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Singh AK, Malviya R, Prakash A, Verma S. Neuropsychiatric Manifestations in Alzheimer's Disease Patients: Genetics and Treatment Options. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2024; 23:39-54. [PMID: 36856177 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230301111216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), which cause great misery to those with dementia and those who care for them and may lead to early institutionalization. OBJECTIVE The present systematic review aims to discuss the various aspects of Alzheimer's, including treatment options. METHODS The databases Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched to collect data. RESULTS Incipient cognitive deterioration is commonly accompanied by these early warning signals of neurocognitive diseases. The neurobiology of NPSs in Alzheimer's disease, as well as particular symptoms, including psychosis, agitation, apathy, sadness, and sleep disorders, will be examined in this review. For NPSs in Alzheimer's disease, clinical trial designs, as well as regulatory issues, were also addressed. A fresh wave of research, however, is helping to push the discipline ahead. For medication development and repurposing, we highlight the most recent results in genetics, neuroimaging, and neurobiology. Even though identifying and treating psychosis in adults with dementia is still a challenging endeavor, new options are coming up that give the field fresh focus and hope. Conclsuion: It can be concluded from the complete literature survey that Alzheimer's-related psychosis as well as other symptoms that are not psychotic, have made significant progress in the last decade. These milestones in the development of safer, more effective treatments have been achieved as a consequence of great focus on non-pharmacological interventions like DICE or WHELD; the investigation into ways to improve existing drugs like aripiprazole, risperidone, amisulpride, and Escitalopram for safer precision-based treatment; and the development of a clinical trial program for pimavanserin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Prakash
- Reference Standard Division, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Sec-23, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Wu Z, Ye L, Yuan N, Che Ajuyo NM, Xiao Z, Liu L, Chen Z, Pei Y, Min Y, Wang D. A Molecular Integrative Study on the Inhibitory Effects of WRR and ERW on Amyloid β Peptide (1-42) Polymerization and Cell Toxicity. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4356. [PMID: 38006082 PMCID: PMC10674201 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the main pathological characteristic of AD is the deposition of Aβ42 in the brain. Inhibition of Aβ42 polymerization is one of the important research directions. Due to the pathological complexity of Alzheimer's disease, studies on Aβ42 polymerization inhibitors have not made significant progress worldwide. Using an independently constructed structure database of oligopeptides, in this study, molecular docking, umbrella sampling analysis of free energy, ThT fluorescence detection of Aβ42 polymerization, transmission electron microscopy, and flow cytometry detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis were performed to screen tripeptides and pentapeptides that inhibit polymerization. It was found that two tripeptides, i.e., WRR and ERW, bind stably to the core of Aβ42 polymerization in the molecular dynamics analysis, and they significantly inhibited the aggregation of Aβ42 and reduced their cell toxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lianmeng Ye
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Nan Yuan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Nuela Manka’a Che Ajuyo
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhengpan Xiao
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Liangwang Liu
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zuqian Chen
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yechun Pei
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- One Health Cooperative Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yi Min
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- One Health Cooperative Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of the Ministry of Education of China, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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3
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Abstract
The number of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and non-Alzheimer’s disease (non-AD) has drastically increased over recent decades. The amyloid cascade hypothesis attributes a vital role to amyloid-β protein (Aβ) in the pathogenesis of AD. As the main pathological hallmark of AD, amyloid plaques consist of merely the 42 and 40 amino acid variants of Aβ (Aβ 42 and Aβ 40). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker Aβ 42/40 has been extensively investigated and eventually integrated into important diagnostic tools to support the clinical diagnosis of AD. With the development of highly sensitive assays and technologies, blood-based Aβ 42/40, which was obtained using a minimally invasive and cost-effective method, has been proven to be abnormal in synchrony with CSF biomarker values. This paper presents the recent progress of the CSF Aβ 42/40 ratio and plasma Aβ 42/40 for AD as well as their potential clinical application as diagnostic markers or screening tools for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunbo Dong
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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4
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Ismail Z, Creese B, Aarsland D, Kales HC, Lyketsos CG, Sweet RA, Ballard C. Psychosis in Alzheimer disease - mechanisms, genetics and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:131-44. [PMID: 34983978 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis is a common and distressing symptom in people with Alzheimer disease, and few safe and effective treatments are available. However, new approaches to symptom assessment and treatment are beginning to drive the field forward. New nosological perspectives have been provided by incorporating the emergence of psychotic symptoms in older adults - even in advance of dementia - into epidemiological and neurobiological frameworks as well as into diagnostic and research criteria such as the International Psychogeriatric Association criteria for psychosis in neurocognitive disorders, the Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART) research criteria for psychosis in neurodegenerative disease, and the ISTAART criteria for mild behavioural impairment. Here, we highlight the latest findings in genomics, neuroimaging and neurobiology that are informing approaches to drug discovery and repurposing. Current pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options are discussed, with a focus on safety and precision medicine. We also explore trial data for pimavanserin, a novel agent that shows promise for the treatment of psychosis in people with dementia, and discuss existing agents that might be useful but need further exploration such as escitalopram, lithium, cholinesterase inhibitors and vitamin D. Although the assessment and management of psychosis in people with dementia remain challenging, new opportunities are providing direction and hope to the field.
