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Hamada HT, Abe Y, Takata N, Taira M, Tanaka KF, Doya K. Optogenetic activation of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons induces brain-wide activation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4152. [PMID: 38755120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Serotonin is a neuromodulator that affects multiple behavioral and cognitive functions. Nonetheless, how serotonin causes such a variety of effects via brain-wide projections and various receptors remains unclear. Here we measured brain-wide responses to optogenetic stimulation of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) of the male mouse brain using functional MRI with an 11.7 T scanner and a cryoprobe. Transient activation of DRN serotonin neurons caused brain-wide activation, including the medial prefrontal cortex, the striatum, and the ventral tegmental area. The same stimulation under anesthesia with isoflurane decreased brain-wide activation, including the hippocampal complex. These brain-wide response patterns can be explained by DRN serotonergic projection topography and serotonin receptor expression profiles, with enhanced weights on 5-HT1 receptors. Together, these results provide insight into the DR serotonergic system, which is consistent with recent discoveries of its functions in adaptive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiro Taiyo Hamada
- Neural Computation Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
- Research & Development Department, Araya Inc, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Abe
- Division of Brain Sciences, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Takata
- Division of Brain Sciences, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Taira
- Neural Computation Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Division of Brain Sciences, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Doya
- Neural Computation Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
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2
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Iguchi Y, Fukabori R, Kato S, Takahashi K, Eifuku S, Maejima Y, Shimomura K, Mizuma H, Mawatari A, Doi H, Cui Y, Onoe H, Hikishima K, Osanai M, Nishijo T, Momiyama T, Benton R, Kobayashi K. Chemogenetic activation of mammalian brain neurons expressing insect Ionotropic Receptors by systemic ligand precursor administration. Commun Biol 2024; 7:547. [PMID: 38714803 PMCID: PMC11076466 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemogenetic approaches employing ligand-gated ion channels are advantageous regarding manipulation of target neuronal population functions independently of endogenous second messenger pathways. Among them, Ionotropic Receptor (IR)-mediated neuronal activation (IRNA) allows stimulation of mammalian neurons that heterologously express members of the insect chemosensory IR repertoire in response to their cognate ligands. In the original protocol, phenylacetic acid, a ligand of the IR84a/IR8a complex, was locally injected into a brain region due to its low permeability of the blood-brain barrier. To circumvent this invasive injection, we sought to develop a strategy of peripheral administration with a precursor of phenylacetic acid, phenylacetic acid methyl ester, which is efficiently transferred into the brain and converted to the mature ligand by endogenous esterase activities. This strategy was validated by electrophysiological, biochemical, brain-imaging, and behavioral analyses, demonstrating high utility of systemic IRNA technology in the remote activation of target neurons in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Iguchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Ryoji Fukabori
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kazumi Takahashi
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Satoshi Eifuku
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuko Maejima
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mizuma
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Aya Mawatari
- Laboratory for Labeling Chemistry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hisashi Doi
- Laboratory for Labeling Chemistry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Research, Institute for Drug Discovery Science, Collaborative Creation Research Center, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yilong Cui
- Laboratory for Biofunction Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Onoe
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keigo Hikishima
- Medical Devices Research Group, Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-8564, Japan
| | - Makoto Osanai
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuma Nishijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, 480-0392, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Momiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Richard Benton
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
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3
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Cerri DH, Albaugh DL, Walton LR, Katz B, Wang TW, Chao THH, Zhang W, Nonneman RJ, Jiang J, Lee SH, Etkin A, Hall CN, Stuber GD, Shih YYI. Distinct neurochemical influences on fMRI response polarity in the striatum. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1916. [PMID: 38429266 PMCID: PMC10907631 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The striatum, known as the input nucleus of the basal ganglia, is extensively studied for its diverse behavioral roles. However, the relationship between its neuronal and vascular activity, vital for interpreting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals, has not received comprehensive examination within the striatum. Here, we demonstrate that optogenetic stimulation of dorsal striatal neurons or their afferents from various cortical and subcortical regions induces negative striatal fMRI responses in rats, manifesting as vasoconstriction. These responses occur even with heightened striatal neuronal activity, confirmed by electrophysiology and fiber-photometry. In parallel, midbrain dopaminergic neuron optogenetic modulation, coupled with electrochemical measurements, establishes a link between striatal vasodilation and dopamine release. Intriguingly, in vivo intra-striatal pharmacological manipulations during optogenetic stimulation highlight a critical role of opioidergic signaling in generating striatal vasoconstriction. This observation is substantiated by detecting striatal vasoconstriction in brain slices after synthetic opioid application. In humans, manipulations aimed at increasing striatal neuronal activity likewise elicit negative striatal fMRI responses. Our results emphasize the necessity of considering vasoactive neurotransmission alongside neuronal activity when interpreting fMRI signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenic H Cerri
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel L Albaugh
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay R Walton
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brittany Katz
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tzu-Wen Wang
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tzu-Hao Harry Chao
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Weiting Zhang
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Randal J Nonneman
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amit Etkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Alto Neuroscience, Los Altos, CA, USA
| | - Catherine N Hall
- Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Garret D Stuber
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Sharma S, Mehan S, Khan Z, Gupta GD, Narula AS. Icariin prevents methylmercury-induced experimental neurotoxicity: Evidence from cerebrospinal fluid, blood plasma, brain samples, and in-silico investigations. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24050. [PMID: 38226245 PMCID: PMC10788811 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that causes significant neurodegeneration. Methylmercury (MeHg+) is a neurotoxin that induces axonal neurodegeneration and motor nerve degeneration by destroying oligodendrocytes, degenerating white matter, inducing apoptosis, excitotoxicity, and reducing myelin basic protein (MBP). This study examines the inhibition of SIRT-1 (silence information regulator 1), Nrf-2 (nuclear factor E2-related factor 2), HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1), and TDP-43 (TAR-DNA-binding protein 43) accumulation in the context of ALS, as well as the modulation of these proteins by icariin (15 and 30 mg/kg, orally), a glycoside flavonoid with neuroprotective properties. Neuroprotective icariin activates SIRT-1, Nrf-2, and HO-1, mitigating inflammation and neuronal injury in neurodegenerative disorders. In-vivo and in-silico testing of experimental ALS models confirmed icariin efficacy in modulating these cellular targets. The addition of sirtinol 10 mg/kg, an inhibitor of SIRT-1, helps determine the effectiveness of icariin. In this study, we also examined neurobehavioral, neurochemical, histopathological, and LFB (Luxol fast blue) markers in various biological samples, including Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood plasma, and brain homogenates (Cerebral Cortex, Hippocampus, Striatum, mid-brain, and Cerebellum). These results demonstrate that the administration of icariin ameliorates experimental ALS and that the mechanism underlying these benefits is likely related to regulating the SIRT-1, Nrf-2, and HO-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Sharma
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India), Moga, Punjab, India
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Fujimoto A, Elorette C, Fujimoto SH, Fleysher L, Rudebeck PH, Russ BE. Pharmacological modulation of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors reveals distinct neural networks related to probabilistic learning in non-human primates. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.27.573487. [PMID: 38234858 PMCID: PMC10793459 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.27.573487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) has a multifaceted role in healthy and disordered brains through its action on multiple subtypes of dopaminergic receptors. How modulation of these receptors controls behavior by altering connectivity across intrinsic brain-wide networks remains elusive. Here we performed parallel behavioral and resting-state functional MRI experiments after administration of two different DA receptor antagonists in macaque monkeys. Systemic administration of SCH-23390 (D1 antagonist) disrupted probabilistic learning when subjects had to learn new stimulus-reward associations and diminished functional connectivity (FC) in cortico-cortical and fronto-striatal connections. By contrast, haloperidol (D2 antagonist) improved learning and broadly enhanced FC in cortical connections. Further comparison between the effect of SCH-23390/haloperidol on behavioral and resting-state FC revealed specific cortical and subcortical networks associated with the cognitive and motivational effects of DA, respectively. Thus, we reveal the distinct brain-wide networks that are associated with the dopaminergic control of learning and motivation via DA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Fujimoto
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
- Lipschultz Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Catherine Elorette
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
- Lipschultz Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Satoka H. Fujimoto
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
- Lipschultz Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Lazar Fleysher
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
| | - Peter H. Rudebeck
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
- Lipschultz Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Brian E. Russ
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University at Langone, One, 8, Park Ave, New York, NY 10016
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6
