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Kidokoro T, Tomkinson GR, Lang JJ, Suzuki K. Physical fitness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of annual national physical fitness surveillance among 16,647,699 Japanese children and adolescents between 2013 and 2021. J Sport Health Sci 2023; 12:246-254. [PMID: 36343895 PMCID: PMC9635948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited nationally representative evidence is available on temporal trends in physical fitness (PF) for children and adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The primary aim was to examine the temporal trends in PF for Japanese children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary aim was to estimate the concurrent trends in body size (measured as body mass and height) and movement behaviors (exercise, screen, and sleep time). METHODS Census PF data for children in Grade 5 (aged 10-11 years) and adolescents in Grade 8 (aged 13-14 years) were obtained for the years 2013-2021 from the National Survey of Physical Fitness, Athletic Performance, and Exercise Habits in Japan (n = 16,647,699). PF and body size were objectively measured, and movement behaviors were self-reported. Using sample-weighted linear regression, temporal trends in mean PF were calculated before the pandemic (2013-2019) and during the pandemic (2019-2021) with adjustments for age, sex, body size, and exercise time. RESULTS When adjusted for age, sex, body size, and exercise time, there were significant declines in PF during the pandemic, with the largest declines observed in 20-m shuttle run (standardized (Cohen's) effect size (ES) = -0.109 per annum (p.a.)) and sit-ups performance (ES = -0.133 p.a.). The magnitude of the declines in 20-m shuttle run and sit-ups performances were 18- and 15-fold larger, respectively, than the improvements seen before the pandemic (2013-2019), after adjusting for age, sex, body size, and exercise time. During the pandemic, both body mass and screen time significantly increased, and exercise time decreased. CONCLUSION Declines in 20-m shuttle run and sit-ups performances suggest corresponding declines in population health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- Research Institute for Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan; Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai City 270-1695, Japan.
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai City 270-1695, Japan.
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Järvamägi M, Riso EM, Reisberg K, Jürimäe J. Development of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children in the Transition From Kindergarten to Basic School According to Participation in Organized Sports. Front Physiol 2022; 13:881364. [PMID: 35832477 PMCID: PMC9271798 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.881364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study examined the development of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children in the transition from kindergarten to basic school according to participation in organized sports and estimated the associations of CRF and body composition indices during the transition from childhood to preadolescence. Methods: Children participated in the three-staged study (kindergarten, 6.6 years, n = 212; 1st grade, 7.6 years, n = 136; and 5th grade, 11.5 years, n = 142) for 5 years and were categorized into three groups according to their participation in organized sports in the study period (whole period, episodically, and never). Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by performing a 20-m shuttle run test, while body composition was measured by skinfold thicknesses, and physical activity was registered with an accelerometer. International gender- and age-specific CRF reference normativities were also used to characterize the participants. Results: Children who participated consistently in organized sports had significantly higher CRF levels and lower body fatness (31.3 ± 13.5 laps in 20 m shuttle run; 21.1% ± 6.3% body fat) in 11.5 years than in children who had never participated in sports clubs (20.7 ± 12.0 laps in 20-m shuttle run; 26.1% ± 6.8% body fat). Body composition and CRF did not associate in consistently trained children. The proportion of 5th grade children demonstrating age-appropriate healthy CRF was almost threefold higher in the group of consistent sports training among both boys and girls than among non-members of sports clubs. Conclusion: Consistent attendance in organized sports in childhood and early preadolescence ensures higher CRF and healthier body composition than in children who had no experience of organized sports.