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5
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Jeong HJ, Lee YM, Park JM, Lee BD, Moon E, Suh H, Kim HJ, Pak K, Choi KU, Chung YI. Reduced Thickness of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex as a Predictor of Amnestic-Mild Cognitive Impairment Conversion to Alzheimer's Disease with Psychosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1709-1717. [PMID: 34719496 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A long-term follow-up study in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is needed to elucidate the association between regional brain volume and psychopathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease with psychosis (AD + P). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the thickness of the angular cingulate cortex (ACC) on the risk of AD + P conversion in patients with aMCI. METHODS This was a hospital-based prospective longitudinal study including 174 patients with aMCI. The main outcome measure was time-to-progression from aMCI to AD + P. Subregions of the ACC (rostral ACC, rACC; caudal ACC, cACC) and hippocampus (HC) were measured as regions of interest with magnetic resonance imaging and the Freesurfer analysis at baseline. Survival analysis with time to incident AD + P as an event variable was calculated with Cox proportional hazards models using the subregions of the ACC and HC as a continuous variable. RESULTS Cox proportional hazard analyses showed that the risk of AD + P was associated with sub-regional ACC thickness but not HC volume: reduced cortical thickness of the left cACC (HR [95%CI], 0.224 [0.087-0.575], p = 0.002), right cACC (HR [95%CI], 0.318 [0.132-0.768], p = 0.011). This association of the cACC with the risk of AD also remained significant when adjusted for HC volume. CONCLUSION We found that reduced cortical thickness of the cACC is a predictor of aMCI conversion to AD + P, independent of HC, suggesting that the ACC plays a vital role in the underlying pathogenesis of AD + P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Dae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwagyu Suh
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Un Choi
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-In Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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6
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Parnell E, Shapiro LP, Voorn RA, Forrest MP, Jalloul HA, Loizzo DD, Penzes P. KALRN: A central regulator of synaptic function and synaptopathies. Gene 2020; 768:145306. [PMID: 33189799 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The synaptic regulator, kalirin, plays a key role in synaptic plasticity and formation of dendritic arbors and spines. Dysregulation of the KALRN gene has been linked to various neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, addiction and intellectual disabilities. Both genetic and molecular studies highlight the importance of normal KALRN expression for healthy neurodevelopment and function. This review aims to give an in-depth analysis of the structure and molecular mechanisms of kalirin function, particularly within the brain. These data are correlated to genetic evidence of patient mutations within KALRN and animal models of Kalrn that together give insight into the manner in which this gene may be involved in neurodevelopment and the etiology of disease. The emerging links to human disease from post-mortem, genome wide association (GWAS) and exome sequencing studies are examined to highlight the disease relevance of kalirin, particularly in neurodevelopmental diseases. Finally, we will discuss efforts to pharmacologically regulate kalirin protein activity and the implications of such endeavors for the treatment of human disease. As multiple disease states arise from deregulated synapse formation and altered KALRN expression and function, therapeutics may be developed to provide control over KALRN activity and thus synapse dysregulation. As such, a detailed understanding of how kalirin regulates neuronal development, and the manner in which kalirin dysfunction promotes neurological disease, may support KALRN as a valuable therapeutic avenue for future pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan Parnell
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
| | - Lauren P Shapiro
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
| | - Roos A Voorn
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
| | - Marc P Forrest
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
| | - Hiba A Jalloul
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
| | - Daniel D Loizzo
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA; Northwestern University Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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7
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the incidence, treatment and genetics of psychosis in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). RECENT FINDINGS Psychosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has an incidence of ~ 10% per year. There is limited evidence regarding psychological interventions. Pharmacological management has focused on atypical antipsychotics, balancing modest benefits with evidence of long-term harms. The 5HT2A inverse agonist pimavanserin appears to confer benefit in PD psychosis with initial evidence of benefit in AD. Cholinesterase inhibitors give modest benefits in DLB psychosis. The utility of muscarinic agonists, lithium, glutamatergic and noradrenergic modulators needs further study. Recent work has confirmed the importance of psychosis in MCI as well as AD. The lack of evidence regarding psychological therapies is an urgent knowledge gap, but there is encouraging evidence for emerging pharmacological treatments. Genetics will provide an opportunity for precision medicine and new treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive Ballard
- The University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, The University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Magdalen Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
| | | | | | - Dag Aarsland
- University Hospital Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- King's College London, London, UK
| | - Byron Creese
- The University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, The University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Magdalen Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
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8
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Russo-Savage L, Rao VKS, Eipper BA, Mains RE. Role of Kalirin and mouse strain in retention of spatial memory training in an Alzheimer's disease model mouse line. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 95:69-80. [PMID: 32768866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nontransgenic and 3xTG transgenic mice, which express mutant transgenes encoding human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) along with Alzheimer's disease-associated versions of hTau and a presenilin mutation, acquired the Barnes Maze escape task equivalently at 3-9 months of age. Although nontransgenics retested at 6 and 9 months acquired the escape task more quickly than naïve mice, 3xTG mice did not. Deficits in Kalirin, a multidomain protein scaffold and guanine nucleotide exchange factor that regulates dendritic spines, has been proposed as a contributor to the cognitive decline observed in Alzheimer's disease. To test whether deficits in Kalirin might amplify deficits in 3xTG mice, mice heterozygous/hemizygous for Kalirin and the 3xTG transgenes were generated. Mouse strain, age and sex affected cortical expression of key proteins. hAPP levels in 3xTG mice increased total APP levels at all ages. Kalirin expression showed strong sex-dependent expression in C57 but not B6129 mice. Decreasing Kalirin levels to half had no effect on Barnes Maze task acquisition or retraining in 3xTG hemizygous mice.
