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Valenza M, Birolini G, Cattaneo E. The translational potential of cholesterol-based therapies for neurological disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:583-598. [PMID: 37644213 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an important metabolite and membrane component and is enriched in the brain owing to its role in neuronal maturation and function. In the adult brain, cholesterol is produced locally, predominantly by astrocytes. When cholesterol has been used, recycled and catabolized, the derivatives are excreted across the blood-brain barrier. Abnormalities in any of these steps can lead to neurological dysfunction. Here, we examine how precise interactions between cholesterol production and its use and catabolism in neurons ensures cholesterol homeostasis to support brain function. As an example of a neurological disease associated with cholesterol dyshomeostasis, we summarize evidence from animal models of Huntington disease (HD), which demonstrate a marked reduction in cholesterol biosynthesis with clinically relevant consequences for synaptic activity and cognition. In addition, we examine the relationship between cholesterol loss in the brain and cognitive decline in ageing. We then present emerging therapeutic strategies to restore cholesterol homeostasis, focusing on evidence from HD mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Valenza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Birolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy.
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2
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Li Z, Li JN, Li Q, Liu C, Zhou LH, Zhang Q, Xu Y. Cholesterol efflux regulator ABCA1 exerts protective role against high shear stress-induced injury of HBMECs via regulating PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:61. [PMCID: PMC9636808 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In brain, microvascular endothelial cells are exposed to various forces, including shear stress (SS). However, little is known about the effects of high shear stress (HSS) on human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) and the underlying mechanism. The cholesterol efflux regulator ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) has been demonstrated to exert protective effect on HBMECs. However, whether ABCA1 is involved in the mechanism underneath the effect of HSS on HBMECs remains obscure. In the present study, a series of experiments were performed to better understand the effect of HSS on cellular processes of HBMECs and the possible involvement of ABCA1 and PI3K/Akt/eNOS in the underlying mechanisms. Results HBMECs were subjected to physiological SS (PSS) or high SS (HSS). Cell migration was evaluated using Transwell assay. Apoptotic HBMECs were detected by flow cytometry or caspase3/7 activity. IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α levels were measured by ELISA. RT-qPCR and western blotting were used for mRNA and protein expression detection, respectively. ROS and NO levels were detected using specific detection kits. Compared to PSS, HBMECs exhibited decreased cell viability and migration and increased cell apoptosis, increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, and improved ROS and NO productions after HSS treatment. Moreover, HSS downregulated ABCA1 but upregulated the cholesterol efflux-related proteins MMP9, AQP4, and CYP46 and activated PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. Overexpression of ABCA1 in HBMECS inhibited PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway and counteracted the deleterious effects of HSS. Contrary effects were observed by ABCA1 silencing. Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway mimicked ABCA1 effects, suggesting that ABCA1 protects HBMECs from HSS via PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling. Conclusion These results advanced our understanding on the mechanisms of HSS on HBMECs and potentiated ABCA1/PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway as therapeutic target for cerebrovascular diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12868-022-00748-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Present Address: Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Rd, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Jia-Nan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province China
| | - Qiang Li
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Present Address: Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Rd, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Chun Liu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Present Address: Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Blue Cross Brain Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, No. 2880 Qixin Road, Shanghai, 201101 China
| | - Lin-Hua Zhou
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Present Address: Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Blue Cross Brain Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, No. 2880 Qixin Road, Shanghai, 201101 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Present Address: Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Blue Cross Brain Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, No. 2880 Qixin Road, Shanghai, 201101 China
| | - Yi Xu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Present Address: Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Rd, Shanghai, 200433 China
