1
|
Yücel İ, Gomes DR, Ribeiro N, Özlok KK. The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem in the Relationship Between Perceived Ethnic Discrimination and Continuance Commitment of Migrant Workers. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241226686. [PMID: 38198634 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241226686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the relationship between perceived ethnic discrimination by migrant workers (applicants for international protection) and continuance commitment, and to analyze whether this relationship is mediated by self-esteem. In addition, it aims to contribute to the literature on the organizational outcomes of perceived ethnic discrimination. This research was conducted through a questionnaire survey of 411 migrants who applied for international protection in Turkey. As a result of the study, perceived ethnic discrimination was found to be a predictor of continuance commitment and self-esteem. In addition, it was observed that self-esteem has a mediating role in the relationship between perceived ethnic discrimination and continuance commitment. The results offer important implications for organizations and organization managers on how migrant workers should be managed and which issues require specific attention. The application of the study on migrant workers and the examination of these variables provide important contributions and practical implications to the literature. In addition, this is a rare study that examines the mediator model with the variables specified in the model using social identity theory, which has not yet been widely covered in existing literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İlhami Yücel
- Department of Management and Organization, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Daniel Roque Gomes
- School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Portugal
| | - Neuza Ribeiro
- Centre of Applied Research in Management and Economics (CARME), Polytechnic of Leiria, School of Technology and Management, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Kasım Kağan Özlok
- Department of Management and Organization, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Urzúa A, Aragón D, Landabur R, Henríquez D, Cortés L. Acculturation strategies and blood cortisol in colombian Migrants in Chile. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:94. [PMID: 37004122 PMCID: PMC10064708 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01147-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND migration is a worldwide phenomenon that is growing at an accelerated pace. When people who migrate come into contact with a new culture, they are immersed in a process called acculturation. In this process, people oscillate between maintaining their own culture or acquiring the culture and customs of the host country, resulting in the so-called acculturation strategies. According to Berry's proposal, there are four main acculturation strategies: assimilation, integration, marginalization and separation. The few existing studies of Latinos in an Anglo-Saxon country relate the use of the integration strategy (biculturalism) with lower cortisol levels. No studies have been found on the subject in Latino migrants in a Latino country. METHOD a cross-sectional design was used to analyze the relationship between acculturation strategies and blood cortisol levels, based on the hypothesis that an integration strategy or biculturalism would be linked to lower cortisol levels. The study involved 314 Colombian migrants in Chile, who were evaluated with a scale of acculturation strategies according to the model proposed by Berry, in addition to providing blood samples to analyze cortisol levels. RESULTS migrants who show a preference for leave behind the culture of the country of origin have higher levels of cortisol ng/ml in blood. According to multiple comparisons the mean cortisol value was significantly different between integrated and assimilated subjects, with the mean cortisol of the integrated being significantly lower than that of the subjects typed as marginalized. CONCLUSION The patterns of the relationship between biculturalism and cortisol found in Latino migrants in Anglo-Saxon countries are repeated in Latino migrants in a Latino country. It is necessary to explore the influence of other variables in this relationship, since it seems that the best adaptive strategy, and therefore the cortisol response, will vary according to the socio-cultural context of the host country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Urzúa
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - Diego Aragón
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Landabur
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | - Diego Henríquez
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Leonel Cortés
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grabo J, Leavey G. Geographical Disparities and Settlement Factors and Mental Health of Refugees Living in Germany. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4409. [PMID: 36901421 PMCID: PMC10002295 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Approximately half of all refugees living in Germany experience discrimination, which may negatively affect their mental health. Moreover, German refugees have experienced hostility, especially in eastern regions. (2) Aims: We examined the effect of perceived discrimination on refugees' mental health in Germany, with a particular focus on possible regional differences of refugee mental health and perceived discrimination. (3) Method: The data of 2075 refugees who arrived in Germany between 2013 and 2016, from a large-scale survey, was analysed using binary logistic regression. The refugee health screener, 13-item version, was used to assess psychological distress. All effects were investigated for the entire sample and both sexes independently. (4) Results: A third of refugees experienced discrimination which increased the risk of psychological distress (OR = 2.25 [1.80, 2.8]). Those living in eastern Germany were more than twice as likely to report experiences of discrimination, compared to their counterparts living in western Germany (OR = 2.52 [1.98, 3.21]). Differences were noted between males and females, and religious attendance. (5) Conclusions: Perceived discrimination is a risk factor for refugee mental health, particularly female refugees in eastern Germany. An east-west regional difference may be explained by socio-structural factors, rural placement, differential historical exposure to migrant populations, and a greater presence of right-wing and populist parties in eastern Germany.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Grabo