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González-Gil EM, Santaliestra-Pasías AM, Buck C, Gracia-Marco L, Lauria F, Pala V, Molnar D, Veidebaum T, Iacoviello L, Tornaritis M, Eiben G, Lissner L, Schwarz H, Ahrens W, De Henauw S, Fraterman A, Moreno LA. Improving cardiorespiratory fitness protects against inflammation in children: the IDEFICS study. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:681-689. [PMID: 33837254 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness (MF and CRF) have been related to inflammation. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between fitness and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in European children both in the cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. METHODS Three hundred and fifty-seven children (46.2% males) aged 2-9 years with hs-CRP measured, data from MF and CRF, diet quality, objectively measured physical activity (PA) and screen time at baseline and follow-up after 2 years were included. Body mass index z-score (zBMI), waist circumference (WC) and fat mass index (FMI) were assessed. MF and CRF were also dichotomized as follows: low-medium quartiles (Q1-Q3) and highest quartile (Q4). RESULTS At follow-up, children with the highest CRF (Q4) showed a lower probability of having high hs-CRP. In the longitudinal analysis, children who improved their CRF over time showed a significantly lower probability (p < 0.05) of being in the highest hs-CRP category at follow-up, independently of the body composition index considered: odds ratio (OR) = 0.22 for zBMI, OR = 0.17 for WC, and OR = 0.21 for FMI. CONCLUSIONS Improving CRF during childhood reduces the odds of an inflammatory profile, independently of body composition and lifestyle behaviours. These highlight the importance of enhancing fitness, especially CRF, to avoid an inflammatory state in children. IMPACT Improvements in the cardiorespiratory profile during childhood could reverse an unfavourable inflammatory status. There is a longitudinal and inverse association between CRF and inflammation in children. This is the first longitudinal study assessing the relationship between fitness and inflammation during childhood that takes also into account the lifestyle behaviours. Results from the present study suggest a protective role of fitness already in childhood. Efforts to improve fitness in children should be aimed at as inflammation could trigger future cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M González-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. .,GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba M Santaliestra-Pasías
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Christoph Buck
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fabio Lauria
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Denes Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- National Institute for Health Development, Center of Health and Behavioral Science, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Eiben
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Lauren Lissner
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Heike Schwarz
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany.,Institute of Statistics, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arno Fraterman
- Laboratoriumsmedizin Dortmund, Eberhard & Partner, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
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Santaliestra-Pasías AM, Moreno LA, Gracia-Marco L, Buck C, Ahrens W, De Henauw S, Hebestreit A, Kourides Y, Lauria F, Lissner L, Molnar D, Veidebaum T, González-Gil EM. Prospective physical fitness status and development of cardiometabolic risk in children according to body fat and lifestyle behaviours: The IDEFICS study. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12819. [PMID: 34002531 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated cardiometabolic risk (CMR) is an important factor for cardiovascular diseases later in life while physical fitness seems to decrease CMR. OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of the present study is to assess the association between muscular fitness (MF) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on CMR in European children, both cross-sectional and longitudinally. METHODS A total of 289 children (49.5% males) from eight European countries, aged 6 to 9, with longitudinal information on blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, homoeostasis model assessment, body mass index, data on fitness level, objectively measured physical activity (PA), diet quality, and total screen time were included. A CMR score was calculated and dichotomized. MF and CRF were also dichotomized. Cross-sectional and longitudinal multilevel logistic regressions adjusting for lifestyle behaviours were performed. RESULTS Reaching a high level of MF during childhood as well as remaining in that level over-time were associated with an 82% and 62% lower probability of high CMR at follow-up, respectively. Also, children who became top CRF over time, showed a 77% lower probability (P < 0.05) of being in the highest CMR quartile at follow-up, independently of sociodemographic and lifestyle indicators. CONCLUSIONS A high MF at early childhood and during childhood reduces the odds of having CMR. Same occurs with the improvement of CRF during childhood. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing fitness to avoid CMR already in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba M Santaliestra-Pasías
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Christoph Buck
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.,Institute of Statistics, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Fabio Lauria
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Lauren Lissner
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Denes Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- National Institute for Health Development, Center of Health and Behavioral Science, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Esther M González-Gil
