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Vega-Riquer JM, Campos-Ordonez T, Galvez-Contreras AY, Gonzalez-Castañeda RE, Gonzalez-Perez O. Phenytoin promotes the proliferation of oligodendrocytes and enhances the expression of myelin basic protein in the corpus callosum of mice demyelinated by cuprizone. Exp Brain Res 2022. [PMID: 35362723 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte loss and myelin sheet destruction are crucial characteristics of demyelinating diseases. Phenytoin promotes the proliferation of endogenous neural precursor cells in the ventricular-subventricular zone in the postnatal brain that help restore the oligodendroglial population. This study aimed to evaluate whether phenytoin promotes myelin recovery of the corpus callosum of demyelinated adult mice. CD1 male mice were exposed to a demyelinating agent (0.2% cuprizone) for 8 weeks. We assembled two groups: the phenytoin-treated group and the control-vehicle group. The treated group received oral phenytoin (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. We quantified the number of Olig2 + and NG2 + oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), Rip + oligodendrocytes, the expression level of myelin basic protein (MBP), and the muscle strength and motor coordination. The oligodendroglial lineage (Olig2 + cells, NG2 + cells, and RIP + cells) significantly increases by the phenytoin administration when compared to the control-vehicle group. The phenytoin-treated group also showed an increased expression of MBP in the corpus callosum and better functional scores in the horizontal bar test. These findings suggest that phenytoin stimulates the proliferation of OPCs, re-establishes the oligodendroglial population, promotes myelin recovery in the corpus callosum, and improves motor coordination and muscle strength.
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Gojo J, Englinger B, Jiang L, Hübner JM, Shaw ML, Hack OA, Madlener S, Kirchhofer D, Liu I, Pyrdol J, Hovestadt V, Mazzola E, Mathewson ND, Trissal M, Lötsch D, Dorfer C, Haberler C, Halfmann A, Mayr L, Peyrl A, Geyeregger R, Schwalm B, Mauermann M, Pajtler KW, Milde T, Shore ME, Geduldig JE, Pelton K, Czech T, Ashenberg O, Wucherpfennig KW, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Alexandrescu S, Ligon KL, Pfister SM, Regev A, Slavc I, Berger W, Suvà ML, Kool M, Filbin MG. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Cellular Hierarchies and Impaired Developmental Trajectories in Pediatric Ependymoma. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:44-59.e9. [PMID: 32663469 PMCID: PMC7479515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ependymoma is a heterogeneous entity of central nervous system tumors with well-established molecular groups. Here, we apply single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze ependymomas across molecular groups and anatomic locations to investigate their intratumoral heterogeneity and developmental origins. Ependymomas are composed of a cellular hierarchy initiating from undifferentiated populations, which undergo impaired differentiation toward three lineages of neuronal-glial fate specification. While prognostically favorable groups of ependymoma predominantly harbor differentiated cells, aggressive groups are enriched for undifferentiated cell populations. The delineated transcriptomic signatures correlate with patient survival and define molecular dependencies for targeted treatment approaches. Taken together, our analyses reveal a developmental hierarchy underlying ependymomas relevant to biological and clinical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gojo
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Englinger
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jens M Hübner
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - McKenzie L Shaw
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Olivia A Hack
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sibylle Madlener
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Kirchhofer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilon Liu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jason Pyrdol
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Volker Hovestadt
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Emanuele Mazzola
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nathan D Mathewson
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Maria Trissal
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniela Lötsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Dorfer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Haberler
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Halfmann
- Clinical Cell Biology, Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Peyrl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rene Geyeregger
- Clinical Cell Biology, Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Schwalm
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monica Mauermann
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristian W Pajtler
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Milde
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marni E Shore
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jack E Geduldig
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kristine Pelton
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Thomas Czech
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Orr Ashenberg
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sanda Alexandrescu
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Irene Slavc
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mariella G Filbin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Jia Y, Li H, Bao H, Zhang D, Feng L, Xiao Y, Zhu K, Hou Y, Luo S, Zhang Y, Xiao L, Chen X, Zhou J, Wang C, Wang G, Yu H, Xiao C, Du J. Cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine) promotes remyelination via suppression of neuroinflammation in a cuprizone-induced mouse model of demyelination. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Costa C, Eixarch H, Martínez-Sáez E, Calvo-Barreiro L, Calucho M, Castro Z, Ortega-Aznar A, Ramón Y Cajal S, Montalban X, Espejo C. Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions. Am J Pathol 2019; 189:665-76. [PMID: 30553833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted proteins that belong to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. In the adult brain, they modulate neurogenesis, favor astrogliogenesis, and inhibit oligodendrogenesis. Because BMPs may be involved in the failure of remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS), we characterized the expression of BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-5, and BMP-7; BMP type II receptor (BMPRII); and phosphorylated SMAD (pSMAD) 1/5/8 in lesions of MS and other demyelinating diseases. A total of 42 MS lesions, 12 acute ischemic lesions, 8 progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy lesions, and 10 central nervous system areas from four nonneuropathological patients were included. Lesions were histologically classified according to the inflammatory activity. The expression of BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-5, BMP-7, BMPRII, and pSMAD1/5/8 was quantified by immunostaining, and colocalization studies were performed. In MS lesions, astrocytes, microglia/macrophages, and neurons expressed BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-5, and BMP-7; BMPRII; and pSMAD1/5/8. Oligodendrocytes expressed BMP-2 and BMP-7 and pSMAD1/5/8. The percentage of cells that expressed BMPs, BMPRII, and pSMAD1/5/8 correlated with the inflammatory activity of MS lesions, and changes in the percentage of positive cells were more relevant in MS than in other white matter-damaging diseases. These data indicate that BMPs are increased in active MS lesions, suggesting a possible role in MS pathogenesis.