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9
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Paskus JD, Herring BE, Roche KW. Kalirin and Trio: RhoGEFs in Synaptic Transmission, Plasticity, and Complex Brain Disorders. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:505-518. [PMID: 32513570 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the actin cytoskeleton are a primary mechanism mediating the morphological and functional plasticity that underlies learning and memory. The synaptic Ras homologous (Rho) guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) Kalirin and Trio have emerged as central regulators of actin dynamics at the synapse. The increased attention surrounding Kalirin and Trio stems from the growing evidence for their roles in the etiology of a wide range of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. In this Review, we discuss recent findings revealing the unique and diverse functions of these paralog proteins in neurodevelopment, excitatory synaptic transmission, and plasticity. We additionally survey the growing literature implicating these proteins in various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah D Paskus
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Bruce E Herring
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine W Roche
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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10
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Krivinko JM, Koppel J, Savonenko A, Sweet RA. Animal Models of Psychosis in Alzheimer Disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 28:1-19. [PMID: 31278012 PMCID: PMC6858948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis in Alzheimer Disease (AD) represents a distinct clinicopathologic variant associated with increased cognitive and functional morbidity and an accelerated disease course. To date, extant treatments offer modest benefits with significant risks. The development of new pharmacologic treatments for psychosis in AD would be facilitated by validated preclinical models with which to test candidate interventions. The current review provides a brief summary of the process of validating animal models of human disease together with a critical analysis of the challenges posed in attempting to apply those standards to AD-related behavioral models. An overview of phenotypic analogues of human cognitive and behavioral impairments, with an emphasis on those relevant to psychosis, in AD-related mouse models is provided, followed by an update on recent progress in efforts to translate findings in the pathophysiology of psychotic AD into novel models. Finally, some future directions are suggested to expand the catalogue of psychosis-relevant phenotypes that may provide a sturdier framework for model development and targets for preclinical treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh M. Krivinko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jeremy Koppel
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer’s Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY
| | - Alena Savonenko
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Robert A. Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Geewoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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12
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Bostancıklıoğlu M. An update on the interactions between Alzheimer's disease, autophagy and inflammation. Gene 2019; 705:157-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Xie Z, Shapiro LP, Cahill ME, Russell TA, Lacor PN, Klein WL, Penzes P. Kalirin-7 prevents dendritic spine dysgenesis induced by amyloid beta-derived oligomers. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 49:1091-1101. [PMID: 30565792 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Synapse degeneration and dendritic spine dysgenesis are believed to be crucial early steps in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and correlate with cognitive deficits in AD patients. Soluble amyloid beta (Aβ)-derived oligomers, also termed Aβ-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs), accumulate in the brain of AD patients and play a crucial role in AD pathogenesis. ADDLs bind to mature hippocampal neurons, induce structural changes in dendritic spines and contribute to neuronal death. However, mechanisms underlying structural and toxic effects are not fully understood. Here, we report that ADDLs bind to cultured mature cortical pyramidal neurons and induce spine dysgenesis. ADDL treatment induced the rapid depletion of kalirin-7, a brain-specific guanine-nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase Rac1, from spines. Kalirin-7 is a key regulator of dendritic spine morphogenesis and maintenance in forebrain pyramidal neurons and here we show that overexpression of kalirin-7 prevents ADDL-induced spine degeneration. Taken together, our results suggest that kalirin-7 may play a role in the early events leading to synapse degeneration, and its pharmacological activation may prevent or delay synapse pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Xie
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lauren P Shapiro
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael E Cahill
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Theron A Russell
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pascale N Lacor
- Department of Neurobiology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - William L Klein
- Department of Neurobiology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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14
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Cissé M, Duplan E, Lorivel T, Dunys J, Bauer C, Meckler X, Gerakis Y, Lauritzen I, Checler F. The transcription factor XBP1s restores hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory by control of the Kalirin-7 pathway in Alzheimer model. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1562-1575. [PMID: 27646263 PMCID: PMC5658671 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal network dysfunction and cognitive decline constitute the most prominent features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), although mechanisms causing such impairments are yet to be determined. Here we report that virus-mediated delivery of the active spliced transcription factor X-Box binding protein 1s (XBP1s) in the hippocampus rescued spine density, synaptic plasticity and memory function in a mouse model of AD. XBP1s transcriptionally activated Kalirin-7 (Kal7), a protein that controls synaptic plasticity. In addition, we found reduced levels of Kal7 in primary neurons exposed to Aβ oligomers, transgenic mouse models and human AD brains. Short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of Kal7 altered synaptic plasticity and memory formation in naive mice. Further, reduction of endogenous Kal7 compromised the beneficial effects of XBP1s in Alzheimer's model. Hence, our findings reveal that XBP1s is neuroprotective through a mechanism that engages Kal7 pathway with therapeutic implications in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cissé
- Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-UMR7275, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France,Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-UMR7275, NEUROLOGY, IPMC/CNRS, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France. E-mail:
| | - E Duplan
- Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-UMR7275, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - T Lorivel
- Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-UMR7275, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - J Dunys
- Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-UMR7275, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - C Bauer
- Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-UMR7275, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - X Meckler
- Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-UMR7275, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Y Gerakis
- Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-UMR7275, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - I Lauritzen
- Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-UMR7275, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - F Checler
- Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-UMR7275, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
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15
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Krivinko JM, Erickson SL, Abrahamson EE, Wills ZP, Ikonomovic MD, Penzes P, Sweet RA. Kalirin reduction rescues psychosis-associated behavioral deficits in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic mice. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 54:59-70. [PMID: 28319837 PMCID: PMC5502748 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD+P) represents a distinct clinical and neurobiological AD phenotype and is associated with more rapid cognitive decline, higher rates of abnormal behaviors, and increased caregiver burden compared with AD without psychosis. On a molecular level, AD+P is associated with greater reductions in the protein kalirin, a guanine exchange factor which has also been linked to the psychotic disease, schizophrenia. In this study, we sought to determine the molecular and behavioral consequences of kalirin reduction in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice. We evaluated mice with and without kalirin reduction during tasks measuring psychosis-associated behaviors and spatial memory. We found that kalirin reduction in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice significantly attenuated psychosis-associated behavior at 12 months of age without changing spatial memory performance. The 12-month-old APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice with reduced kalirin levels also had increased levels of the active, phosphorylated forms of p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinases (PAKs), which function in signaling pathways for maintenance of dendritic spine density, morphology, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh M Krivinko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Susan L Erickson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric E Abrahamson