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3
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Martín MG, Dotti CG. Plasma membrane and brain dysfunction of the old: Do we age from our membranes? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1031007. [PMID: 36274849 PMCID: PMC9582647 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1031007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the characteristics of aging is a gradual hypo-responsiveness of cells to extrinsic stimuli, mainly evident in the pathways that are under hormone control, both in the brain and in peripheral tissues. Age-related resistance, i.e., reduced response of receptors to their ligands, has been shown to Insulin and also to leptin, thyroid hormones and glucocorticoids. In addition, lower activity has been reported in aging for ß-adrenergic receptors, adenosine A2B receptor, and several other G-protein-coupled receptors. One of the mechanisms proposed to explain the loss of sensitivity to hormones and neurotransmitters with age is the loss of receptors, which has been observed in several tissues. Another mechanism that is finding more and more experimental support is related to the changes that occur with age in the lipid composition of the neuronal plasma membrane, which are responsible for changes in the receptors’ coupling efficiency to ligands, signal attenuation and pathway desensitization. In fact, recent works have shown that altered membrane composition—as occurs during neuronal aging—underlies reduced response to glutamate, to the neurotrophin BDNF, and to insulin, all these leading to cognition decay and epigenetic alterations in the old. In this review we present evidence that altered functions of membrane receptors due to altered plasma membrane properties may be a triggering factor in physiological decline, decreased brain function, and increased vulnerability to neuropathology in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio G. Martín
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Department, Instituto Ferreyra (INIMEC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Mauricio G. Martín, ; Carlos G. Dotti,
| | - Carlos G. Dotti
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Mauricio G. Martín, ; Carlos G. Dotti,
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4
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Rudajev V, Novotny J. Cholesterol as a key player in amyloid β-mediated toxicity in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:937056. [PMID: 36090253 PMCID: PMC9453481 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.937056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is one of the most devastating and widespread diseases worldwide, mainly affecting the aging population. One of the key factors contributing to AD-related neurotoxicity is the production and aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ). Many studies have shown the ability of Aβ to bind to the cell membrane and disrupt its structure, leading to cell death. Because amyloid damage affects different parts of the brain differently, it seems likely that not only Aβ but also the nature of the membrane interface with which the amyloid interacts, helps determine the final neurotoxic effect. Because cholesterol is the dominant component of the plasma membrane, it plays an important role in Aβ-induced toxicity. Elevated cholesterol levels and their regulation by statins have been shown to be important factors influencing the progression of neurodegeneration. However, data from many studies have shown that cholesterol has both neuroprotective and aggravating effects in relation to the development of AD. In this review, we attempt to summarize recent findings on the role of cholesterol in Aβ toxicity mediated by membrane binding in the pathogenesis of AD and to consider it in the broader context of the lipid composition of cell membranes.
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Kacher R, Mounier C, Caboche J, Betuing S. Altered Cholesterol Homeostasis in Huntington’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:797220. [PMID: 35517051 PMCID: PMC9063567 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.797220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by an expansion of the CAG repeat in the first exon of Huntingtin’s gene. The associated neurodegeneration mainly affects the striatum and the cortex at early stages and progressively spreads to other brain structures. Targeting HD at its earlier stages is under intense investigation. Numerous drugs were tested, with a rate of success of only 3.5% approved molecules used as symptomatic treatment. The restoration of cholesterol metabolism, which is central to the brain homeostasis and strongly altered in HD, could be an interesting disease-modifying strategy. Cholesterol is an essential membrane component in the central nervous system (CNS); alterations of its homeostasis have deleterious consequences on neuronal functions. The levels of several sterols, upstream of cholesterol, are markedly decreased within the striatum of HD mouse model. Transcription of cholesterol biosynthetic genes is reduced in HD cell and mouse models as well as post-mortem striatal and cortical tissues from HD patients. Since the dynamic of brain cholesterol metabolism is complex, it is essential to establish the best method to target it in HD. Cholesterol, which does not cross the blood-brain-barrier, is locally synthesized and renewed within the brain. All cell types in the CNS synthesize cholesterol during development but