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Munekane M, Fuchigami T, Ogawa K. Recent advances in the development of 225Ac- and 211At-labeled radioligands for radiotheranostics. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:803-826. [PMID: 38564087 PMCID: PMC11035452 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Radiotheranostics utilizes a set of radioligands incorporating diagnostic or therapeutic radionuclides to achieve both diagnosis and therapy. Imaging probes using diagnostic radionuclides have been used for systemic cancer imaging. Integration of therapeutic radionuclides into the imaging probes serves as potent agents for radionuclide therapy. Among them, targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is a promising next-generation cancer therapy. The α-particles emitted by the radioligands used in TAT result in a high linear energy transfer over a short range, inducing substantial damage to nearby cells surrounding the binding site. Therefore, the key to successful cancer treatment with minimal side effects by TAT depends on the selective delivery of radioligands to their targets. Recently, TAT agents targeting biomolecules highly expressed in various cancer cells, such as sodium/iodide symporter, norepinephrine transporter, somatostatin receptor, αvβ3 integrin, prostate-specific membrane antigen, fibroblast-activation protein, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 have been developed and have made remarkable progress toward clinical application. In this review, we focus on two radionuclides, 225Ac and 211At, which are expected to have a wide range of applications in TAT. We also introduce recent fundamental and clinical studies of radiopharmaceuticals labeled with these radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Munekane
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fuchigami
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Kazuma Ogawa
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Kazuta N, Tsuchihashi S, Watanabe H, Ono M. Fundamental evaluation regarding the relationship between albumin-binding and tumor accumulation of PSMA-targeting radioligands. Ann Nucl Med 2024:10.1007/s12149-024-01930-8. [PMID: 38676906 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-024-01930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The marked success of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting radioligands with albumin binder (ALB) is attributed to the improvement of blood retention and tumor accumulation. [111In]In-PNT-DA1, our PSMA-targeting radioligand with ALB, also achieved improved tumor accumulation due to its prolonged blood retention. Although the advantage of ALBs is related to their reversible binding to albumin, the relationship between albumin-binding and tumor accumulation of PSMA-targeting radioligands remains unclear because of the lack of information about radioligands with stronger albumin-binding than ALBs. In this study, we designed and synthesized [111In]In-PNT-DM-HSA, a new radioligand that consists of a PSMA-targeting radioligand covalently bound to albumin. The pharmacokinetics of [111In]In-PNT-DM-HSA was compared with those of [111In]In-PNT-DA1 and [111In]In-PSMA-617, a non-ALB-conjugated radioligand, to evaluate the relationship between albumin-binding and tumor accumulation. METHOD The [111In]In-PNT-DM-HSA was prepared by incubation of [111In]In-PNT-DM, a PSMA-targeting radioligand including a maleimide group, and human serum albumin (HSA). The ability of [111In]In-PNT-DM-HSA was evaluated by in vitro assays. A biodistribution study using LNCaP tumor-bearing mice was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetics of [111In]In-PNT-DM-HSA, [111In]In-PNT-DA1, and [111In]In-PSMA-617. RESULTS The [111In]In-PNT-DM-HSA was obtained at a favorable radiochemical yield and high radiochemical purity. In vitro assays revealed that [111In]In-PNT-DM-HSA had fundamental characteristics as a PSMA-targeting radioligand interacting with albumin covalently. In a biodistribution study, [111In]In-PNT-DM-HSA and [111In]In-PNT-DA1 showed higher blood retention than [111In]In-PSMA-617. On the other hand, the tumor accumulation of [111In]In-PNT-DA1 was much higher than [111In]In-PNT-DM-HSA and [111In]In-PSMA-617. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the moderate reversible binding of ALB with albumin, not covalent binding, may play a critical role in enhancing the tumor accumulation of PSMA-targeting radioligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuki Kazuta
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shohei Tsuchihashi
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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Tsuchihashi S, Nakashima K, Watanabe H, Ono M. Synthesis and evaluation of novel trifunctional chelating agents for pretargeting approach using albumin binder to improve tumor accumulation. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 132-133:108911. [PMID: 38614036 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pretargeting approach consists of in vivo ligation between pre-injected antibodies and low-molecular-weight radiolabeled effectors. The advantage of the pretargeting approach is to improve a tumor-to-background ratio, but the disadvantage is to compromise tumor accumulation. In this study, we applied albumin binder (ALB) to the pretargeting approach to overcome low tumor accumulation. METHODS We synthesized two novel trifunctional effectors containing an ALB moiety, a chelator, and a different tetrazine and two corresponding effectors without an ALB moiety. Albumin-binding assays and stability assays were performed using 111In-labeled effectors. Measurements of reaction rate constant were conducted using 111In-labeled effectors and anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab modified by trans-cyclooctene, which drives the click reaction with tetrazine. Biodistribution studies using HER2-expressing tumor-bearing mice were performed with or without the pretargeting approach. RESULTS In albumin-binding assays, ALB-containing effectors exhibited a marked binding to albumin. Two ALB-containing effectors showed the difference in the reactivity and the slight difference in the stability. In biodistribution studies without the pretargeting approach, two ALB-containing effectors showed different pharmacokinetics in blood retention. With the pretargeting approach, the tumor accumulation was improved by the introduction of ALB and the highest tumor accumulation was observed in using the ALB-containing effector with higher blood retention. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the application of ALB to the pretargeting approach is effective to improve tumor accumulation, and the structure of tetrazine influences the utility of ALB-containing effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tsuchihashi