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Belilos A, Gray C, Sanders C, Black D, Mays E, Richie C, Sengupta A, Hake H, Francis TC. Nucleus accumbens local circuit for cue-dependent aversive learning. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113488. [PMID: 37995189 PMCID: PMC10795009 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Response to threatening environmental stimuli requires detection and encoding of important environmental features that dictate threat. Aversive events are highly salient, which promotes associative learning about stimuli that signal this threat. The nucleus accumbens is uniquely positioned to process this salient, aversive information and promote motivated output, through plasticity on the major projection neurons in the brain area. We describe a nucleus accumbens core local circuit whereby excitatory plasticity facilitates learning and recall of discrete aversive cues. We demonstrate that putative nucleus accumbens substance P release and long-term excitatory plasticity on dopamine 2 receptor-expressing projection neurons are required for cue-dependent fear learning. Additionally, we find that fear learning and recall is dependent on distinct projection neuron subtypes. Our work demonstrates a critical role for nucleus accumbens substance P in cue-dependent aversive learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Belilos
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Cortez Gray
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Christie Sanders
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Destiny Black
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mays
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Christopher Richie
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ayesha Sengupta
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Holly Hake
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - T Chase Francis
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Markicevic M, Sturman O, Bohacek J, Rudin M, Zerbi V, Fulcher BD, Wenderoth N. Neuromodulation of striatal D1 cells shapes BOLD fluctuations in anatomically connected thalamic and cortical regions. eLife 2023; 12:e78620. [PMID: 37824184 PMCID: PMC10569790 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the brain's macroscale dynamics are shaped by underlying microscale mechanisms is a key problem in neuroscience. In animal models, we can now investigate this relationship in unprecedented detail by directly manipulating cellular-level properties while measuring the whole-brain response using resting-state fMRI. Here, we focused on understanding how blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) dynamics, measured within a structurally well-defined striato-thalamo-cortical circuit in mice, are shaped by chemogenetically exciting or inhibiting D1 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the right dorsomedial caudate putamen (CPdm). We characterize changes in both the BOLD dynamics of individual cortical and subcortical brain areas, and patterns of inter-regional coupling (functional connectivity) between pairs of areas. Using a classification approach based on a large and diverse set of time-series properties, we found that CPdm neuromodulation alters BOLD dynamics within thalamic subregions that project back to dorsomedial striatum. In the cortex, changes in local dynamics were strongest in unimodal regions (which process information from a single sensory modality) and weakened along a hierarchical gradient towards transmodal regions. In contrast, a decrease in functional connectivity was observed only for cortico-striatal connections after D1 excitation. Our results show that targeted cellular-level manipulations affect local BOLD dynamics at the macroscale, such as by making BOLD dynamics more predictable over time by increasing its self-correlation structure. This contributes to ongoing attempts to understand the influence of structure-function relationships in shaping inter-regional communication at subcortical and cortical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Markicevic
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Oliver Sturman
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, HEST, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Johannes Bohacek
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, HEST, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Markus Rudin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Valerio Zerbi
- Neuro-X Institute, School of Engineering (STI), EPFLLausanneSwitzerland
- CIBM Centre for Biomedical ImagingLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Ben D Fulcher
- School of Physics, The University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Nicole Wenderoth
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Future Health Technologies, Singapore-ETH Centre, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE)SingaporeSingapore
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8
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Belilos A, Gray C, Sanders C, Black D, Mays E, Richie CT, Sengupta A, Hake HS, Francis TC. Nucleus Accumbens Local Circuit for Cue-Dependent Aversive Learning. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.06.527338. [PMID: 36798245 PMCID: PMC9934565 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.06.527338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Response to threatening environmental stimuli requires detection and encoding of important environmental features that dictate threat. Aversive events are highly salient which promotes associative learning about stimuli that signal this threat. The nucleus accumbens is uniquely positioned to process this salient, aversive information and promote motivated output, through plasticity on the major projection neurons in the brain area. We uncovered a nucleus accumbens core local circuit whereby excitatory plasticity facilitates learning and recall of discrete aversive cues. We demonstrate that putative nucleus accumbens substance P release and long-term excitatory plasticity on dopamine 2 receptor expressing projection neurons is required for cue-dependent fear learning. Additionally, we found fear learning and recall were dependent on distinct projection-neuron subtypes. Our work demonstrates a critical role for Nucleus Accumbens substance P in cue-dependent aversive learning.
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9
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Olusakin J, Lobo MK. An endogenous opioid alters neuronal plasticity to constrain cognitive flexibility. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3146-3148. [PMID: 37532796 PMCID: PMC10859914 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Olusakin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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10
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Kim S, Moon HS, Vo TT, Kim CH, Im GH, Lee S, Choi M, Kim SG. Whole-brain mapping of effective connectivity by fMRI with cortex-wide patterned optogenetics. Neuron 2023; 111:1732-1747.e6. [PMID: 37001524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with optogenetic neural manipulation is a powerful tool that enables brain-wide mapping of effective functional networks. To achieve flexible manipulation of neural excitation throughout the mouse cortex, we incorporated spatiotemporal programmable optogenetic stimuli generated by a digital micromirror device into an MRI scanner via an optical fiber bundle. This approach offered versatility in space and time in planning the photostimulation pattern, combined with in situ optical imaging and cell-type-specific or circuit-specific genetic targeting in individual mice. Brain-wide effective connectivity obtained by fMRI with optogenetic stimulation of atlas-based cortical regions is generally congruent with anatomically defined axonal tracing data but is affected by the types of anesthetics that act selectively on specific connections. fMRI combined with flexible optogenetics opens a new path to investigate dynamic changes in functional brain states in the same animal through high-throughput brain-wide effective connectivity mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghoon Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Moon
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Tan Vo
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Ho Im
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghwan Choi
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Katz BM, Walton LR, Houston KM, Cerri DH, Shih YYI. Putative neurochemical and cell type contributions to hemodynamic activity in the rodent caudate putamen. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:481-498. [PMID: 36448509 PMCID: PMC10063835 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221142533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used by researchers to noninvasively monitor brain-wide activity. The traditional assumption of a uniform relationship between neuronal and hemodynamic activity throughout the brain has been increasingly challenged. This relationship is now believed to be impacted by heterogeneously distributed cell types and neurochemical signaling. To date, most cell-type- and neurotransmitter-specific influences on hemodynamics have been examined within the cortex and hippocampus of rodent models, where glutamatergic signaling is prominent. However, neurochemical influences on hemodynamics are relatively unknown in largely GABAergic brain regions such as the rodent caudate putamen (CPu). Given the extensive contribution of CPu function and dysfunction to behavior, and the increasing focus on this region in fMRI studies, improved understanding of CPu hemodynamics could have broad impacts. Here we discuss existing findings on neurochemical contributions to hemodynamics as they may relate to the CPu with special consideration for how these contributions could originate from various cell types and circuits. We hope this review can help inform the direction of future studies as well as interpretation of fMRI findings in the CPu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Katz
- Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lindsay R Walton
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kaiulani M Houston
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Domenic H Cerri
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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12
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Reid KM, Steel D, Nair S, Bhate S, Biassoni L, Sudhakar S, Heys M, Burke E, Kamsteeg EJ, Hameed B, Zech M, Mencacci NE, Barwick K, Topf M, Kurian MA. Loss-of-Function Variants in DRD1 in Infantile Parkinsonism-Dystonia. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071046. [PMID: 37048120 PMCID: PMC10093404 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human dopaminergic system is vital for a broad range of neurological processes, including the control of voluntary movement. Here we report a proband presenting with clinical features of dopamine deficiency: severe infantile parkinsonism-dystonia, characterised by frequent oculogyric crises, dysautonomia and global neurodevelopmental impairment. CSF neurotransmitter analysis was unexpectedly normal. Triome whole-genome sequencing revealed a homozygous variant (c.110C>A, (p.T37K)) in DRD1, encoding the most abundant dopamine receptor (D1) in the central nervous system, most highly expressed in the striatum. This variant was absent from gnomAD, with a CADD score of 27.5. Using an in vitro heterologous expression system, we determined that DRD1-T37K results in loss of protein function. Structure-function modelling studies predicted reduced substrate binding, which was confirmed in vitro. Exposure of mutant protein to the selective D1 agonist Chloro APB resulted in significantly reduced cyclic AMP levels. Numerous D1 agonists failed to rescue the cellular defect, reflected clinically in the patient, who had no benefit from dopaminergic therapy. Our study identifies DRD1 as a new disease-associated gene, suggesting a crucial role for the D1 receptor in motor control.