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zachary P Wills
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Milos D Ikonomovic
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert A Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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16
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Alves S, Churlaud G, Audrain M, Michaelsen-Preusse K, Fol R, Souchet B, Braudeau J, Korte M, Klatzmann D, Cartier N. Interleukin-2 improves amyloid pathology, synaptic failure and memory in Alzheimer's disease mice. Brain 2017; 140:826-842. [PMID: 28003243 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2)-deficient mice have cytoarchitectural hippocampal modifications and impaired learning and memory ability reminiscent of Alzheimer's disease. IL-2 stimulates regulatory T cells whose role is to control inflammation. As neuroinflammation contributes to neurodegeneration, we investigated IL-2 in Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, we investigated IL-2 levels in hippocampal biopsies of patients with Alzheimer's disease relative to age-matched control individuals. We then treated APP/PS1ΔE9 mice having established Alzheimer's disease with IL-2 for 5 months using single administration of an AAV-IL-2 vector. We first found decreased IL-2 levels in hippocampal biopsies of patients with Alzheimer's disease. In mice, IL-2-induced systemic and brain regulatory T cells expansion and activation. In the hippocampus, IL-2 induced astrocytic activation and recruitment of astrocytes around amyloid plaques, decreased amyloid-β42/40 ratio and amyloid plaque load, improved synaptic plasticity and significantly rescued spine density. Of note, this tissue remodelling was associated with recovery of memory deficits, as assessed in the Morris water maze task. Altogether, our data strongly suggest that IL-2 can alleviate Alzheimer's disease hallmarks in APP/PS1ΔE9 mice with established pathology. Therefore, this should prompt the investigation of low-dose IL-2 in Alzheimer's disease and other neuroinflammatory/neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Alves
- INSERM U1169/MIRCen CEA 92265 Fontenay aux Roses and Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Guillaume Churlaud
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (i2B), F-75651, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMR-S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Mickael Audrain
- INSERM U1169/MIRCen CEA 92265 Fontenay aux Roses and Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Kristin Michaelsen-Preusse
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, AG NIND, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Romain Fol
- INSERM U1169/MIRCen CEA 92265 Fontenay aux Roses and Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Benoit Souchet
- INSERM U1169/MIRCen CEA 92265 Fontenay aux Roses and Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Jérôme Braudeau
- INSERM U1169/MIRCen CEA 92265 Fontenay aux Roses and Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Martin Korte
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, AG NIND, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
| | - David Klatzmann
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (i2B), F-75651, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMR-S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Cartier
- INSERM U1169/MIRCen CEA 92265 Fontenay aux Roses and Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
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17
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LaRese TP, Yan Y, Eipper BA, Mains RE. Using Kalirin conditional knockout mice to distinguish its role in dopamine receptor mediated behaviors. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:45. [PMID: 28535798 PMCID: PMC5442696 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mice lacking Kalirin-7 (Kal7KO), a Rho GDP/GTP exchange factor, self-administer cocaine at a higher rate than wildtype mice, and show an exaggerated locomotor response to experimenter-administered cocaine. Kal7, which localizes to post-synaptic densities at glutamatergic synapses, interacts directly with the GluN2B subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA; GluN) receptor. Consistent with these observations, Kal7 plays an essential role in NMDA receptor dependent long term potentiation and depression, and glutamatergic transmission plays a key role in the response to chronic cocaine. A number of genetic studies have implicated altered Kalirin expression in schizophrenia and other disorders such as Alzheimer’s Disease. Results A comparison of the effects of experimenter-administered cocaine on mice lacking all Kalirin isoforms to its effects on mice lacking only Kalirin-7 identified Kal7 as the key isoform whose deletion produces exaggerated locomotor responses to cocaine. Pretreatment of Kal7KO mice with a low dose of ifenprodil, a selective GluN2B antagonist, eliminated their enhanced locomotor response to cocaine, revealing an important role for GluN2B in this behavior. Selective knockout of Kalirin in dopamine transporter expressing neurons produced a transient enhancement of cocaine-induced locomotion, while knockout of Kalirin in Drd1a- or Drd2-dopamine receptor expressing neurons was without effect. As observed in Kalirin global knockout mice, eliminating Kalirin expression in Drd2-expressing neurons increased exploratory behavior in the elevated zero maze, an effect eliminated by pretreatment with ifenprodil. Conclusions The cocaine-sensitive neuronal pathways which are most sensitive to altered Kalirin function may be the pathways most dependent on GluN2B and Drd2. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-017-0363-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor P LaRese
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030-3401, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030-3401, USA
| | - Betty A Eipper
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030-3401, USA.,Departments of Neuroscience and Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030-3401, USA
| | - Richard E Mains
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030-3401, USA.
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18
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19
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Grubisha MJ, Lin CW, Tseng GC, Penzes P, Sibille E, Sweet RA. Age-dependent increase in Kalirin-9 and Kalirin-12 transcripts in human orbitofrontal cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:2483-2492. [PMID: 27471199 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
KALRN (KAL) is a Rho GEF that is highly involved in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton within dendrites. There are several isoforms of the protein that arise from differential splicing of KALRN's 66 exons. KAL isoforms have different functions in development. For example, overexpression of the KAL9 and KAL12 isoforms induce dendritic elongation in early development. However, in mature neurons KAL9 overexpression reduces dendritic length, a phenotype also observed in normal human ageing. We therefore hypothesized that KAL9 would have increased expression with age, and undertook to evaluate the expression of individual KALRN exons throughout the adult lifespan. Postmortem human brain grey matter from Brodmann's area (BA) 11 and BA47 derived from a cohort of 209 individuals without psychiatric or neurodegenerative disease, ranging in age from 16 to 91 years, were analysed for KALRN expression by Affymetrix exon array. Analysis of the exon array data in an isoform-specific manner, as well as confirmatory isoform-specific qPCR studies, indicated that the longer KAL9 and KAL12 isoforms demonstrated a statistically significant, but modest, increase with age. The small magnitude of the age effect suggests that inter-individual factors other than age likely contribute to a higher degree to KAL9 and KAL12 expression. In contrast to KAL9 and KAL12, global KALRN expression did not increase with age. Our work suggests that global measures of KALRN gene expression may be misleading and future studies should focus on isoform-specific quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Grubisha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Penzes
- Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert A Sweet
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Tower, Rm W-1645, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213-2593, USA. .,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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20
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Kirkwood CM, MacDonald ML, Schempf TA, Vatsavayi AV, Ikonomovic MD, Koppel JL, Ding Y, Sun M, Kofler JK, Lopez OL, Yates NA, Sweet RA. Altered Levels of Visinin-Like Protein 1 Correspond to Regional Neuronal Loss in Alzheimer Disease and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:175-82. [PMID: 26769253 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlv018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated the neuronal calcium-sensing protein visinin-like 1 protein (Vilip-1) as a peripheral biomarker in Alzheimer disease (AD), but little is known about expression of Vilip-1 in the brains of patients with AD. We used targeted and quantitative mass spectrometry to measure Vilip-1 peptide levels in the entorhinal cortex (ERC) and the superior frontal gyrus (SF) from cases with early to moderate stage AD, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and cognitively and neuropathologically normal elderly controls. We found that Vilip-1 levels were significantly lower in the ERC, but not in SF, of AD subjects compared to normal controls. In FTLD cases, Vilip-1 levels in the SF were significantly lower than in normal controls. These findings suggest a unique role for cerebrospinal fluid Vilip-1 as a biomarker of ERC neuron loss in AD.