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Fan C, Sun R, Nie M, Wang M, Yao Z, Feng Q, Xu W, Yuan R, Gao Z, Cheng Q, Wang J. The Cardiorespiratory fitness of children and adolescents in Tibet at altitudes over 3,500 meters. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256258. [PMID: 34411164 PMCID: PMC8375997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is the core element of health-related physical fitness evaluation. High pressure and low oxygen in Tibet (over 3,500 m above sea level) may negatively impact the residents' CRF. The 20-m shuttle run test (20mSRT) is the most popular field-based assessment and estimate of CRF in children and adolescents worldwide. However, normative CRF data for the children and adolescents residing in China's plateau region are unavailable, which prevents comparability among those living at high-altitudes around the world. PURPOSE To measure the CRF of Chinese children and adolescents aged 9-18 years living in Tibet at altitudes exceeding 3,500 m, and to identify correlations between this metric and demographic characteristics (age, sex, and ethnicity). These data were then compared with those generated in the lowland (Shanghai, China) and various global regions. METHODS 20mSRT performance (number of completed laps) and predicted peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were used as indicators of CRF. We measured the CRF of 1,717 healthy children and adolescents aged 9-18 years living in Tibet. The CRF data from school-age subjects in Shanghai (2,437 boys and 2,396 girls) and worldwide (1,142,026 students from 50 countries/regions in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America, and Oceania) were collated from published papers. RESULTS The average CRF of the participants from Tibet was 39.8 mL/kg/min. The male subjects (n = 876; 41.1 ± 4.42 mL/kg/min) had a higher average CRF than their female counterparts (n = 841; 37.8 ± 5.40 mL/kg/min). CRF decreased with age in both sexes at statistical significance (F = 1249.9, p for trend 0.05). The indigenous Tibetans (n = 1289; 40.1 ± 3.71 mL/kg/min) had a significant higher average CRF than those of Han descent (n = 394; 38.9 ± 4.70 mL/kg/min) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents aged 7-18 years residing above 3,500 m in Tibet displayed lower CRF traits compared with their counterparts from the plains area and other high altitude places. CRF varied according to age, sex, and ethnic group. Given the importance of CRF in children and adolescents, effective intervention strategies should be implemented to improve CRF in children and adolescents on the plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Fan
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Ruizhe Sun
- Physical Fitness Research Center, Tibet Institute of Sport Science, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Mingjian Nie
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
- Beijing Sport University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Wang
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Physical Fitness Research Center, Tibet Institute of Sport Science, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Xu
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Runzi Yuan
- College of Physical Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Zhongfang Gao
- College of Physical Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Qiaorui Cheng
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
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Gracia-Marco L, Esteban-Cornejo I, Ubago-Guisado E, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Mora-Gonzalez J, Solis-Urra P, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Verdejo-Roman J, Catena A, Erickson KI, Ortega FB. Lean mass index is positively associated with white matter volumes in several brain regions in children with overweight/obesity. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12604. [PMID: 31920013 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship of obesity with grey and white matter volumes has been examined in several studies, and the results are decidedly mixed. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI) with total and regional grey and white matter volumes. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study involving 100 children (60% boys) with overweight/obesity. T1-weighted images were acquired using magnetic resonance imaging. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure body composition. Separate hierarchical regression analyses were performed between predictor variables (BMI, FMI and LMI) and the total brain volumes including sex, years from peak height velocity and parental education as covariates. In addition, FMI was added as a covariate when LMI was the predictor and vice versa. Statistical analyses of imaging data were performed using three whole-brain voxel-wise multiple regression models and adjusted by the same covariates. RESULTS LMI was positively associated with white matter in numerous regions and to a lower extent, with grey matter regions. Further, the relationship between LMI, and grey and white matter regions was independent of FMI levels. CONCLUSIONS LMI seems to be a positive predictor of regional white matter volumes in children with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gracia-Marco
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Patricio Solis-Urra
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,IRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,MOVE-IT Research Group and Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Verdejo-Roman
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada (CIMCYC-UGR), Granada, Spain.,Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andres Catena