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuma Nakashima
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Busslinger SD, Becker AE, Vaccarin C, Deberle LM, Renz ML, Groehn V, Schibli R, Müller C. Investigations Using Albumin Binders to Modify the Tissue Distribution Profile of Radiopharmaceuticals Exemplified with Folate Radioconjugates. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4259. [PMID: 37686538 PMCID: PMC10486429 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introducing an albumin-binding entity into otherwise short-lived radiopharmaceuticals can be an effective means to improve their pharmacokinetic properties due to enhanced blood residence time. In the current study, DOTA-derivatized albumin binders based on 4-(p-iodophenyl)butanoate (DOTA-ALB-1 and DOTA-ALB-3) and 5-(p-iodophenyl)pentanoate entities (DOTA-ALB-24 and DOTA-ALB-25) without and with a hydrophobic 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid (AMBA) linker unit, respectively, were synthesized and labeled with lutetium-177 for in vitro and in vivo comparison. Overall, [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-ALB-1 demonstrated ~3-fold stronger in vitro albumin-binding affinity and a longer blood residence time (T50%IA ~8 h) than [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-ALB-24 (T50%IA ~0.8 h). Introducing an AMBA linker enhanced the albumin-binding affinity, resulting in a T50%IA of ~24 h for [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-ALB-3 and ~2 h for [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-ALB-25. The same albumin binders without or with the AMBA linker were incorporated into 6R- and 6S-5-methyltetrahydrofolate-based DOTA-conjugates (177Lu-RedFols). Biodistribution studies in mice performed with both diastereoisomers of [177Lu]Lu-RedFol-1 and [177Lu]Lu-RedFol-3, which comprised the 4-(p-iodophenyl)butanoate moiety, demonstrated a slower accumulation in KB tumors than those of [177Lu]Lu-RedFol-24 and [177Lu]Lu-RedFol-25 with the 5-(p-iodophenyl)pentanoate entity. In all cases, the tumor uptake was high (30-45% IA/g) 24 h after injection. Both diastereoisomers of [177Lu]Lu-RedFol-1 and [177Lu]Lu-RedFol-3 demonstrated high blood retention (3.8-8.7% IA/g, 24 h p.i.) and a 2- to 4-fold lower kidney uptake than the corresponding diastereoisomers of [177Lu]Lu-RedFol-24 and [177Lu]Lu-RedFol-25, which were more rapidly cleared from the blood (<0.2% IA/g, 24 h after injection). Kidney retention of the 6S-diastereoisomers of all 177Lu-RedFols was consistently higher than that of the respective 6R-diastereoisomers, irrespective of the albumin binder and linker unit used. It was demonstrated that the blood clearance data obtained with 177Lu-DOTA-ALBs had predictive value for the blood retention times of the respective folate radioconjugates. The use of these albumin-binding entities without or with an AMBA linker may serve for fine-tuning the blood retention of folate radioconjugates and also other radiopharmaceuticals and, hence, optimize their tissue distribution profiles. Dosimetry estimations based on patient data obtained with one of the most promising folate radioconjugates will be crucial to identify the dose-limiting organ, which will allow for selecting the most suitable folate radioconjugate for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D. Busslinger
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (S.D.B.); (A.E.B.); (C.V.); (L.M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Anna E. Becker
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (S.D.B.); (A.E.B.); (C.V.); (L.M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Christian Vaccarin
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (S.D.B.); (A.E.B.); (C.V.); (L.M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Luisa M. Deberle
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (S.D.B.); (A.E.B.); (C.V.); (L.M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Marie-Luise Renz
- Merck & Cie KmG, Im Laternenacker 5, 8200 Schaffhausen, Switzerland; (M.-L.R.); (V.G.)
| | - Viola Groehn
- Merck & Cie KmG, Im Laternenacker 5, 8200 Schaffhausen, Switzerland; (M.-L.R.); (V.G.)
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (S.D.B.); (A.E.B.); (C.V.); (L.M.D.); (R.S.)
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (S.D.B.); (A.E.B.); (C.V.); (L.M.D.); (R.S.)
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Tsuchihashi S, Nakashima K, Tarumizu Y, Ichikawa H, Jinda H, Watanabe H, Ono M. Development of Novel 111In/ 225Ac-Labeled Agent Targeting PSMA for Highly Efficient Cancer Radiotheranostics. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37285471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising target for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. We previously reported the effectiveness of PSMA-DA1 as a PSMA-targeting radiotheranostic agent containing an albumin binder moiety. To further enhance tumor uptake, we newly designed PSMA-NAT-DA1 (PNT-DA1) by the introduction of a lipophilic linker into PSMA-DA1. The PSMA affinity of [111In]In-PNT-DA1 was increased (Kd = 8.20 nM) compared with that of [111In]In-PSMA-DA1 (Kd = 89.4 nM). [111In]In-PNT-DA1 showed markedly high tumor accumulation (131.6% injected dose/g at 48 h post-injection), and [111In]In-PNT-DA1 enabled the visualization of the tumor clearly at 24 h post-injection with SPECT/CT imaging. The administration of [225Ac]Ac-PNT-DA1 (2.5 kBq) led to shrinkage of the tumor without marked toxicity, and the antitumor effects of [225Ac]Ac-PNT-DA1 were superior to those of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-DA1 and [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-617, which is the current gold standard for PSMA-targeting 225Ac-endoradiotherapy. These results suggest that the combination of [111In]In-PNT-DA1 and [225Ac]Ac-PNT-DA1 comprises a promising method of PSMA-targeting radiotheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tsuchihashi
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuma Nakashima
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Tarumizu
- Research Center, Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd., 3-1 Sodegaura-shi, Chiba 299-0266, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ichikawa
