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Parcheta-Szwindowska P, Habaj J, Krzemińska I, Datta J. A Comprehensive Review of Reactive Flame Retardants for Polyurethane Materials: Current Development and Future Opportunities in an Environmentally Friendly Direction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5512. [PMID: 38791552 PMCID: PMC11121908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyurethanes are among the most significant types of polymers in development; these materials are used to produce construction products intended for work in various conditions. Nowadays, it is important to develop methods for fire load reduction by using new kinds of additives or monomers containing elements responsible for materials' fire resistance. Currently, additive antipyrines or reactive flame retardants can be used during polyurethane material processing. The use of additives usually leads to the migration or volatilization of the additive to the surface of the material, which causes the loss of the resistance and aesthetic values of the product. Reactive flame retardants form compounds containing special functional groups that can be chemically bonded with monomers during polymerization, which can prevent volatilization or migration to the surface of the material. In this study, reactive flame retardants are compared. Their impacts on polyurethane flame retardancy, combustion mechanism, and environment are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Parcheta-Szwindowska
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (J.H.); (I.K.); (J.D.)
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2
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Mârșolea (Cristea) AC, Mocanu A, Stănescu PO, Brincoveanu O, Orbeci C, Irodia R, Pîrvu C, Dinescu A, Bobirica C, Rusen E. Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane flexible foams provided from PET derivatives, fly ash, and glass wastes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23097. [PMID: 38205075 PMCID: PMC10777411 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study involved the synthesis and characterization of polyurethane (PUR) foams obtained from poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) depolymerization products and two types of filling agents, namely fly ash and glass waste. The depolymerized PET-based products were obtained by zinc acetate-catalyzed glycolysis process in diethylene glycol (DEG) as a co-reactant. The resulting glycolysis products were contacted with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, castor oil, and reinforcing agents. The resulting PUR specimens were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), EDX mapping, mechanical tests, and thermal analysis. The analysis confirmed that the best mechanical performances were registered by the specimens with the lowest concentration of filling agent, while the highest thermal resistance was achieved by the PUR foams with the highest concentration of reinforcing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Mocanu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, 1- 7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies – IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Paul Octavian Stănescu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, 1- 7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Brincoveanu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies – IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, ICUB Bucharest, Soseaua Panduri, nr. 90, Sector 5, 050663, Bucureşti, Romania
| | - Cristina Orbeci
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, 1- 7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roberta Irodia
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, 1- 7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Pîrvu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, 1- 7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Dinescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies – IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Bobirica
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, 1- 7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Edina Rusen
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, 1- 7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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Hornak J, Černohous J, Prosr P, Rous P, Trnka P, Baran A, Hardoň Š. A Comprehensive Study of Polyurethane Potting Compounds Doped with Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061532. [PMID: 36987311 PMCID: PMC10059885 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, polyurethanes (PURs) have become a very promising group of materials with considerable utilization and innovation potential. This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the changes in material properties important for PUR applications in the electrical industry due to the incorporation of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles at different weight ratios. From the results of the investigations carried out, it is evident that the incorporation of MgO improves the volume (by up to +0.5 order of magnitude) and surface (+1 order of magnitude) resistivities, reduces the dielectric losses at higher temperatures (-62%), improves the thermal stability of the material, and slows the decomposition reaction of polyurethane at specific temperatures (+30 °C). In contrast, the incorporation of MgO results in a slight decrease in the dielectric strength (-15%) and a significant decrease in the mechanical strength (-37%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Hornak
- Department of Materials and Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Černohous
- Department of Materials and Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Prosr
- Department of Materials and Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rous
- Department of Materials and Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Trnka
- Department of Materials and Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Anton Baran
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Košice, Park Komenského 2, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Hardoň
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Žilina, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia
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Chiang CH, Mohamed MG, Chen WC, Madhu M, Tseng WL, Kuo SW. Construction of Fluorescent Conjugated Polytriazole Containing Double-Decker Silsesquioxane: Click Polymerization and Thermal Stability. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020331. [PMID: 36679213 PMCID: PMC9863912 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study synthesized two azide-functionalized monomers through p-dichloro xylene and double-decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ) units with NaN3 to form DB-N3 and DDSQ-N3 monomers, respectively. In addition, five different propargyl-functionalized monomers were also prepared from hydroquinone, bisphenol A, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (then reacted with hydrazine hydrate solution) and 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-diphenylethene with propargyl bromide to form P-B, P-BPA, P-CO, P-NP, and P-TPE monomers, respectively. As a result, various DDSQ-based main chain copolymers could be synthesized using Cu(I)-catalyzed click polymerization through DDSQ-N3 with different propargyl-functionalized monomers, of which the chemical structure and molecular weight could be confirmed by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy analyses also could characterize the thermal stability, morphology, and optical behaviors of these DDSQ-based copolymers. All results indicate that the incorporation of an inorganic DDSQ cage could improve the thermal stability such as thermal decomposition temperature and char yield, because of the DDSQ dispersion homogeneously in the copolymer matrix, and this would then affect the optical properties of NP and TPE units in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Husan Chiang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Manivannan Madhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lung Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (S.-W.K.)