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Brain Aging and Cognitive Health Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Mäestu E, Harro J, Veidebaum T, Kurrikoff T, Jürimäe J, Mäestu J. Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness through adolescence predict metabolic syndrome in young adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:701-708. [PMID: 32131988 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been suggested to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to longitudinally examine the changes of CRF on MetS and its risk factors from adolescence to adulthood. METHODS AND RESULTS At the age of 15 years, 1076 subjects were recruited from 2 cohorts. CRF was measured on a cycle ergometer. MetS was classified as having at least 3 of the following parameters above the threshold of risk factors: waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), high blood pressure (BP) and fasting glucose. In addition, insulin, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Persistently high, increasing, decreasing and persistently low CRF groups were formed according to change in CRF from adolescence to adulthood. Longitudinal increase in CRF was positively associated with change in HDL and negatively associated with change in insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, BP and prevalence of MetS after adjustment for potential confounders. Subjects with persistently low CRF had 11.5- to 34.4-times higher risk of MetS at the age of 25 and 33 years compared to subjects with persistently high CRF and 14.6- to 15.9-times higher risk compared to the increasing CRF group. CONCLUSION Higher CRF is strongly related to lower values of MetS risk factors. Increasing CRF from adolescence to adulthood reduces the risk to have MetS later in adulthood. High CRF in adolescence that decreases during adulthood has similar risks to MetS compared to individuals with persistently low CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Mäestu
- Department of Exercise Biology, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Jaanus Harro
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Triin Kurrikoff
- Institute of Social Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Jürimäe
- Department of Exercise Biology, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jarek Mäestu
- Department of Exercise Biology, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Kidokoro T, Suzuki K, Naito H, Balasekaran G, Song JK, Park SY, Liou YM, Lu D, Poh BK, Kijboonchoo K, Hui SSC. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity attenuates the detrimental effects of television viewing on the cardiorespiratory fitness in Asian adolescents: the Asia-fit study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1737. [PMID: 31881869 PMCID: PMC6933659 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-8079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and television viewing are independently associated with cardiorespiratory fitness. However, limited evidence is available on their combined effects, specifically of MVPA and watching television, on cardiorespiratory fitness in the young Asian population. Therefore, the present study examined whether MVPA can attenuate the detrimental effects of prolonged television viewing on the cardiorespiratory fitness of Asian adolescents. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study on 9553 adolescents (aged 12-15 years) from 8 Asian metropolitan cities (Tokyo, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Taipei, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Seoul, and Singapore). Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by using a 15-m progressive aerobic capacity endurance run (PACER) test. The time spent on MVPA and watching television was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. RESULTS MVPA was more closely associated with the PACER score than the duration of watching television. Compared with the reference group (i.e. those with the lowest levels of MVPA [< 30 min/day] and the most sedentary [≥3 h/day of television time]), PACER scores were significantly higher for those who met the physical activity recommendation (≥60 min/day in MVPA), regardless of the duration of television viewing. Conversely, girls in the least active group (< 30 min/day of MVPA) who watched television < 1 h/day demonstrated better PACER scores than the reference group. CONCLUSIONS Sufficient MVPA (≥60 min/day) can attenuate the detrimental effects of excessive television viewing with cardiorespiratory fitness in Asian adolescents. In addition, the duration of television viewing had significant but weaker associations with cardiorespiratory fitness compared to MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- Department of Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.,Department of Health & Physical Education, International Christian University, 3-10-2 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8585, Japan
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Department of Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Department of Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Govindasamy Balasekaran
- Physical Education & Sports Science, Nanyang Technological University, NIE5-03-37, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Jong Kook Song
- Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Park
- Graduate School of Education, Yong In University, 134 Cheoin-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
| | - Yiing Mei Liou
- School of Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Dajiang Lu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Bee Koon Poh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kallaya Kijboonchoo
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon, 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Stanley Sai-Chuen Hui
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Rm G10, Kwok Sports Building, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Merino-De Haro I, Mora-Gonzalez J, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Borras PA, Benito PJ, Chiva-Bartoll O, Torrijos-Niño C, Samaniego-Sánchez C, Quesada-Granados JJ, Sánchez-Delgado A, Dorado-García C, García-Martínez JM, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Labayen I, Ortega FB. Higher socioeconomic status is related to healthier levels of fatness and fitness already at 3 to 5 years of age: The PREFIT project. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:1327-1337. [PMID: 30588878 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1558509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and fatness and fitness in preschoolers. 2,638 preschoolers (3-5 years old; 47.2% girls) participated. SES was estimated from the parental educational and occupational levels, and the marital status. Fatness was assessed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Physical fitness components were assessed using the PREFIT battery. Preschoolers whose parents had higher educational levels had lower fatness (P < 0.05). BMI significantly differed across occupational levels of each parent (P < 0.05) and WHtR across paternal levels (P = 0.004). Musculoskeletal fitness was different across any SES factor (P < 0.05), except handgrip across paternal occupational levels (P ≥ 0.05). Preschoolers with high paternal occupation had higher speed/agility (P = 0.005), and those with high or low maternal education had higher VO2max (P = 0.046). Odds of being obese and having low musculoskeletal fitness was lower as SES was higher (P < 0.05). Those with married parents had higher cardiorespiratory fitness than single-parent ones (P = 0.010). School-based interventions should be aware of that children with low SES are at a higher risk of obesity and low fitness already in the first years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Merino-De Haro
