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Wang M, Yao SQ, Huang Y, Liang JJ, Xu Y, Chen S, Wang Y, Ng TK, Chu WK, Cui Q, Cen LP. Casein kinase-2 inhibition promotes retinal ganglion cell survival after acute intraocular pressure elevation. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1112-1118. [PMID: 37862216 PMCID: PMC10749609 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraocular pressure elevation can induce retinal ganglion cell death and is a clinically reversible risk factor for glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness. We previously demonstrated that casein kinase-2 inhibition can promote retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal regeneration in rats after optic nerve injury. To investigate the underlying mechanism, in the current study we increased the intraocular pressure of adult rats to 75 mmHg for 2 hours and then administered a casein kinase-2 inhibitor (4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole or 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole) by intravitreal injection. We found that intravitreal injection of 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole or 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole promoted retinal ganglion cell survival and reduced the number of infiltrating macrophages. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway was involved in the response to intraocular pressure elevation but was not modulated by the casein kinase-2 inhibitors. Furthermore, casein kinase-2 inhibition downregulated the expression of genes (Cck, Htrsa, Nef1, Htrlb, Prph, Chat, Slc18a3, Slc5a7, Scn1b, Crybb2, Tsga10ip, and Vstm21) involved in intraocular pressure elevation. Our data indicate that inhibition of casein kinase-2 can enhance retinal ganglion cell survival in rats after acute intraocular pressure elevation via macrophage inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Qi Yao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shaowan Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Qi Cui
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ling-Ping Cen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
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Ye Z, Li X, Zheng D, Pei S, Cheng P, Zhang L, Zhu L. Intravitreally Injected Methylene Blue Protects Retina against Acute Ocular Hypertension in Rats. Curr Eye Res 2021; 47:91-101. [PMID: 34165383 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1948062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the neuroprotective effects of methylene blue (MB) in a rat model of acute ocular hypertension (AOH) and explore its possible mechanisms.Methods: Our AOH rat model was obtained with anterior chamber perfusion for 60 min. After that, 100 μM MB was injected into the vitreous cavity immediately after injury. Electroretinogram, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and retina morphology examination were utilized to quantify retinal damage before surgery, as well as 7, 14 and 28 days after. The average number of surviving retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was counted after fluorescent retrograde labelling with 4% DiI. And TUNEL assay was used to investigate retinal cell apoptosis at 24 hours after AOH. Nrf2 and BACE1 in the retina were determined by RT-qPCR analysis.Results: AOH did produce a severe degeneration effect on the whole retinal layer. Intravitreally injected MB maintained certain retinal thickness after AOH, reduced the destruction of electroretinograms, and enhanced RGCs survival. The average number of TUNEL-labelled cells statistically reduced in the MB-treated retina tissue compared with retina treated with normal saline. The relative mRNA level of Nrf2 was also much higher in the MB-treated retinas after AOH, and the expression of BACE1 had a decline in the AOH + MB group.Conclusions: MB can protect the retina from AOH injury and the possible mechanism might involve the inhibition of BACE1 expression and the activation of Nrf2 antioxidant pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ye
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongliang Zheng
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuaili Pei
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pei Cheng
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lishu Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Xu K, Li S, Yang Q, Zhou Z, Fu M, Yang X, Hao K, Liu Y, Ji H. MicroRNA-145-5p targeting of TRIM2 mediates the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in glaucoma. J Gene Med 2021; 23:e3378. [PMID: 34291866 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is accumulating evidence to suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with the progressive optic neuropathy including glaucoma. Apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is a hallmark of glaucoma. The present study focused on the effects of miR-145-5p on RGC apoptosis in glaucoma. METHODS We established a glaucoma rat model by intraocular injection of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA). RGCs were isolated from newborn rats and treated with NMDA. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to detect morphological changes in the retinas of rats. The expression of miR-145-5p and tripartite motif-containing 2 (TRIM2) in RGCs was measured by RT-qPCR. The viability of RGCs was measured by MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis and TUNEL assays were conducted to assess the apoptosis of RGCs. The interaction between miR-145-5p and TRIM2 was investigated using a luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Rats injected with NMDA showed a thinner ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) as well as increased expression of miR-145-5p. Silencing of miR-145-5p significantly increased the GCL and IPL in the glaucoma rat model. Moreover, miR-145-5p expression was upregulated in RGCs ex vivo in response to NMDA. Silencing of miR-145-5p promoted cell viability and suppressed apoptosis in NMDA-treated RGCs. Mechanistically, miR-145-5p targeted the TRIM2 3' untranslated region to suppress its expression. TRIM2 was upregulated in NMDA-treated RGCs and protected RGCs against NMDA-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-145-5p suppressed the PI3K/AKT pathway by downregulating TRIM2 in NMDA-treated RGCs. CONCLUSIONS Suppression of miR-145-5p inhibited the apoptosis of RGCs via TRIM2-mediated activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in NMDA-induced glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sizhen Li