- Research Center, Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd., 3-1 Sodegaura-shi, Chiba 299-0266, Japan
| | - Hiroki Jinda
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Krutzek F, Donat CK, Ullrich M, Zarschler K, Ludik MC, Feldmann A, Loureiro LR, Kopka K, Stadlbauer S. Design and Biological Evaluation of Small-Molecule PET-Tracers for Imaging of Programmed Death Ligand 1. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092638. [PMID: 37174103 PMCID: PMC10177516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive molecular imaging of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint is of high clinical relevance for patient stratification and therapy monitoring in cancer patients. Here we report nine small-molecule PD-L1 radiotracers with solubilizing sulfonic acids and a linker-chelator system, designed by molecular docking experiments and synthesized according to a new, convergent synthetic strategy. Binding affinities were determined both in cellular saturation and real-time binding assay (LigandTracer), revealing dissociation constants in the single digit nanomolar range. Incubation in human serum and liver microsomes proved in vitro stability of these compounds. Small animal PET/CT imaging, in mice bearing PD-L1 overexpressing and PD-L1 negative tumors, showed moderate to low uptake. All compounds were cleared primarily through the hepatobiliary excretion route and showed a long circulation time. The latter was attributed to strong blood albumin binding effects, discovered during our binding experiments. Taken together, these compounds are a promising starting point for further development of a new class of PD-L1 targeting radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Krutzek
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cornelius K Donat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie-Charlotte Ludik
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Liliana R Loureiro
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Stadlbauer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Kim MH, Lee K, Oh K, Kim CH, Kil HS, Lee YJ, Lee KC, Chi DY. Evaluation of PSMA target diagnostic PET tracers for therapeutic monitoring of [ 177Lu]ludotadipep of prostate cancer: Screening of PSMA target efficiency and biodistribution using [ 18F]DCFPyL and [ 68Ga]PSMA-11. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 651:107-113. [PMID: 36801611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
We have compared the similarity of the in vivo distribution of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents [18F]DCFPyL, [68Ga]galdotadipep, and [68Ga]PSMA-11. This study is designed for a further selection of a PSMA-targeted PET imaging agent for the therapeutic evaluation of [177Lu]ludotadipep, our previously developed prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted prostate cancer therapeutic radiopharmaceutical. In vitro cell uptake was performed to evaluate the affinity to PSMA using PSMA + PC3-PIP, and PSMA- PC3-flu was used for the study. MicroPET/CT 60 min dynamic imaging and biodistribution were performed at 1, 2, and 4 h after injection. Autoradiography and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the PSMA + tumor target efficiency. In the microPET/CT image, [68Ga]PSMA-11 showed the highest uptake in the kidney among all three compounds. [18F]DCFPyL and [68Ga]PSMA-11 showed similar patterns of in vivo biodistribution and high tumor targeting efficiency, similar to those of[68Ga]galdotadipep. All three agents showed high uptake in tumor tissue on autoradiography, and PSMA expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Thus, [18F]DCFPyL or [68Ga]PSMA-11 can be used as a PET imaging agent to monitor [177Lu]ludotadipep therapy in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals, FutureChem Co. Ltd, Seoul, 04793, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyongkyu Lee
- Research Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals, FutureChem Co. Ltd, Seoul, 04793, Republic of Korea
| | - Keumrok Oh
- Research Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals, FutureChem Co. Ltd, Seoul, 04793, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hee Kim
- Research Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals, FutureChem Co. Ltd, Seoul, 04793, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seup Kil
- Research Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals, FutureChem Co. Ltd, Seoul, 04793, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yoon Chi
- Research Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals, FutureChem Co. Ltd, Seoul, 04793, Republic of Korea.
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Yang G, Gao H, Luo C, Zhao X, Luo Q, Shi J, Wang F. Palmitic Acid-Conjugated Radiopharmaceutical for Integrin αvβ3-Targeted Radionuclide Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1327. [PMID: 35890224 PMCID: PMC9321335 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is an emerging approach for patients with unresectable or metastatic tumors. Our previously optimized RGD peptide (3PRGD2) has excellent targeting specificity for a variety of integrin αvβ3/αvβ5-positive tumors and has been labeled with the therapeutic radionuclide [177Lu]LuCl3 for targeted radiotherapy of tumors. However, the rapid clearance of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-3PRGD2 (177Lu-3PRGD2) in vivo requires two doses of 111 MBq/3 mCi to achieve effective tumor suppression, limiting its further clinical application. Albumin binders have been attached to drugs to facilitate binding to albumin in vivo to prolong the drug half-life in plasma and obtain long-term effects. In this study, we modified 3PRGD2 with albumin-binding palmitic acid (Palm-3PRGD2) and then radiolabeled Palm-3PRGD2 with 177Lu. [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-Palm-3PRGD2 (177Lu-Palm-3PRGD2) retained a specific binding affinity for integrin αvβ3/αvβ5, with an IC50 value of 5.13 ± 1.16 nM. Compared with 177Lu-3PRGD2, the 177Lu-Palm-3PRGD2 circulation time in blood was more than 6 times longer (slow half-life: 73.42 min versus 11.81 min), and the tumor uptake increased more than fivefold (21.34 ± 4.65 %IA/g and 4.11 ± 0.70 %IA/g at 12 h post-injection). Thus, the significant increase in tumor uptake and tumor retention resulted in enhanced efficacy of targeted radiotherapy, and tumor growth was completely inhibited by a single and relatively lowdose of 18.5 MBq/0.5 mCi. Thus, 177Lu-Palm-3PRGD2 shows great potential for clinical application.