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21
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Sweet RA, MacDonald ML, Kirkwood CM, Ding Y, Schempf T, Jones-Laughner J, Kofler J, Ikonomovic MD, Lopez OL, Garver ME, Fitz NF, Koldamova R, Yates NA. Apolipoprotein E*4 (APOE*4) Genotype Is Associated with Altered Levels of Glutamate Signaling Proteins and Synaptic Coexpression Networks in the Prefrontal Cortex in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer Disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2252-62. [PMID: 27103636 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.056580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that Alzheimer disease (AD) is primarily a disorder of the synapse. However, assessment of the synaptic proteome in AD subjects has been limited to a small number of proteins and often included subjects with end-stage pathology. Protein from prefrontal cortex gray matter of 59 AD subjects with mild to moderate dementia and 12 normal elderly subjects was assayed using targeted mass spectrometry to quantify 191 synaptically expressed proteins. The profile of synaptic protein expression clustered AD subjects into two groups. One of these was characterized by reduced expression of glutamate receptor proteins, significantly increased synaptic protein network coexpression, and associated withApolipoprotein E*4 (APOE*4) carrier status. The second group, by contrast, showed few differences from control subjects. A subset of AD subjects had altered prefrontal cortex synaptic proteostasis for glutamate receptors and their signaling partners. Efforts to therapeutically target glutamate receptors in AD may have outcomes dependent on APOE*4 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Sweet
- From the Departments of ‡Psychiatry, **Neurology, and ‡‡VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Milos D Ikonomovic
- **Neurology, and §§Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- From the Departments of ‡Psychiatry, **Neurology, and
| | | | - Nicholas F Fitz
- ¶¶Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Radosveta Koldamova
- ¶¶Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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22
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Dries DR, Zhu Y, Brooks MM, Forero DA, Adachi M, Cenik B, West JM, Han YH, Yu C, Arbella J, Nordin A, Adolfsson R, Del-Favero J, Lu QR, Callaerts P, Birnbaum SG, Yu G. Loss of Nicastrin from Oligodendrocytes Results in Hypomyelination and Schizophrenia with Compulsive Behavior. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11647-56. [PMID: 27008863 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.715078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological underpinnings and the pathological lesions of psychiatric disorders are centuries-old questions that have yet to be understood. Recent studies suggest that schizophrenia and related disorders likely have their origins in perturbed neurodevelopment and can result from a large number of common genetic variants or multiple, individually rare genetic alterations. It is thus conceivable that key neurodevelopmental pathways underline the various genetic changes and the still unknown pathological lesions in schizophrenia. Here, we report that mice defective of the nicastrin subunit of γ-secretase in oligodendrocytes have hypomyelination in the central nervous system. These mice have altered dopamine signaling and display profound abnormal phenotypes reminiscent of schizophrenia. In addition, we identify an association of the nicastrin gene with a human schizophrenia cohort. These observations implicate γ-secretase and its mediated neurodevelopmental pathways in schizophrenia and provide support for the "myelination hypothesis" of the disease. Moreover, by showing that schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive symptoms could be modeled in animals wherein a single genetic factor is altered, our work provides a biological basis that schizophrenia with obsessive-compulsive disorder is a distinct subtype of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Dries
- From the Departments of Neuroscience, the Chemistry Department, Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania 16652
| | - Yi Zhu
- From the Departments of Neuroscience
| | | | - Diego A Forero
- the Laboratory of NeuroPsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, 37-94 Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Cong Yu
- From the Departments of Neuroscience
| | - Jennifer Arbella
- the Chemistry Department, Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania 16652
| | - Annelie Nordin
- the Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Umea University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - Rolf Adolfsson
- the Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Umea University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - Jurgen Del-Favero
- the Applied Molecular Genomics Unit, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Q Richard Lu
- the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Patrick Callaerts
- the Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Center for Human Genetics, VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Gang Yu
- From the Departments of Neuroscience,
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23
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Puigdellívol M, Cherubini M, Brito V, Giralt A, Suelves N, Ballesteros J, Zamora-Moratalla A, Martín ED, Eipper BA, Alberch J, Ginés S. A role for Kalirin-7 in corticostriatal synaptic dysfunction in Huntington's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:7265-85. [PMID: 26464483 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is an early clinical hallmark of Huntington's disease (HD) preceding the appearance of motor symptoms by several years. Neuronal dysfunction and altered corticostriatal connectivity have been postulated to be fundamental to explain these early disturbances. However, no treatments to attenuate cognitive changes have been successful: the reason may rely on the idea that the temporal sequence of pathological changes is as critical as the changes per se when new therapies are in development. To this aim, it becomes critical to use HD mouse models in which cognitive impairments appear prior to motor symptoms. In this study, we demonstrate procedural memory and motor learning deficits in two different HD mice and at ages preceding motor disturbances. These impairments are associated with altered corticostriatal long-term potentiation (LTP) and specific reduction of dendritic spine density and postsynaptic density (PSD)-95 and spinophilin-positive clusters in the cortex of HD mice. As a potential mechanism, we described an early decrease of Kalirin-7 (Kal7), a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor for Rho-like small GTPases critical to maintain excitatory synapse, in the cortex of HD mice. Supporting a role for Kal7 in HD synaptic deficits, exogenous expression of Kal7 restores the reduction of excitatory synapses in HD cortical cultures. Altogether, our results suggest that cortical dysfunction precedes striatal disturbances in HD and underlie early corticostriatal LTP and cognitive defects. Moreover, we identified diminished Kal7 as a key contributor to HD cortical alterations, placing Kal7 as a molecular target for future therapies aimed to restore corticostriatal function in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Puigdellívol
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cherubini
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Brito
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Suelves
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ballesteros
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity, Albacete Science and Technology Park (PCYTA), Institute for Research in Neurological Disabilities (IDINE), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain and
| | - Alfonsa Zamora-Moratalla
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity, Albacete Science and Technology Park (PCYTA), Institute for Research in Neurological Disabilities (IDINE), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain and
| | - Eduardo D Martín
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity, Albacete Science and Technology Park (PCYTA), Institute for Research in Neurological Disabilities (IDINE), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain and
| | - Betty A Eipper
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Ginés
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain,
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24