- a PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Jose Mora-Gonzalez
- a PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- a PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Pere A Borras
- b Physical activity and sport sciences research group, Schools for Health Europe Network Research Group , University of the Balearic Islands , Palma , Spain
| | - Pedro J Benito
- c LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF , Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Oscar Chiva-Bartoll
- d Department of Education and Specific Didactics, LIFE Research Group , University of Jaume I , Castellón , Spain
| | - Coral Torrijos-Niño
- e Health and Social Research Center , University of Castilla-La Mancha , Cuenca , Spain
| | - Cristina Samaniego-Sánchez
- f Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Sánchez-Delgado
- g Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences , University of Cádiz , Puerto Real , Spain
| | - Cecilia Dorado-García
- h Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Dept Physical Education , Palmas de Gran Canaria University , Las Palmas , Spain
| | - José M García-Martínez
- i Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences , University of Almeria , Almería , Spain.,j SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center , University of Almería , Almería , Spain
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- k GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) research group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001-Huesca, Spain), Department of Physiatry and Nursing , University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- l Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra , Campus de Arrosadía , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- a PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,m Department of Biosciences and Nutrition , Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden
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10
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Buchan DS, Knox G, Jones AM, Tomkinson GR, Baker JS. Utility of international normative 20 m shuttle run values for identifying youth at increased cardiometabolic risk. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:507-514. [PMID: 30113241 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1511318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of international normative centiles for the 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT) to identify youth at increased cardiometabolic risk. This was a cross-sectional study involving 961 children aged 10-17 years (53% girls) from the United Kingdom. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves determined the discriminatory ability of cardiorespiratory fitness percentiles for predicting increased cardiometabolic risk. ROC analysis demonstrated a significant but poor discriminatory accuracy of cardiorespiratory fitness in identifying low/high cardiometabolic risk in girls (AUC = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.54-0.63; p = 0.04), and in boys (AUC = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.54-0.63; p = 0.03). The cardiorespiratory fitness cut-off associated with high cardiometabolic risk was the 55th percentile (sensitivity = 33.3%; specificity = 84.5%) in girls and the 60th percentile (sensitivity = 42.9%; specificity = 73.6%) in boys. These 20mSRT percentile thresholds can be used to identify children and adolescents who may benefit from lifestyle intervention. Nonetheless, further work involving different populations and cardiometabolic risk scores comprising of different variables are needed to confirm our initial findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan S Buchan
- a Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science , University of the West of Scotland , Lanarkshire , UK
| | - Gareth Knox
- b Department of Sport, Hartpury College , University Centre Hartpury , Gloucester , UK
| | - Anwen M Jones
- c Cardiff School of Sport , Cardiff Metropolitan University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- d Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education , University of North Dakota , Grand Forks , ND , USA.,e Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences , University of South Australia , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Julien S Baker
- a Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science , University of the West of Scotland , Lanarkshire , UK
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11
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Agostinis-sobrinho CA, Ruiz JR, Moreira C, Abreu S, Luís L, Oliveira-santos J, Mota J, Santos R. Cardiorespiratory fitness and inflammatory profile on cardiometabolic risk in adolescents from the LabMed Physical Activity Study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:2271-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Izquierdo-Gomez R, Marques A. Socioeconomic indicators, obesity, and physical fitness in south Brazilian adolescents with Down syndrome. Int J Dev Disabil 2017; 64:255-261. [PMID: 34141313 PMCID: PMC8115495 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2017.1295010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim was to examine the association of potential socioeconomic indicators with obesity and physical fitness components in south Brazilian adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods: This study comprised a total of 1249 (669 boys) adolescents with Down syndrome aged 10 to 20 with complete baseline data. Socioeconomic indicators were assessed by a proxy-report questionnaire. Body mass index and physical fitness were assessed using a PROES-BR health-related fitness test battery. Results: Socioeconomic status is not associated with body mass index in adolescents with Down syndrome. In addition, two of five physical fitness variables were associated with groups of family income and paternal education level in boys, while one of five physical fitness variables were associated with groups of paternal and maternal education level in girls. Conclusion: Our results suggest that socioeconomic indicators are associated with some components of physical fitness in Brazilian adolescents with Down syndrome. These associations depend on the socioeconomic status and physical fitness components in boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Izquierdo-Gomez