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Růžičková J, Raclavská H, Juchelková D, Šafář M, Kucbel M, Švédová B, Slamová K, Grobelak A. The use of polymer compounds in the deposits from the combustion of briquettes in domestic heating as an identifier of fuel quality. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:8582-8600. [PMID: 34762237 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The utilisation of waste wood from furniture production brings new problems connected with an incomplete thermochemical decomposition of additives (chemicals for improving properties of plastics) in small heating with the addition of sources. Unique organic compounds produced by the combustion of waste wood allow the identification of the type of fuel. The organic compounds contained in the char deposits were analysed by pyrolysis gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The deposits from the combustion of briquettes from furniture production contain organic compounds originating by decomposition of phenolic resins, aminoplasts (urea-formaldehyde, resorcinol-formaldehyde and melamine), polyurethanes and wood glue. Additives contained in the deposits include plasticisers such as phthalates (DEHP, dibutyl phthalate and diisobutyl phthalate), flame retardants (2-propanol, 1-chlorophosphate (3:1) and p-terphenyl). Deposits from the combustion of briquettes from virgin wood do not contain these compounds. The total amount of compounds identified in the deposits from the boiler, which do not come from virgin wood combustion, varies in the range between 4.25 and 6.25 g/kg. Phthalates (55.5%) and PVAc adhesives (18.6%) are the main anthropogenic compounds in the deposits from domestic boilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Růžičková
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Raclavská
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Juchelková
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šafář
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kucbel
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Švédová
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Slamová
- Institute of Foreign Languages, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Grobelak
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, J.H. Dąbrowskiego 69, 42-201, Czestochowa, Poland
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6
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Song Y, Jiang Y, Deng L, Yang G. Self-Repairable and Flexible Polymer Network Electrolyte with Enhanced Lithium-Ion Conduction for Lithium Metal Batteries. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202717. [PMID: 36149011 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Developing high-performance functional polymer-based electrolytes is important for realizing next generation safe lithium metal batteries. In this study, a new type of quasi-solid polymer network electrolyte (SIPH-x-y%) was prepared by combining synthesized polymer network (SIPH) containing urethane bond linked ionic liquids (ILs), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and disulfide bond moieties, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt (LiTFSI), and glyme type additive. It was found that SIPH-20-40% was mechanically flexible, self-healable, and showed high ionic conductivity of 2.67×10-4 S cm-1 . Also, SIPH-20-40% possesses a high lithium ion transference number of 0.43 and good electrochemical stability. These properties enabled the SIPH-20-40% electrolyte membrane to support Li/Li symmetrical cell to cycle stably during long term Li plating and stripping. The Li/SIPH-20-40%/LFP showed high delivered specific capacity and good stability (166.1 mAh g-1 after 106 cycles at 0.2 C). Such glyme doped polymer network electrolyte provides new experimental findings for developing polymer-based electrolyte with excellent mechanical integrity and battery related properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaduo Song
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Centre of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Yanxin Jiang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Centre of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Longjiang Deng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Centre of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Centre of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
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7
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Hebda E, Bukowczan A, Michałowski S, Pielichowski K. Flexible Polyurethane Foams Reinforced by Functionalized Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes: Structural Characteristics and Evaluation of Thermal/Flammability Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4743. [PMID: 36365736 PMCID: PMC9655021 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report on flexible toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-based polyurethane foams (FPUFs) chemically modified by POSS moieties, i.e., octa (3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyldimethylsiloxy) POSS (OCTA-POSS) and 1,2-propanediolizo-butyl POSS (PHI-POSS). The influence of silsesquioxane on the PU foaming process, structure, morphology, physicochemical, and mechanical properties, as well as flammability, was examined. FT-IR analysis provided evidence for the chemical incorporation of the nanofiller into the foam structure. It was found that the addition of POSS increases the apparent density of the foam and its compressive strength. The XRD and SEM-EDS techniques showed the uniform distribution of POSS in the FPUF with agglomeration depending on the kind and content of the introduced POSS moieties. The analysis of the thermogravimetric and microcalorimetry data revealed an improved resistance to the burning of FPUFs containing reactive POSS, as evidenced by the reduced rate of heat release (HRR). Importantly, the mechanical properties tests showed that the incorporation of silsesquioxane nanoparticles into the polyurethane structure via covalent bonds strengthens the foam integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Hebda
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