as they progress through adulthood, neurons down-regulate their cholesterol synthesis and turn to astrocytes for their full supply. Cellular levels of cholesterol reflect the dynamic balance between synthesis, uptake and export, all integrated into the context of the cross talk between neurons and glial cells. In this review, we describe the latest advances regarding the role of cholesterol deregulation in neuronal functions and how this could be a determinant factor in neuronal degeneration and HD progression. The pathways and major mechanisms by which cholesterol and sterols are regulated in the CNS will be described. From this overview, we discuss the main clinical strategies for manipulating cholesterol metabolism in the CNS, and how to reinstate a proper balance in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhia Kacher
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Coline Mounier
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Paris, France
- U1130, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Jocelyne Caboche
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Paris, France
- U1130, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Betuing
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Paris, France
- U1130, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Sandrine Betuing,
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Guix FX, Capitán AM, Casadomé-Perales Á, Palomares-Pérez I, López Del Castillo I, Miguel V, Goedeke L, Martín MG, Lamas S, Peinado H, Fernández-Hernando C, Dotti CG. Increased exosome secretion in neurons aging in vitro by NPC1-mediated endosomal cholesterol buildup. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/8/e202101055. [PMID: 34183444 PMCID: PMC8321659 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study unveils the molecular mechanism through which neurons in vitro compensate age-associated proteostasis defects by increasing exosome release. As neurons age, they show a decrease in their ability to degrade proteins and membranes. Because undegraded material is a source of toxic products, defects in degradation are associated with reduced cell function and survival. However, there are very few dead neurons in the aging brain, suggesting the action of compensatory mechanisms. We show in this work that ageing neurons in culture show large multivesicular bodies (MVBs) filled with intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) and secrete more small extracellular vesicles than younger neurons. We also show that the high number of ILVs is the consequence of the accumulation of cholesterol in MVBs, which in turn is due to decreased levels of the cholesterol extruding protein NPC1. NPC1 down-regulation is the consequence of a combination of upregulation of the NPC1 repressor microRNA 33, and increased degradation, due to Akt-mTOR targeting of NPC1 to the phagosome. Although releasing more exosomes can be beneficial to old neurons, other cells, neighbouring and distant, can be negatively affected by the waste material they contain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc X Guix
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Marrero Capitán
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Casadomé-Perales
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Palomares-Pérez
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés López Del Castillo
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Miguel
- Molecular Pathophysiology of Fibrosis, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leigh Goedeke
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Integrative Cell Signalling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mauricio G Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Molecular Pathophysiology of Fibrosis, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Peinado
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Integrative Cell Signalling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlos G Dotti
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
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7
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Hernaiz-Llorens M, Martínez-Mármol R, Roselló-Busquets C, Soriano E. One Raft to Guide Them All, and in Axon Regeneration Inhibit Them. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5009. [PMID: 34066896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system damage caused by traumatic injuries, iatrogenicity due to surgical interventions, stroke and neurodegenerative diseases is one of the most prevalent reasons for physical disability worldwide. During development, axons must elongate from the neuronal cell body to contact their precise target cell and establish functional connections. However, the capacity of the adult nervous system to restore its functionality after injury is limited. Given the inefficacy of the nervous system to heal and regenerate after damage, new therapies are under investigation to enhance axonal regeneration. Axon guidance cues and receptors, as well as the molecular machinery activated after nervous system damage, are organized into lipid raft microdomains, a term typically used to describe nanoscale membrane domains enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipids that act as signaling platforms for certain transmembrane proteins. Here, we systematically review the most recent findings that link the stability of lipid rafts and their composition with the capacity of axons to regenerate and rebuild functional neural circuits after damage.
