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Chang DG, Kim JW, Kim HJ, Kim YH, Kim SI, Ha KY. The neuro-protective role of telomerase via TERT/TERF-2 in the acute phase of spinal cord injury. Eur Spine J 2023; 32:2431-2440. [PMID: 37165116 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-07561-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the interaction of telomerase activity and telomere length on neuro-protection or neuro-degeneration effects after spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS A contusive SCI model was developed using 56 Sprague-Dawley rats. Seven rats were allocated into acute injury phase groups (1, 3, 8, 24, and 48 h), and sub-acute and chronic injury phase groups (1, 2, and 4 weeks). Telomerase activity was assessed by telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomeric repeat binding factor-2 (TERF-2). Differentiation of activated neural stem cells was investigated by co-expression of neuronal/glial cell markers. Apoptosis expression was also investigated by caspase-3, 8, and 9 using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling staining. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were performed for quantitative analyses. RESULTS Expression of TERT increased gradually until 24 h post-injury, and was decreased following SCI (P < 0.05). TERF-2 also was increased following SCI until 24 h post-injury and then decreased with time (P < 0.05). Co-localization of TERT and TERF-2 was higher at 24 h post-injury. High expression of TERT was seen in neurons (Neu N Ab), however, expression of TERT was relatively lower in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Apoptosis analysis showed persistent high expression of caspases-3, -9, and -8 during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS Increased TERT and TERF-2 activity were noted 24 h post-injury in the acute phase of SCI with TERF-2 maintaining telomeric-repeat length. Our results suggest that increased activity of telomere maintenance may be related to neuro-protective mechanisms against subsequent apoptosis resulting from DNA damage after acute SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Gune Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang-Woon Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Jin Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Il Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Yong Ha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University at Gangdong, Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-Gu, 892, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zheng B, Fu J. Telomere dysfunction in some pediatric congenital and growth-related diseases. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1133102. [PMID: 37077333 PMCID: PMC10106694 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1133102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere wear and dysfunction may lead to aging-related diseases. Moreover, increasing evidence show that the occurrence, development, and prognosis of some pediatric diseases are also related to telomere dysfunction. In this review, we systematically analyzed the relationship between telomere biology and some pediatric congenital and growth-related diseases and proposed new theoretical basis and therapeutic targets for the treatment of these diseases.
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Li J, Feng Y, Zhao J, Fang Z, Liu H. Telomerase reverse transcriptase promotes angiogenesis in neonatal rats after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14220. [PMID: 36299510 PMCID: PMC9590416 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is an endogenous repair mechanism following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Interestingly, recent studies have shown that angiogenesis can be regulated by telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), a critical component of telomerase. As telomerase reverse transcriptase can promote angiogenesis after stroke, we hypothesized that it could also promote angiogenesis after HIBD. To test this hypothesis, we developed in vivo and in vitro HIBD models in neonatal rats. Methods TERT was overexpressed by lentivirus and adenovirus infection, and levels were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We used a cell counting kit to quantify the proliferation rate of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), and immunofluorescence staining to measure CD34 expression levels. A microvessel formation assay was used to evaluate angiogenesis. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity was assessed using immunohistochemical staining for ZO-1 and Evans Blue staining. Lastly, the expression level of Notch-1 was measured by western blotting. Results Overexpression of TERT promoted the proliferation of BMECs after hypoxic-ischemic damage in vitro. TERT overexpression increased the formation of microvessels in the neonatal brain after HIBD both in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of TERT improved BBB integrity in the brains of neonatal rats after HIBD. In addition, the expression level of Notch-1 was increased in BMECs following oxygen glucose deprivation, and overexpression of TERT further increased Notch-1 expression levels in BMECs following oxygen glucose deprivation. Discussion Our results reveal that telomerase reverse transcriptase promotes angiogenesis and maintains the integrity of the blood-brain barrier after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Furthermore, the Notch-1 signaling pathway appears to contribute to the angiogenic function of telomerase reverse transcriptase. This protective effect of telomerase reverse transcriptase opens new horizons for future investigations aimed at uncovering the full potential of telomerase reverse transcriptase as a promising new target for the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Fang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiting Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Li J, Liu HT, Zhao J, Chen HJ. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promotes neurogenesis after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats. Neurol Res 2022; 44:819-829. [PMID: 35400306 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2056339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai-Ting Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong-Ju Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Zhu L, Liu Z, Ren Y, Wu X, Liu Y, Wang T, Li Y, Cong Y, Guo Y. Neuroprotective effects of salidroside on ageing hippocampal neurons and naturally ageing mice via the PI3K/Akt/TERT pathway. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5767-5780. [PMID: 34374127 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies have found that salidroside, isolated from Rhodiola rosea L, has various pharmacological activities, but there have been no studies on the effects of salidroside on brain hippocampal senescence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanistic role of salidroside in hippocampal neuron senescence and injury. In this study, long-term cultured primary rat hippocampal neurons and naturally aged C57 mice were treated with salidroside. The results showed that salidroside increased the viability and MAP2 expression, reduced β-galactosidase (β-gal) levels of rat primary hippocampal neurons. Salidroside also improved cognition dysfunction in ageing mice and alleviated neuronal degeneration in the ageing mice CA1 region. Moreover, salidroside decreased the levels of oxidative stress and p21, p16 protein expressions of hippocampal neurons and ageing mice. Salidroside promoted telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) protein expression via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. In conclusion, our findings suggest that salidroside has the potential to be used as a therapeutic strategy for anti-ageing and ageing-related disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Taishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenchao Liu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Taishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuqian Ren
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Taishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Taishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingjuan Liu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Taishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Taishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Yizhao Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Fanggan Rehabilitation Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yusheng Cong
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunliang Guo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Taishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
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Sun Q, Jia N, Li X, Yang J, Chen G. Grape seed proanthocyanidins ameliorate neuronal oxidative damage by inhibiting GSK-3β-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in an experimental model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:4107-24. [PMID: 31232699 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated oxidative stress plays a crucial role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) have been reported to prevent oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of GSPs in protecting neurons against oxidative injury in an experimental model of sporadic AD. Primary mouse cortical neurons were subjected to streptozotocin (STZ) to mimic neuronal oxidative damage in vitro, and mice were subjected to intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of STZ as an in vivo sporadic AD model. GSPs not only significantly ameliorated neuron loss and mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse cortical neurons pretreated of STZ, but also reduced cognitive impairments, apoptosis and mitochondrial oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of sporadic AD mice. Moreover, GSPs increased phosphorylation levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) at its Ser9. Notably, GSPs inhibited STZ-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening via enhancing phosphorylated GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β) binds to adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), thereby reducing the formation of the complex ANT-cyclophilin D (CypD). In conclusion, GSPs ameliorate neuronal oxidative damage and cognitive impairment by inhibiting GSK-3β-dependent mPTP opening in AD. Our study provides new insights into that GSPs may be a new therapeutic candidate for treatment of AD.
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Liu JY, Wang KX, Huang LY, Wan B, Zhao GY, Zhao FY. [Expression and role of Pim1 in cultured cortical neurons with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygen injury]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2020; 22:512-518. [PMID: 32434650 PMCID: PMC7389388 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.1911045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression and effect of Pim1 in primary cortical neurons after hypoxic-ischemic injury. METHODS Cortical neurons were isolated from 1-day-old C57BL/6 mice and cultured in neurobasal medium. On the 8th day of neuron culture, cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygen (OGD/R) treatment to mimic in vivo hypoxic injury of neurons. Briefly, medium were changed to DMEM medium, and cells were cultured in 1% O2 for 3 hours and then changed back to normal medium and conditions. Cells were collected at 0 hour, 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours after OGD/R. Primary neurons were transfected with Pim1 overexpression plasmid or mock plasmid, and then were exposed to normal conditions or OGD/R treatment. They were named as Pim1 group, control group, OGD/R group and OGD/R+Pim1 group respectively. Real-time PCR was used to detect Pim1 mRNA expression. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of Pim1 and apoptotic related protein cleaved caspase 3 (CC3). TUNEL staining was used to detect cell apoptosis. RESULTS Real-time PCR and Western blot results showed that Pim1 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in neurons after OGD/R. They began to decrease at 0 hour after OGD/R, reached to the lowest at 12 hours after OGD/R, and remained at a lower level at 24 hours after OGD/R (P<0.01). Overexpression of Pim1 significantly upregulated the protein level of Pim1. Under OGD/R conditions, the CC3 expression and the apoptosis rate in cells of the Pim1 group were significantly lower than in un-transfected cells (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic-ischemic injury may decrease Pim1 expression in neurons. Overexpressed Pim1 may inhibit apoptosis induced by OGD/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, China.