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Rosenthal SL, Bamne MN, Wang X, Berman S, Snitz BE, Klunk WE, Sweet RA, Demirci FY, Lopez OL, Kamboh MI. More evidence for association of a rare TREM2 mutation (R47H) with Alzheimer's disease risk. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2443.e21-6. [PMID: 26058841 PMCID: PMC4465085 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Over 20 risk loci have been identified for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), most of which display relatively small effect sizes. Recently, a rare missense (R47H) variant, rs75932628 in TREM2, has been shown to mediate LOAD risk substantially in Icelandic and Caucasian populations. Here, we present more evidence for the association of the R47H with LOAD risk in a Caucasian population comprising 4567 LOAD cases and controls. Our results show that carriers of the R47H variant have a significantly increased risk for LOAD (odds ratio = 7.40, p = 3.66E-06). In addition to Alzheimer's disease risk, we also examined the association of R47H with Alzheimer's disease-related phenotypes, including age-at-onset, psychosis, and amyloid deposition but found no significant association. Our results corroborate those of other studies implicating TREM2 as an LOAD risk locus and indicate the need to determine its biological role in the context of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Rosenthal
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mikhil N Bamne
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xingbin Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Berman
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beth E Snitz
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William E Klunk
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert A Sweet
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - F Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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25
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Qiu T, Liu Q, Chen YX, Zhao YF, Li YM. Aβ42 and Aβ40: similarities and differences. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:522-9. [PMID: 26018760 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in the brain is one of the most important hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Aβ is an aggregation-prone and toxic polypeptide with 39-43 residues, derived from the amyloid precursor protein proteolysis process. According to the amyloid hypothesis, abnormal accumulation of Aβ in the brain is the primary influence driving Alzheimer's disease pathologies. Among all kinds of Aβ isoforms, Aβ40 and Aβ42 are believed to be the most important ones. Although these two kinds of Aβ differ only in two amino acid residues, recent studies show that they differ significantly in their metabolism, physiological functions, toxicities, and aggregation mechanism. In this review, we mainly summarize the similarities and differences between Aβ42 and Aβ40, recent studies on selective inhibitors as well as probes will also be mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu-Fen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a monumental public health crisis with no effective cure or treatment. To date, therapeutic strategies have focused almost exclusively on upstream signaling events in the disease, namely on β-amyloid and amyloid precursor protein processing, and have, unfortunately, yielded few, if any, promising results. An alternative approach may be to target signaling events downstream of β-amyloid and even tau. However, with so many pathways already linked to the disease, understanding which ones are "drivers" versus "passengers" in the pathogenesis of the disease remains a tremendous challenge. Given the critical roles of Rho-guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) in regulating the actin cytoskeleton and spine dynamics, and the strong association between spine abnormalities and cognition, it is not surprising that mutations in a number of genes involved in Rho-GTPase signaling have been implicated in several brain disorders, including schizophrenia and autism. And now, there is mounting literature implicating Rho-GTPase signaling in AD pathogenesis as well. Here, I review this evidence, with a particular emphasis on the regulators of Rho-GTPase signaling, namely guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins. Several of these have been linked to various aspects of AD, and each offers a novel potential therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Lefort
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
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Sultzer DL, Leskin LP, Melrose RJ, Harwood DG, Narvaez TA, Ando TK, Mandelkern MA. Neurobiology of delusions, memory, and insight in Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 22:1346-55. [PMID: 24021220 PMCID: PMC4254898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delusional thoughts are common among patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and may be conceptually linked to memory deficits (cannot recall accurate information, which leads to inaccurate beliefs) and poor insight (unable to appreciate the illogic of beliefs). This study's goals were to examine the clinical associations among delusions, memory deficits, and poor insight; explore neurobiologic correlates for these symptoms; and identify shared mechanisms. METHODS In a cross-sectional analysis, 88 outpatients with AD (mean Mini-Mental State Exam score: 19.3) were studied. Delusional thoughts were assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, level of inaccurate insight was assessed with the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale, and memory was assessed with the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale memory subscale. (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography was used to measure regional cortical metabolism. Relationships between clinical ratings and regional cortical metabolic activity (voxel-based) were assessed using SPM2. RESULTS Patients with delusions had lower Dementia Rating Scale memory subscale scores. Neurobehavioral Rating Scale inaccurate insight scores were no different in those with and without delusions. Cortical metabolic activity was lower in the right lateral frontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and bilateral temporal cortex in patients with delusions. Low cortical metabolic activity in the right lateral, inferior, and medial temporal cortex was associated with poorer memory. This region partially overlapped the region of hypometabolism associated with delusions. In contrast, low cortical metabolic activity in bilateral medial frontal cortex was associated with poor insight. CONCLUSION Delusions in AD are associated with dysfunction in specific frontal and temporal cortical regions. Delusions are partially clinically and neurobiologically linked to memory deficits but not to poor insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Sultzer
- Brain, Behavior, and Aging Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Lorraine P. Leskin
- Brain, Behavior, and Aging Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
| | - Rebecca J. Melrose
- Brain, Behavior, and Aging Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Dylan G. Harwood
- Brain, Behavior, and Aging Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Theresa A. Narvaez
- Brain, Behavior, and Aging Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
| | - Timothy K. Ando
- Brain, Behavior, and Aging Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
| | - Mark A. Mandelkern
- Nuclear Medicine Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System,Department of Physics, University of California, Irvine
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Murray PS, Kirkwood CM, Gray MC, Fish KN, Ikonomovic MD, Hamilton RL, Kofler JK, Klunk WE, Lopez OL, Sweet RA. Hyperphosphorylated tau is elevated in Alzheimer's disease with psychosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 39:759-73. [PMID: 24270207 DOI: 10.3233/jad-131166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Psychosis occurs in 40-60% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects, is heritable, and indicates a more rapidly progressive disease phenotype. Neuroimaging and postmortem evidence support an exaggerated prefrontal cortical synaptic deficit in AD with psychosis. Microtubule-associated protein tau is a key mediator of amyloid-β-induced synaptotoxicity in AD, and differential mechanisms of progressive intraneuronal phospho-tau accumulation and interneuronal spread of tau aggregates have recently been described. We hypothesized that psychosis in AD would be associated with greater intraneuronal concentration of phospho-tau and greater spread of tau aggregates in prefrontal cortex. We therefore evaluated prefrontal cortex phospho-tau in a cohort of 45 AD cases with and without psychosis. Intraneuronal phospho-tau concentration was higher in subjects with psychosis, while a measure of phospho-tau spread, volume fraction, was not. Across groups both measures were associated with lower scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination and Digit Span Backwards test. These novel findings indicate that tau phosphorylation may be accelerated in AD with psychosis, indicating a more dynamic, exaggerated pathology in AD with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Caitlin M Kirkwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan C Gray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth N Fish