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8
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Burrinha T, Martinsson I, Gomes R, Terrasso AP, Gouras GK, Almeida CG. Up-regulation of APP endocytosis by neuronal aging drives amyloid dependent-synapse loss. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:240244. [PMID: 33910234 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal aging increases the risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. During normal aging, synapses decline, and β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulates intraneuronally. However, little is known about the underlying cell biological mechanisms. We studied normal neuronal aging using normal aged brain and aged mouse primary neurons that accumulate lysosomal lipofuscin and show synapse loss. We identify the up-regulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) endocytosis as a neuronal aging mechanism that potentiates APP processing and Aβ production in vitro and in vivo. The increased APP endocytosis may contribute to the observed early endosomes enlargement in the aged brain. Mechanistically, we show that clathrin-dependent APP endocytosis requires F-actin and that clathrin and endocytic F-actin increase with neuronal aging. Finally, Aβ production inhibition reverts synaptic decline in aged neurons while Aβ accumulation, promoted by endocytosis up-regulation in younger neurons, recapitulates aging-related synapse decline. Overall, we identify APP endocytosis up-regulation as a potential mechanism of neuronal aging and, thus, a novel target to prevent late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Burrinha
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa,Portugal
| | - Isak Martinsson
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ricardo Gomes
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa,Portugal.,iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Terrasso
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa,Portugal.,iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Gunnar K Gouras
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cláudia Guimas Almeida
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa,Portugal
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Chen Y, Li HY, Zeng F, Chen L, Zhou FY, Peng ZY, Yang H, Zhou HD, Wang YJ, Li L. LincRNA Plays a Role in the Effect of CYP46A1 Polymorphism in Alzheimer's Disease - Related Pathology. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 11:381. [PMID: 32038226 PMCID: PMC6985081 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphism of the cholesterol-24S-hydroxylase (CYP46A1) gene is thought to be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A single nucleotide polymorphism (T/C) in intron 2, rs754203, has been confirmed to be implicated in AD. Rs754203 is located in the long intronic non-coding RNA (LincRNA) sequence, which has previously been shown to be involved in the pathology of many diseases. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the role of LincRNA in the CYP46A1 gene expression and related AD pathology. SH-SY5Y cells with overexpressed TT or CC genotype CYP46A1 were used. Through RT-PCR, Western blot and ELISA assays, we found that LincRNA can affect the CYP46A1 gene expression and the production of 24-OHC and Aβ. Overexpression of LincRNA can significantly inhibit CYP46A1 expression and 24-OHC production, as well as increasing the Aβ expression level. Silencing of LincRNA confirmed the role that it plays in the regulation of CYP46A1, as well as the production of 24-OHC and Aβ. In addition, this effect was stronger in the A type LincRNA than in the G type LincRNA. Results from dual luciferase assays show that LincRNA inhibited the activity of the CYP46A1 gene promoter. This study indicates a possible novel role of LincRNA and provides a new way to look into the relationship between CYP46A1 polymorphism and AD pathology. This may identify a novel pathway through which to explore AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui-Yun Li
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Le Chen
- Postgraduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Fa-Ying Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ze-Yan Peng
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai Yang
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua-Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Martín-Segura A, Casadomé-Perales Á, Fazzari P, Mas JM, Artigas L, Valls R, Nebreda AR, Dotti CG. Aging Increases Hippocampal DUSP2 by a Membrane Cholesterol Loss-Mediated RTK/p38MAPK Activation Mechanism. Front Neurol 2019; 10:675. [PMID: 31293510 PMCID: PMC6603139 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies suggest that the increased activity of p38MAPK plays an important role in the abnormal immune and inflammatory response observed in the course of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. On the other hand, high levels of p38MAPK are present in the brain during normal aging, suggesting the existence of mechanisms that keep the p38MAPK-regulated pro-inflammatory activity within physiological limits. In this study, we show that high p38MAPK activity in the hippocampus of old mice is in part due to the reduction in membrane cholesterol that constitutively occurs in the aging brain. Mechanistically, membrane cholesterol reduction increases p38MAPK activity through the stimulation of a subset of tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs). In turn, activated p38MAPK increases the expression and activity of the phosphatase DUSP2, which is known to reduce the activity of different MAPKs, including p38MAPK. These results suggest that the loss of membrane cholesterol that constitutively occurs with age takes part in a negative-feedback loop that keeps p38MAPK activity levels within physiological range. Thus, conditions that increase p38MAPK activity such as cellular stressors or that inhibit DUSP2 will amplify inflammatory activity with its consequent deleterious functional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Martín-Segura
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Álvaro Casadomé-Perales
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pietro Fazzari
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos G Dotti
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Boussicault L, Kacher R, Lamazière A, Vanhoutte P, Caboche J, Betuing S, Potier MC. CYP46A1 protects against NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity in Huntington's disease: Analysis of lipid raft content. Biochimie 2018; 153:70-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Li L, Zeng F, Liu YH, Li HY, Dong SY, Peng ZY, Wang YJ, Zhou HD. CYP46A1 and the APOEε4 Allele Polymorphisms Correlate with the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Canale C, Oropesa-Nuñez R, Diaspro A, Dante S. Amyloid and membrane complexity: The toxic interplay revealed by AFM. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 73:82-94. [PMID: 28860102 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid membranes play a fundamental role in the pathological development of protein misfolding diseases. Several pieces of evidence suggest that the lipid membrane could act as a catalytic surface for protein aggregation. Furthermore, a leading theory indicates the interaction between the cell membrane and misfolded oligomer species as the responsible for cytotoxicity, hence, for neurodegeneration in disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The definition of the mechanisms that drive the interaction between pathological protein aggregates and plasma membrane is fundamental for the development of effective therapies for a large class of diseases. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been employed to study how amyloid aggregates affect the cell physiological properties. Considerable efforts were spent to characterize the interaction with model systems, i.e., planar supported lipid bilayers, but some works also addressed the problem directly on living cells. Here, an overview of the main works involving the use of the AFM on both model system and living cells will be provided. Different kind of approaches will be presented, as well as the main results derived from the AFM analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Canale
- Department of Nanophysics. Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia. Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy.