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Xie YJ, Zhou L, Wang Y, Jiang NW, Cao S, Shao CY, Wang XT, Li XY, Shen Y, Zhou L. Leucine-Rich Glioma Inactivated 1 Promotes Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Myelination via TSC-mTOR Signaling. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:231. [PMID: 30034322 PMCID: PMC6043672 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (Lgi1), a putative tumor suppressor, is tightly associated with autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy (ADLTE). It has been shown that Lgi1 regulates the myelination of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). However, the function and underlying mechanisms for Lgi1 regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in the central nervous system (CNS) remain elusive. In addition, whether Lgi1 is required for myelin maintenance is unknown. Here, we show that Lgi1 is necessary and sufficient for the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and is also required for the maintenance of myelinated fibers. The hypomyelination in Lgi1-/- mice attributes to the inhibition of the biosynthesis of lipids and proteins in oligodendrocytes (OLs). Moreover, we found that Lgi1 deficiency leads to a decrease in expression of tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) and activates mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. Together, the present work establishes that Lgi1 is a regulator of oligodendrocyte development and myelination in CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health, Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health, Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, China
| | - Nan-Wei Jiang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of MedicineNingbo, China
| | - Shenglong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Chong-Yu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health, Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Tai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health, Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Yao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health, Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health, Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health, Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
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Kishimoto TE, Uchida K, Thongtharb A, Shibato T, Chambers JK, Nibe K, Kagawa Y, Nakayama H. Expression of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Markers in Canine Oligodendrogliomas. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:634-644. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818777794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendroglioma is a common brain tumor in dogs, particularly brachycephalic breeds. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are suspected to be a possible origin of oligodendroglioma, although it has not been well elucidated. In the present study, 27 cases of canine brain oligodendrogliomas were histologically and immunohistochemically examined. The most commonly affected breed was the French Bulldog ( n = 19 of 27, 70%). Seizure was the most predominant clinical sign ( n = 17 of 25, 68%). The tumors were located mainly in the cerebrum, particularly in the frontal lobe ( n = 10 of 27, 37%). All cases were diagnosed as anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) and had common histologic features characterized by the proliferation of round to polygonal cells with pronounced atypia and conspicuous mitotic activity (average, 10.7 mitoses per 10 high-power fields). Honeycomb pattern ( n = 5 of 27, 19%), myxoid matrix ( n = 10, 37%), cyst formation ( n = 6, 22%), necrosis ( n = 19, 70%), pseudopalisading ( n = 5, 18.5%), glomeruloid vessels ( n = 16, 59%), and microcalcification ( n = 5, 19%) were other histopathologic features of the present tumors. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for Olig2 in all cases and for other markers of OPCs in most cases, including SOX10 ( n = 24 of 27, 89%), platelet-derived growth factor receptor α ( n = 24, 89%), and NG2 ( n = 23, 85%). The present AO also consisted of heterogeneous cell populations that were positive for nestin ( n = 13 of 27, 48%), glial fibrillary acidic protein ( n = 5, 19%), doublecortin ( n = 22, 82%), and βIII-tubulin ( n = 15, 56%). Moreover, cultured AO cells obtained from 1 case retained expression of OPC markers and exhibited multipotent characteristics in a serum culture condition. Overall, the findings suggest that transformed multipotent OPCs may be a potential origin of canine AO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya E. Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atigan Thongtharb
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - James K. Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nibe
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Eixarch H, Calvo-Barreiro L, Montalban X, Espejo C. Bone morphogenetic proteins in multiple sclerosis: Role in neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 68:1-10. [PMID: 28249802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are growth factors that represent the largest subgroup of signalling ligands of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. Their participation in the proliferation, survival and cell fate of several cell types and their involvement in many pathological conditions are now well known. BMP expression is altered in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, suggesting that BMPs have a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. MS is a demyelinating and neurodegenerative autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). MS is a complex pathological condition in which genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors converge, although its aetiology remains elusive. Multifunctional molecules, such as BMPs, are extremely interesting in the field of MS