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13
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Abstract
Altered or atypical functional connectivity as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a hallmark feature of brain connectopathy in psychiatric, developmental, and neurological disorders. However, the biological underpinnings and etiopathological significance of this phenomenon remain unclear. The recent development of MRI-based techniques for mapping brain function in rodents provides a powerful platform to uncover the determinants of functional (dys)connectivity, whether they are genetic mutations, environmental risk factors, or specific cellular and circuit dysfunctions. Here, we summarize the recent contribution of rodent fMRI toward a deeper understanding of network dysconnectivity in developmental and psychiatric disorders. We highlight substantial correspondences in the spatiotemporal organization of rodent and human fMRI networks, supporting the translational relevance of this approach. We then show how this research platform might help us comprehend the importance of connectional heterogeneity in complex brain disorders and causally relate multiscale pathogenic contributors to functional dysconnectivity patterns. Finally, we explore how perturbational techniques can be used to dissect the fundamental aspects of fMRI coupling and reveal the causal contribution of neuromodulatory systems to macroscale network activity, as well as its altered dynamics in brain diseases. These examples outline how rodent functional imaging is poised to advance our understanding of the bases and determinants of human functional dysconnectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gozzi
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Rovereto, Italy.
| | - Valerio Zerbi
- Neuro-X Institute, School of Engineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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14
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Ely AV, Wetherill RR. Reward and inhibition in obesity and cigarette smoking: Neurobiological overlaps and clinical implications. Physiol Behav 2023; 260:114049. [PMID: 36470508 PMCID: PMC10694810 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking and obesity are the leading causes of premature morbidity and mortality and increase the risk of all-cause mortality four-fold when comorbid. Individuals with these conditions demonstrate neurobiological and behavioral differences regarding how they respond to rewarding stimuli or engage in inhibitory control. This narrative review examines the role of reward and inhibition in cigarette smoking and obesity independently, as well as recent research demonstrating an effect of increased body mass index (BMI) on neurocognitive function in individuals who smoke. It is possible that chronic smoking and overeating of highly palatable food, contributing to obesity, dysregulates reward neurocircuitry, subsequently leading to hypofunction of brain networks associated with inhibitory control. These brain changes do not appear to be specific to food or nicotine and, as a result, can potentiate continued cross-use. Changes to reward and inhibitory function due to increased BMI may also make cessation more difficult for those comorbid for obesity and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice V Ely
- Cooper University Health Care, Center for Healing, Division of Addiction Medicine, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
| | - Reagan R Wetherill
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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15
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LaChance PA, Taube JS. A model for transforming egocentric views into goal-directed behavior. Hippocampus 2023; 33:488-504. [PMID: 36780179 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurons in the rat postrhinal cortex (POR) respond to the egocentric (observer-centered) bearing and distance of the boundaries, or geometric center, of an enclosed space. Understanding of the precise geometric and sensory properties of the environment that generate these signals is limited. Here we model how this signal may relate to visual perception of motion parallax along environmental boundaries. A behavioral extension of this tuning is the known 'centering response', in which animals follow a spatial gradient function based on boundary parallax to guide behavior toward the center of a corridor or enclosure. Adding an allocentric head direction signal to this representation can translate the gradient across two-dimensional space and provide a new gradient for directing behavior to any location. We propose a model for how this signal may support goal-directed navigation via projections to the dorsomedial striatum. The result is a straightforward code for navigational variables derived from visual geometric properties of the surrounding environment, which may be used to map space and transform incoming sensory information into an appropriate motor output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A LaChance
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Taube
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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16
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Abstract
Can we construct a model of brain function that enables an understanding of whole-brain circuit mechanisms underlying neurological disease and use it to predict the outcome of therapeutic interventions? How are pathologies in neurological disease, some of which are observed to have spatial spreading mechanisms, associated with circuits and brain function? In this review, we discuss approaches that have been used to date and future directions that can be explored to answer these questions. By combining optogenetic functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with computational modeling, cell type-specific, large-scale brain circuit function and dysfunction are beginning to be quantitatively parameterized. We envision that these developments will pave the path for future therapeutics developments based on a systems engineering approach aimed at directly restoring brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ehsan Dadgar-Kiani
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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17
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Lee JY, You T, Woo CW, Kim SG. Optogenetic fMRI for Brain-Wide Circuit Analysis of Sensory Processing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012268. [PMID: 36293125 PMCID: PMC9602603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory processing is a complex neurological process that receives, integrates, and responds to information from one's own body and environment, which is closely related to survival as well as neurological disorders. Brain-wide networks of sensory processing are difficult to investigate due to their dynamic regulation by multiple brain circuits. Optogenetics, a neuromodulation technique that uses light-sensitive proteins, can be combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (ofMRI) to measure whole-brain activity. Since ofMRI has increasingly been used for investigating brain circuits underlying sensory processing for over a decade, we systematically reviewed recent ofMRI studies of sensory circuits and discussed the challenges of optogenetic fMRI in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yun Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Taeyi You
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Choong-Wan Woo
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-299-4350; Fax: +82-31-299-4506
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18
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Chan RW, Cron GO, Asaad M, Edelman BJ, Lee HJ, Adesnik H, Feinberg D, Lee JH. Distinct local and brain-wide networks are activated by optogenetic stimulation of neurons specific to each layer of motor cortex. Neuroimage 2022; 263:119640. [PMID: 36176220 PMCID: PMC10025169 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary motor cortex (M1) consists of a stack of interconnected but distinct layers (L1-L6) which affect motor control through large-scale networks. However, the brain-wide functional influence of each layer is poorly understood. We sought to expand our knowledge of these layers' circuitry by combining Cre-driver mouse lines, optogenetics, fMRI, and electrophysiology. Neuronal activities initiated in Drd3 neurons (within L2/3) were mainly confined within M1, while stimulation of Scnn1a, Rbp4, and Ntsr1 neurons (within L4, L5, and L6, respectively) evoked distinct responses in M1 and motor-related subcortical regions, including striatum and motor thalamus. We also found that fMRI responses from targeted stimulations correlated with both local field potentials (LFPs) and spike changes. This study represents a step forward in our understanding of how different layers of primary motor cortex are embedded in brain-wide circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell W Chan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Greg O Cron
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mazen Asaad
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bradley J Edelman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hillel Adesnik
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David Feinberg
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jin Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA.