- Department of Nanjing Tongren Eye Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- Department of Nanjing Tongren Eye Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zixiu Zhou
- Department of Nanjing Tongren Eye Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Nanjing Tongren Eye Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Nanjing Tongren Eye Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuanxiao Hao
- Department of Nanjing Tongren Eye Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Department of Nanjing Tongren Eye Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heqing Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Kokona D, Spyridakos D, Tzatzarakis M, Papadogkonaki S, Filidou E, Arvanitidis KI, Kolios G, Lamani M, Makriyannis A, Malamas MS, Thermos K. The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol and dual ABHD6/MAGL enzyme inhibitors display neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory actions in the in vivo retinal model of AMPA excitotoxicity. Neuropharmacology 2021; 185:108450. [PMID: 33450278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system has been shown to be a putative therapeutic target for retinal disease. Here, we aimed to investigate the ability of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and novel inhibitors of its metabolic enzymes, α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), a) to protect the retina against excitotoxicity and b) the mechanisms involved in the neuroprotection. Sprague-Dawley rats, wild type and Akt2-/- C57BL/6 mice were intravitreally administered with phosphate-buffered saline or (RS)-α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid hydrobromide (AMPA). 2-AG was intravitreally co-administered with AMPA in the absence and presence of AM251 or AM630 (cannabinoid 1 and 2 receptor antagonists, respectively) or Wortmannin [Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitor]. Inhibitors of ABHD6 and dual ABHD6/MAGL (AM12100 and AM11920, respectively) were co-administered with AMPA intravitreally in rats. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies raised against retinal neuronal markers (bNOS), microglia (Iba1) and macroglia (GFAP). TUNEL assay and real-time PCR were also employed. The CB2 receptor was expressed in rat retina (approx. 62% of CB1 expression). 2-AG attenuated the AMPA-induced increase in TUNEL+ cells. 2-AG activation of both CB1 and CB2 receptors and the PI3K/Akt downstream signaling pathway, as substantiated by the use of Akt2-/- mice, afforded neuroprotection against AMPA excitotoxicity. AM12100 and AM11920 attenuated the AMPA-induced glia activation and produced a dose-dependent partial neuroprotection, with the dual inhibitor AM11920 being more efficacious. These results show that 2-AG has the pharmacological profile of a putative therapeutic for retinal diseases characterized by neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, when administered exogenously or by the inhibition of its metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Kokona
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 71003, Greece.
| | - Dimitris Spyridakos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 71003, Greece.
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 71003, Greece.
| | - Sofia Papadogkonaki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 71003, Greece.
| | - Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos I Arvanitidis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece.
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece.
| | - Manjunath Lamani
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Michael S Malamas
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Kyriaki Thermos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 71003, Greece.
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Bao Y, Liu F, Liu X, Huang M, He L, Ramakrishna S, Luo H, Hu H, Li H, Xu Y. Methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate protects retina in a mouse model of acute ocular hypertension through multiple pathways. Exp Eye Res 2019; 181:15-24. [PMID: 30633922 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Methyl 3,4 dihydroxybenzoate (MDHB) is a small molecule that shows neuroprotective effects in vitro and in a photoreceptor-degenerative mouse model. Here we investigated whether MDHB protects retina in a mouse model of acute ocular hypertension (AOH) and explores the underlying mechanisms. AOH was induced in mice by increasing intraocular pressure to approximately 90 mmHg for 60 min, then MDHB or vehicle was intraperitoneally injected daily up to 7 days. Immunostaining and multi-electrode array recordings were performed to examine the structure and function of retinas receiving the treatments. Western-blotting was applied to test the expression of several proteins related to oxidative stress and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-initiated signaling. Results showed that AOH injury reduced the number of Brn3a-stained retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and ChAT-amacrine cells; thinned the inner retinal layers and induced apoptosis. Physiologically, AOH decreased the response of OFF and ON-OFF RGCs. All of these changes were reversed by MDHB-treatment. Mechanistically, MDHB appeared to work on three parallel pathways: (1) MDHB decreased the production of reactive oxygen species, the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and cytosol heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1); (2) It upregulated the expression of BDNF and its receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), and activated the downstream AKT pathways; (3) It inhibited reactive gliosis by reducing GFAP and Iba-1 expression. Thus our results suggest that MDHB protects retina against AOH injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, activating the BDNF/AKT signaling and inhibiting inflammatory pathways. Therefore, MDHB may serve as a promising candidate to treat retinal ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Bao
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Mi Huang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liumin He
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Huanmin Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Hongying Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China.