because they are involved in the regulation of several adult tissues, including the CNS and the immune system. In this review, we discuss the extensive data available regarding the role of BMP signalling in neuronal progenitor/stem cell fate and focus on the participation and expression of BMPs in CNS demyelination. Additionally, we provide an overview of the involvement of BMPs as modulators of the immune system, as this subject has not been thoroughly explored even though it is of great interest in autoimmune disorders. Moreover, we describe the data on BMP signalling in autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases, including MS and its experimental models. Thus, we aim to provide an integrated view of the putative role of BMPs in MS pathogenesis and to open the field for the further development of alternative therapeutic strategies for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herena Eixarch
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laura Calvo-Barreiro
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carmen Espejo
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Qin W, Chen S, Yang S, Xu Q, Xu C, Cai J. The Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Aging Dis 2017; 8:792-811. [PMID: 29344417 PMCID: PMC5758352 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are special types of cells with the potential for self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. NSCs are regulated by multiple pathways and pathway related transcription factors during the process of proliferation and differentiation. Numerous studies have shown that the compound medicinal preparations, single herbs, and herb extracts in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have specific roles in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. In this study, we investigate the markers of NSCs in various stages of differentiation, the related pathways regulating the proliferation and differentiation, and the corresponding transcription factors in the pathways. We also review the influence of TCM on NSC proliferation and differentiation, to facilitate the development of TCM in neural regeneration and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shiya Chen
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qian Xu
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- 3School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Cai
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
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9
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Wen CM, Chen MM, Nan FH, Wang CS. Immunocytochemical characterisation of neural stem-progenitor cells from green terror cichlid Aequidens rivulatus. J Fish Biol 2017; 90:201-221. [PMID: 27730642 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cultures of neural stem-progenitor cells (NSPC) from the brain of green terror cichlid Aequidens rivulatus were established and various NSPCs were demonstrated using immunocytochemistry. All of the NSPCs expressed brain lipid-binding protein, dopamine- and cAMP-regulated neuronal phosphoprotein 32 (DARPP-32), oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2, paired box 6 and sex determining region Y-box 2. The intensity and localisation of these proteins, however, varied among the different NSPCs. Despite being intermediate cells, NSPCs can be divided into radial glial cells, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) and neuroblasts by expressing the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), OPC marker A2B5 and neuronal markers, including acetyl-tubulin, βIII-tubulin, microtubule-associated protein 2 and neurofilament protein. Nevertheless, astrocytes were polymorphic and were the most dominant cells in the NSPC cultures. By using Matrigel, radial glia exhibiting a long GFAP+ or DARPP-32+ fibre and neurons exhibiting a significant acetyl-tubulin+ process were obtained. The results confirmed that NSPCs obtained from A. rivulatus brains can proliferate and differentiate into neurons in vitro. Clonal culture can be useful for further studying the distinct NSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 81148, Taiwan
| | - M M Chen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - F H Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - C S Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 81148, Taiwan
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Praet J, Guglielmetti C, Berneman Z, Van der Linden A, Ponsaerts P. Cellular and molecular neuropathology of the cuprizone mouse model: clinical relevance for multiple sclerosis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 47:485-505. [PMID: 25445182 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The cuprizone mouse model allows the investigation of the complex molecular mechanisms behind nonautoimmune-mediated demyelination and spontaneous remyelination. While it is generally accepted that oligodendrocytes are specifically vulnerable to cuprizone intoxication due to their high metabolic demands, a comprehensive overview of the etiology of cuprizone-induced pathology is still missing to date. In this review we extensively describe the physico-chemical mode of action of cuprizone and discuss the molecular and enzymatic mechanisms by which cuprizone induces metabolic stress, oligodendrocyte apoptosis, myelin degeneration and eventually axonal and neuronal pathology. In addition, we describe the dual effector function of the immune system which tightly controls demyelination by effective induction of oligodendrocyte apoptosis, but in contrast also paves the way for fast and efficient remyelination by the secretion of neurotrophic factors and the clearance of cellular and myelinic debris. Finally, we discuss the many clinical symptoms that can be observed following cuprizone treatment, and how these strengthened the cuprizone model as a useful tool to study human multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia and epilepsy.