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8
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Yan X, Zhao Z, Fang J, Li J, Qi D. Synergistic effect of organic-Zn(H 2PO 2) 2 and lithium containing polyhedral oligomeric phenyl silse-squioxane on flame-retardant, thermal and mechanical properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate). JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2021-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A novel synergy flame retardant system of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/organic-Zn(H2PO2)2/lithium containing polyhedral oligoheptyl silse-squioxane (Li-Ph-POSS) composites was prepared by the melt-blending method to improve the flame retardancy of PET. The synergistic effect of organic-Zn(H2PO2)2 and Li-Ph-POSS on the flame retardancy, thermal, and mechanical properties of the PET composites was investigated by the limiting oxygen index, vertical burning test, cone calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter, tensile tester, and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. The results show that the synergistic flame retardant effect between organic-Zn(H2PO2)2 and Li-Ph-POSS improves both the flame retardancy and the crystallization of PET. Moreover, the Li-Ph-POSS has a positive effect on the mechanical property of PET. This work provides a promising strategy for mitigating the fire hazard of PET using this synergy flame retardant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-carbon Dyeing & Finishing , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , 310018 , China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , 310018 , China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , 310018 , China
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk) , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , 310018 , China
| | - Zhikui Zhao
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk) , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , 310018 , China
| | - Jie Fang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk) , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , 310018 , China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , 310018 , China
| | - Dongming Qi
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-carbon Dyeing & Finishing , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , 310018 , China
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9
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Jiao X, Song Y, He N, Wang X, Huang M, Zhang L, Li X, Xu J, Chen J, Li W, Lai G, Hua X, Yang X. High Tensile Strength UV-Cured Castor Oil-Based Silicone-Modified Polyurethane Acrylates. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12680-12689. [PMID: 35474791 PMCID: PMC9026085 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High tensile strength UV-cured transparent materials are highly desired in optical devices. In this paper, high tensile strength UV-cured transparent castor oil-based polyurethane acrylates (PUAs) with a very high transmittance over 95% (400-800 nm) were prepared from UV-curable castor oil-based polyurethane acrylates (CO-PUAs) and mercapto silicone-containing hyperbranched polymers (HBPSHs) under UV irradiation. The tensile strengths of UV-cured transparent castor oil-based PUAs can reach 12.49 MPa, which is obviously higher than that of UV-cured CO-PUAs reported previously (0.7-10.20 MPa). The chemical structure of HBPSHs will play an important role in the mechanical performance of UV-cured silicone-modified materials, and it can be concluded that the more rigid the units of α,β-dihydroxyl derivatives used in the fabrication of HBPSHs are, the higher the mechanical strength and pencil hardness of the UV-cured materials will be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Jiao
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yan Song
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Na He
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiaojia Wang
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ming Huang
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiaocheng Li
- Hebei
Houfeng Silicone Products Co., Ltd., Wenan County, Hebei 065000, China
| | - Jinchang Xu
- Hebei
Houfeng Silicone Products Co., Ltd., Wenan County, Hebei 065000, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Guoqiao Lai
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xilin Hua
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiongfa Yang
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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10
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Structural configuration-radiation stability relationship in the degradation of dumbbelled POSSs. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Ozimek J, Pielichowski K. Recent Advances in Polyurethane/POSS Hybrids for Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010040. [PMID: 35011280 PMCID: PMC8746980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced organic-inorganic materials-composites, nanocomposites, and hybrids with various compositions offer unique properties required for biomedical applications. One of the most promising inorganic (nano)additives are polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS); their biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and phase separation ability that modifies the material porosity are fundamental properties required in modern biomedical applications. When incorporated, chemically or physically, into polyurethane matrices, they substantially change polymer properties, including mechanical properties, surface characteristics, and bioactivity. Hence, this review is dedicated to POSS-PU composites that have recently been developed for applications in the biomedical field. First, different modes of POSS incorporation into PU structure have been presented, then recent developments of PU/POSS hybrids as bio-active composites for scaffolds, cardiovascular stents, valves, and membranes, as well as in bio-imaging and cancer treatment, have been described. Finally, characterization and methods of modification routes of polyurethane-based materials with silsesquioxanes were presented.