- Faculty of Science Education, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandre Marques
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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13
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Ruiz JR, Cavero-redondo I, Ortega FB, Welk GJ, Andersen LB, Martinez-vizcaino V. Cardiorespiratory fitness cut points to avoid cardiovascular disease risk in children and adolescents; what level of fitness should raise a red flag? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50:1451-8. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Lang JJ, Tremblay MS, Léger L, Olds T, Tomkinson GR. International variability in 20 m shuttle run performance in children and youth: who are the fittest from a 50-country comparison? A systematic literature review with pooling of aggregate results. Br J Sports Med 2016; 52:276. [PMID: 27650256 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe and compare 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT) performance among children and youth across 50 countries; to explore broad socioeconomic indicators that correlate with 20mSRT performance in children and youth across countries and to evaluate the utility of the 20mSRT as an international population health indicator for children and youth. METHODS A systematic review was undertaken to identify papers that explicitly reported descriptive 20mSRT (with 1-min stages) data on apparently healthy 9-17 year-olds. Descriptive data were standardised to running speed (km/h) at the last completed stage. Country-specific 20mSRT performance indices were calculated as population-weighted mean z-scores relative to all children of the same age and sex from all countries. Countries were categorised into developed and developing groups based on the Human Development Index, and a correlational analysis was performed to describe the association between country-specific performance indices and broad socioeconomic indicators using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS Performance indices were calculated for 50 countries using collated data on 1 142 026 children and youth aged 9-17 years. The best performing countries were from Africa and Central-Northern Europe. Countries from South America were consistently among the worst performing countries. Country-specific income inequality (Gini index) was a strong negative correlate of the performance index across all 50 countries. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of variability in the performance index broadly supports the theory of a physical activity transition and income inequality as the strongest structural determinant of health in children and youth. This simple and cost-effective assessment would be a powerful tool for international population health surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Lang
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luc Léger
- Département de kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tim Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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15
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Tomkinson GR, Lang JJ, Tremblay MS, Dale M, LeBlanc AG, Belanger K, Ortega FB, Léger L. International normative 20 m shuttle run values from 1 142 026 children and youth representing 50 countries. Br J Sports Med 2016; 51:1545-1554. [PMID: 27208067 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-095987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop sex-specific and age-specific international norms for the 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT) in children and youth (aged 9-17 years), and to estimate the prevalence meeting the FITNESSGRAM criterion-referenced standards for healthy cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE). METHODS A systematic review was undertaken to identify papers explicitly reporting descriptive 20mSRT (with 1 min stages) data on children and youth since 1981. Data were included on apparently healthy (free from known disease/injury) 9-17 years old. Following standardisation to a common metric and for protocol differences, pseudo data were generated using Monte Carlo simulation, with population-weighted sex-specific and age-specific normative centiles generated using the Lambda Mu and Sigma (LMS) method. Sex-related and age-related differences were expressed as per cent and standardised differences in means. The prevalence with healthy CRE was estimated using the sex-specific and age-specific FITNESSGRAM criterion-referenced standards for [Formula: see text]. RESULTS Norms were displayed as tabulated centiles and as smoothed centile curves for the 20mSRT using 4 common metrics (speed at the last completed stage, completed stages/minutes, laps and relative [Formula: see text]). The final data set included 1 142 026 children and youth from 50 countries, extracted from 177 studies. Boys consistently outperformed girls at each age group (mean difference±95% CI: 0.86±0.28 km/h or 0.79±0.20 standardised units), with the magnitude of age-related increase larger for boys than for girls. A higher proportion of boys (mean±95% CI: 67±14%) had healthy CRE than girls (mean±95% CI: 54±17%), with the prevalence of healthy CRE decreasing systematically with age. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date set of international sex-specific and age-specific 20mSRT norms for children and youth, which have utility for health and fitness screening, profiling, monitoring and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Tomkinson