- Global Health, Maastricht University, 6221 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Leavey
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health & Wellbeing, Ulster University, Coleraine BT51 5SA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Urzúa A, Baeza-Rivera MJ, Caqueo-Urízar A, Henríquez D. Optimism and Intolerance to Uncertainty May Mediate the Negative Effect of Discrimination on Mental Health in Migrant Population. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040503. [PMID: 36833036 PMCID: PMC9956353 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Migration causes effects on the people who migrate and on the societies that receive them, which can be positive or negative, depending on the characteristics of the interaction. One negative effect is the emergence of mental health disorders associated with the presence of discrimination, a relationship for which there is abundant evidence, although there is less research on factors that may alter this effect. (2) Objective: To evaluate the possible mediating role of optimism and intolerance to uncertainty in the relationship between discrimination and mental health. (3) Method: Nine hundred and nineteen adult Colombian migrants residing in Chile, 49.5% were men and 50.5% women, ages from 18 to 65 years, were evaluated. The Discrimination Experience Scale, BDI-IA Inventory, BAI, LOT-R and the Intolerance to Uncertainty Scale were applied. The effects were estimated using structural equation modeling. (4) Results: A mediating effect of both dispositional optimism and intolerance to uncertainty on the relationship between discrimination and mental symptomatology was observed. (5) Conclusions: The impact on individual suffering and the social cost of mental health problems require investigating variables on the relationship between discrimination and mental health, including mediators of this relationship, which turn out to be central elements in the development of future strategies for the reduction of anxiety and depression symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Urzúa
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - Diego Henríquez
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Urzúa A, Henríquez D, Caqueo-Urízar A, Landabur R. Ethnic Identity and Collective Self-Esteem Mediate the Effect of Anxiety and Depression on Quality of Life in a Migrant Population. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 19:174. [PMID: 35010433 PMCID: PMC8751200 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Migration processes can often trigger negative interactions with the context, generating problems in both the physical and mental health of migrants, which have an impact on both their well-being and their quality of life. In this framework, the research aimed to assess the mediating effect of ethnic identity and collective self-esteem on the inverse relationship between mental health problems and quality of life. Data were collected from 908 first-generation Colombian migrants living in Chile, of whom 50.2% were women and with an average age of 35 years. They were assessed with The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL)-Bref, Smith's ethnic identity questionnaire, Basabe's collective self-esteem, and Beck's Anxiety and Depression questionnaires. The results provide evidence that both collective self-esteem and ethnic identity exert a partial mediation effect on the relationship between anxiety and depression on quality of life. The study provides evidence of the protective role that the maintenance and reinforcement of ethnic identity and collective self-esteem can have, with a view to strengthening the planning of interventions both in the field of prevention of mental health problems and in the improvement of quality of life based on evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Urzúa
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile;
| | - Diego Henríquez
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile;
| | | | - Rodrigo Landabur
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó 1530000, Chile;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Urzúa A, Caqueo-Urízar A, Henríquez D, Williams DR. Discrimination and Health: The Mediating Effect of Acculturative Stress. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18105312. [PMID: 34067653 PMCID: PMC8156443 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is not much evidence on the effects of south–south migration and its consequences on physical and mental health. Our objective was to examine the mediating role of Acculturative Stress in the association between ethnic discrimination and racial discrimination with physical and mental health. This research is a non-experimental, analytical, cross-sectional study. A total of 976 adult Colombian migrants living in Chile were interviewed. We used the Everyday Discrimination Scale, the acculturative stress scale, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-12) for health status; we found that racial and ethnic discrimination had a negative effect on physical and mental health. In the simultaneous presence of both types of discrimination, racial discrimination was completely absorbed by ethnic discrimination, the latter becoming a total mediator of the effect of racial discrimination on mental and physical health. Our findings are consistent with the literature, which suggests that there are various types of discrimination which, individually or in their intersectionality, can have negative effects on health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Urzúa
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | - Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (A.C.-U.); (D.H.)