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19
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Yin B, Shi Z, Wang Y, Meck WH. Oscillation/Coincidence-Detection Models of Reward-Related Timing in Corticostriatal Circuits. Timing Time Percept 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/22134468-bja10057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The major tenets of beat-frequency/coincidence-detection models of reward-related timing are reviewed in light of recent behavioral and neurobiological findings. This includes the emphasis on a core timing network embedded in the motor system that is comprised of a corticothalamic-basal ganglia circuit. Therein, a central hub provides timing pulses (i.e., predictive signals) to the entire brain, including a set of distributed satellite regions in the cerebellum, cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus that are selectively engaged in timing in a manner that is more dependent upon the specific sensory, behavioral, and contextual requirements of the task. Oscillation/coincidence-detection models also emphasize the importance of a tuned ‘perception’ learning and memory system whereby target durations are detected by striatal networks of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) through the coincidental activation of different neural populations, typically utilizing patterns of oscillatory input from the cortex and thalamus or derivations thereof (e.g., population coding) as a time base. The measure of success of beat-frequency/coincidence-detection accounts, such as the Striatal Beat-Frequency model of reward-related timing (SBF), is their ability to accommodate new experimental findings while maintaining their original framework, thereby making testable experimental predictions concerning diagnosis and treatment of issues related to a variety of dopamine-dependent basal ganglia disorders, including Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Zhuanghua Shi
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Yaxin Wang
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Warren H. Meck
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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20
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Beloate LN, Zhang N. Connecting the dots between cell populations, whole-brain activity, and behavior. Neurophotonics 2022; 9:032208. [PMID: 35350137 PMCID: PMC8957372 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.3.032208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneously manipulating and monitoring both microscopic and macroscopic brain activity in vivo and identifying the linkage to behavior are powerful tools in neuroscience research. These capabilities have been realized with the recent technical advances of optogenetics and its combination with fMRI, here termed "opto-fMRI." Opto-fMRI allows for targeted brain region-, cell-type-, or projection-specific manipulation and targeted Ca 2 + activity measurement to be linked with global brain signaling and behavior. We cover the history, technical advances, applications, and important considerations of opto-fMRI in anesthetized and awake rodents and the future directions of the combined techniques in neuroscience and neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N. Beloate
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania, United States
- Pennsylvania State University, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania, United States
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21
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Winkelmeier L, Filosa C, Hartig R, Scheller M, Sack M, Reinwald JR, Becker R, Wolf D, Gerchen MF, Sartorius A, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Weber-Fahr W, Clemm von Hohenberg C, Russo E, Kelsch W. Striatal hub of dynamic and stabilized prediction coding in forebrain networks for olfactory reinforcement learning. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3305. [PMID: 35676281 PMCID: PMC9177857 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the circuits responsible for cognition and understanding their embedded computations is a challenge for neuroscience. We establish here a hierarchical cross-scale approach, from behavioral modeling and fMRI in task-performing mice to cellular recordings, in order to disentangle local network contributions to olfactory reinforcement learning. At mesoscale, fMRI identifies a functional olfactory-striatal network interacting dynamically with higher-order cortices. While primary olfactory cortices respectively contribute only some value components, the downstream olfactory tubercle of the ventral striatum expresses comprehensively reward prediction, its dynamic updating, and prediction error components. In the tubercle, recordings reveal two underlying neuronal populations with non-redundant reward prediction coding schemes. One population collectively produces stabilized predictions as distributed activity across neurons; in the other, neurons encode value individually and dynamically integrate the recent history of uncertain outcomes. These findings validate a cross-scale approach to mechanistic investigations of higher cognitive functions in rodents. Where and how the brain learns from experience is not fully understood. Here the authors use a hierarchical approach from behavioural modelling to systems fMRI to cellular coding reveals brain mechanisms for history informed updating of future predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Winkelmeier
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carla Filosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Renée Hartig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Max Scheller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Sack
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jonathan R Reinwald
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robert Becker
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - David Wolf
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Fungisai Gerchen
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Sartorius
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weber-Fahr
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Eleonora Russo
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kelsch
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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22
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Wang X, Wang Y, Chen J, Li J, Liu Y, Chen W. Aerobic exercise improves motor function and striatal MSNs-Erk/MAPK signaling in mice with 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:1713-1725. [PMID: 35384454 PMCID: PMC8985567 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In Parkinson’s disease (PD) state, with progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, the striatal dopamine (DA) and glutamate (Glu) levels change, resulting in dysfunction of basal ganglia motor regulation. The PD patient presents motor dysfunction such as resting tremor, bradykinesia, and muscular rigidity. To investigate the mechanism of aerobic exercise to improve PD-related motor dysfunction, in the current study, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was used to induce the PD mice model, and the motor function of PD mice was comprehensively evaluated by open-field test, rotarod test, and gait test. The co-expression of prodynorphin (PDYN) and proenkephalin (PENK) with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk1/2) and phosphorylation Erk1/2 (p-Erk1/2) were detected by double-labeling immunofluorescence. The results showed that a 4-week aerobic exercise intervention could effectively improve the motor dysfunction of PD mice. Moreover, it was found that the expressions of Erk1/2 and p-Erk1/2 in the dorsal striatum (Str) of PD mice were significantly increased, and the number of positive cells co-expressed by Erk1/2, p-Erk1/2, and PENK was significantly higher than PDYN. The above phenomenon was reversed by a 4-week aerobic exercise intervention. Therefore, this study suggests that the mechanism by which aerobic exercise improves PD-related motor dysfunction may be related to that the aerobic exercise intervention alleviates the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinases (Erk/MAPK) signaling pathway in striatal medium spiny neurons expressing D2-like receptors (D2-MSNs) of PD mice by regulating the striatal DA and Glu signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yinhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Bethune International Peace Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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23
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Bolkan SS, Stone IR, Pinto L, Ashwood ZC, Iravedra Garcia JM, Herman AL, Singh P, Bandi A, Cox J, Zimmerman CA, Cho JR, Engelhard B, Pillow JW, Witten IB. Opponent control of behavior by dorsomedial striatal pathways depends on task demands and internal state. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:345-357. [PMID: 35260863 PMCID: PMC8915388 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A classic view of the striatum holds that activity in direct and indirect pathways oppositely modulates motor output. Whether this involves direct control of movement, or reflects a cognitive process underlying movement, remains unresolved. Here we find that strong, opponent control of behavior by the two pathways of the dorsomedial striatum depends on the cognitive requirements of a task. Furthermore, a latent state model (a hidden Markov model with generalized linear model observations) reveals that-even within a single task-the contribution of the two pathways to behavior is state dependent. Specifically, the two pathways have large contributions in one of two states associated with a strategy of evidence accumulation, compared to a state associated with a strategy of repeating previous choices. Thus, both the demands imposed by a task, as well as the internal state of mice when performing a task, determine whether dorsomedial striatum pathways provide strong and opponent control of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S Bolkan
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Iris R Stone
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Lucas Pinto
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Zoe C Ashwood
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Alison L Herman
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Akhil Bandi
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Julia Cox
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Jounhong Ryan Cho
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Ben Engelhard
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jonathan W Pillow
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Ilana B Witten
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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24
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Grimm C, Frässle S, Steger C, von Ziegler L, Sturman O, Shemesh N, Peleg-Raibstein D, Burdakov D, Bohacek J, Stephan KE, Razansky D, Wenderoth N, Zerbi V. Optogenetic activation of striatal D1R and D2R cells differentially engages downstream connected areas beyond the basal ganglia. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110161. [PMID: 34965430 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia (BG) are a group of subcortical nuclei responsible for motor and executive function. Central to BG function are striatal cells expressing D1 (D1R) and D2 (D2R) dopamine receptors. D1R and D2R cells are considered functional antagonists that facilitate voluntary movements and inhibit competing motor patterns, respectively. However, whether they maintain a uniform function across the striatum and what influence they exert outside the BG is unclear. Here, we address these questions by combining optogenetic activation of D1R and D2R cells in the mouse ventrolateral caudoputamen with fMRI. Striatal D1R/D2R stimulation evokes distinct activity within the BG-thalamocortical network and differentially engages cerebellar and prefrontal regions. Computational modeling of effective connectivity confirms that changes in D1R/D2R output drive functional relationships between these regions. Our results suggest a complex functional organization of striatal D1R/D2R cells and hint toward an interconnected fronto-BG-cerebellar network modulated by striatal D1R and D2R cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Grimm
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zürich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Frässle
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Steger
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zürich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland; Center for MR Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas von Ziegler
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zürich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Sturman
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zürich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Noam Shemesh
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daria Peleg-Raibstein
- Laboratory of Neurobehavioral Dynamics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Neuroscience, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Denis Burdakov
- Laboratory of Neurobehavioral Dynamics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Neuroscience, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zürich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Bohacek
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zürich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klaas Enno Stephan
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany; Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zürich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Wenderoth
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zürich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Zerbi
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zürich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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25
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Edelman BJ, Ielacqua GD, Chan RW, Asaad M, Choy M, Lee JH. High-sensitivity detection of optogenetically-induced neural activity with functional ultrasound imaging. Neuroimage 2021; 242:118434. [PMID: 34333106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-brain imaging approaches and optogenetic manipulations are powerful tools to map brain-wide neural circuits in vivo. To date, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides the most comprehensive evaluation of such large-scale circuitry. However, functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI) has recently emerged as a complementary imaging modality that can extend such measurements towards the context of diverse behavioral states and tasks. Nevertheless, in order to properly interpret the fUSI signal during these complicated scenarios, it must first be carefully validated against well-established technologies, such as fMRI, in highly controlled experimental settings. Here, to address this need, we compared subsequent fMRI and fUSI recordings in response to direct neuronal activation via optogenetics in the same animals under an identical anesthetic protocol. Specifically, we applied various intensities of light stimulation to the primary motor cortex (M1) of mice and compared the spatiotemporal dynamics of the elicited fMRI and fUSI signals. Overall, our general linear model analysis (t-scores) and time series analysis (z-scores) revealed that fUSI was more sensitive than fMRI for detecting optogenetically-induced neuronal activation. Local field potential recordings in the bilateral M1 and striatum also better co-localized with fUSI activation patterns than those of fMRI. Finally, the fUSI response contained distinct arterial and venous components that provide vascular readouts of neuronal activity with vessel-type specificity.