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Sun Z, Yang T, Wang Y, Li C, Yang Y, Wang D, Guo J, Shi T, Wang Y, Qu Y, Wei Q, Feng C. Propionic acid abrogates the deleterious effects of cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury through nuclear factor-κb signaling in mice. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_306_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Zhang H, Zhou J, Zhang M, Yi Y, He B. Upregulation of miR-376c-3p alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced cell injury by targeting ING5. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:67. [PMID: 31844418 PMCID: PMC6894250 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The expression level of miR-376c-3p is significantly lower in infants with neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) than in healthy infants. However, the biological function of this microRNA remains largely elusive. Methods We used PC-12 and SH-SY5Y cells to establish an oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) cell injury model to mimic HIE in vitro. The miR-376c-3p expression levels were measured using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were utilized to evaluate OGD-induced cell injury. The association between miR-376c-3p and inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) was validated using the luciferase reporter assay. Western blotting was conducted to determine the protein expression of CDK4, cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and Bax. Results MiR-376c-3p was significantly downregulated in the OGD-induced cell injury model. Its overexpression elevated cell viability and impaired cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in PC-12 and SH-SY5Y cells after OGD. Downregulation of miR-376c-3p gave the opposite results. We further demonstrated that ING5 was a negatively regulated target gene of miR-376c-3p. Importantly, ING5 knockdown had a similar effect to miR-376c-3p-mediated protective effects against cell injury induced by OGD. Its overexpression abolished these protective effects. Conclusion Our data suggest that miR-376c-3p downregulated ING5 to exert protective effects against OGD-induced cell injury in PC-12 and SH-SY5Y cells. This might represent a novel therapeutic approach for neonatal HIE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, 430060 China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, 430060 China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, 430060 China
| | - Yanjie Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, 430060 China
| | - Bing He
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, 430060 China
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González-Giraldo Y, Garzón-Benitez AV, Forero DA, Barreto GE. TERT inhibition leads to reduction of IL-6 expression induced by palmitic acid and interferes with the protective effects of tibolone in an astrocytic cell model. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12768. [PMID: 31278797 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although it has been shown that telomerase has neuroprotective effects, mainly as a result of its non-canonical functions in neuronal cells, its role with respect to glial cells remains unknown. There is growing evidence indicating that telomerase plays an important role with respect to inflammation, especially in the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of telomerase in an astrocyte cell model treated with palmitic acid (PA) and tibolone. Cell death, reactive oxygen species production and interleukin-6 expression were evaluated under telomerase inhibition with the BIBR1532 compound in T98G cells treated with tibolone and PA, using fluorometry, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results obtained showed that telomerase protein was increased by PA after 36 hours, alone or in combination with tibolone, and that its activity was affected by PA. Telomerase inhibition reduced interleukin-6 expression and it interfered with the protective effects of tibolone on cell death. Moreover, tibolone increased Tyr707 phosphorylation in PA-treated cells. In the present study, we provide novel findings about the regulation of telomerase by PA and tibolone. Telomerase was involved in inflammation by PA and in protective effects of tibolone. Therefore, we conclude that telomerase could play a dual role in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeimy González-Giraldo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Angie V Garzón-Benitez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Diego A Forero
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá DC, Colombia
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Argüelles S, Guerrero-Castilla A, Cano M, Muñoz MF, Ayala A. Advantages and disadvantages of apoptosis in the aging process. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1443:20-33. [PMID: 30839127 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Researchers cannot predict as yet how long a human being can live. Life expectancy has been steadily increasing in the last century, but perhaps not always the quality of life in parallel with it. Future generations will be faced with the problems of an increased life expectancy along with the emergence of new age-related diseases. A deeper understanding of the aging process is crucial to ameliorate, if not to prevent, these projected new old-age diseases. One of the mechanisms responsible for healthy aging is through the effective maintenance of physiological, biochemical, and immunological functions. To carry this out, the organism needs to create new cells to replace old ones and to induce the disappearance of old and damaged cells. Apoptosis is involved in all these processes. However, if apoptosis is dysregulated, premature senescence-associated diseases are likely to appear. In our review, the focus will be on a better understanding of the role of apoptosis in the aging process. These signaling pathways will most assuredly be pharmacologically targeted in antiaging medicine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Argüelles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Cano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Mario F Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Ayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Yuan Y, Zheng Z. Geniposide protects PC-12 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced injury by up-regulation of long-noncoding RNA H19. Life Sci 2018; 216:176-182. [PMID: 30472296 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a common brain injury disease in neonates, which can lead to neonatal disability and death. Geniposide (GEN) is a main ingredient of Gardenia jasminoides, whose anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects have been reported in various diseases. However, the effect of GEN on HIE remains uninvestigated. This study aimed to clarify the protective effect of GEN on PC-12 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury. MAIN METHODS PC-12 cells were subjected to OGD treatment, cell viability, cell cycle-associated factors, apoptosis and apoptosis-associated factors were then determined. The different concentrations of GEN were used to stimulate PC-12 cells, and the effects of GEN on cell proliferation and apoptosis in OGD-treatment cells were assessed. Subsequently, relative expression level of H19 was analyzed in PC-12 cells after treatment with GEN. After this, si-H19 was transfected into PC-12 cells to explore the regulatory effect of H19 on PC-12 cells after treatment with GEN and OGD. Besides, PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were examined by western blot assay. KEY FINDINGS OGD significantly inhibited cell viability, decreased CyclinD1, CDK4 and CDK6 expression, induced apoptosis and up-regulated Cleaved-Caspase-9/-7/-3 expression in PC-12 cells. GEN treatment obviously alleviated OGD-induced cell injury. Additionally, H19 expression was up-regulated by GEN, and H19 knockdown reversed the protective effect of GEN on PC-12 cells against OGD-induced injury. Finally, GEN activated PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin pathways by regulating H19 in OGD-insulted PC-12 cells. SIGNIFICANCE The findings suggested that GEN protected PC-12 cells against OGD-induced injury by up-regulation of H19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Yuan