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Drewry MD, Challa P, Kuchtey JG, Navarro I, Helwa I, Hu Y, Mu H, Stamer WD, Kuchtey RW, Liu Y. Differentially expressed microRNAs in the aqueous humor of patients with exfoliation glaucoma or primary open-angle glaucoma. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:1263-1275. [PMID: 29401312 PMCID: PMC6048986 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) have been linked to decreased conventional outflow of aqueous humor (AH). To better understand the molecular changes in the AH content under such conditions, we analyzed the miRNA profiles of AH samples from patients with POAG and XFG compared to non-glaucoma controls. Individual AH samples (n = 76) were collected from POAG and XFG patients and age-matched controls during surgical procedure. After RNA extraction, the miRNA profiles were individually determined in 12 POAG, 12 XFG and 11 control samples. We identified 205, 295 and 195 miRNAs in the POAG, XFG and control samples, respectively. Our differential expression analysis identified three miRNAs (miR-125b-5p, miR-302d-3p and miR-451a) significantly different between POAG and controls, five miRNAs (miR-122-5p, miR-3144-3p, miR-320a, miR-320e and miR-630) between XFG and controls and one miRNA (miR-302d-3p) between POAG and XFG. While none of these miRNAs have been previously linked to glaucoma, miR-122-5p may target three glaucoma-associated genes: OPTN, TMCO1 and TGF-ß1. Pathway analysis revealed that these miRNAs are involved in potential glaucoma pathways, including focal adhesion, tight junctions, and TGF-ß signaling. Comparison of the miRNA profile in AH to unrelated human serum (n = 12) exposed potential relationships between these two fluids, although they were not significantly correlated. In summary, we have successfully profiled the miRNA expression without amplification in individual human AH samples and identified several POAG or XFG-associated miRNAs. These miRNAs may play a role in pathways previously implicated in glaucoma and act as biomarkers for disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Drewry
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Pratap Challa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John G Kuchtey
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Iris Navarro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Inas Helwa
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yanzhong Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Henan University School of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Hongmei Mu
- Kaifeng Key Lab of Cataract and Myopia, Institute of Eye Diseases, Kaifeng Centre Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rachel W Kuchtey
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Akbari G, Ali Mard S, Veisi A. A comprehensive review on regulatory effects of crocin on ischemia/reperfusion injury in multiple organs. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:664-670. [PMID: 29710463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury affects o2-dependent organs including liver, kidneys, heart, brain, and intestine. I/R injury is described as the cellular injury in an organ caused by ischemia and then further aggravated during the reperfusion due to intracellular alterations. It is a process that happens in clinical settings such as organ transplantation, reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy, and coronary angioplasty. Crocus sativus L. known as saffron used in folk medicine for its beneficial effects. It contains multiple bioactive compounds including the crocin, crocetin, picrocrocin, and safranal. Crocin, a water-soluble carotenoid has antitumor, radical scavenging, anti hyperlipidemia and memory improving effects. Moreover, crocin has antioxidant, and protective effects on I/R models in rats at various organs such as heart, brain, kidney, stomach, liver, and kidney as described in detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaidafeh Akbari
- Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran; Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System [Alimentary Tract Research Center], Physiology Research Center (PRC), Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System [Alimentary Tract Research Center], Physiology Research Center (PRC), Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Veisi
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
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Wu J, Wang R, Yang D, Tang W, Chen Z, Sun Q, Liu L, Zang R. Hydrogen postconditioning promotes survival of rat retinal ganglion cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:2462-2468. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang J, Valiente-Soriano FJ, Nadal-Nicolás FM, Rovere G, Chen S, Huang W, Agudo-Barriuso M, Jonas JB, Vidal-Sanz M, Zhang X. MicroRNA regulation in an animal model of acute ocular hypertension. Acta Ophthalmol 2017; 95:e10-e21. [PMID: 27535721 PMCID: PMC6213559 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To analyse miRNA regulation in a rat model of acute ocular hypertension (AOH). Methods Acute ocular hypertension (AOH) was induced in the left eye of adult albino rats by inserting a cannula connected with a saline container into the anterior chamber. The contralateral eye served as a control. Seven days later, animals were killed. Retinas were used either for quantitative analysis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and microglial cells or for miRNA array hybridization, qRT‐PCR and Western blotting. Results Anatomically, AOH caused axonal degeneration, a significant loss of RGCs and a significant increase in microglial cells in the ganglion cell layer. The miRNAs microarray analysis revealed 31 differentially expressed miRNAs in the AOH versus control group, and the regulation of 12 selected microRNAs was further confirmed by qRT‐PCR. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that several signalling pathways are putatively regulated by the validated miRNAs. Of particular interest was the inflammatory pathway signalled by mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In agreement with the in silico analysis, p38 MAP kinase, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and iNOS proteins were significantly upregulated in the AOH retinas. Conclusions Acute IOP elevation led to changes in the expression of miRNAs, whose target genes were associated with the regulation of microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation or neural apoptosis. Addressing miRNAs in the process of retinal ischaemia and optic nerve damage in association with high IOP elevation may open new avenues in preventing retinal ganglion cell apoptosis and may serve as target for future therapeutic regimen in acute ocular hypertension and retinal ischaemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
- Eye Center of Shandong University; The Second Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Francisco J. Valiente-Soriano
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Murcia and Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research-Hospital Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca); Murcia Spain
| | - Francisco M. Nadal-Nicolás
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Murcia and Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research-Hospital Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca); Murcia Spain
| | - Giuseppe Rovere
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Murcia and Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research-Hospital Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca); Murcia Spain
| | - Shida Chen
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Marta Agudo-Barriuso
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Murcia and Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research-Hospital Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca); Murcia Spain
| | - Jost B. Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology; Medical Faculty Mannheim; Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Murcia and Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research-Hospital Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca); Murcia Spain
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
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Nucci C, Russo R, Martucci A, Giannini C, Garaci F, Floris R, Bagetta G, Morrone LA. New strategies for neuroprotection in glaucoma, a disease that affects the central nervous system. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 787:119-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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11
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Yang X, Hondur G, Li M, Cai J, Klein JB, Kuehn MH, Tezel G. Proteomics Analysis of Molecular Risk Factors in the Ocular Hypertensive Human Retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:5816-30. [PMID: 26348630 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To better understand ocular hypertension-induced early molecular alterations that may determine the initiation of neurodegeneration in human glaucoma, this study analyzed retinal proteomic alterations in the ocular hypertensive human retina. METHODS Retina samples were obtained from six human donors with ocular hypertension (without glaucomatous injury) and six age- and sex-matched normotensive controls. Retinal proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography and linear ion trap mass spectrometry) using oxygen isotope labeling for relative quantification of protein expression. Proteomics data were validated by Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of selected proteins. RESULTS Out of over 2000 retinal proteins quantified, hundreds exhibited over 2-fold increased or decreased expression in ocular hypertensive samples relative to normotensive controls. Bioinformatics linked the proteomics datasets to various pathways important for maintenance of cellular homeostasis in the ocular hypertensive retina. Upregulated proteins included various heat shock proteins, ubiquitin proteasome pathway components, antioxidants, and DNA repair enzymes, while many proteins involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation exhibited downregulation in the ocular hypertensive retina. Despite the altered protein expression reflecting intrinsic adaptive/protective responses against mitochondrial energy failure, oxidative stress, and unfolded proteins, no alterations suggestive of an ongoing cell death process or neuroinflammation were detectable. CONCLUSIONS This study provides information about ocular hypertension-related molecular risk factors for glaucoma development. Molecular alterations detected in the ocular hypertensive human retina as opposed to previously detected alterations in human donor retinas with clinically manifest glaucoma suggest that proteome alterations determine the individual threshold to tolerate the ocular hypertension-induced tissue stress or convert to glaucomatous neurodegeneration when intrinsic adaptive/protective responses are overwhelmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Gözde Hondur