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12
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Swapna VP, Krishnan M, Abhisha VS, Stephen R. Efficient cage structured polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane embedded poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes: Thermal degradation and mechanical stability in hydrated condition. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Meera Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry St. Joseph's College (Autonomous) Calicut Kerala India
| | | | - Ranimol Stephen
- Department of Chemistry St. Joseph's College (Autonomous) Calicut Kerala India
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13
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Jiao X, Liu J, Jin J, Cheng F, Fan Y, Zhang L, Lai G, Hua X, Yang X. UV-Cured Transparent Silicone Materials with High Tensile Strength Prepared from Hyperbranched Silicon-Containing Polymers and Polyurethane-Acrylates. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:2890-2898. [PMID: 33553907 PMCID: PMC7860083 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexibility and mechanical performance are essential for transparent silicone materials applied in some optical and electronic devices; however, the tensile strength of transparent silicone materials is fairly low. To overcome this problem, a kind of UV-cured transparent flexible silicone material with quite a high tensile strength and elongation at break was developed through UV-initiated thiol-ene reaction by hyperbranched silicon-containing polymers (HBPs) with a thiol substitute and acrylate-terminated polyurethanes. Unexpectedly, it is found that both the tensile strength and elongation at break of the transparent silicone materials are extraordinarily high, which can reach 3.40 MPa and 270.0%, respectively. The UV-cured materials have good UV resistance ability because their transmittance is still as high as 93.4% (800 nm) even when aged for 40 min in a UV chamber of 10.6 mW cm-2. They exhibit outstanding adhesion to substrates, and the adhesion to a glass slide, wood, and a tin plate is grade 1. The promising results encourage us to further improve the mechanical performance of flexible transparent silicone materials by effective chemical modification strategies with HBPs. An attempt was made to apply the UV-cured materials in a Gel-Pak box and it could be proved that the UV-cured materials may be one of the good candidates for use as packaging or protecting materials of optical or electronics devices such as the Gel-Pak product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Jiao
- Key
Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Education
Ministry, College of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiangling Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Education
Ministry, College of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Taizhou
Vocational College of Science & Technology, Taizhou 318020, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Key
Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Education
Ministry, College of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yunxin Fan
- Key
Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Education
Ministry, College of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Education
Ministry, College of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Guoqiao Lai
- Key
Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Education
Ministry, College of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xilin Hua
- Key
Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Education
Ministry, College of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiongfa Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Education
Ministry, College of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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14
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Kausar A. Polyurethane/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposite: trends and perspectives. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2020.1866437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Kausar
- Nanosciences Division, National Center For Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
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15
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Wu Y, Liu J, Cheng F, Jiao X, Fan Y, Lai G, Luo M, Yang X. Fabrication of Transparent UV-Cured Coatings with Allyl-Terminated Hyperbranched Polycarbosilanes and Thiol Silicone Resins. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15311-15316. [PMID: 32637804 PMCID: PMC7331026 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To improve thermal stability and hardness of UV-cured materials, a series of UV-cured solvent-free coatings were prepared from allyl-terminated hyperbranched polycarbosilanes and thiol silicone resins. The silicone coatings prepared have pencil hardness of 4-9 H, water absorption no more than 0.04 wt %, and transmittance higher than 94%. The temperature for the coatings' starting thermal decomposition is higher than 236 °C; especially, that of the coating prepared with G1 is as high as 371.1 °C. The UV-cured coatings in this work exhibit much higher pencil hardness than and superior thermal stability to those reported previously.