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Justin J Lang
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Dale
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Kevin Belanger
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Luc Léger
- Département de kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Pärn T, Grau Ruiz R, Kunovac Kallak T, Ruiz JR, Davey E, Hreinsson J, Wånggren K, Salumets A, Sjöström M, Stavreus-Evers A, Ortega FB, Altmäe S. Physical activity, fatness, educational level and snuff consumption as determinants of semen quality: findings of the ActiART study. Reprod Biomed Online 2015; 31:108-19. [PMID: 25999214 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the association between physical activity and other potential determinants, objectively measured by accelerometry, was examined. Sixty-two men attending an infertility clinic participated in the study. Obese men (body mass index ≥ 30) and those with a waist circumference 102 cm or more had lower semen volume than the other men (P < 0.05). Higher values in sperm parameters were observed in participants who completed university studies and those who did not consume snuff, compared with the other participants (P < 0.05). Finally, men who spent an average number of 10 min-bouts of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity had significantly better semen quality than those who engaged in low or high numbers of bouts of activity (P < 0.05). No associations were found for sedentary or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time when it was not sustained over 10 min, i.e. not in bouts. Men who have average levels of physical activity over sustained periods of 10 min are likely to have better semen quality than men who engage in low or high levels of such activity. Similarly, high levels of total and central adiposity, low educational level and snuff consumption are negatively related to semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triin Pärn
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7-9, NOVUM Huddinge, 14183 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raúl Grau Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, School of Sport Sciences, Carretera Alfacar s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Theodora Kunovac Kallak
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7-9, NOVUM Huddinge, 14183 Stockholm, Sweden; PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, School of Sport Sciences, Carretera Alfacar s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Eva Davey
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julius Hreinsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kjell Wånggren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61b, 50410 Tartu, Estonia; Women's Clinic, University of Tartu, Puusepa 8, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Michael Sjöström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7-9, NOVUM Huddinge, 14183 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anneli Stavreus-Evers
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7-9, NOVUM Huddinge, 14183 Stockholm, Sweden; PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, School of Sport Sciences, Carretera Alfacar s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Signe Altmäe
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61b, 50410 Tartu, Estonia; Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de Madrid, 11, 18012 Granada, Spain.
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Slopen N, Goodman E, Koenen KC, Kubzansky LD. Socioeconomic and other social stressors and biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in youth: a systematic review of less studied risk factors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64418. [PMID: 23691213 PMCID: PMC3656855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Socioeconomic disadvantage and other social stressors in childhood have been linked with cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood; however the mechanisms underlying these observed associations and the timing of their emergence are unclear. The aim of this review was to evaluate research that examined relationships between socioeconomic disadvantage and other social stressors in relation to less-studied cardiometabolic risk factors among youth, including carbohydrate metabolism-related factors, lipids, and central adiposity. Methods We searched PubMed and ISI Web of Science to identify relevant publications between 2001 and 2013.Studies were selected based on 4 criteria: (1) the study examined an association between at least one social or economic stressor and one relevant outcome prior to age 21; (2) the sample originated from a high-income country; (3) the sample was not selected based on a health condition; and (4) a central aim was to evaluate the effect of the social or economic stressor on at least one relevant outcome. Abstracts were screened and relevant publications were obtained and evaluated for inclusion criteria. We abstracted data from selected articles, summarized them by exposures and outcomes, and assigned an evidence grade. Results Our search identified 37 publications from 31 studies. Socioeconomic disadvantage was consistently associated with greater central adiposity. Research to date does not provide clear evidence of an association between childhood stressors and lipids or carbohydrate metabolism-related factors. Conclusions This review demonstrates a paucity of research on the relationship of socioeconomic disadvantage and other social stressors to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism-related factors in youth. Accordingly, it is not possible to form strong conclusions, particularly with regard to stressors other than socioeconomic disadvantage. Findings are used to inform priorities for future research. An improved understanding of these pathways is critical for identifying novel prevention targets and intervention opportunities to protect the long-term health of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Slopen
- Center on the Developing Child, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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