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26
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Galli S, Stancheva SH, Dufor T, Gibb AJ, Salinas PC. Striatal Synapse Degeneration and Dysfunction Are Reversed by Reactivation of Wnt Signaling. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:670467. [PMID: 34149390 PMCID: PMC8209303 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.670467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse degeneration in the striatum has been associated with the early stages of Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases (PD and HD). However, the molecular mechanisms that trigger synaptic dysfunction and loss are not fully understood. Increasing evidence suggests that deficiency in Wnt signaling triggers synapse degeneration in the adult brain and that this pathway is affected in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous Wnt signaling is essential for the integrity of a subset of inhibitory synapses on striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). We found that inducible expression of the specific Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) in the adult striatum leads to the loss of inhibitory synapses on MSNs and affects the synaptic transmission of D2-MSNs. We also discovered that re-activation of the Wnt pathway by turning off Dkk1 expression after substantial loss of synapses resulted in the complete recovery of GABAergic and dopamine synapse number. Our results also show that re-activation of the Wnt pathway leads to a recovery of amphetamine response and motor function. Our studies identify the Wnt signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target for restoring neuronal circuits after synapse degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Galli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefka H Stancheva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Dufor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair J Gibb
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia C Salinas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Sans-Dublanc A, Chrzanowska A, Reinhard K, Lemmon D, Nuttin B, Lambert T, Montaldo G, Urban A, Farrow K. Optogenetic fUSI for brain-wide mapping of neural activity mediating collicular-dependent behaviors. Neuron 2021; 109:1888-1905.e10. [PMID: 33930307 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal cell types are arranged in brain-wide circuits that guide behavior. In mice, the superior colliculus innervates a set of targets that direct orienting and defensive actions. We combined functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI) with optogenetics to reveal the network of brain regions functionally activated by four collicular cell types. Stimulating each neuronal group triggered different behaviors and activated distinct sets of brain nuclei. This included regions not previously thought to mediate defensive behaviors, for example, the posterior paralaminar nuclei of the thalamus (PPnT), which we show to play a role in suppressing habituation. Neuronal recordings with Neuropixels probes show that (1) patterns of spiking activity and fUSI signals correlate well in space and (2) neurons in downstream nuclei preferentially respond to innately threatening visual stimuli. This work provides insight into the functional organization of the networks governing innate behaviors and demonstrates an experimental approach to explore the whole-brain neuronal activity downstream of targeted cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Sans-Dublanc
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Chrzanowska
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katja Reinhard
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dani Lemmon
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bram Nuttin
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Théo Lambert
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium; imec, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Montaldo
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium; imec, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alan Urban
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karl Farrow
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
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28
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Wilkes BJ, Bass C, Korah H, Febo M, Lewis MH. Volumetric magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging of C58/J mice: neural correlates of repetitive behavior. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 14:2084-96. [PMID: 31342238 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Restricted, repetitive behavior (RRB) involves sequences of responding with little variability and no obvious function. RRB is diagnostic for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and a significant feature in several neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite its clinical importance, relatively little is known about how RRB is mediated by broader neural circuits. In this study, we employed ultra-high field (17.6 Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study the C58/J mouse model of RRB. We determined alterations in brain morphology and connectivity of C58/J mice and their relationship to repetitive motor behavior using structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Compared to the genetically similar C57BL/6 control mouse strain, C58/J mice showed evidence of structural alterations in basal ganglia and cerebellar networks. In particular, C58/J mice exhibited reduced volumes of key cortical and basal ganglia regions that have been implicated in repetitive behavior, including motor cortex, striatum, globus pallidus, and subthalamic nucleus, as well as volume differences in the cerebellum. Moreover, DTI revealed differences in fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity in cerebellar white matter of C58/J mice. Importantly, we found that RRB exhibited by C58/J mice was correlated with volume of the striatum, subthalamic nucleus, and crus II of the cerebellum. These regions are key nodes in circuits connecting the basal ganglia and cerebellum and our findings implicate their role in RRB, particularly the indirect pathway.
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29
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Brodovskaya A, Shiono S, Kapur J. Activation of the basal ganglia and indirect pathway neurons during frontal lobe seizures. Brain 2021; 144:2074-2091. [PMID: 33730155 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no detailed descriptions of neuronal circuit active during frontal lobe motor seizures. Using activity reporter mice, local field potential recordings, tissue clearing, viral tracing, and super-resolution microscopy, we found neuronal activation after focal motor to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures in the striatum, globus pallidus externus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra pars reticulata and neurons of the indirect pathway. Seizures preferentially activated dopamine D2 receptor-expressing neurons over D1 in the striatum, which have different projections. Furthermore, the D2 receptor agonist infused into the striatum exerted an anticonvulsant effect. Seizures activate structures via short and long latency loops, and anatomical connections of the seizure focus determine the seizure circuit. These studies, for the first time, show activation of neurons in the striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra during frontal lobe motor seizures on the cellular level, revealing a complex neuronal activation circuit subject to modulation by the basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Brodovskaya
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Shinnosuke Shiono
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Jaideep Kapur
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.,UVA Brain Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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30
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Sun L, Xia R, Jiang J, Wen T, Huang Z, Qian R, Zhang MD, Zhou M, Peng C. MicroRNA-96 is required to prevent allodynia by repressing voltage-gated sodium channels in spinal cord. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 202:102024. [PMID: 33636225 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9 are predominately expressed in peripheral sensory neurons and are critical for action potential propagation in nociceptors. Unexpectedly, we found that expression of SCN9A, SCN10A, SCN11A, and SCN2A, the alpha subunit of Nav1.7, Nav1.8, Nav1.9 and Nav1.2, respectively, are up-regulated in spinal dorsal horn (SDH) neurons of miR-96 knockout mice. These mice also have de-repression of CACNA2D1/2 in DRG and display thermal and mechanical allodynia that could be attenuated by intrathecal or intraperitoneal injection of Nav1.7 or Nav1.8 blockers or Gabapentin. Moreover, Gad2::CreERT2 conditional miR-96 knockout mice phenocopied global knockout mice, implicating inhibitory neurons; nerve injury induced significant loss of miR-96 in SDH GABAergic and Glutamatergic neurons in mice which negatively correlated to up-regulation of Nav1.7, Nav1.8, Nav1.9 and Scn2a, this dis-regulation of miR-96 and Navs in SDH neurons contributed to neuropathic pain which can be alleviated by intrathecal injection of Nav1.7 or Nav1.8 blockers. In conclusion, miR-96 is required to avoid allodynia through limiting the expression of VGCCs and Navs in DRG and Navs in SDH in naïve and nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain mice. Our findings suggest that central nervous system penetrating Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 blockers may be efficacious for pain relief.
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31
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Schumacher FK, Schumacher LV, Amtage F, Horn A, Egger K, Piroth T, Weiller C, Schelter BO, Coenen VA, Kaller CP. The rostro-caudal gradient in the prefrontal cortex and its modulation by subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2138. [PMID: 33483554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) alleviates motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) but also affects the prefrontal cortex (PFC), potentially leading to cognitive side effects. The present study tested alterations within the rostro-caudal hierarchy of neural processing in the PFC induced by STN-DBS in PD. Granger-causality analyses of fast functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurements were used to infer directed functional connectivity from intrinsic PFC activity in 24 PD patients treated with STN-DBS. Functional connectivity was assessed ON stimulation, in steady-state OFF stimulation and immediately after the stimulator was switched ON again. Results revealed that STN-DBS significantly enhanced the rostro-caudal hierarchical organization of the PFC in patients who had undergone implantation early in the course of the disease, whereas it attenuated the rostro-caudal hierarchy in late-implanted patients. Most crucially, this systematic network effect of STN-DBS was reproducible in the second ON stimulation measurement. Supplemental analyses demonstrated the significance of prefrontal networks for cognitive functions in patients and matched healthy controls. These findings show that the modulation of prefrontal functional networks by STN-DBS is dependent on the disease duration before DBS implantation and suggest a neurophysiological mechanism underlying the side effects on prefrontally-guided cognitive functions observed under STN-DBS.