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16
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Brzeska J, Tercjak A, Sikorska W, Kowalczuk M, Rutkowska M. Predicted Studies of Branched and Cross-Linked Polyurethanes Based on Polyhydroxybutyrate with Polycaprolactone Triol in Soft Segments. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051068. [PMID: 32392740 PMCID: PMC7284939 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of cross-links in the non-linear polyurethane structure is the basic factor affecting its properties. Selected properties of aliphatic polyurethanes with soft segments made of different amounts of polycaprolactonetriol, polycaprolactonediol and synthetic, telechelic poly([R,S]-3-hydroxybutyrate) were determined. On the basis of changes in polyurethane properties, the correlation between these properties and the construction of soft segments was found. The structure of polyurethanes, their morphology, hydrophilicity, thermal and mechanical properties were examined. These properties were changed linearly up to 15% content of polycaprolactonetriol in soft segments. A further increase in the amount of triol causes that these properties are mainly determined by the high number of cross-links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Brzeska
- Department of Commodity Industrial Science and Chemistry, Gdynia Maritime University, 83 Morska Street, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland;
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (W.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Tercjak
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Group ‘Materials+Technologies’ (GMT), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Wanda Sikorska
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (W.S.)
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Maria Rutkowska
- Department of Commodity Industrial Science and Chemistry, Gdynia Maritime University, 83 Morska Street, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland;
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17
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UV-Cured Coatings Prepared with Sulfhydryl-Terminated Branched Polyurethane and Allyl-Terminated Hyperbranched Polycarbosilane. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10040350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The conventional polyurethane (PU) coatings have poor heat resistance, which will undergo severe pyrolysis when the temperature exceeds 200 °C. To overcome the shortcoming of conventional PU coatings, an ultraviolet (UV)-cured solvent-free hyperbranched polycarbosilane modified PU coatings was prepared by sulfhydryl-terminated polyurethane and allyl-terminated hyperbranched polycarbosilane. The initial decomposition temperature (Td5%) of the UV-cured coating ranges from 258 to 268 °C, which is obviously higher than those of the conventional PU coatings reported. The coating shows fairly low water absorption in the range of 0.6–1.36 wt% and exhibits grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 adhesion to glass, tin plate and aluminum sheet, respectively.
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18
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Qian S, Cheng S, Ni Z, Yu J, Zhang J. Influence of silane‐modified coconut shell powder on thermal and mechanical properties of thermoplastic elastomers. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanhua Qian
- School of Mechanical EngineeringJiangnan University Wuxi China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Shuai Cheng
- School of Mechanical EngineeringJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Zifeng Ni
- School of Mechanical EngineeringJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Jinghu Yu
- School of Mechanical EngineeringJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Mechanical EngineeringJiangnan University Wuxi China
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19
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Chen CH, Chiang CL. Preparation and Characteristics of an Environmentally Friendly Hyperbranched Flame-Retardant Polyurethane Hybrid Containing Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Silicon. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11040720. [PMID: 31010246 PMCID: PMC6523784 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The NCO functional group of 3-isocyanatoproplytriethoxysilane (IPTS) and the OH functional group of 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10H-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenantbrene-10-oxide (DOPO-BQ) were used to conduct an addition reaction. Following completion of the reaction, triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) was introduced to conduct a ring-opening reaction. Subsequently, a sol–gel method was used to initiate a hydrolysis–condensation reaction on TGIC–IPTS–DOPO-BQ to form a hyperbranched nitrogen–phosphorous–silicon (HBNPSi) flame retardant. This flame retardant was incorporated into a polyurethane (PU) matrix to prepare a hybrid material. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), UV-VIS spectrophotometry, and Raman analysis were conducted to characterize the structure and analyze the transparency, thermal stability, flame retardancy, and residual char to understand the flame retardant mechanism of the prepared hybrid material. After the flame retardant was added, the maximum degradation rate decreased from −36 to −17 wt.%/min, the integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) increased from 348 to 488 °C, and the char yield increased from 0.7 to 8.1 wt.%. The aforementioned results verified that the thermal stability of PU can be improved after adding HBNPSi. The LOI analysis indicated that the pristine PU was flammable because the LOI of pristine PU was only 19. When the content of added HBNPSi was 40%, the LOI value was 26; thus the PU hybrid became nonflammable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chinese Culture University, Yang-Ming-Shan, Taipei City 11114, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Lung Chiang
- Green Flame Retardant Material Research Laboratory, Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan.