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Milos D Ikonomovic
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronald L Hamilton
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julia K Kofler
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William E Klunk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert A Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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29
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Koppel J, Acker C, Davies P, Lopez OL, Jimenez H, Azose M, Greenwald BS, Murray PS, Kirkwood CM, Kofler J, Sweet RA. Psychotic Alzheimer's disease is associated with gender-specific tau phosphorylation abnormalities. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2021-8. [PMID: 24731519 PMCID: PMC4155748 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence suggests that psychotic Alzheimer's disease (AD + P) is associated with an acceleration of frontal degeneration, with tau pathology playing a primary role. Previous histopathologic and biomarker studies have specifically implicated tau pathology in this condition. To precisely quantify tau abnormalities in the frontal cortex in AD + P, we used a sensitive biochemical assay of total tau and 4 epitopes of phospho-tau relevant in AD pathology in a postmortem sample of AD + P and AD - P. Samples of superior frontal gyrus from 26 AD subjects without psychosis and 45 AD + P subjects with psychosis were analyzed. Results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrate that AD + P females, but not males, had significantly higher levels of phosphorylated tau in the frontal cortex. In males, but not females, AD + P was associated with the presence of α-synuclein pathology. These results support a gender dissociation of pathology in AD + P. The design of future studies aimed at the elucidation of cognitive and/or functional outcomes; regional brain metabolic deficits; or genetic correlates of AD + P should take gender into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Koppel
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; The Zucker Hillside Hospital, The North-Shore LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.
| | - Chris Acker
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Peter Davies
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Heidy Jimenez
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Blaine S Greenwald
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, The North-Shore LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Patrick S Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Caitlin M Kirkwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julia Kofler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert A Sweet
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; VISN Q2 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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30
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Cissé M, Checler F. Eph receptors: new players in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 73:137-49. [PMID: 25193466 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is devastating and leads to permanent losses of memory and other cognitive functions. Although recent genetic evidences strongly argue for a causative role of Aβ in AD onset and progression (Jonsson et al., 2012), its role in AD etiology remains a matter of debate. However, even if not the sole culprit or pathological trigger, genetic and anatomical evidences in conjunction with numerous pharmacological studies, suggest that Aβ peptides, at least contribute to the disease. How Aβ contributes to memory loss remains largely unknown. Soluble Aβ species referred to as Aβ oligomers have been shown to be neurotoxic and induce network failure and cognitive deficits in animal models of the disease. In recent years, several proteins were described as potential Aβ oligomers receptors, amongst which are the receptor tyrosine kinases of Eph family. These receptors together with their natural ligands referred to as ephrins have been involved in a plethora of physiological and pathological processes, including embryonic neurogenesis, learning and memory, diabetes, cancers and anxiety. Here we review recent discoveries on Eph receptors-mediated protection against Aβ oligomers neurotoxicity as well as their potential as therapeutic targets in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustapha Cissé
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275 CNRS/UNS, "Labex Distalz", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France..
| | - Frédéric Checler
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275 CNRS/UNS, "Labex Distalz", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France..
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Li XL, Hu N, Tan MS, Yu JT, Tan L. Behavioral and psychological symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014:927804. [PMID: 25133184 PMCID: PMC4123596 DOI: 10.1155/2014/927804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) such as depression, apathy, aggression, and psychosis are now recognized as core features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and there is a general consensus that greater symptom severity is predictive of faster cognitive decline, loss of independence, and even shorter survival. Whether these symptoms result from the same pathogenic processes responsible for cognitive decline or have unique etiologies independent of AD-associated neurodegeneration is unclear. Many structural and metabolic features of the AD brain are associated with individual neuropsychiatric symptoms or symptom clusters. In addition, many genes have been identified and confirmed that are associated with symptom risk in a few cases. However, there are no single genes strongly predictive of individual neuropsychiatric syndromes, while functional and structural brain changes unique to specific symptoms may reflect variability in progression of the same pathological processes. Unfortunately, treatment success for these psychiatric symptoms may be lower when comorbid with AD, underscoring the importance of future research on their pathobiology and treatment. This review summarizes some of the most salient aspects of NPS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Li
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Vatsavayi AV, Kofler J, Demichele-Sweet MA, Murray PS, Lopez OL, Sweet RA. TAR DNA-binding protein 43 pathology in Alzheimer's disease with psychosis. Int Psychogeriatr 2014; 26:987-94. [PMID: 24588894 DOI: 10.1017/S1041610214000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) has been identified as a major disease protein in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. More recently, TDP-43 proteinopathy has also been observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with a characteristic distribution of TDP-43 predominantly in the mesial temporal lobe, and to a lesser degree in the neocortical areas. AD subjects with psychotic symptoms (AD+P) represent a subgroup characterized by greater impairment of frontal cortex-dependent cognitive functions and more severe frontal cortical neuropathology. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is an association between TDP-43 pathology and AD+P. We hypothesized that TDP-43 pathology would be more frequent in AD+P than in AD without psychosis. METHODS We studied the presence and distribution of TDP-43 pathology by immunohistochemistry in the dentate gyrus (DG) and prefrontal cortex (FC) of postmortem brain specimens from 68 subjects with a primary neuropathologic diagnosis of AD as determined by the Neuropathology Core of the University of Pittsburgh Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. RESULTS Forty-five (66%) subjects were classified as AD+P. Fourteen (20.6%) subjects had TDP-43 pathology in DG, eight (11.8%) had TDP-43 pathology in FC, and six (8.8%) had TDP-43 pathology in both regions. TDP-43 in DG was not significantly associated with AD+P. However, TDP-43 in FC demonstrated a trend toward reduced likelihood of psychosis (p = 0.068). TDP-43 pathology in DG, but not FC, was significantly associated with greater age at death and longer duration of illness. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that there was no association between concomitant TDP-43 pathology in DG or FC and AD+P.