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Davis RA, Hausner SH, Harris R, Sutcliffe JL. A Comparison of Evans Blue and 4-( p-Iodophenyl)butyryl Albumin Binding Moieties on an Integrin α vβ 6 Binding Peptide. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040745. [PMID: 35456579 PMCID: PMC9025560 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum albumin binding moieties (ABMs) such as the Evans blue (EB) dye fragment and the 4-(p-iodophenyl)butyryl (IP) have been used to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of many radiopharmaceuticals. The goal of this work was to directly compare these two ABMs when conjugated to an integrin αvβ6 binding peptide (αvβ6-BP); a peptide that is currently being used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in patients with metastatic cancer. The ABM-modified αvβ6-BP peptides were synthesized with a 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetracetic acid (DOTA) chelator for radiolabeling with copper-64 to yield [64Cu]Cu DOTA-EB-αvβ6-BP ([64Cu]1) and [64Cu]Cu DOTA-IP-αvβ6-BP ([64Cu]2). Both peptides were evaluated in vitro for serum albumin binding, serum stability, and cell binding and internalization in the paired engineered melanoma cells DX3puroβ6 (αvβ6 +) and DX3puro (αvβ6 −), and pancreatic BxPC-3 (αvβ6 +) cells and in vivo in a BxPC-3 xenograft mouse model. Serum albumin binding for [64Cu]1 and [64Cu]2 was 53−63% and 42−44%, respectively, with good human serum stability (24 h: [64Cu]1 76%, [64Cu]2 90%). Selective αvβ6 cell binding was observed for both [64Cu]1 and [64Cu]2 (αvβ6 (+) cells: 30.3−55.8% and 48.5−60.2%, respectively, vs. αvβ6 (−) cells <3.1% for both). In vivo BxPC-3 tumor uptake for both peptides at 4 h was 5.29 ± 0.59 and 7.60 ± 0.43% ID/g ([64Cu]1 and [64Cu]2, respectively), and remained at 3.32 ± 0.46 and 4.91 ± 1.19% ID/g, respectively, at 72 h, representing a >3-fold improvement over the non-ABM parent peptide and thereby providing improved PET images. Comparing [64Cu]1 and [64Cu]2, the IP-ABM-αvβ6-BP [64Cu]2 displayed higher serum stability, higher tumor accumulation, and lower kidney and liver accumulation, resulting in better tumor-to-organ ratios for high contrast visualization of the αvβ6 (+) tumor by PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Sven H. Hausner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; (S.H.H.); (R.H.)
| | - Rebecca Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; (S.H.H.); (R.H.)
| | - Julie L. Sutcliffe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; (S.H.H.); (R.H.)
- Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-916-734-5536
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10
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Huynh TT, Sreekumar S, Mpoy C, Rogers BE. Therapeutic Efficacy of 177Lu-Labeled A20FMDV2 Peptides Targeting ανβ6. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020229. [PMID: 35215341 PMCID: PMC8876964 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin ανβ6 promotes migration and invasion of cancer cells, and its overexpression often correlates with poor survival. Therefore, targeting ανβ6 with radioactive peptides would be beneficial for cancer imaging and therapy. Previous studies have successfully developed radiotracers based on the peptide A20FMDV2 that showed good binding specificity for ανβ6. However, one concern of these ανβ6 integrin-targeting probes is that their rapid blood clearance and low tumor uptake would preclude them from being used for therapeutic purposes. In this study, albumin binders were used to increase tumor uptake for therapeutic applications while the non-albumin peptide was evaluated as a potential positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent. All peptides used the DOTA chelator for radiolabeling with either 68Ga for imaging or 177Lu for therapy. PET imaging with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-(PEG28)2-A20FMDV2 revealed specific tumor uptake in ανβ6-positive tumors. Albumin-binding peptides EB-DOTA-(PEG28)2-A20FMDV2 and IBA-DOTA-(PEG28)2-A20FMDV2 were radiolabeled with 177Lu. Biodistribution studies in normal mice showed longer blood circulation times for the albumin binding peptides compared to the non-albumin peptide. Therapy studies in mice demonstrated that both 177Lu-labeled albumin binding peptides resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition. We believe these are the first studies to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of a radiolabeled peptide targeting an ανβ6-positive tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc Thao Huynh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; (T.T.H.); (S.S.); (C.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Sreeja Sreekumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; (T.T.H.); (S.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Cedric Mpoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; (T.T.H.); (S.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Buck Edward Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; (T.T.H.); (S.S.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Sokolow GE, Crawley MR, Morphet DR, Asik D, Spernyak JA, McGray AJR, Cook TR, Morrow JR. Metal-Organic Polyhedron with Four Fe(III) Centers Producing Enhanced T 1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast in Tumors. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:2603-2611. [PMID: 35073060 PMCID: PMC9038074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A metal-organic polyhedron (MOP) with four paramagnetic Fe(III) centers was studied as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe. The MOP was characterized in solution by using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopies, Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry, and in the solid state with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Water proton T1 relaxation properties were examined in solution and showed significant enhancement in the presence of human serum albumin (HSA). The r1 relaxivities in the absence and presence of HSA were 8.7 mM-1 s-1 and 21 mM-1 s-1, respectively, per molecule (2.2 mM-1 s-1 and 5.3 mM-1 s-1 per Fe) at 4.7 T, 37 °C. In vivo studies of the iron MOP show strong contrast enhancement of the blood pool even at a low dose of 0.025 mmol/kg with prolonged residence in vasculature and clearance through the intestinal tract of mice. The MOP binds strongly to serum albumin and shows comparable accumulation in a murine tumor model as compared to a covalently linked Gd-HSA contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E. Sokolow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Matthew R. Crawley
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Daniel R. Morphet
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Didar Asik
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Joseph A. Spernyak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - A. J. Robert McGray
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Timothy R. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Janet R. Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
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12