- Department of Children Rehabilitation, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining 272011, China; Jining No.1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Zebao Zheng
- Department of Children Rehabilitation, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining 272011, China; Jining No.1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
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Wang J, Zhang MY, Xu SQ, Cheng J, Yu ZJ, Hu XM. Down-regulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase-related anti-apoptotic function in a rat model of acrylamide induced neurobehavioral deficits. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:512-518. [PMID: 29926741 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1471523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the precise mechanism is unknown, neuron apoptosis is believed to participate in neuropathy caused by acrylamide (ACR). Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) exhibits an anti-apoptotic function, but its contribution to the pathogenesis of ACR neurotoxicity is unclear. We investigated adult male rats that were given 30, 40 and 50 mg/kg ACR three times/week for 4 weeks. We found that ACR treatment caused significant deficits in sensory/motor function as measured by gait score, landing foot spread distance, movement initiation test and tail immersion test. Histological examination showed that the cerebral cortex in all ACR treated animals exhibited fewer neurons and more condensed nuclei than normal cortex. A significant increase in apoptosis was found in the cerebral cortex of rat brains subjected to ACR treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of TERT in the brain was significantly reduced by ACR treatment. The pro-apoptotic cleaved caspase-3 protein level was increased, while the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein level was decreased by 30 - 50 mg/kg ACR. Our findings indicate that TERT and its downstream regulators of neuron apoptosis, including Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3, were involved in ACR neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,b Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan
| | - M Y Zhang
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,b Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan
| | - S Q Xu
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,b Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan
| | - J Cheng
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,b Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan
| | - Z J Yu
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,b Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan
| | - X M Hu
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,b Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,c College of Pharmacy , Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences , Shanghai , China
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14
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Ferreira E, Bignoux MJ, Otgaar TC, Tagliatti N, Jovanovic K, Letsolo BT, Weiss SFT. LRP/LR specific antibody IgG1-iS18 impedes neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease mice. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27059-27073. [PMID: 29930750 PMCID: PMC6007457 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation. We have shown in vitro, that knock-down and blockade of the 37 kDa/67 kDa Laminin Receptor (LRP/LR) resulted in reduced Aβ induced cytotoxicity and Aβ accumulation. In order to test the effect of blocking LRP/LR on Aβ formation and AD associated symptoms, AD transgenic mice received the anti-LRP/LR specific antibody, IgG1-iS18 through intranasal administration. We show that this treatment resulted in an improvement in memory, and decreased Aβ plaque formation. Moreover, a significant decrease in Aβ42 protein expression with a concomitant increase in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (mTERT) levels was observed. These data recommend IgG1-iS18 as a potentially powerful therapeutic antibody for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Ferreira
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Monique J Bignoux
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Tyrone C Otgaar
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Nicolas Tagliatti
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Katarina Jovanovic
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.,Present address: UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Boitelo T Letsolo
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Stefan F T Weiss
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
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Abstract
Telomerase, a specialized ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, maintains telomere length at the 3′ end of chromosomes, and functions importantly in stem cells, cancer and aging. Telomerase exists in neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs), at a high level in the developing and adult brains of humans and rodents. Increasing studies have demonstrated that telomerase in NSCs/NPCs plays important roles in cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, neuronal survival and neuritogenesis. In addition, recent works have shown that telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) can protect newborn neurons from apoptosis and excitotoxicity. However, to date, the link between telomerase and diseases in the central nervous system (CNS) is not well reviewed. Here, we analyze the evidence and summarize the important roles of telomerase in the CNS. Understanding the roles of telomerase in the nervous system is not only important to gain further insight into the process of the neural cell life cycle but would also provide novel therapeutic applications in CNS diseases such as neurodegenerative condition, mood disorders, aging and other ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ying Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ashley Nemes