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32
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Niu M, Kasai A, Seiriki K, Hayashida M, Tanuma M, Yokoyama R, Hirato Y, Hashimoto H. Altered Functional Connectivity of the Orbital Cortex and Striatum Associated with Catalepsy Induced by Dopamine D1 and D2 Antagonists. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:442-447. [PMID: 33642553 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine system plays an important role in regulating many brain functions, including the motor function. The blockade of dopamine receptors results in a serious motor dysfunction, such as catalepsy and Parkinsonism. However, the neuronal mechanism underlying the drug-induced motor dysfunction is not well understood. Here, we examine brain-wide activation patterns in Fos-enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter mice that exhibit cataleptic behavior induced by SCH39166, a dopamine D1-like receptor antagonist, and raclopride, a dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist. Support vector classifications showed that the orbital cortex (ORB) and striatum including the caudoputamen (CP) and nucleus accumbens (ACB), prominently contribute to the discrimination between brains of the vehicle-treated and both SCH39166- and raclopride-treated mice. Interregional correlations indicated that the increased functional connectivity of functional networks, including the ORB, CP, and ACB, is the common mechanism underlying SCH39166- and raclopride-induced cataleptic behavior. Moreover, the distinct mechanisms in the SCH39166- and raclopride-induced cataleptic behaviors are the decreased functional connectivity between three areas above and the cortical amygdala, and between three areas above and the anterior cingulate cortex, respectively. Thus, the alterations of functional connectivity in diverse brain regions, including the ORB, provide new insights on the mechanism underlying drug-induced movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Atsushi Kasai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Kaoru Seiriki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
- Institute for Transdisciplinary Graduate Degree Programs, Osaka University
| | - Misuzu Hayashida
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Masato Tanuma
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Rei Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Yumi Hirato
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
- Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui
- Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University
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33
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Shin JH, Song M, Paik SB, Jung MW. Spatial organization of functional clusters representing reward and movement information in the striatal direct and indirect pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27004-15. [PMID: 33055217 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010361117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To obtain insights into striatal neural processes underlying reward-based learning and movement control, we examined spatial organizations of striatal neurons related to movement and reward-based learning. For this, we recorded the activity of direct- and indirect-pathway neurons (D1 and A2a receptor-expressing neurons, respectively) in mice engaged in probabilistic classical conditioning and open-field free exploration. We found broadly organized functional clusters of striatal neurons in the direct as well as indirect pathways for both movement- and reward-related variables. Functional clusters for different variables were partially overlapping in both pathways, but the overlap between outcome- and value-related functional clusters was greater in the indirect than direct pathway. Also, value-related spatial clusters were progressively refined during classical conditioning. Our study shows the broad and learning-dependent spatial organization of functional clusters of dorsal striatal neurons in the direct and indirect pathways. These findings further argue against the classic model of the basal ganglia and support the importance of spatiotemporal patterns of striatal neuronal ensemble activity in the control of behavior.
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34
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Sturman O, von Ziegler L, Schläppi C, Akyol F, Privitera M, Slominski D, Grimm C, Thieren L, Zerbi V, Grewe B, Bohacek J. Deep learning-based behavioral analysis reaches human accuracy and is capable of outperforming commercial solutions. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1942-1952. [PMID: 32711402 PMCID: PMC7608249 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0776-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To study brain function, preclinical research heavily relies on animal monitoring and the subsequent analyses of behavior. Commercial platforms have enabled semi high-throughput behavioral analyses by automating animal tracking, yet they poorly recognize ethologically relevant behaviors and lack the flexibility to be employed in variable testing environments. Critical advances based on deep-learning and machine vision over the last couple of years now enable markerless tracking of individual body parts of freely moving rodents with high precision. Here, we compare the performance of commercially available platforms (EthoVision XT14, Noldus; TSE Multi-Conditioning System, TSE Systems) to cross-verified human annotation. We provide a set of videos-carefully annotated by several human raters-of three widely used behavioral tests (open field test, elevated plus maze, forced swim test). Using these data, we then deployed the pose estimation software DeepLabCut to extract skeletal mouse representations. Using simple post-analyses, we were able to track animals based on their skeletal representation in a range of classic behavioral tests at similar or greater accuracy than commercial behavioral tracking systems. We then developed supervised machine learning classifiers that integrate the skeletal representation with the manual annotations. This new combined approach allows us to score ethologically relevant behaviors with similar accuracy to humans, the current gold standard, while outperforming commercial solutions. Finally, we show that the resulting machine learning approach eliminates variation both within and between human annotators. In summary, our approach helps to improve the quality and accuracy of behavioral data, while outperforming commercial systems at a fraction of the cost.
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Grants
- ETH Zurich, ETH Project Grant ETH-20 19-1, the SNSF Grant CRSII5-173721, Swiss Data Science Center C17-18, Neuroscience Center Zurich Project Grants Oxford/McGill/Zurich Partnership.
- ETH Zurich, ETH Project Grant ETH-20 19-1, the SNSF Grant 310030_172889/1, Forschungskredit of the University of Zurich FK-15-035, Vontobel-Foundation, Novartis Foundation for Medical Biological Research, EMDO-Foundation, Olga Mayenfisch Foundation, Betty and David Koetser Foundation for Brain Research, Neuroscience Center Zurich Project Grants Oxford/McGill/Zurich Partnership
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Sturman
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas von Ziegler
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christa Schläppi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Furkan Akyol
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Privitera
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daria Slominski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Grimm
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Thieren
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Experimental Imaging and Neuroenergetics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Zerbi
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Grewe
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Bohacek
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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35
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Nakamura Y, Nakamura Y, Pelosi A, Djemai B, Debacker C, Hervé D, Girault JA, Tsurugizawa T. fMRI detects bilateral brain network activation following unilateral chemogenetic activation of direct striatal projection neurons. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Baimel C, McGarry LM, Carter AG. The Projection Targets of Medium Spiny Neurons Govern Cocaine-Evoked Synaptic Plasticity in the Nucleus Accumbens. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2256-2263.e3. [PMID: 31461643 PMCID: PMC6733522 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We examine synaptic connectivity and cocaine-evoked plasticity at specific networks within the nucleus accumbens (NAc). We identify distinct subpopulations of D1+ medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that project to either the ventral pallidum (D1+VP) or the ventral tegmental area (D1+VTA). We show that inputs from the ventral hippocampus (vHPC), but not the basolateral amygdala (BLA), are initially biased onto D1+VTA MSNs. However, repeated cocaine exposure eliminates the bias of vHPC inputs onto D1+VTA MSNs, while strengthening BLA inputs onto D1+VP MSNs. Our results reveal that connectivity and plasticity depend on the specific inputs and outputs of D1+ MSNs and highlight the complexity of cocaine-evoked circuit level adaptations in the NAc. Baimel et al. examine how cocaine exposure alters specific circuits in the nucleus accumbens medial shell. They find that D1-expressing (D1+) medium spiny neurons projecting to ventral tegmental area and ventral pallidum are distinct populations. These two cell types differ in both their baseline synaptic connectivity and cocaine-evoked synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Baimel
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Laura M McGarry
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Adam G Carter
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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Sun W, Che H, Li J, Tang D, Liu X, Liu W, An L. Dorsolateral Striatal proBDNF Improves Reversal Learning by Enhancing Coordination of Neural Activity in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4642-4656. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Oettl LL, Scheller M, Filosa C, Wieland S, Haag F, Loeb C, Durstewitz D, Shusterman R, Russo E, Kelsch W. Phasic dopamine reinforces distinct striatal stimulus encoding in the olfactory tubercle driving dopaminergic reward prediction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3460. [PMID: 32651365 PMCID: PMC7351739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The learning of stimulus-outcome associations allows for predictions about the environment. Ventral striatum and dopaminergic midbrain neurons form a larger network for generating reward prediction signals from sensory cues. Yet, the network plasticity mechanisms to generate predictive signals in these distributed circuits have not been entirely clarified. Also, direct evidence of the underlying interregional assembly formation and information transfer is still missing. Here we show that phasic dopamine is sufficient to reinforce the distinctness of stimulus representations in the ventral striatum even in the absence of reward. Upon such reinforcement, striatal stimulus encoding gives rise to interregional assemblies that drive dopaminergic neurons during stimulus-outcome learning. These assemblies dynamically encode the predicted reward value of conditioned stimuli. Together, our data reveal that ventral striatal and midbrain reward networks form a reinforcing loop to generate reward prediction coding. It is not entirely understood how network plasticity produces the coding of predicted value during stimulus-outcome learning. Here, the authors reveal a reinforcing loop in distributed limbic circuits, transforming sensory stimuli into reward prediction coding broadcasted by dopamine neurons to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Lennart Oettl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.,Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, London, W1T 4JG, UK
| | - Max Scheller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carla Filosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wieland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Franziska Haag
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cathrin Loeb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Durstewitz
- Department of Theoretical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roman Shusterman
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Department of Theoretical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Kelsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Tapia CM, Folorunso O, Singh AK, McDonough K, Laezza F. Effects of Deltamethrin Acute Exposure on Nav1.6 Channels and Medium Spiny Neurons of the Nucleus Accumbens. Toxicology 2020; 440:152488. [PMID: 32387285 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to pyrethroids, a popular insecticide class that targets voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels, has been correlated to an increase in diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), in children. Dysregulation of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) firing in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is thought to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. The Nav1.6 channel is the primary molecular determinant of MSN firing and is sensitive to modification by pyrethroids. Building on previous studies demonstrating that deltamethrin (DM), a commonly used pyrethroid, leads to use-dependent enhancement of sodium currents, we characterized the effect of the toxin on long-term inactivation (LTI) of the Nav1.6 channel, a parameter known to affect neuronal firing, and characterized changes in MSN intrinsic excitability. We employed whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology to measure sodium currents in HEK-293 cells stably expressing Nav1.6 channels and intrinsic excitability of MSNs in the brain slice preparation. We found that in response to repetitive stimulation acute exposure to 10 μM DM potentiated a build-up of residual sodium currents and modified availability of Nav1.6 by inducing LTI. In the NAc, DM modified MSN intrinsic excitability increasing evoked action potential firing frequency and inducing aberrant action potentials with low amplitude and depolarized voltage threshold, phenotypes that could be explained by DM induced changes on the Nav1.6 channel. These results provide a potential initial mechanism of toxicity of DM that could lead to disruption of the NAc circuitry overtime, increasing the risk of ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Tapia
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA; NIEHS Enviornmental Toxicology Training Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Oluwarotimi Folorunso
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Aditya K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Kathleen McDonough
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA.