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Liu T, Li L, Cheng C, He B, Jiang T. Emerging prospects of protein/peptide-based nanoassemblies for drug delivery and vaccine development. Nano Res 2022; 15:7267-7285. [PMID: 35692441 PMCID: PMC9166156 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Proteins have been widely used in the biomedical field because of their well-defined architecture, accurate molecular weight, excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, and easy-to-functionalization. Inspired by the wisdom of nature, increasing proteins/peptides that possess self-assembling capabilities have been explored and designed to generate nanoassemblies with unique structure and function, including spatially organized conformation, passive and active targeting, stimuli-responsiveness, and high stability. These characteristics make protein/peptide-based nanoassembly an ideal platform for drug delivery and vaccine development. In this review, we focus on recent advances in subsistent protein/peptide-based nanoassemblies, including protein nanocages, virus-like particles, self-assemblable natural proteins, and self-assemblable artificial peptides. The origin and characteristics of various protein/peptide-based assemblies and their applications in drug delivery and vaccine development are summarized. In the end, the prospects and challenges are discussed for the further development of protein/peptide-based nanoassemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Bingfang He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Tianyue Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
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13
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Brandt F, Ullrich M, Laube M, Kopka K, Bachmann M, Löser R, Pietzsch J, Pietzsch HJ, van den Hoff J, Wodtke R. "Clickable" Albumin Binders for Modulating the Tumor Uptake of Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals. J Med Chem 2021; 65:710-733. [PMID: 34939412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The intentional binding of radioligands to albumin gains increasing attention in the context of radiopharmaceutical cancer therapy as it can lead to an enhanced radioactivity uptake into the tumor lesions and, thus, to a potentially improved therapeutic outcome. However, the influence of the radioligand's albumin-binding affinity on the time profile of tumor uptake has been only partly addressed so far. Based on the previously identified Nε-4-(4-iodophenyl)butanoyl-lysine scaffold, we designed "clickable" lysine-derived albumin binders (cLABs) and determined their dissociation constants toward albumin by novel assay methods. Structure-activity relationships were derived, and selected cLABs were applied for the modification of the somatostatin receptor subtype 2 ligand (Tyr3)octreotate. These novel conjugates were radiolabeled with copper-64 and subjected to a detailed in vitro and in vivo radiopharmacological characterization. Overall, the results of this study provide an incentive for further investigations of albumin binders for applications in endoradionuclide therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Brandt
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Laube
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Reik Löser
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg van den Hoff
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Wodtke
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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14
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Ganguly T, Bauer N, Davis RA, Hausner SH, Tang SY, Sutcliffe JL. Evaluation of Copper-64-Labeled α vβ 6-Targeting Peptides: Addition of an Albumin Binding Moiety to Improve Pharmacokinetics. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4437-4447. [PMID: 34783573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of non-covalent albumin binding moieties (ABMs) into radiotracers results in increased circulation time, leading to a higher uptake in the target tissues such as the tumor, and, in some cases, reduced kidney retention. We previously developed [18F]AlF NOTA-K(ABM)-αvβ6-BP, where αvβ6-BP is a peptide with high affinity for the cell surface receptor integrin αvβ6 that is overexpressed in several cancers, and the ABM is an iodophenyl-based moiety. [18F]AlF NOTA-K(ABM)-αvβ6-BP demonstrated prolonged blood circulation compared to the non-ABM parent peptide, resulting in high, αvβ6-targeted uptake with continuously improving detection of αvβ6(+) tumors using PET/CT. To further extend the imaging window beyond that of fluorine-18 (t1/2 = 110 min) and to investigate the pharmacokinetics at later time points, we radiolabeled the αvβ6-BP with copper-64 (t1/2 = 12.7 h). Two peptides were synthesized without (1) and with (2) the ABM and radiolabeled with copper-64 to yield [64Cu]1 and [64Cu]2, respectively. The affinity of [natCu]1 and [natCu]2 for the integrin αvβ6 was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. [64Cu]1 and [64Cu]2 were evaluated in vitro (cell binding and internalization) using DX3puroβ6 (αvβ6(+)), DX3puro (αvβ6(-)), and pancreatic BxPC-3 (αvβ6(+)) cells, in an albumin binding assay, and for stability in both mouse and human serum. In vivo (PET/CT imaging) and biodistribution studies were done in mouse models bearing either the paired DX3puroβ6/DX3puro or BxPC-3 xenograft tumors. [64Cu]1 and [64Cu]2 were synthesized in ≥97% radiochemical purity. In vitro, [natCu]1 and [natCu]2 maintained low nanomolar affinity for integrin αvβ6 (IC50 = 28 ± 3 and 19 ± 5 nM, respectively); [64Cu]1 and [64Cu]2 showed comparable binding to αvβ6(+) cells (DX3puroβ6: ≥70%, ≥42% internalized; BxPC-3: ≥19%, ≥12% internalized) and ≤3% to the αvβ6(-) DX3puro cells. Both radiotracers were ≥98% stable in human serum at 24 h, and [64Cu]2 showed a 6-fold higher binding to human serum protein than [64Cu]1. In vivo, selective uptake in the αvβ6(+) tumors was observed with tumor visualization up to 72 h for [64Cu]2. A 3-5-fold higher αvβ6(+) tumor uptake of [64Cu]2 vs [64Cu]1 was observed throughout, at least 2.7-fold improved BxPC-3-to-kidney and BxPC-3-to-blood ratios, and 2-fold improved BxPC-3-to-stomach ratios were noted for [64Cu]2 at 48 h. Incorporation of an iodophenyl-based ABM into the αvβ6-BP ([64Cu]2) prolonged circulation time and resulted in improved pharmacokinetics, including increased uptake in αvβ6(+) tumors that enabled visualization of αvβ6(+) tumors up to 72 h by PET/CT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Ganguly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Nadine Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Ryan A Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Sven H Hausner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Sarah Y Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Julie L Sutcliffe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States.,Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
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15
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El Fakiri M, Geis NM, Ayada N, Eder M, Eder AC. PSMA-Targeting Radiopharmaceuticals for Prostate Cancer Therapy: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163967. [PMID: 34439121 PMCID: PMC8393521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary One of the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men is adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Once the disease is metastatic, only very limited treatment options are available, resulting in a very short median survival time of 13 months; however, this reality is gradually changing due to the discovery of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a protein that is present in cancerous prostate tissue. Researchers have developed pharmaceuticals specific for PSMA, ranging from antibodies (mAb) to low-molecular weight molecules coupled to beta minus and alpha-emitting radionuclides for their use in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). TRT offers the possibility of selectively removing cancer tissue via the emission of radiation or radioactive particles within the tumour. In this article, the major milestones in PSMA ligand research and the therapeutic developments are summarised, together with a future perspective on the enhancement