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Qi-Gang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Huang X, Zhang S, Li F, Zhou Y, Wang X, Fu G, Ma X. Effects of hUCB-MSCs on recovery of neurological function and TERT expression in brain tissue of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5843-5846. [PMID: 29285130 PMCID: PMC5740793 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the effects of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) on the recovery of neurological function and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression in brain tissue of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. A total of 100 healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: The control group and the observation group according to the random number table method. After the model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was established, the rats in the observation group were treated with hUCB-MSCs (10 ml/kg), while the rats in the control group were treated with saline every day. The neurological deficit score and foot fault test were evaluated at 1, 7 and 14 days after treatment, and the rats were sacrificed at 14 days to detect the expression of TERT in brain tissue. There was no significant difference in the scores of mNSS between the two groups before the model establishment (P>0.05), but there was significant differences in two groups after the operation (P<0.05). At 1 day after the operation, the mNSS score of the two groups peaked, which was decreased in the groups with the progress of treatment. The degree of decline in the observation group was significantly greater than that in the control group (P<0.05). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the number of errors between the two groups before the model establishment (P>0.05), but there was significant difference in two groups after the operation (P<0.05). At 1 day after the operation, the number of errors also peaked, which was reduced in the groups with the progress of treatment. The degree of reduction in the observation group was significantly greater than that in the control group (P<0.05). The results of H&E staining showed it had positive reaction as nucleus or cytoplasm stained brown or yellowish brown in the observation group, while it showed neuronal shrinkage, cytoplasm and nucleus yellow dye deepening in the control group as the significant positive reaction. The gray level of the TERT protein in the brain tissue of the control group was 0.458±0.052 LOD, which was significantly lower than that in the observation group with 0.983±0.056 LOD (P<0.05). In conclusion, hUCB-MSCs can effectively improve the neurological function and the expression of TERT in brain tissue of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may be helpful to reduce the ischemia-reperfusion injury of brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Shuangli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161005, P.R. China
| | - Fuchun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yuyun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohe Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Guojiao Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Li Y, Yao D, Zhang J, Liu B, Zhang L, Feng H, Li B. The Effects of Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cells on Local Inflammation Microenvironment in the Defected Sciatic Nerve of Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:133. [PMID: 28588447 PMCID: PMC5438963 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy is a promising strategy for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs). epidermal neural crest stems cells (EPI-NCSCs) are thought to be important donor cells for repairing PNI in different animal models. Following PNI, inflammatory response is important to regulate the repair process. However, the effects of EPI-NCSCs on regulation of local inflammation microenviroment have not been investigated extensively. In the present study, these effects were studied by using 10 mm defected sciatic nerve, which was bridged with 15 mm artificial nerve composed of EPI-NCSCs, extracellular matrix (ECM) and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). Then the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, polarization of macrophages, regulation of fibroblasts and shwann cells (SCs) were assessed by western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining at 1, 3, 7 and 21 days after bridging. The structure and the function of the bridged nerve were determined by observation under light microscope and by examination of right lateral foot retraction time (LFRT), sciatic function index (SFI), gastrocnemius wet weight and electrophysiology at 9 weeks. After bridging with EPI-NCSCs, the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) was increased, but decreased for pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) compared to the control bridging, which was consistent with increase of M2 macrophages and decrease of M1 macrophages at 7 days after transplantation. Likewise, myelin-formed SCs were significantly increased, but decreased for the activated fibroblasts in their number at 21 days. The recovery of structure and function of nerve bridged with EPI-NCSCs was significantly superior to that of DMEM. These results indicated that EPI-NCSCs could be able to regulate and provide more suitable inflammation microenvironment for the repair of defected sciatic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital/State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Dongdong Yao
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital/State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China.,School of Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development of Education Ministry, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jieyuan Zhang
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital/State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development of Education Ministry, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital/State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Bingcang Li
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital/State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
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Meng JJ, Li SP, Zhao FY, Tong Y, Mu DZ, Qu Y. [Effect of telomerase activation on biological behaviors of neural stem cells in rats with hypoxic-ischemic insults]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2017; 19:229-236. [PMID: 28202125 PMCID: PMC7389468 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of telomerase activation on biological behaviors of neural stem cells after hypoxic-ischemic insults. METHODS The neural stem cells passaged in vitro were divided into four groups: control, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), OGD+cycloastragenol (CAG) high concentration (final concentration of 25 μM), and OGD+CAG low concentration (final concentration of 10 μM). The latter three groups were subjected to OGD. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression level was evaluated by Western blot. Telomerase activity was detected by telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP). Cell number and neural sphere diameter were measured under a microscope. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was examined by chemiluminescence. Cell proliferation rate and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS After OGD insults, obvious injury of neural stem cells was observed, including less cell number, smaller neural sphere, more dead cells, lower proliferation rate and decreased survival rate. In CAG-treated groups, there were higher TERT expression level and telomerase activity compared with the control group (P<0.05). In comparison with the OGD group, CAG treatment attenuated cell loss (P<0.05) and neural sphere diameter decrease (P<0.05), promoted cell proliferation (P<0.05), and increased cell survival rate (P<0.05). Low and high concentrations of CAG had similar effects on proliferation and survival of neural stem cells (P>0.05). In the normal cultural condition, CAG treatment also enhanced TERT expression (P<0.05) and increased cell numbers (P<0.05) and neural sphere diameter (P<0.05) compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Telomerase activation can promote the proliferation and improve survival of neural stem cells under the state of hypoxic-ischemic insults, suggesting telomerase activators might be potential agents for the therapy of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Chengdu 610041, China.