- Department of Ophthalmology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Jon B Klein
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States 3Robley Rex Veterans Administration Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Markus H Kuehn
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Gülgün Tezel
- Department of Ophthalmology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
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Ueda K, Nakahara T, Akanuma K, Mori A, Sakamoto K, Ishii K. Differential effects of LY294002 and wortmannin on neurons and vascular endothelial cells in the rat retina. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:854-62. [PMID: 24145079 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal damage leads to capillary degeneration in an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal degeneration model; however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway has been recognized as an intracellular pro-survival signaling system. Therefore, we used the PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin to investigate the role of this pathway in neuronal and blood vessel injury in the rat retina treated with NMDA. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-240 g were used in this study. NMDA combined with LY294002, wortmannin, or vehicle was administered intravitreally, and histological evaluation was performed at 2 and 7 days after injection. The effects of LY294002 or wortmannin alone were also evaluated. RESULTS The number of cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) was significantly reduced at 2 and 7 days after intravitreal injection of NMDA, whereas enhanced capillary degeneration was observed at 7 days. Simultaneous injection of LY294002 with NMDA significantly attenuated NMDA-induced retinal cell loss and capillary degeneration at 7 days. However, simultaneous injection of wortmannin with NMDA did not affect cell loss, but enhanced capillary degeneration. Treatment with LY294002 alone showed no effect on neuronal or vascular cells, whereas wortmannin induced capillary degeneration without significantly affecting the cell number in the GCL. CONCLUSIONS Although both LY294002 and wortmannin are known as PI3K inhibitors, they exhibit differential effects on neurons and vascular endothelial cells in the rat retina. Therefore, the results obtained using these inhibitors should be carefully interpreted. However, our finding that LY294002 was protective against NMDA-induced retinal damage suggests that this compound may be an effective candidate for preventing the development of retinal diseases associated with glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Ueda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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Qi Y, Chen L, Zhang L, Liu WB, Chen XY, Yang XG. Crocin prevents retinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury-induced apoptosis in retinal ganglion cells through the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Exp Eye Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The phosphoinositide (PI) cycle, discovered over 50 years ago by Mabel and Lowell Hokin, describes a series of biochemical reactions that occur on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane of cells in response to receptor activation by extracellular stimuli. Studies from our laboratory have shown that the retina and rod outer segments (ROSs) have active PI metabolism. Biochemical studies revealed that the ROSs contain the enzymes necessary for phosphorylation of phosphoinositides. We showed that light stimulates various components of the PI cycle in the vertebrate ROS, including diacylglycerol kinase, PI synthetase, phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase, phospholipase C, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). This article describes recent studies on the PI3K-generated PI lipid second messengers in the control and regulation of PI-binding proteins in the vertebrate retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju V S Rajala
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, and Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. r
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15
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Abstract
Following injury to the nervous system, the activation of macrophages, microglia, and T-cells profoundly affects the ability of neurons to survive and to regenerate damaged axons. The primary visual pathway provides a well-defined model system for investigating the interactions between the immune system and the nervous system after neural injury. Following damage to the optic nerve in mice and rats, retinal ganglion cells, the projection neurons of the eye, normally fail to regenerate their axons and soon begin to die. Induction of an inflammatory response in the vitreous strongly enhances the survival of retinal ganglion cells and enables these cells to regenerate lengthy axons beyond the injury site. T cells modulate this response, whereas microglia are thought to contribute to the loss of retinal ganglion cells in this model and in certain ocular diseases. This review discusses the complex and sometimes paradoxical actions of blood-borne macrophages, resident microglia, and T-cells in determining the outcome of injury in the primary visual pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 147K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China.