| | - Reinier Oropesa-Nuñez
- Department of Nanophysics. Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia. Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; DIBRIS Department, University of Genova, viale Causa 13, 16145, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Department of Nanophysics. Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia. Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Dante
- Department of Nanophysics. Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia. Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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Moutinho M, Nunes MJ, Rodrigues E. Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase: Brain cholesterol metabolism and beyond. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1911-1920. [PMID: 27663182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctions in brain cholesterol homeostasis have been extensively related to brain disorders. The major elimination pathway of brain cholesterol is its hydroxylation into 24 (S)-hydroxycholesterol by the cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46A1). Interestingly, there seems to be an association between CYP46A1 and high-order brain functions, in a sense that increased expression of this hydroxylase improves cognition, while a reduction leads to a poor cognitive performance. Moreover, increasing amount of epidemiological, biochemical and molecular evidence, suggests that CYP46A1 has a role in the pathogenesis or progression of neurodegenerative disorders, in which up-regulation of this enzyme is clearly beneficial. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are poorly understood, which highlights the importance of studies that further explore the role of CYP46A1 in the central nervous system. In this review we summarize the major findings regarding CYP46A1, and highlight the several recently described pathways modulated by this enzyme from a physiological and pathological perspective, which might account for novel therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Moutinho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria João Nunes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elsa Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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15
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Pérez-Cañamás A, Sarroca S, Melero-Jerez C, Porquet D, Sansa J, Knafo S, Esteban JA, Sanfeliu C, Ledesma MD. A diet enriched with plant sterols prevents the memory impairment induced by cholesterol loss in senescence-accelerated mice. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 48:1-12. [PMID: 27622776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol reduction at the neuronal plasma membrane has been related to age-dependent cognitive decline. We have used senescent-accelerated mice strain 8 (SAMP8), an animal model for aging, to examine the association between cholesterol loss and cognitive impairment and to test strategies to revert this process. We show that the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice presents reduced cholesterol levels and enhanced amount of its degrading enzyme Cyp46A1 (Cyp46) already at 6 months of age. Cholesterol loss accounts for the impaired long-term potentiation in these mice. Plant sterol (PSE)-enriched diet prevents long-term potentiation impairment and cognitive deficits in SAMP8 mice without altering cholesterol levels. PSE diet also reduces the abnormally high amyloid peptide levels in SAMP8 mice brains and restores membrane compartmentalization of presenilin1, the catalytic component of the amyloidogenic γ-secretase. These results highlight the influence of cholesterol loss in age-related cognitive decline and provide with a noninvasive strategy to counteract it. Our results suggest that PSE overtake cholesterol functions in the brain contributing to reduce deleterious consequences of cholesterol loss during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Sarroca
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - David Porquet
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Sansa
- Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shira Knafo
- Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Biofísica CSIC-UPV/EHU, Campus Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain; IkerBasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Jose A Esteban
- Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Ungureanu AA, Benilova I, Krylychkina O, Braeken D, De Strooper B, Van Haesendonck C, Dotti CG, Bartic C. Amyloid beta oligomers induce neuronal elasticity changes in age-dependent manner: a force spectroscopy study on living hippocampal neurons. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25841. [PMID: 27173984 PMCID: PMC4865860 DOI: 10.1038/srep25841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Small soluble species of amyloid-beta (Aβ) formed during early peptide aggregation stages are responsible for several neurotoxic mechanisms relevant to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), although their interaction with the neuronal membrane is not completely understood. This study quantifies the changes in the neuronal membrane elasticity induced by treatment with the two most common Aβ isoforms found in AD brains: Aβ40 and Aβ42. Using quantitative atomic force microscopy (AFM), we measured for the first time the static elastic modulus of living primary hippocampal neurons treated with pre-aggregated Aβ40 and Aβ42 soluble species. Our AFM results demonstrate changes in the elasticity of young, mature and aged neurons treated for a short time with the two Aβ species pre-aggregated for 2 hours. Neurons aging under stress conditions, showing aging hallmarks, are the most susceptible to amyloid binding and show the largest decrease in membrane stiffness upon Aβ treatment. Membrane stiffness defines the way in which cells respond to mechanical forces in their environment and has been shown to be important for processes such as gene expression, ion-channel gating and neurotransmitter vesicle transport. Thus, one can expect that changes in neuronal membrane elasticity might directly induce functional changes related to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Alexandra Ungureanu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.,imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iryna Benilova
- VIB Center for the Biology of Diseases, ON 4 Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for the Biology of Diseases, ON 4 Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Haesendonck
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlos G Dotti
- VIB Center for the Biology of Diseases, ON 4 Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.,CSIC, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Bartic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.,imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Brachet A, Norwood S, Brouwers JF, Palomer E, Helms JB, Dotti CG, Esteban JA. LTP-triggered cholesterol redistribution activates Cdc42 and drives AMPA receptor synaptic delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 208:791-806. [PMID: 25753037 PMCID: PMC4362467 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201407122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol acts as a sensor of NMDA receptor activation and as a trigger of downstream signaling by engaging small GTPase activation and AMPA receptor synaptic delivery during long-term potentiation. Neurotransmitter receptor trafficking during synaptic plasticity requires the concerted action of multiple signaling pathways and the protein transport machinery. However, little is known about the contribution of lipid metabolism during these processes. In this paper, we addressed the question of the role of cholesterol in synaptic changes during long-term potentiation (LTP). We found that N-methyl-d-aspartate–type glutamate receptor (NMDAR) activation during LTP induction leads to a rapid and sustained loss or redistribution of intracellular cholesterol in the neuron. A reduction in cholesterol, in turn, leads to the activation of Cdc42 and the mobilization of GluA1-containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid–type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) from Rab11-recycling endosomes into the synaptic membrane, leading to synaptic potentiation. This process is accompanied by an increase of NMDAR function and an enhancement of LTP. These results imply that cholesterol acts as a sensor of NMDAR activation and as a trigger of downstream signaling to engage small GTPase (guanosine triphosphatase) activation and AMPAR synaptic delivery during LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brachet
- Departamento de Neurobiología, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephanie Norwood
- Departamento de Neurobiología, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jos F Brouwers
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ernest Palomer
- Departamento de Neurobiología, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Bernd Helms
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Carlos G Dotti
- Departamento de Neurobiología, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Esteban
- Departamento de Neurobiología, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Martin MG, Ahmed T, Korovaichuk A, Venero C, Menchón SA, Salas I, Munck S, Herreras O, Balschun D, Dotti CG. Constitutive hippocampal cholesterol loss underlies poor cognition in old rodents. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 6:902-17. [PMID: 24878762 PMCID: PMC4119354 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201303711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is one of the many characteristics of aging. Reduced long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are thought to be responsible for this decline, although the precise mechanisms underlying LTP and LTD dampening in the old remain unclear. We previously showed that aging is accompanied by the loss of cholesterol from the hippocampus, which leads to PI3K/Akt phosphorylation. Given that Akt de-phosphorylation is required for glutamate receptor internalization and LTD, we hypothesized that the decrease in cholesterol in neuronal membranes may contribute to the deficits in LTD typical of aging. Here, we show that cholesterol loss triggers p-Akt accumulation, which in turn perturbs the normal cellular and molecular responses induced by LTD, such as impaired AMPA receptor internalization and its reduced lateral diffusion. Electrophysiology recordings in brain slices of old mice and in anesthetized elderly rats demonstrate that the reduced hippocampal LTD associated with age can be rescued by cholesterol perfusion. Accordingly, cholesterol replenishment in aging animals improves hippocampal-dependent learning and memory in the water maze test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio G Martin