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19
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Zhao FY, Qu Y, Zhang L, Huang L, Liu HT, Li J, Mu DZ. [The neuroprotective role of exogenous TERT gene in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2016; 18:1296-1301. [PMID: 27974126 PMCID: PMC7403081 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) on cell apoptosis in neonatal rat brains after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBD). METHODS A total of 72 neonatal rats were divided into sham, vehicle, HIBD and TERT groups. HIBD was induced by Rice method in the later three groups. The neonatal rats in the vehicle and TERT groups were injected with plasmids containing mock or full length TERT by an intracerebroventricular injection 30 minutes after hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury. Pathological changes of brain tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of TERT, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cleaved caspase 3 (CC3). Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL staining. RESULTS Western blot showed that TERT protein was dramatically increased in the vehicle, HIBD and TERT groups compared with the sham group. Compared with the vehicle and HIBD groups, TERT protein in the TERT group was significantly upregulated. Compared with the sham group, there was a significant increase in apoptotic index and expression of AIF and CC3 proteins in the vehicle and HIBD groups (p<0.01). The TERT group showed decreased expression of AIF and CC3 proteins and apoptotic index compared with the vehicle and HIBD groups (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS TERT can inhibit cell apoptosis induced by HI and might have a neuroprotective role in developing brain with HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Liang S, Sun K, Wang Y, Dong S, Wang C, Liu L, Wu Y. Role of Cyt-C/caspases-9,3, Bax/Bcl-2 and the FAS death receptor pathway in apoptosis induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles in human aortic endothelial cells and the protective effect by alpha-lipoic acid. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 258:40-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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González-Giraldo Y, Forero DA, Echeverria V, Gonzalez J, Ávila-Rodriguez M, Garcia-Segura LM, Barreto GE. Neuroprotective effects of the catalytic subunit of telomerase: A potential therapeutic target in the central nervous system. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 28:37-45. [PMID: 27095058 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Senescence plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases and involves key molecular changes induced by several mechanisms such as oxidative stress, telomere shortening and DNA damage. Potential therapeutic strategies directed to counteract these molecular changes are of great interest for the prevention of the neurodegenerative process. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein composed of a catalytic subunit (TERT) and a RNA subunit (TERC). It is known that the telomerase is involved in the maintenance of telomere length and is a highly expressed protein in embryonic stages and decreases in adult cells. In the last decade, a growing number of studies have shown that TERT has neuroprotective effects in cellular and animal models after a brain injury. Significantly, differences in TERT expression between controls and patients with major depressive disorder have been observed. More recently, TERT has been associated with the decrease in reactive oxygen species and DNA protection in mitochondria of neurons. In this review, we highlight the role of TERT in some neurodegenerative disorders and discuss some studies focusing on this protein as a potential target for neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeimy González-Giraldo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Diego A Forero
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile
| | - Janneth Gonzalez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | | | | | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.
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Cui Z, Zhou H, He C, Wang W, Yang Y, Tan Q. Upregulation of Bcl-2 enhances secretion of growth factors by adipose-derived stem cells deprived of oxygen and glucose. Biosci Trends 2016; 9:122-8. [PMID: 26173295 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2014.01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing recognition that beneficial effects of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) therapy may depend largely on the secretion of multiple growth factors. This study modified ADSCs with the Bcl-2 gene in order to increase the secretion of growth factors during oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The phenotypes of human ADSCs that were passaged 4 times were analyzed using flow cytometry. Then, ADSCs were genetically modified with Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 gene transduction was verified with Western blotting. Proliferative capacity and multipotent differentiation properties were evaluated in Bcl-2-modified ADSCs. Secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) during OGD. Human ADSCs that were passaged 4 times expressed stem cell-associated markers but not a fibroblast marker or a hematopoietic stem cell marker. The Bcl-2 gene was efficiently transfected into ADSCs; Bcl-2 modification did not affect the proliferative and multilineage differentiation capacity of ADSCs. In addition, Bcl-2 overexpression enhanced the secretion of VEGF, bFGF, and HGF by 14.47%, 16.9%, and 91%, respectively, compared to ADSCs alone that were deprived of oxygen and glucose. These data suggest that Bcl-2 overexpression enhances secretion of angiogenic growth factors by ADSCs deprived of oxygen and glucose.