of current therapeutic approaches. Abstract Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer among men, with 1.3 million yearly cases worldwide. Among those cancer-afflicted men, 30% will develop metastases and some will progress into metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), which is associated with a poor prognosis and median survival time that ranges from nine to 13 months. Nevertheless, the discovery of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a marker overexpressed in the majority of prostatic cancerous tissue, revolutionised PC care. Ever since, PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy has gained remarkable international visibility in translational oncology. Furthermore, on first clinical application, it has shown significant influence on therapeutic management and patient care in metastatic and hormone-refractory prostate cancer, a disease that previously had remained immedicable. In this article, we provide a general overview of the main milestones in the development of ligands for PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy, ranging from the firstly developed monoclonal antibodies to the current state-of-the-art low molecular weight entities conjugated with various radionuclides, as well as potential future efforts related to PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Fakiri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas M. Geis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nawal Ayada
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-270-74220
| | - Ann-Christin Eder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Alrfooh A, Patel A, Laroia S. Transarterial Radioembolization Agents: a Review of the Radionuclide Agents and the Carriers. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 55:162-172. [PMID: 34422126 PMCID: PMC8322227 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-021-00709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver tumors, both primary and secondary to metastatic disease, remain a major challenge, with an increasing incidence. In this context, taking advantage of the dual blood supply of the liver, and the fact that liver tumors derive majority of their blood supply from the hepatic artery, intraarterial therapies are gaining popularity. Intraarterial liver-directed therapy (IALDT) is the option when the surgery is not feasible due to the number of metastases or for other reasons. Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is a specific type of IALDT, where a carrier particle/microsphere is labeled with a radioactive substance and then is injected into hepatic artery for therapeutic purposes. As this field is rapidly evolving, with multiple agents being investigated and being introduced into clinical practice, it is hard for the practitioners and researchers to encompass all the available information concisely. This article aims to present a comprehensive review of the prominent TARE technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysheh Alrfooh
- University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Aditi Patel
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Sandeep Laroia
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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17
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Knaup FH, Meyners C, Charalampidou A, Krajczy P, Purder PL, Ross T, Hausch F. Med Chem Remote: The Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry 2021. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2411-2416. [PMID: 34101362 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Digital, but delicious! The Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry 2021 meeting, originally intended to take place in Darmstadt, carried on as an online event from March 8-10 this year. Even with pandemic restrictions, the event co-presented by the Medicinal Chemistry Division of the German Chemical Society (GDCh), the German Pharmaceutical Society (DPhG), and the Swiss Chemical Society (SCS) proved to be a success, showcasing excellent speakers and facilitating participant interaction in an ingenious virtual setting. Over 350 participants from more than 10 countries gathered to discuss the latest trends and directions in medicinal chemistry, with sessions on molecular glues, covalent fragments, transient binding pockets and more. This report presents a summary of the key lectures and activities at the event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian H Knaup
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Meyners
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anna Charalampidou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Patryk Krajczy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Patrick L Purder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tatjana Ross
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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Grob NM, Schibli R, Béhé M, Mindt TL. Improved Tumor-Targeting with Peptidomimetic Analogs of Minigastrin 177Lu-PP-F11N. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2629. [PMID: 34071914 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Several radiolabeled peptides targeting CCK2R-positive types of cancer (such as medullary thyroid cancer and small cell lung cancer) have been reported in the last 25 years, some of which have entered clinical trials. In an effort to improve its tumor-targeting properties, we applied chemical modifications to the backbone of the peptide 177Lu-PP-F11N, an analog of minigastrin in clinical trials. The generated radiolabeled peptidomimetics showed significantly improved characteristics in mice bearing CCK2R-positive tumor xenografts, such as higher tumor uptake, slower tumor washout, and increased tumor-to-kidney ratios. These properties make the novel compounds promising candidates for the imaging and therapy of CCK2R-positive tumors and metastases. Abstract The cholecystokinin-2 receptor (CCK2R) is an attractive target in nuclear medicine due to its overexpression by different tumors. Several radiolabeled peptidic ligands targeting the CCK2R have been investigated in the past; however, their low stability against proteases can limit their uptake in tumors and metastases. Substitution of single or multiple amide bonds with metabolically stable 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as amide bond bioisosteres proved a promising strategy for improving the tumor-targeting properties of a truncated analog of minigastrin. In this study, we applied the previously studied structural modifications to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of PP-F11N, a minigastrin analog currently in clinical trials. Novel minigastrins (NMGs) as analogs of PP-F11N with one or two amide bonds substituted by 1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized, radiolabeled with 177Lu3+, and subjected to full evaluation in vitro (cell internalization, receptor affinity, stability in blood plasma) and in vivo (stability, biodistribution, SPECT/CT imaging). NMGs with triazoles inserted between the amino acids DGlu10-Ala11 and/or Tyr12-Gly13 showed a significantly increased cellular uptake and affinity toward the CCK2R in vitro. Resistance against the metabolic degradation of the NMGs was comparable to those of the clinical candidate PP-F11N. Imaging by SPECT/CT and biodistribution studies demonstrated a higher uptake in CCK2R-positive tumors but also in the CCK2R-positive stomach. The peptidomimetic compounds showed a slow tumor washout and high tumor-to-kidney ratios. The structural modifications led to the identification of analogs with promising properties for progression to clinical applications in the diagnosis and therapy of CCK2R-positive neoplasms.