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40
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van Swieten MMH, Bogacz R. Modeling the effects of motivation on choice and learning in the basal ganglia. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007465. [PMID: 32453725 PMCID: PMC7274475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Decision making relies on adequately evaluating the consequences of actions on the basis of past experience and the current physiological state. A key role in this process is played by the basal ganglia, where neural activity and plasticity are modulated by dopaminergic input from the midbrain. Internal physiological factors, such as hunger, scale signals encoded by dopaminergic neurons and thus they alter the motivation for taking actions and learning. However, to our knowledge, no formal mathematical formulation exists for how a physiological state affects learning and action selection in the basal ganglia. We developed a framework for modelling the effect of motivation on choice and learning. The framework defines the motivation to obtain a particular resource as the difference between the desired and the current level of this resource, and proposes how the utility of reinforcements depends on the motivation. To account for dopaminergic activity previously recorded in different physiological states, the paper argues that the prediction error encoded in the dopaminergic activity needs to be redefined as the difference between utility and expected utility, which depends on both the objective reinforcement and the motivation. We also demonstrate a possible mechanism by which the evaluation and learning of utility of actions can be implemented in the basal ganglia network. The presented theory brings together models of learning in the basal ganglia with the incentive salience theory in a single simple framework, and it provides a mechanistic insight into how decision processes and learning in the basal ganglia are modulated by the motivation. Moreover, this theory is also consistent with data on neural underpinnings of overeating and obesity, and makes further experimental predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafal Bogacz
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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41
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Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine is required for the reinforcement of actions by rewarding stimuli1. Neuroscientists have tried to define dopamine’s functions in concise conceptual terms2, but the practical significance of dopamine release depends on its diverse brain-wide consequences. Although the molecular and cellular effects of dopaminergic signaling have been extensively studied3, its impact on larger-scale neural activity profiles is less understood. Here we combine dynamic dopamine-sensitive molecular imaging4 and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine how striatal dopamine release shapes local and global responses to rewarding stimulation in the rodent brain. We find that dopamine consistently alters the duration but not the magnitude of stimulus responses across much of striatum, via quantifiable postsynaptic effects that vary across subregions. Striatal dopamine release also potentiates a network of distal responses we delineate using neurochemically-dependent functional connectivity analyses. Hot spots of dopaminergic drive notably include cortical regions associated with both limbic and motor function. Our results thus reveal distinct neuromodulatory actions of striatal dopamine that extend well beyond its sites of peak release, and that result in enhanced activation of remote neural populations necessary for performance of motivated actions. Our findings also suggest brain-wide biomarkers of dopaminergic function and could provide a basis for improved interpretation of neuroimaging results relevant to learning and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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42
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Abstract
Motor control in the striatum is an orchestra played by various neuronal populations. Loss of harmony due to dopamine deficiency is considered the primary pathological cause of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent progress in experimental approaches has enabled us to examine the striatal circuitry in a much more comprehensive manner, not only reshaping our understanding of striatal functions in movement regulation but also leading to new opportunities for the development of therapeutic strategies for treating PD. In addition to dopaminergic innervation, giant aspiny cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) within the striatum have long been recognized as a critical node for balancing dopamine signaling and regulating movement. With the roles of ChIs in motor control further uncovered and more specific manipulations available, striatal ChIs and their corresponding receptors are emerging as new promising therapeutic targets for PD. This review summarizes recent progress in functional studies of striatal circuitry and discusses the translational implications of these new findings for the treatment of PD.
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Hikida T, Yao S, Macpherson T, Fukakusa A, Morita M, Kimura H, Hirai K, Ando T, Toyoshiba H, Sawa A. Nucleus accumbens pathways control cell-specific gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1838. [PMID: 32020036 PMCID: PMC7000772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a critical component of a cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop regulating limbic and cognitive functions. Within this circuit, two distinct nucleus accumbens (NAc) output neuron types, dopamine D1 or D2 receptor-expressing neurons, dynamically control the flow of information through basal ganglia nuclei that eventually project back to the mPFC to complete the loop. Thus, chronic dysfunction of the NAc may result in mPFC transcriptomal changes, which in turn contribute to disease conditions associated with the mPFC and basal ganglia. Here, we used RNA sequencing to analyse differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the mPFC following a reversible neurotransmission blocking technique in D1 or D2 receptor-expressing NAc neurons, respectively (D1-RNB, or D2-RNB). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed that gene sets of layer 5b and 6 pyramidal neurons were enriched in DEGs of the mPFC downregulated in both NAc D1- and D2-RNB mice. In contrast, gene sets of layer 5a pyramidal neurons were enriched in upregulated DEGs of the mPFC in D1-RNB mice, and downregulated DEGs of the mPFC in D2-RNB mice. These findings reveal for the first time that NAc output pathways play an important role in controlling mPFC gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Hikida
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Shuhei Yao
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tom Macpherson
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ayumi Fukakusa
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Makiko Morita
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Haruhide Kimura
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hirai
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ando
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Toyoshiba
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Sawa
- Departments of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Departments of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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Weitz AJ, Lee HJ, Choy M, Lee JH. Thalamic Input to Orbitofrontal Cortex Drives Brain-wide, Frequency-Dependent Inhibition Mediated by GABA and Zona Incerta. Neuron 2019; 104:1153-1167.e4. [PMID: 31668484 PMCID: PMC8720842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Anatomical and behavioral data suggest that the ventrolateral orbitofrontal cortex (VLO), which exhibits extensive connectivity and supports diverse sensory and cognitive processes, may exert global influence over brain activity. However, this hypothesis has never been tested directly. We applied optogenetic fMRI to drive various elements of VLO circuitry while visualizing the whole-brain response. Surprisingly, driving excitatory thalamocortical projections to VLO at low frequencies (5-10 Hz) evoked widespread, bilateral decreases in brain activity spanning multiple cortical and subcortical structures. This pattern was unique to thalamocortical projections, with direct stimulations of neither VLO nor thalamus eliciting such a response. High-frequency stimulations (25-40 Hz) of thalamocortical projections evoked dramatically different-though still far-reaching-responses, in the form of widespread ipsilateral activation. Importantly, decreases in brain activity evoked by low-frequency thalamocortical input were mediated by GABA and activity in zona incerta. These findings identify specific circuit mechanisms underlying VLO control of brain-wide neural activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Weitz
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - ManKin Choy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jin Hyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA.