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Abstract
Changes in dendritic spines structure and function play a critical role in a number of physiological processes, including synaptic transmission and plasticity, and are intimately linked to cognitive function. Alterations in dendritic spine morphogenesis occur in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders and likely underlie the cognitive and behavioral changes associated with these disorders. The neuronal guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) kalirin is emerging as a key regulator of structural and functional plasticity at dendritic spines. Moreover, a series of recent studies have genetically and functionally linked kalirin signaling to several disorders, including schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Kalirin signaling may thus represent a disease mechanism and provide a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Remmers
- Department of Physiology, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Robert A Sweet
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Physiology, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Abstract
Psychotic symptoms, delusions and hallucinations, occur in approximately 50% of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (AD with psychosis [AD + P]). Pharmacotherapies for AD + P have limited efficacy and can increase short-term mortality. These observations have motivated efforts to identify the underlying biology of AD + P. Psychosis in AD indicates a more severe phenotype, with more rapid cognitive decline beginning even before psychosis onset. Neuroimaging studies suggest that AD + P subjects demonstrate greater cortical synaptic impairments than AD subjects without psychosis, reflected in reduced gray matter volume, reduced regional blood flow, and reduced regional glucose metabolism. Neuroimaging and available postmortem evidence further indicate that the impairments in AD + P, relative to AD subjects without psychosis, are localized to neocortex rather than medial temporal lobe. Neuropathologic studies provide consistent evidence of accelerated accumulation of hyperphosphorylated microtubule associated protein tau in AD + P. Finally, studies of familial aggregation of AD + P have established that the risk for psychosis in AD is, in part, genetically mediated. Although no genes are established as associated with AD + P, the first genome-wide association study of AD + P has generated some promising leads. The study of the neurobiology of AD + P is rapidly accelerating and may be poised for translational discovery. This process can be enhanced by identifying points of convergence and divergence with the neurobiology of AD proper and of schizophrenia, by innovative extension of current approaches, and by development of relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Veterans Integrated Service Network 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Robert A Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Veterans Integrated Service Network 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Ma XM, Miller MB, Vishwanatha KS, Gross MJ, Wang Y, Abbott T, Lam TT, Mains RE, Eipper BA. Nonenzymatic domains of Kalirin7 contribute to spine morphogenesis through interactions with phosphoinositides and Abl. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:1458-71. [PMID: 24600045 PMCID: PMC4004595 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-04-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Like several Rho GDP/GTP exchange factors (GEFs), Kalirin7 (Kal7) contains an N-terminal Sec14 domain and multiple spectrin repeats. A natural splice variant of Kalrn lacking the Sec14 domain and four spectrin repeats is unable to increase spine formation; our goal was to understand the function of the Sec14 and spectrin repeat domains. Kal7 lacking its Sec14 domain still increased spine formation, but the spines were short. Strikingly, Kal7 truncation mutants containing only the Sec14 domain and several spectrin repeats increased spine formation. The Sec14 domain bound phosphoinositides, a minor but crucial component of cellular membranes, and binding was increased by a phosphomimetic mutation. Expression of KalSec14-GFP in nonneuronal cells impaired receptor-mediated endocytosis, linking Kal7 to membrane trafficking. Consistent with genetic studies placing Abl, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, and the Drosophila orthologue of Kalrn into the same signaling pathway, Abl1 phosphorylated two sites in the fourth spectrin repeat of Kalirin, increasing its sensitivity to calpain-mediated degradation. Treating cortical neurons of the wild-type mouse, but not the Kal7(KO) mouse, with an Abl inhibitor caused an increase in linear spine density. Phosphorylation of multiple sites in the N-terminal Sec14/spectrin region of Kal7 may allow coordination of the many signaling pathways contributing to spine morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ming Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 WM Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale/NIDA Neuroproteomics Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
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Penzes P, Buonanno A, Passafaro M, Sala C, Sweet RA. Developmental vulnerability of synapses and circuits associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. J Neurochem 2013; 126:165-82. [PMID: 23574039 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), schizophrenia (SZ), and Alzheimer's disease, pose an immense burden to society. Symptoms of these disorders become manifest at different stages of life: early childhood, adolescence, and late adulthood, respectively. Progress has been made in recent years toward understanding the genetic substrates, cellular mechanisms, brain circuits, and endophenotypes of these disorders. Multiple lines of evidence implicate excitatory and inhibitory synaptic circuits in the cortex and hippocampus as key cellular substrates of pathogenesis in these disorders. Excitatory/inhibitory balance--modulated largely by dopamine--critically regulates cortical network function, neural network activity (i.e. gamma oscillations) and behaviors associated with psychiatric disorders. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of synaptic pathology and neuronal network activity may thus provide essential insight into the pathogenesis of these disorders and can reveal novel drug targets to treat them. Here, we discuss recent genetic, neuropathological, and molecular studies that implicate alterations in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic circuits in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Penzes
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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