| | - Diego Henríquez
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
| | - David R. Williams
- TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Urzúa A, Caqueo-Urízar A, Henríquez D, Domic M, Acevedo D, Ralph S, Reyes G, Tang D. Ethnic Identity as a Mediator of the Relationship between Discrimination and Psychological Well-Being in South-South Migrant Populations. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:2359. [PMID: 33670960 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
There is abundant evidence about the negative impact of discrimination on well-being, but less research on factors that can reduce this negative effect, mainly focused on North American samples and with incipient development on South-South migration. The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of ethnic identity on the relationship between the experience of racial and ethnic discrimination and psychological well-being in Colombian immigrants living in Chile. A total of 962 immigrants over the age of 18 from three cities in Chile participated. Of these, 50.7% were women. The average age was 35 years (SD = 10.23). Participants were evaluated using Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales, Phinney's adapted version of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Scale, and Krieger's Discrimination Experience Scale. After the analysis of the measurement models, a mediation model was analyzed using structural equations. The results provide evidence that ethnic and racial discrimination have negative effects on psychological well-being, with the effect of racial discrimination being greater. Likewise, ethnic identity has positive effects on psychological well-being and partially and completely mediates the effects of ethnic and racial discrimination on psychological well-being. The full effect of discrimination on psychological well-being, mediated by ethnic identity, is exercised only by racial discrimination and not by ethnic discrimination.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hun N, Urzúa A, Henríquez DT, López-Espinoza A. Effect of Ethnic Identity on the Relationship Between Acculturation Stress and Abnormal Food Behaviors in Colombian Migrants in Chile. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021. [PMID: 33559108 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-00972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acculturation stress may influence the development of abnormal eating behaviors. However, some mental health indicators, such as ethnic identity, may have a protective effect on this relationship. This study's main objective is to analyze the mediating effect of ethnic identity on the relationship between acculturation stress and abnormal eating behaviors in Colombian migrants living in Chile. METHODS We obtained data on 976 Colombian migrants who were recruited with the help of the Department of Foreign Affairs, the Colombian Consulate in Chile, and self-managed groups of migrants residing in Chile. The mediation model was analyzed using Mplus 8.2 software, using the robust weighted least squares (WLSMV) estimation method. RESULTS The most common abnormal eating behaviors were eating until you feel full and eating large amounts of food. The mediation model was adapted to the data. The effects indicate that ethnic identity only had an indirect effect on the problems of social relations with other migrants (indirect effect = .17, p = .01) and on the distance from the origin (indirect effect = -. 06, p = .01) on the abnormal eating behaviors. On the other hand, the ethnic identity presented a direct and indirect effect on the relationship between citizenship and legality problems, and abnormal behaviors (indirect effect = -.06, p = .04; direct effect = -.35, p = .01). DISCUSSION Ethnic identity could be fundamental in the relationship between acculturation stress and abnormal eating behaviors, considering that post-migration eating practices are associated with unhealthy eating habits.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mougenot B, Amaya E, Mezones-Holguin E, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Cabieses B. Immigration, perceived discrimination and mental health: evidence from Venezuelan population living in Peru. Global Health 2021; 17:8. [PMID: 33413505 PMCID: PMC7791752 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-020-00655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between international migration and mental health is conditioned to several factors, and discrimination may play a significant role. Currently, Peru is one of the principal Venezuelan migrant-receiving countries in Latin America. There are around one million Venezuelan refugees and migrants in the country. This study evaluates the association between self-perceived discrimination and mental health problems in Venezuelan population living in Peru. Method We analyzed data from the Venezuelan Population Residing in Peru Survey 2018, a nationally representative urban sample aimed at collecting information on several dimensions of Venezuelan population wellbeing. We applied logistic regression models to assess the association between self-perceived discrimination and mental health problems. Moreover, we