- Centro Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tariq Ahmed
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alejandra Korovaichuk
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal - CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cesar Venero
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia A Menchón
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium IFEG-CONICET and FaMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Isabel Salas
- Centro Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian Munck
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oscar Herreras
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal - CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Detlef Balschun
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlos G Dotti
- Centro Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Calvo M, Sanz-Blasco S, Caballero E, Villalobos C, Núñez L. Susceptibility to excitotoxicity in aged hippocampal cultures and neuroprotection by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: role of mitochondrial calcium. J Neurochem 2015; 132:403-17. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Calvo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
| | - Sara Sanz-Blasco
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
| | - Erica Caballero
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
| | - Carlos Villalobos
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
| | - Lucía Núñez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología; Universidad de Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
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20
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Abstract
Cholesterol is essential for neuronal physiology, both during development and in the adult life: as a major component of cell membranes and precursor of steroid hormones, it contributes to the regulation of ion permeability, cell shape, cell-cell interaction, and transmembrane signaling. Consistently, hereditary diseases with mutations in cholesterol-related genes result in impaired brain function during early life. In addition, defects in brain cholesterol metabolism may contribute to neurological syndromes, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), and even to the cognitive deficits typical of the old age. In these cases, brain cholesterol defects may be secondary to disease-causing elements and contribute to the functional deficits by altering synaptic functions. In the first part of this review, we will describe hereditary and non-hereditary causes of cholesterol dyshomeostasis and the relationship to brain diseases. In the second part, we will focus on the mechanisms by which perturbation of cholesterol metabolism can affect synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio G Martín
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Frank Pfrieger
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Carlos G Dotti
- Centro Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Agostini F, Dotti CG, Pérez-Cañamás A, Ledesma MD, Benetti F, Legname G. Prion protein accumulation in lipid rafts of mouse aging brain. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74244. [PMID: 24040215 PMCID: PMC3769255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular form of the prion protein (PrPC) is a normal constituent of neuronal cell membranes. The protein misfolding causes rare neurodegenerative disorders known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases. These maladies can be sporadic, genetic or infectious. Sporadic prion diseases are the most common form mainly affecting aging people. In this work, we investigate the biochemical environment in which sporadic prion diseases may develop, focusing our attention on the cell membrane of neurons in the aging brain. It is well established that with aging the ratio between the most abundant lipid components of rafts undergoes a major change: while cholesterol decreases, sphingomyelin content rises. Our results indicate that the aging process modifies the compartmentalization of PrPC. In old mice, this change favors PrPC accumulation in detergent-resistant membranes, particularly in hippocampi. To confirm the relationship between lipid content changes and PrPC translocation into detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs), we looked at PrPC compartmentalization in hippocampi from acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) knockout (KO) mice and synaptosomes enriched in sphingomyelin. In the presence of high sphingomyelin content, we observed a significant increase of PrPC in DRMS. This process is not due to higher levels of total protein and it could, in turn, favor the onset of sporadic prion diseases during aging as it increases the PrP intermolecular contacts into lipid rafts. We observed that lowering sphingomyelin in scrapie-infected cells by using fumonisin B1 led to a 50% decrease in protease-resistant PrP formation. This may suggest an involvement of PrP lipid environment in prion formation and consequently it may play a role in the onset or development of sporadic forms of prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Agostini