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45
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Bergstrom HC, Lipkin AM, Lieberman AG, Pinard CR, Gunduz-Cinar O, Brockway ET, Taylor WW, Nonaka M, Bukalo O, Wills TA, Rubio FJ, Li X, Pickens CL, Winder DG, Holmes A. Dorsolateral Striatum Engagement Interferes with Early Discrimination Learning. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2264-2272. [PMID: 29791838 PMCID: PMC6015733 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In current models, learning the relationship between environmental stimuli and the outcomes of actions involves both stimulus-driven and goal-directed systems, mediated in part by the DLS and DMS, respectively. However, though these models emphasize the importance of the DLS in governing actions after extensive experience has accumulated, there is growing evidence of DLS engagement from the onset of training. Here, we used in vivo photosilencing to reveal that DLS recruitment interferes with early touchscreen discrimination learning. We also show that the direct output pathway of the DLS is preferentially recruited and causally involved in early learning and find that silencing the normal contribution of the DLS produces plasticity-related alterations in a PL-DMS circuit. These data provide further evidence suggesting that the DLS is recruited in the construction of stimulus-elicited actions that ultimately automate behavior and liberate cognitive resources for other demands, but with a cost to performance at the outset of learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadley C Bergstrom
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Anna M Lipkin
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abby G Lieberman
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Courtney R Pinard
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ozge Gunduz-Cinar
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emma T Brockway
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William W Taylor
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mio Nonaka
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olena Bukalo
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany A Wills
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - F Javier Rubio
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xuan Li
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles L Pickens
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danny G Winder
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex, multi-system neurodegenerative disorder. The second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease, it affects approximately 1% of adults over age 60. Diagnosis follows the development of one or more of the core motor features of the disease, including tremor, slowing of movement (bradykinesia), and rigidity. However, there are numerous other motor and nonmotor disease manifestations. Many PD symptoms result directly from neurodegeneration; others are driven by aberrant activity patterns in surviving neurons. This latter phenomenon, PD circuit dysfunction, is an area of intense study, as it likely underlies our ability to treat many disease symptoms in the face of (currently) irreversible neurodegeneration. This Review will discuss key clinical features of PD and their basis in neural circuit dysfunction. We will first review important disease symptoms and some of the responsible neuropathology. We will then describe the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit, the major locus of PD-related circuit dysfunction, and some of the models that have influenced its study. We will review PD-related changes in network activity, subdividing findings into those that touch on the rate, rhythm, or synchronization of neurons. Finally, we suggest some critical remaining questions for the field and areas for new developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M McGregor
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexandra B Nelson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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47
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Aoki S, Smith JB, Li H, Yan X, Igarashi M, Coulon P, Wickens JR, Ruigrok TJH, Jin X. An open cortico-basal ganglia loop allows limbic control over motor output via the nigrothalamic pathway. eLife 2019; 8:e49995. [PMID: 31490123 PMCID: PMC6731092 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops are largely conceived as parallel circuits that process limbic, associative, and sensorimotor information separately. Whether and how these functionally distinct loops interact remains unclear. Combining genetic and viral approaches, we systemically mapped the limbic and motor cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops in rodents. Despite largely closed loops within each functional domain, we discovered a unidirectional influence of the limbic over the motor loop via ventral striatum-substantia nigra (SNr)-motor thalamus circuitry. Slice electrophysiology verifies that the projection from ventral striatum functionally inhibits nigro-thalamic SNr neurons. In vivo optogenetic stimulation of ventral or dorsolateral striatum to SNr pathway modulates activity in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and motor cortex (M1), respectively. However, whereas the dorsolateral striatum-SNr pathway exerts little impact on mPFC, activation of the ventral striatum-SNr pathway effectively alters M1 activity. These results demonstrate an open cortico-basal ganglia loop whereby limbic information could modulate motor output through ventral striatum control of M1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Aoki
- Molecular Neurobiology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
- Neurobiology Research UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and TechnologyOkinawaJapan
- Department of NeuroscienceErasmus Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
- Japan Society for the Promotion of SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Jared B Smith
- Molecular Neurobiology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Hao Li
- Molecular Neurobiology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Xunyi Yan
- Molecular Neurobiology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Masakazu Igarashi
- Neurobiology Research UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and TechnologyOkinawaJapan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Patrice Coulon
- Institut des Neurosciences de la TimoneCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| | - Jeffery R Wickens
- Neurobiology Research UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and TechnologyOkinawaJapan
| | - Tom JH Ruigrok
- Department of NeuroscienceErasmus Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Xin Jin
- Molecular Neurobiology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
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48
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Macé É, Montaldo G, Trenholm S, Cowan C, Brignall A, Urban A, Roska B. Whole-Brain Functional Ultrasound Imaging Reveals Brain Modules for Visuomotor Integration. Neuron 2018; 100:1241-1251.e7. [PMID: 30521779 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Large numbers of brain regions are active during behaviors. A high-resolution, brain-wide activity map could identify brain regions involved in specific behaviors. We have developed functional ultrasound imaging to record whole-brain activity in behaving mice at a resolution of ∼100 μm. We detected 87 active brain regions during visual stimulation that evoked the optokinetic reflex, a visuomotor behavior that stabilizes the gaze both horizontally and vertically. Using a genetic mouse model of congenital nystagmus incapable of generating the horizontal reflex, we identified a subset of regions whose activity was reflex dependent. By blocking eye motion in control animals, we further separated regions whose activity depended on the reflex’s motor output. Remarkably, all reflex-dependent but eye motion-independent regions were located in the thalamus. Our work identifies functional modules of brain regions involved in sensorimotor integration and provides an experimental approach to monitor whole-brain activity of mice in normal and disease states. Functional ultrasound enables imaging whole-brain activity during mouse behavior Activity in 87 brain regions are modulated during the optokinetic reflex Reflex-related regions were identified by perturbing retinal direction selectivity A subset of these regions, all in the thalamus, are independent of eye motion
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49
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Ribot B, Aupy J, Vidailhet M, Mazère J, Pisani A, Bezard E, Guehl D, Burbaud P. Dystonia and dopamine: From phenomenology to pathophysiology. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 182:101678. [PMID: 31404592 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A line of evidence suggests that the pathophysiology of dystonia involves the striatum, whose activity is modulated among other neurotransmitters, by the dopaminergic system. However, the link between dystonia and dopamine appears complex and remains unclear. Here, we propose a physiological approach to investigate the clinical and experimental data supporting a role of the dopaminergic system in the pathophysiology of dystonic syndromes. Because dystonia is a disorder of motor routines, we first focus on the role of dopamine and striatum in procedural learning. Second, we consider the phenomenology of dystonia from every angle in order to search for features giving food for thought regarding the pathophysiology of the disorder. Then, for each dystonic phenotype, we review, when available, the experimental and imaging data supporting a connection with the dopaminergic system. Finally, we propose a putative model in which the different phenotypes could be explained by changes in the balance between the direct and indirect striato-pallidal pathways, a process critically controlled by the level of dopamine within the striatum. Search strategy and selection criteria References for this article were identified through searches in PubMed with the search terms « dystonia », « dopamine", « striatum », « basal ganglia », « imaging data », « animal model », « procedural learning », « pathophysiology », and « plasticity » from 1998 until 2018. Articles were also identified through searches of the authors' own files. Only selected papers published in English were reviewed. The final reference list was generated on the basis of originality and relevance to the broad scope of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Ribot
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérome Aupy
- Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital Pellegrin, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- AP-HP, Department of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière UPMC Univ Paris 6 UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Joachim Mazère
- Université de Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Service de médecine nucléaire, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Neuroscience, University "Tor Vergata'', Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, Fondazione Santa Lucia I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Dominique Guehl
- Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital Pellegrin, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Burbaud
- Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital Pellegrin, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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50
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Abstract
The striatum is critically involved in value-based decision making. However, it is unclear how striatal direct and indirect pathways work together to make optimal choices in a dynamic and uncertain environment. Here, we examined the effects of selectively inactivating D1 receptor (D1R)- or D2 receptor (D2R)-expressing dorsal striatal neurons (corresponding to direct- and indirect-pathway neurons, respectively) on mouse choice behavior in a reversal task with progressively increasing reversal frequency and a dynamic two-armed bandit task. Inactivation of either D1R- or D2R-expressing striatal neurons impaired performance in both tasks, but the pattern of altered choice behavior differed between the two animal groups. A reinforcement learning model-based analysis indicated that inactivation of D1R- and D2R-expressing striatal neurons selectively impairs value-dependent action selection and value learning, respectively. Our results suggest differential contributions of striatal direct and indirect pathways to two distinct steps in value-based decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinae Kwak
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Whan Jung
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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