applied the propensity score matching method as a robustness check of our results. Results Of 9487 Venezuelans surveyed, 6806 included complete information. From this sample, 6.3% reported mental health problems related to fear, anger, anxiety, or stress. Logistic regression models showed that Venezuelans who perceived being discriminated against had 2.4 higher odds of presenting mental health problems than their non-discriminated counterparts. Moreover, propensity score matching models showed that Venezuelans who perceived being discriminated against increased by 3.5 percentage points their probability of presenting mental health problems compared to their non-discriminated counterparts. Conclusions There is evidence that self-perceived discrimination is associated with mental health deterioration in Venezuelan migrants living in Peru. Our findings are relevant in the current geopolitical context and could be useful in the decision making processes in international health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12992-020-00655-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Mougenot
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.,Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Elard Amaya
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.
| | - Edward Mezones-Holguin
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.,Epi-gnosis Solutios, Piura, Peru
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Báltica Cabieses
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Przepiórka A, Błachnio A, Sullman M, Gorbaniuk O, Siu NYF, Hill T, Gras ME, Kagialis A, Lisun Y, Díaz-Peñaloza M, Manrique-Millones D, Nikiforou M, Evtina GS, Taylor JE, Tekes B, Šeibokaite L, Wundersitz L, Calvo F, Font-Mayolas S. Facebook Intrusion as a Mediator Between Positive Capital and General Distress: A Cross-Cultural Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:667536. [PMID: 34220579 PMCID: PMC8245772 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.667536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Social networking sites (SNSs) play an important role in many aspects of life nowadays, and it seems to be crucial to explore their impact on human well-being and functioning. The main aim of the study was to examine the mediating role of Facebook intrusion between positive capital and general distress. Positive capital was considered as comprising self-esteem, ego-resiliency, and self-control, while general distress was seen as having three dimensions: depression, anxiety, and stress. Methods: The sample consisted of N = 4,495 participants (M = 22.96 years, SD = 5.46) from 14 countries: Australia, Cyprus, Greece, Hong Kong, Lithuania, New Zealand, Peru, Poland, Russia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, and United States. We used the following methods: the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire (FIQ), the Self-Esteem Scale (SES), the Brief Self-Control Scale (SCS), The Ego Resiliency Revised Scale and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Results: We found that Facebook intrusion was a mediator between self-esteem and general distress and between self-control and general distress. Limitations: The present study was based on a cross-sectional study, and the measures used were self-report measures. The majority of the participants were recruited using convenience sampling. Conclusions: The present findings contribute to a better understanding on how the social media have impact on individual mental health. Implications for future studies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Przepiórka
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Błachnio
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mark Sullman
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Oleg Gorbaniuk
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Faculty of Psychology, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nicolson Yat-Fan Siu
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tetiana Hill
- Hertfordshire Business School, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Maria-Eugenia Gras
- Department of Psychology, Quality of Life Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Antonios Kagialis
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Yanina Lisun
- Department of Journalism and Advertising, Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maité Díaz-Peñaloza
- Instituto de Investigación de Psicología - Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Denisse Manrique-Millones
- Grupo de Investigación en Comunicación y Salud, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Peru
| | - Militsa Nikiforou
- School of Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Larnaca, Cyprus
| | | | - Joanne E Taylor
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Burcu Tekes
- Department of Psychology, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Laura Šeibokaite
- Department of Psychology, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lisa Wundersitz
- Centre for Automotive Safety Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Fran Calvo
- Department of Pedagogy, Quality of Life Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Font-Mayolas