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20
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Improving Thermal Stability of Polyurethane through the Addition of Hyperbranched Polysiloxane. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11040697. [PMID: 30995825 PMCID: PMC6523278 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane with hydroxy groups was functionalized to form functionalized polydimethylsiloxane, which subsequently underwent an addition reaction with isophorone diisocyanate to form the prepolymer. Next, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) reacted with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS) to produce bridged polysilsesquioxanes, and sol-gel technology was employed to form hyperbranched polysiloxane nanoparticles with hydroxy groups, APTS-GPTS, which was used as the additive. The hyperbranched polysiloxane and the prepolymer containing NCO functional groups then underwent an addition reaction to produce the hybrid materials. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance were used to characterize the structure of the polyurethane hybrid. Regarding thermal stability, after the hyperbranched polysiloxane nanoparticles was introduced, the integral procedural decomposition temperature increased from 348 °C for polyurethane matrix to 859 °C for the hybrid material. The results reveal that the thermal stability of the hybrid material substantially increased by approximately 247%.
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21
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Cheng S, Qian S, Huang C, Ni Z, Liu L. Elastic modulus of thermoplastic elastomers investigated with the instantaneous volumetric strain method. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Cheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Shanhua Qian
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Chuanhui Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Large Engineering Equipment Detection and Control; Xuzhou Institute of Technology; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221018 China
| | - Zifeng Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Liguo Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
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22
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Tennebroek R, van der Hoeven‐van Casteren I, Swaans R, van der Slot S, Stals PJM, Tuijtelaars B, Koning C. Water‐based polyurethane dispersions. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cor Koning
- DSM Coating Resins Zwolle The Netherlands
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23
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Cao X, Deng P, Hu S, Ren L, Li X, Xiao P, Liu Y. Fabrication and Characterization of Nanoenergetic Hollow Spherical Hexanitrostibene (HNS) Derivatives. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E336. [PMID: 29772689 PMCID: PMC5977350 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The spherization of nanoenergetic materials is the best way to improve the sensitivity and increase loading densities and detonation properties for weapons and ammunition, but the preparation of spherical nanoenergetic materials with high regularization, uniform size and monodispersity is still a challenge. In this paper, nanoenergetic hollow spherical hexanitrostibene (HNS) derivatives were fabricated via a one-pot copolymerization strategy, which is based on the reaction of HNS and piperazine in acetonitrile solution. Characterization results indicated the as-prepared reaction nanoenergetic products were HNS-derived oligomers, where a free radical copolymerization reaction process was inferred. The hollow sphere structure of the HNS derivatives was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and synchrotron radiation X-ray imaging technology. The properties of the nanoenergetic hollow spherical derivatives, including thermal decomposition and sensitivity are discussed in detail. Sensitivity studies showed that the nanoenergetic derivatives exhibited lower impact, friction and spark sensitivity than raw HNS. Thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimeter (TG-DSC) results showed that continuous exothermic decomposition occurred in the whole temperature range, which indicated that nanoenergetic derivatives have a unique role in thermal applications. Therefore, nanoenergetic hollow spherical HNS derivatives could provide a new way to modify the properties of certain energetic compounds and fabricate spherical nanomaterials to improve the charge configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Cao
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Peng Deng
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
| | - Shuangqi Hu
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Lijun Ren
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Peng Xiao
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
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