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, K.U., Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlos G. Dotti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, K.U., Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, K.U., Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Federico Benetti
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Legname
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- Italian Institute of Technology, Trieste, Italy
- ELETTRA Laboratory, Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Naia L, Ribeiro MJ, Rego AC. Mitochondrial and metabolic-based protective strategies in Huntington's disease: the case of creatine and coenzyme Q. Rev Neurosci 2011; 23:13-28. [PMID: 22150069 DOI: 10.1515/rns.2011.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder caused by an expansion of CAG repeats in the HD gene encoding for huntingtin (Htt), resulting in progressive death of striatal neurons, with clinical symptoms of chorea, dementia and dramatic weight loss. Metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by the expanded polyglutamine sequence have been described along with other mechanisms of neurodegeneration previously described in human tissues and animal models of HD. In this review, we focus on mitochondrial and metabolic disturbances affecting both the central nervous system and peripheral cells, including mitochondrial DNA damage, mitochondrial complexes defects, loss of calcium homeostasis and transcriptional deregulation. Glucose abnormalities have also been described in peripheral tissues of HD patients and in HD animal and cellular models. Moreover, there are no effective neuroprotective treatments available in HD. Thus, we briefly discuss the role of creatine and coenzyme Q10 that target mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired bioenergetics and have been previously used in HD clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Naia
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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23
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Sodero AO, Trovò L, Iannilli F, Van Veldhoven P, Dotti CG, Martin MG. Regulation of tyrosine kinase B activity by the Cyp46/cholesterol loss pathway in mature hippocampal neurons: relevance for neuronal survival under stress and in aging. J Neurochem 2011; 116:747-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Luthi-Carter R, Taylor DM, Pallos J, Lambert E, Amore A, Parker A, Moffitt H, Smith DL, Runne H, Gokce O, Kuhn A, Xiang Z, Maxwell MM, Reeves SA, Bates GP, Neri C, Thompson LM, Marsh JL, Kazantsev AG. SIRT2 inhibition achieves neuroprotection by decreasing sterol biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:7927-32. [PMID: 20378838 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1002924107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD), an incurable neurodegenerative disorder, has a complex pathogenesis including protein aggregation and the dysregulation of neuronal transcription and metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) achieves neuroprotection in cellular and invertebrate models of HD. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of SIRT2 in a striatal neuron model of HD resulted in gene expression changes including significant down-regulation of RNAs responsible for sterol biosynthesis. Whereas mutant huntingtin fragments increased sterols in neuronal cells, SIRT2 inhibition reduced sterol levels via decreased nuclear trafficking of SREBP-2. Importantly, manipulation of sterol biosynthesis at the transcriptional level mimicked SIRT2 inhibition, demonstrating that the metabolic effects of SIRT2 inhibition are sufficient to diminish mutant huntingtin toxicity. These data identify SIRT2 inhibition as a promising avenue for HD therapy and elucidate a unique mechanism of SIRT2-inhibitor-mediated neuroprotection. Furthermore, the ascertainment of SIRT2's role in regulating cellular metabolism demonstrates a central function shared with other sirtuin proteins.
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Iannilli F, Sodero AO, Ledesma MD, Dotti CG. Oxidative stress activates the pro-survival TrkA pathway through membrane cholesterol loss. Neurobiol Aging 2009; 32:1033-42. [PMID: 19679377 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal activity is a highly demanding energetic process, resulting in the gradual accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite comparatively weak anti-oxidant defence systems, neurons outlive the pressure of ROS by activating most robust anti-stress mechanisms. We recently showed that one such mechanism is the activation of the TrkB receptor pathway, in turn determined by the loss of membrane cholesterol. It is not known however what causes the loss of membrane cholesterol. We here show that in differentiated PC12 cells induction of ROS is paralleled by a moderate loss of membrane cholesterol and the activation of the pro-survival TrkA receptor. Pharmacological reduction of cholesterol in non-stressed cells triggers TrkA activation while cholesterol replenishment inhibits receptor activation induced by stress. Moreover, addition of a ROS inhibitor prevented cholesterol loss and receptor activation under stress. These results highlight cholesterol loss as a compensatory protective mechanism against acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Iannilli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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