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Dreixler JC, Hemmert JW, Shenoy SK, Shen Y, Lee HT, Shaikh AR, Rosenbaum DM, Roth S. The role of Akt/protein kinase B subtypes in retinal ischemic preconditioning. Exp Eye Res 2008; 88:512-21. [PMID: 19084003 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Potent endogenous protection from ischemia can be induced in the retina by ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Protein kinase B/Akt is a cellular survival factor. We hypothesized that Akt was integral to IPC based upon differential effects of Akt subtypes. Rats were subjected to retinal ischemia after IPC or IPC-mimicking by the opening of mitochondrial KATP (mKATP) channels. The effects of blocking Akt using wortmannin, API-2, or small interfering RNA (siRNA) were examined. Electroretinography assessed functional recovery after ischemia, and TUNEL examined retinal ganglion cell apoptosis. We studied the relationship between Akt activation and known initiators of IPC, including adenosine receptor stimulation and the opening of mKATP channels. The PI-3 kinase inhibitor wortmannin 1 or 4 mg/kg (i.p.), the specific Akt inhibitor API-2, 5-500 microM in the vitreous, or intravitreal siRNA directed against Akt2 or -3, but not Akt1, significantly attenuated the neuroprotective effect of IPC. Interfering RNA against any of the three Akt subtypes significantly but time-dependently attenuated mKATP channel opening to mimic IPC. Adenosine A1 receptor blockade (DPCPX), A2a blockade (CSC), or the mKATP channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoic acid significantly attenuated Akt activation after IPC. Interfering RNA directed against Akt subtypes prevented the ameliorative effect of IPC on post-ischemic apoptosis. All three Akt subtypes are involved in functional retinal neuroprotection by IPC or IPC-mimicking. Akt is downstream of adenosine A1 and A2a receptors and mKATP channel opening. The results indicate the presence in the retina of robust and redundant endogenous neuroprotection based upon subtypes of Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Dreixler
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Russo R, Cavaliere F, Berliocchi L, Nucci C, Gliozzi M, Mazzei C, Tassorelli C, Corasaniti MT, Rotiroti D, Bagetta G, Morrone LA. Modulation of pro-survival and death-associated pathways under retinal ischemia/reperfusion: effects of NMDA receptor blockade. J Neurochem 2008; 107:1347-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Huang Y, Li Z, Wang N, van Rooijen N, Cui Q. Roles of PI3K and JAK pathways in viability of retinal ganglion cells after acute elevation of intraocular pressure in rats with different autoimmune backgrounds. BMC Neurosci 2008; 9:78. [PMID: 18691439 PMCID: PMC2533008 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-9-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently showed that whereas inhibition of PI3K/akt or JAK/STAT pathway promoted retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival after optic nerve (ON) injury in Fischer 344 (F344) rats, the same inhibition resulted in aggravated RGC loss after acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in Sprague Dawley (SPD) rats. In addition, the responses of macrophages to ON injury and acute IOP elevation were different between F344 and Lewis rats, i.e., different autoimmune profiles. Using an acute IOP elevation paradigm in this study, we investigated 1) whether autoimmune background influences PI3K/akt and JAK/STAT functions by examining the effect of PI3K/akt and JAK/STAT pathway inhibition on RGC survival in F344 and Lewis rats, and 2) whether differential actions of macrophages occur in PI3K/akt and JAK/STAT pathways-dependent modulation of RGC survival. IOP elevation was performed at 110 mmHg for 2 hours. PI3K/akt and JAK/STAT pathway inhibitors were applied intravitreally to block their respective pathway signaling transduction. Because macrophage invasion was seen in the eye after the pathway inhibition, to examine the role of these pathways independent of macrophages, macrophages in the retina were removed by intravitreal application of clodronate liposomes. Viable RGCs were retrogradely labelled by FluoroGold 40 hours before animal sacrifice. Results Similar to what was previously observed, significantly more RGCs were lost in Lewis than F344 rats 3 weeks after acute IOP elevation. As in SPD rats, inhibition of the PI3K/akt or JAK/STAT pathway increased the loss of RGCs in both F344 and Lewis rats. Removal of macrophages in the eye by clodronate liposomes reduced RGC loss due to pathway inhibition in both strains. Conclusion This study demonstrates that following acute IOP elevation 1) PI3K/akt and JAK/STAT pathways mediate RGC survival in both F344 and Lewis rats, 2) autoimmune responses do not influence the functions of these two pathways, and 3) PI3K/akt and JAK/STAT pathway inhibition-dependent activation of macrophages is detrimental to RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
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Li S, Yau S, Chen B, Tay DK, Lee VWH, Pu M, Chan HHL, So K. Enhanced Survival of Melanopsin-expressing Retinal Ganglion Cells After Injury is Associated with the PI3 K/Akt Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2008; 28:1095-107. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-008-9286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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