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Jussing E, Lu L, Grafström J, Tegnebratt T, Arnberg F, Rosik HW, Wennborg A, Holmin S, Feldwisch J, Stone-Elander S. [ 68Ga]ABY-028: an albumin-binding domain (ABD) protein-based imaging tracer for positron emission tomography (PET) studies of altered vascular permeability and predictions of albumin-drug conjugate transport. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:106. [PMID: 32960353 PMCID: PMC7509035 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Albumin is commonly used as a carrier platform for drugs to extend their circulatory half-lives and influence their uptake into tissues that have altered permeability to the plasma protein. The albumin-binding domain (ABD) protein, which binds in vivo to serum albumin with high affinity, has proven to be a versatile scaffold for engineering biopharmaceuticals with a range of binding capabilities. In this study, the ABD protein equipped with a mal-DOTA chelator (denoted ABY-028) was radiolabeled with gallium-68 (68Ga). This novel radiotracer was then used together with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to examine variations in the uptake of the ABD-albumin conjugate with variations in endothelial permeability. Results ABY-028, produced by peptide synthesis in excellent purity and stored at − 20 °C, was stable for 24 months (end of study). [68Ga]ABY-028 could be obtained with labeling yields of > 80% and approximately 95% radiochemical purity. [68Ga]ABY-028 distributed in vivo with the plasma pool, with highest radioactivity in the heart ventricles and major vessels of the body, a gradual transport over time from the circulatory system into tissues and elimination via the kidneys. Early [68Ga]ABY-028 uptake differed in xenografts with different vascular properties: mean standard uptake values (SUVmean) were initially 5 times larger in FaDu than in A431 xenografts, but the difference decreased to 3 after 1 h. Cutaneously administered, vasoactive nitroglycerin increased radioactivity in the A431 xenografts. Heterogeneity in the levels and rates of increases of radioactivity uptake was observed in sub-regions of individual MMTV-PyMT mammary tumors and in FaDu xenografts. Higher uptake early after tracer administration could be observed in lower metabolic regions. Fluctuations in the increased permeability for the tracer across the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) direct after experimentally induced stroke were monitored by PET and the increased uptake was confirmed by ex vivo phosphorimaging. Conclusions [68Ga]ABY-028 is a promising new tracer for visualization of changes in albumin uptake due to disease- and pharmacologically altered vascular permeability and their potential effects on the passive uptake of targeting therapeutics based on the ABD protein technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Jussing
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE17177, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE17177, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, SE17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Comparative Medicine (KERIC), Karolinska University Hospital, SE17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Grafström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Tegnebratt
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, SE17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabian Arnberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Wållberg Rosik
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Affibody AB, SE17165, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Staffan Holmin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sharon Stone-Elander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE17176, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Li H, Yuan L, Long Y, Fang H, Li M, Liu Q, Xia X, Qin C, Zhang Y, Lan X, Gai Y. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of a 68Ga-Radiolabeled Peptide Targeting Very Late Antigen-3 for PET Imaging of Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3000-3008. [PMID: 32544337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is highly malignant and has a five-year survival rate of 5% due to an early lymph node, nerve, and vascular metastasis. Integrin α3β1 (also called very late antigen-3, VLA-3) is overexpressed in many tumors and plays a vital role in tumor formation, recurrence, and metastasis. In this study, we developed a 68Ga-radiolabeled peptide tracer targeting the α3 unit of VLA-3 and evaluated its potential application in positron emission computed tomography (PET) imaging of pancreatic cancer. NOTA-CK11 was prepared by solid-phase synthesis and successfully radiolabeled with 68Ga with greater than 99% radiochemical purity and a specific activity of 37 ± 5 MBq/nmol (n = 5). The expression level of integrin α3 in three human pancreatic cancer cells was evaluated with the order of SW1990, BXPC-3, and PANC-1 from high to low, while the expression level of integrin β1 was relatively close. When SW1990 cells with the highest expression level of VLA-3 were stained with FITC-CK11, strong fluorescence was observed by flow cytometry and under a laser confocal microscope. However, no significant fluorescence was observed in the blocking group when treated with excessive CK11. 68Ga-NOTA-CK11 showed significant radioactivity accumulation in SW1990 cells and was blocked by CK11 successfully. Subsequent small-animal PET imaging and biodistribution studies in mice bearing SW1990 xenografts confirmed its high tumor uptake with a good tumor-to-blood ratio and tumor-to-muscle ratio (2.45 ± 0.31 and 3.65 ± 0.33, respectively) at 1 h post injection of the probe. In summary, we successfully developed a peptide-based imaging agent, 68Ga-NOTA-CK11, that showed a strong binding affinity with VLA-3 and good target specificity for SW1990 cells and xenografted pancreatic tumor, rending it a promising radiotracer for PET imaging of VLA-3 expression in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lujie Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yu Long
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hanyi Fang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qingyao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaotian Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chunxia Qin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yongxue Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yongkang Gai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
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Li Y, Chyan MK, Hamlin DK, Nguyen H, Vessella R, Wilbur DS. Evaluation of radioiodinated protein conjugates and their potential metabolites containing lysine-urea-glutamate (LuG), PEG and closo-decaborate(2-) as models for targeting astatine-211 to metastatic prostate cancer. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 92:217-227. [PMID: 32409263 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of lysine-urea-glutamate (LuG) for targeting the PSMA antigen on prostate cancer (PCa) is a promising method for delivering the alpha particle-emitting radionuclide astatine-211 (211At) to metastatic PCa. High kidney localization has been a problem with radiolabeled LuG derivatives, but has been adequately addressed in radiometal-labeled DOTA-LuG derivatives by linker optimization. Herein, we report an investigation of an alternate approach to diminishing the kidney concentrations of radiolabeled LuG-containing compounds. METHODS Our approach involves PEGylated LuG moieties and closo-decaborate (2-) moieties conjugated to streptavidin (SAv) or human serum albumin (HSA). After preparing the LuG conjugates, SAv and HSA conjugates were succinylated to decrease their kidney localization and radioiodinated for evaluation in athymic mice bearing C4-2B osseous PCa tumor xenografts. RESULTS Covalently attaching LuG to succinylated SAv and HSA significantly reduced kidney localization, but unfortunately succinylation resulted in decreased tumor concentrations. In contrast, a potential metabolite [131I]16b, an unconjugated LuG derivative containing a dPEG4® linker, provided tumor concentrations of ~15% ID/g at 4 h pi. A second unconjugated LuG derivative with a similar structure, but containing a dPEG12® linker, [131I]16a had tumor concentrations of ~4%ID/g at 4 h pi. Those results suggest that long PEG linkers also affect tumor localization in a negative manner. CONCLUSION Conjugation of PEGylated LuG derivatives to proteins can be an effective approach to diminishing kidney localization of radiolabeled LuG reagents, but the protein, linker and the method of linkage need to be further studied. Additionally, modification of the unconjugated 16b to decrease kidney localization may provide PCa targeting agents for use with radiohalogens, including 211At. Advances in knowledge and implications for patient care: This study is the first to evaluate PEGylated LuG and closo-decaborate (2-) moieties conjugated to proteins as potential methods for diminishing the kidney concentrations of radiolabeled LuG-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Li
- Radiochemistry Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States of America
| | - Ming-Kuan Chyan
- Radiochemistry Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States of America
| | - Donald K Hamlin
- Radiochemistry Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States of America
| | - Holly Nguyen
- GU Cancer Research Lab, Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Robert Vessella
- GU Cancer Research Lab, Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - D Scott Wilbur
- Radiochemistry Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States of America.