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Serra-de-Oliveira N, Boilesen SN, Prado de França Carvalho C, LeSueur-Maluf L, Zollner RDL, Spadari RC, Medalha CC, Monteiro de Castro G. Behavioural changes observed in demyelination model shares similarities with white matter abnormalities in humans. Behav Brain Res 2015; 287:265-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wu X, Qu X, Zhang Q, Dong F, Yu H, Yan C, Qi D, Wang M, Liu X, Yao R. Quercetin promotes proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells after oxygen/glucose deprivation-induced injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:463-71. [PMID: 24519463 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate quercetin's (Qu) ability to promote proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) under oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury in vitro. The results showed that after OGD, OPCs survival rate was significantly increased by Qu as measured by Cell Counting Kit-8. Furthermore, Qu treatment reduced apoptosis of OPCs surveyed by Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining. Qu at 9 and 27 μM promoted the proliferation of OPCs the most by Brdu and Olig2 immunocytochemical staining after OGD 3 days. Also, Qu treatment for 8 days after OGD, the differentiation of OPCs to oligodendrocyte was detected by immunofluorescence staining showing that O4, Olig2, and myelin basic protein (MBP) positive cells were significantly increased compared to control group. Additionally, the protein levels of Olig2 and MBP of OPCs were quantified using western blot and mRNA levels of Olig2 and Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) were measured by RT-PCR. Western blot showed a significant increase in Olig2 and MBP expression levels compared with controls after OGD and Qu treatment with a linear does-response curve from 3 to 81 μM. After treatment with Qu compared to its control group, Olig2 mRNA level was significantly up-regulated, whereas Id2 mRNA level was down-regulated. In conclusion, Qu at 3-27 μM can promote the proliferation and differentiation of OPCs after OGD injury and may regulate the activity of Olig2 and Id2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiang Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Guglielmetti C, Praet J, Rangarajan JR, Vreys R, De Vocht N, Maes F, Verhoye M, Ponsaerts P, Van der Linden A. Multimodal imaging of subventricular zone neural stem/progenitor cells in the cuprizone mouse model reveals increased neurogenic potential for the olfactory bulb pathway, but no contribution to remyelination of the corpus callosum. Neuroimage 2014; 86:99-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Tavakol S, Modarres Mousavi SM, Massumi M, Amani A, Rezayat SM, Ai J. The effect of Noggin supplementation in Matrigel nanofiber-based cell culture system for derivation of neural-like cells from human endometrial-derived stromal cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1-7. [PMID: 24408884 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A very important obstacle in axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury is astroglial scaring. Noggin as bone morphogenic protein inhibitor plays a critical role in decreasing GFAP(+) cells and reducing the number of astrocytes in the site of injury. Human endometrial-derived stromal cells (hEnSCs) were isolated and cultured in two different neural inductive mediums consisting of neural progenitor maintenance medium (NPMM)/BDNF or NPMM/BDNF/Noggin in Matrigel 3D cell culture. Neural expression markers were investigated at the mRNA and protein level by real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry, respectively. The results showed that Noggin supplementation was able to increase the expression of Nestin, Tuj-1, and NF, whereas the expressions of GFAP, Bcl2, and Olig2 were decreased. In addition, DAPI staining demonstrated that lighter blue chromatin agreed with our observation of lower level of Bcl2 expression in the Noggin protocol in which over-expression of Bcl2 gene did not induce higher neurogenesis in poor Noggin medium. Our findings clearly demonstrated the neural differentiation potential of hEnSC in Matrigel and also Noggin supplementation was able to inhibit astrocyte formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Tavakol
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Christie KJ, Turnley AM. Regulation of endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells for neural repair-factors that promote neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the normal and damaged brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 6:70. [PMID: 23346046 PMCID: PMC3548228 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2012.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/precursor cells in the adult brain reside in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. These cells primarily generate neuroblasts that normally migrate to the olfactory bulb (OB) and the dentate granule cell layer respectively. Following brain damage, such as traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke or in degenerative disease models, neural precursor cells from the SVZ in particular, can migrate from their normal route along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the site of neural damage. This neural precursor cell response to neural damage is mediated by release of endogenous factors, including cytokines and chemokines produced by the inflammatory response at the injury site, and by the production of growth and neurotrophic factors. Endogenous hippocampal neurogenesis is frequently also directly or indirectly affected by neural damage. Administration of a variety of factors that regulate different aspects of neural stem/precursor biology often leads to improved functional motor and/or behavioral outcomes. Such factors can target neural stem/precursor proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation into appropriate neuronal or glial lineages. Newborn cells also need to subsequently survive and functionally integrate into extant neural circuitry, which may be the major bottleneck to the current therapeutic potential of neural stem/precursor cells. This review will cover the effects of a range of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that regulate neural stem/precursor cell functions. In particular it focuses on factors that may be harnessed to enhance the endogenous neural stem/precursor cell response to neural damage, highlighting those that have already shown evidence of preclinical effectiveness and discussing others that warrant further preclinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Christie
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience Research, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
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