, and peripheral insulin treatment may improve hepatic GNG by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation dependent on hypothalamic POMC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaipeng Duan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bimin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Cao C, Gao T, Cheng M, Xi F, Zhao C, Yu W. Mild hypothermia ameliorates muscle wasting in septic rats associated with hypothalamic AMPK-induced autophagy and neuropeptides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:882-8. [PMID: 28647359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, always developing muscle wasting, contributes to serious complications and mortality. Mild hypothermia has been reported to have protective effects on the prognosis of septic patients. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We therefore hypothesized that mild hypothermia could ameliorate muscle wasting during sepsis and whether it was associated with hypothalamus AMPK-induced autophagy and neuropeptides. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg/kg) or saline. Mild hypothermia was instantly induced at 33 °C for 3h after LPS injected. Meanwhile, the control and sepsis groups were simultaneously placed on the thermal mattress to maintain the a normal temperature in control group whatever the changes induced by anesthesia. Twenty-four hours after injection, skeletal muscle and hypothalamus tissues were obtained. Muscle wasting was measured by the mRNA expression of two muscle atrophic genes, muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF-1) and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx), as well as 3-methylhistidine (3-MH) and tyrosine release. Hypothalamic AMPK-induced autophagy markers and neuropeptides expression were also detected. Results showed that LPS administration significantly decreased hypothalamic AMPK-induced autophagy together with muscle wasting. Also, increased hypothalamic neuropeptides, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript (CART) and neuro-peptides Y (NPY) and decreased agouti-related protein (AgRP) were observed. Mild hypothermia significantly increased hypothalamic AMPK-induced autophagy and ameliorated LPS-induced muscle wasting, and attenuated the alteration of neuropeptides, POMC, CART and NPY. In conclusion, mild hypothermia could alleviate muscle wasting by LPS injection, which was associated with reversing the level of hypothalamic AMPK-induced autophagy and the alteration of neuropeptides. These results suggested that mild hypothermia could be a potential treatment concept and a novel mechanism in management of muscle wasting in critically ill patients.
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10
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Hao L, Sheng Z, Potian J, Deak A, Rohowsky-Kochan C, Routh VH. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) blunt the response of Neuropeptide Y/Agouti-related peptide (NPY/AgRP) glucose inhibited (GI) neurons to decreased glucose. Brain Res 2016; 1648:181-192. [PMID: 27473896 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A population of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons which co-express Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) are inhibited at physiological levels of brain glucose and activated when glucose levels decline (e.g. glucose-inhibited or GI neurons). Fasting enhances the activation of NPY/AgRP-GI neurons by low glucose. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhibits the enhanced activation of NPY/AgRP-GI neurons by low glucose following a fast. Mice which express green fluorescent protein (GFP) on their NPY promoter were used to identify NPY/AgRP neurons. Fasting for 24h and LPS injection decreased blood glucose levels. As we have found previously, fasting increased c-fos expression in NPY/AgRP neurons and increased the activation of NPY/AgRP-GI neurons by decreased glucose. As we predicted, LPS blunted these effects of fasting at the 24h time point. Moreover, the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) blocked the activation of NPY/AgRP-GI neurons by decreased glucose. These data suggest that LPS and TNFα may alter glucose and energy homeostasis, in part, due to changes in the glucose sensitivity of NPY/AgRP neurons. Interestingly, our findings also suggest that NPY/AgRP-GI neurons use a distinct mechanism to sense changes in extracellular glucose as compared to our previous studies of GI neurons in the adjacent ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA; Graduate School of the Biomedical Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Zhenyu Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph Potian
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Adam Deak
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Christine Rohowsky-Kochan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Vanessa H Routh
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Cancer and its morbidities, such as cancer cachexia, constitute a major public health problem. Although cancer cachexia has afflicted humanity for centuries, its underlying multifactorial and complex physiopathology has hindered the understanding of its mechanism. During the last few decades we have witnessed a dramatic increase in the understanding of cancer cachexia pathophysiology. Anorexia and muscle and adipose tissue wasting are the main features of cancer cachexia. These apparently independent symptoms have humoral factors secreted by the tumor as a common cause. Importantly, the hypothalamus has emerged as an organ that senses the peripheral signals emanating from the tumoral environment, and not only elicits anorexia but also contributes to the development of muscle and adipose tissue loss. Herein, we review the roles of factors secreted by the tumor and its effects on the hypothalamus, muscle and adipose tissue, as well as highlighting the key targets that are being exploited for cancer cachexia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina S Mendes
- Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), MA: 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo D Pimentel
- Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), MA: 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe O Costa
- Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), MA: 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José B C Carvalheira
- Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), MA: 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Mulchandani N, Yang WL, Khan MM, Zhang F, Marambaud P, Nicastro J, Coppa GF, Wang P. Stimulation of Brain AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Attenuates Inflammation and Acute Lung Injury in Sepsis. Mol Med 2015; 21:637-44. [PMID: 26252187 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are enormous public health problems with astronomical financial repercussions on health systems worldwide. The central nervous system (CNS) is closely intertwined in the septic process but the underlying mechanism is still obscure. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a ubiquitous energy sensor enzyme and plays a key role in regulation of energy homeostasis and cell survival. In this study, we hypothesized that activation of AMPK in the brain would attenuate inflammatory responses in sepsis, particularly in the lungs. Adult C57BL/6 male mice were treated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR, 20 ng), an AMPK activator, or vehicle (normal saline) by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection, followed by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) at 30 min post-ICV. The septic mice treated with AICAR exhibited elevated phosphorylation of AMPKα in the brain along with reduced serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), compared with the vehicle. Similarly, the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, keratinocyte-derived chemokine and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 as well as myeloperoxidase activity in the lungs of AICAR-treated mice were significantly reduced. Moreover, histological findings in the lungs showed improvement of morphologic features and reduction of apoptosis with AICAR treatment. We further found that the beneficial effects of AICAR on septic mice were diminished in AMPKα2 deficient mice, showing that AMPK mediates these effects. In conclusion, our findings reveal a new functional role of activating AMPK in the CNS to attenuate inflammatory responses and acute lung injury in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Mulchandani
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America.,Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Fangming Zhang
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Philippe Marambaud
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Nicastro
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Gene F Coppa
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America.,Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
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