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Lee EJ, Kim BJ, Jeong JE, Chung HL, Yang EK, Kim WT. Bee Venom Exerts Neuroprotective Effects on Neuronal Cells and Astrocytes under Hypoxic Conditions Through MAPK Signaling Pathways. Neonatal Med 2016. [DOI: 10.5385/nm.2016.23.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bong Jae Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hai Lee Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Yang
- Department of Physiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Wei YB, Martinsson L, Liu JJ, Forsell Y, Schalling M, Backlund L, Lavebratt C. hTERT genetic variation in depression. J Affect Disord 2016; 189:62-9. [PMID: 26406970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres are protective DNA-protein complexes forming the chromosome ends. TL differs between tissues. Shorter telomere length (TL) in blood leukocytes (LTL) has been associated with major depression, and with previous exposure to childhood adversity. TL studies on non-invasively sampled salivary DNA are less common. Telomerase, with its catalytic subunit hTERT, counteracts telomere shortening. Reduced telomerase activity associates with depression-like behavior in mice. Recently, the minor allele of the hTERT polymorphism rs2736100 was associated with shorter LTL among primarily healthy individuals. We hypothesized that (i) TL in saliva DNA is shortened in adults with a history of depression, and that (ii) rs2736100 is implicated in depression and depressive episodes in bipolar disorder type 1 (BD1). METHODS Individuals with a history of depression and those without (controls) were identified using self-reported questionnaires from a well-characterized population-based cohort. Clinical BD1 patients were diagnosed by specialized psychiatrists. Saliva TL was measured in age-matched depressed individuals and controls (n=662) using qRT-PCR. rs2736100 was genotyped in 436 depressed individuals, 1590 controls, and 368 BD1 patients. RESULTS Saliva TL was shorter in depressed individuals compared to controls. The rs2736100 minor allele was associated with depression among those without experience of childhood adversity, and with number of depressive episodes in BD1 patients responding well to lithium. LIMITATION Psychopathological symptoms were recorded at two time points only, 3 and 6 years prior to DNA sampling. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on hTERT genetic variation in mood disorder. It proposes that genetic variation in hTERT may influence the susceptibility to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Bin Wei
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lina Martinsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jia Jia Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yvonne Forsell
- Department of Public Health Science, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Backlund
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Liu J, Sun J, Wang F, Yu X, Ling Z, Li H, Zhang H, Jin J, Chen W, Pang M, Yu J, He Y, Xu J. Neuroprotective Effects of Clostridium butyricum against Vascular Dementia in Mice via Metabolic Butyrate. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:412946. [PMID: 26523278 DOI: 10.1155/2015/412946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics actively participate in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the role of gut microbiota in brain disorders and vascular dementia (VaD) remains unclear. We used a mouse model of VaD induced by a permanent right unilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (rUCCAO) to investigate the neuroprotective effects and possible underlying mechanisms of Clostridium butyricum. Following rUCCAO, C. butyricum was intragastrically administered for 6 successive weeks. Cognitive function was estimated. Morphological examination was performed by electron microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The BDNF-PI3K/Akt pathway-related proteins were assessed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. The diversity of gut microbiota and the levels of butyrate in the feces and the brains were determined. The results showed that C. butyricum significantly attenuated the cognitive dysfunction and histopathological changes in VaD mice. C. butyricum not only increased the levels of BDNF and Bcl-2 and decreased level of Bax but also induced Akt phosphorylation (p-Akt) and ultimately reduced neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, C. butyricum could regulate the gut microbiota and restore the butyrate content in the feces and the brains. These results suggest that C. butyricum might be effective in the treatment of VaD by regulating the gut-brain axis and that it can be considered a new therapeutic strategy against VaD.
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Sun J, Wang F, Li H, Zhang H, Jin J, Chen W, Pang M, Yu J, He Y, Liu J. Neuroprotective Effect of Sodium Butyrate against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:395895. [PMID: 26064905 DOI: 10.1155/2015/395895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sodium butyrate (NaB) is a dietary microbial fermentation product of fiber and serves as an important neuromodulator in the central nervous system. In this study, we further investigated that NaB attenuated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo and its possible mechanisms. NaB (5, 10 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically 3 h after the onset of reperfusion in bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) mice. After 24 h of reperfusion, neurological deficits scores were estimated. Morphological examination was performed by electron microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines were assessed. Apoptotic neurons were measured by TUNEL; apoptosis-related protein caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, the phosphorylation Akt (p-Akt), and BDNF were assayed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that 10 mg/kg NaB treatment significantly ameliorated neurological deficit and histopathology changes in cerebral I/R injury. Moreover, 10 mg/kg NaB treatment markedly restored the levels of MDA, SOD, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-8. 10 mg/kg NaB treatment also remarkably inhibited the apoptosis, decreasing the levels of caspase-3 and Bax and increasing the levels of Bcl-2, p-Akt, and BDNF. This study suggested that NaB exerts neuroprotective effects on cerebral I/R injury by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties and BDNF-PI3K/Akt pathway is involved in antiapoptotic effect.
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Wei YB, Backlund L, Wegener G, Mathé AA, Lavebratt C. Telomerase dysregulation in the hippocampus of a rat model of depression: normalization by lithium. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyv002. [PMID: 25618407 PMCID: PMC4540104 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres are protective DNA-protein complexes at the ends of each chromosome, maintained primarily by the enzyme telomerase. Shortening of the blood leukocyte telomeres is associated with aging, several chronic diseases, and stress, eg, major depression. Hippocampus is pivotal in the regulation of cognition and mood and the main brain region of telomerase activity. Whether there is telomere dysfunction in the hippocampus of depressed subjects is unknown. Lithium, used in the treatment and relapse prevention of mood disorders, was found to protect against leukocyte telomere shortening in humans, but the mechanism has not been elucidated. To answer the questions whether telomeres are shortened and the telomerase activity changed in the hippocampus and whether lithium could reverse the process, we used a genetic model of depression, the Flinders Sensitive Line rat, and treated the animals with lithium. METHODS Telomere length, telomerase reverse transcriptase (Tert) expression, telomerase activity, and putative mediators of telomerase activity were investigated in the hippocampus of these animals. RESULTS The naïve Flinders Sensitive Line had shorter telomere length, downregulated Tert expression, reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, and reduced telomerase activity compared with the Flinders Resistant Line controls. Lithium treatment normalized the Tert expression and telomerase activity in the Flinders Sensitive Line and upregulated β-catenin. CONCLUSION This is the first report showing telomere dysregulation in hippocampus of a well-defined depression model and restorative effects of lithium treatment. If replicated in other models of mood disorder, the findings will contribute to understanding both the telomere function and the mechanism of lithium action in hippocampus of depressed patients.