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Yao X, Zha Z, Ploessl K, Choi SR, Zhao R, Alexoff D, Zhu L, Kung HF. Synthesis and evaluation of novel radioiodinated PSMA targeting ligands for potential radiotherapy of prostate cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115319. [PMID: 32001090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Radioligand therapy (RLT) using prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting ligands is an attractive option for the treatment of Prostate cancer (PCa) and its metastases. We report herein a series of radioiodinated glutamate-urea-lysine-phenylalanine derivatives as new PSMA ligands in which l-tyrosine and l-glutamic acid moieties were added to increase hydrophilicity concomitant with improvement of in vivo targeting properties. Compounds 8, 15, 19a/19b and 23a/23b were synthesized and radiolabeled with 125I by iododestannylation. All iodinated compounds displayed high binding affinities toward PSMA (IC50 = 1-13 nM). In vitro cell uptake studies demonstrated that compounds containing an l-tyrosine linker moiety (8, 15 and 19a/19b) showed higher internalization than MIP-1095 and 23a/23b, both without the l-tyrosine linker moiety. Biodistribution studies in mice bearing PC3-PIP and PC3 xenografts showed that [125I]8 and [125I]15 with higher lipophilicity exhibited higher nonspecific accumulations in the liver and intestinal tract, whereas [125I]19a/19b and [125I]23a/23b containing additional glutamic acid moieties showed higher accumulations in the kidney and implanted PC3-PIP (PSMA+) tumors. [125I]23b displayed a promising biodistribution profile with favorable tumor retention, fast clearance from the kidney, and 2-3-fold lower uptake in the liver and blood than that observed for [125I]MIP-1095. [125/131I]23b may serve as an optimal PSMA ligand for radiotherapy treatment of prostate cancer over-expressing PSMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhihao Zha
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karl Ploessl
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seok Rye Choi
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruiyue Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David Alexoff
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Hank F Kung
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Peltek OO, Muslimov AR, Zyuzin MV, Timin AS. Current outlook on radionuclide delivery systems: from design consideration to translation into clinics. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:90. [PMID: 31434562 PMCID: PMC6704557 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals have proven to be effective agents, since they can be successfully applied for both diagnostics and therapy. Effective application of relevant radionuclides in pre-clinical and clinical studies depends on the choice of a sufficient delivery platform. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the most relevant aspects in radionuclide delivery using the most employed carrier systems, including, (i) monoclonal antibodies and their fragments, (ii) organic and (iii) inorganic nanoparticles, and (iv) microspheres. This review offers an extensive analysis of radionuclide delivery systems, the approaches of their modification and radiolabeling strategies with the further prospects of their implementation in multimodal imaging and disease curing. Finally, the comparative outlook on the carriers and radionuclide choice, as well as on the targeting efficiency of the developed systems is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksii O Peltek
- Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies (RRCRST) of Ministry of Public Health, Leningradskaya Street 70 Pesochny, Saint-Petersburg, 197758, Russian Federation
| | - Albert R Muslimov
- Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies (RRCRST) of Ministry of Public Health, Leningradskaya Street 70 Pesochny, Saint-Petersburg, 197758, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V Zyuzin
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Alexander S Timin
- Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies (RRCRST) of Ministry of Public Health, Leningradskaya Street 70 Pesochny, Saint-Petersburg, 197758, Russian Federation.
- Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.
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Abstract
This review describes general concepts with regard to radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic or therapeutic applications that help to understand the specific challenges encountered during the design, (radio)synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation and clinical translation of novel radiopharmaceuticals. The design of a radiopharmaceutical requires upfront decisions with regard to combining a suitable vector molecule with an appropriate radionuclide, considering the type and location of the molecular target, the desired application, and the time constraints imposed by the relatively short half-life of radionuclides. Well-designed in vitro and in vivo experiments allow nonclinical validation of radiotracers. Ultimately, in combination with a limited toxicology package, the radiotracer becomes a radiopharmaceutical for clinical evaluation, produced in compliance with regulatory requirements for medicines for intravenous (IV) injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Vandamme
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frederik Cleeren
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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