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Cui Z, Shen L, Lin Y, Wang S, Zheng D, Tan Q. Inhibition of oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced apoptosis of human adipose-derived stem cells by genetic modification with antiapoptotic protein bcl-2. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2014; 38:779-87. [PMID: 24907101 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-014-0354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have become a promising tool for a wide range of cell-based therapies. However, transplanted ADSCs do not survive well under ischemic conditions. In this study we aimed to inhibit oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced apoptosis of human ADSCs by genetic modification with antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. METHODS After isolation and culture, the phenotypes of human ADSCs at passage 3 were analyzed by flow cytometry. Then, genetic modification of ADSCs with Bcl-2 was carried out. Bcl-2 gene transfection was verified by Western blot analysis and multipotent differentiation properties were evaluated in Bcl-2-modified ADSCs (Bcl-2-ADSCs). Apoptosis was evaluated by a TUNEL assay under ischemic conditions induced by OGD. Apoptotic nuclei were also assessed and quantified by Hoechst staining. RESULTS The cultured ADSCs expressed stem cell-associated markers CD29, CD34, CD44, and CD90, but not fibroblast marker HLA-DR or hematopoietic stem cell marker CD133. The Bcl-2 gene was transferred into ADSCs efficiently, and Bcl-2-ADSCs differentiated into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. In addition, Bcl-2 overexpression reduced the percentage of apoptotic Bcl-2-ADSCs by 38 % under OGD. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Bcl-2 overexpression through gene transfection inhibits apoptosis of ADSCs under ischemic conditions. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Zhao F, Qu Y, Liu H, Du B, Mu D. Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells co-modified by TERT and BDNF: a novel neuroprotective therapy for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 38:147-54. [PMID: 24999119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), a leading cause of perinatal disability and death, has limited therapeutic options. Stem cell therapy has been demonstrated as a potential novel therapy for neurological disorders. Compared with other types of stem cells, umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) have several unique characteristics, such as a higher rate of cell proliferation and clonality. However, the limited life span of UCB-MSCs hinders their clinical application. Therefore, efforts are urgently needed to circumvent this disadvantage. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), which promotes cell proliferation and survival, plays a protective role in hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. Thus, it is reasonable to propose that UCB-MSCs modified by exogenous TERT expression might have a longer lifespan and increased viability. Moreover, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin that regulates development, regeneration, survival and maintenance of neurons, facilitates post-injury recovery when administered by infusion or virus-mediated delivery. Therefore, TERT- and BDNF-modified UCB-MSCs may have a longer lifespan and also maintain neural differentiation, thus promoting the recovery of neurological function following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and thereby representing a new effective strategy for HIBD in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haiting Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baowen Du
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Wang J, Zhu S, Wang H, He J, Zhang Y, Adilijiang A, Zhang H, Hartle K, Guo H, Kong J, Huang Q, Li XM. Astrocyte-dependent protective effect of quetiapine on GABAergic neuron is associated with the prevention of anxiety-like behaviors in aging mice after long-term treatment. J Neurochem 2014; 130:780-9. [PMID: 24862291 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that quetiapine (QTP) may have neuroprotective properties; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we identified a novel mechanism by which QTP increased the synthesis of ATP in astrocytes and protected GABAergic neurons from aging-induced death. In 12-month-old mice, QTP significantly improved cell number of GABAegic neurons in the cortex and ameliorated anxiety-like behaviors compared to control group. Complimentary in vitro studies showed that QTP had no direct effect on the survival of aging GABAergic neurons in culture. Astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) pretreated with QTP (ACMQTP) for 24 h effectively protected GABAergic neurons against aging-induced spontaneous cell death. It was also found that QTP boosted the synthesis of ATP from cultured astrocytes after 24 h of treatment, which might be responsible for the protective effects on neurons. Consistent with the above findings, a Rhodamine 123 test showed that ACMQTP, not QTP itself, was able to prevent the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in the aging neurons. For the first time, our study has provided evidence that astrocytes may be the conduit through which QTP is able to exert its neuroprotective effects on GABAergic neurons. The neuroprotective properties of quetiapine (QTP) have not been fully understood. Here, we identify a novel mechanism by which QTP increases the synthesis of ATP in astrocytes and protects GABAergic neurons from aging-induced death in a primary cell culture model. In 12-month-old mice, QTP significantly improves cell number of GABAegic neurons and ameliorates anxiety-like behaviors. Our study indicates that astrocytes may be the conduit through which QTP exerts its neuroprotective effects on GABAergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Wang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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