- Department of Psychology, Quality of Life Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Espinosa A. Discrimination, Self-Esteem, and Mental Health Across Ethnic Groups of Second-Generation Immigrant Adolescents. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2020; 8:1539-1550. [PMID: 33230734 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The relation between discrimination and higher depression by way of reductions in self-esteem has been documented among some racial and ethnic minority populations. Yet, the extent to which the results extend to general forms of discrimination as well as multiple second-generation immigrant ethnic groups remains underexamined. This article assessed the mediating role of self-esteem in the relation between general forms of perceived discrimination and depression symptoms among second-generation immigrant adolescents and assessed the extent to which the relations were invariant across ethnic sub-groups. Analyses were based on data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study over two periods spanning adolescence (N = 4288; Mage = 14 and 17). The mediating role of self-esteem was tested via path analysis for the full sample, and multiple-group path analyses compared these results across White, Black, Asian, Hispanic, and other (multiracial) immigrants. Indirect effects were obtained via 5000 bootstrapped replications. In the full sample, the relation between discrimination and depression was mediated by self-esteem with approximately 30% of the total effect mediated. Said mediated relation was only confirmed among White and Asian sub-groups, with 27% and 49% of the total effects mediated, respectively. The results suggest that the process by which discrimination relates to mental health may vary between immigrant racial/ethnic sub-groups. In addition, the results highlight the value of considering broader categorizations of perceived discrimination beyond race or ethnicity to understand complexities associated with intersecting marginalized identities among this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Espinosa
- Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Blukacz A, Cabieses B, Markkula N. Inequities in mental health and mental healthcare between international immigrants and locals in Chile: a narrative review. Int J Equity Health 2020; 19:197. [PMID: 33148258 PMCID: PMC7640394 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health in a context of international migration is a particularly pressing issue, as migration is recognised as a social determinant of physical and mental health. As Chile is increasingly becoming a receiving country of South-South migration, immigrants face mental health inequities, with regards to outcomes and access to care.In order to identify and synthetize mental healthcare inequities faced by international migrants with regards to locals in Chile, a narrative review of the literature on national mental healthcare policies in Chile and a narrative review of the literature on migrants' mental healthcare in Chile were conducted, with a focus on describing mental health outcomes, policy environment and persisting gaps and barriers for both topics. The existing literature on mental healthcare in Chile, both for the general population and for international migrants, following the social determinant of health framework and categorised in terms of i) Inequities in mental health outcomes; ii) Description of the mental health policy environment and iii) Identification of the main barriers to access mental healthcare.Despite incremental policy efforts to improve the reach of mental healthcare in Chile, persisting inequities are identified for both locals and international migrants: lack of funding and low prioritisation, exacerbation of social vulnerability in the context of a mixed health insurance system, and inadequacy of mental healthcare services. International migrants may experience specific layers of vulnerability linked to migration as a social determinant of health, nested in a system that exacerbates social vulnerability.Based on the findings, the article discusses how mental health is a privilege for migrant populations as well as locals experiencing layers of social vulnerability in the Chilean context. International migrants' access to comprehensive and culturally relevant mental healthcare in Chile and other countries is an urgent need in order to contribute to reducing social vulnerability and fostering mechanisms of social inclusion.International migration, social determinants of mental health, mental health inequities, social vulnerability, review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Blukacz
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Las Condes 12461, Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Báltica Cabieses
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Las Condes 12461, Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Chile.
| | - Niina Markkula
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O.Box 22, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hun N, Urzúa A, López-Espinoza A. Anxiety and eating behaviors: Mediating effect of ethnic identity and acculturation stress. Appetite 2020; 157:105006. [PMID: 33069775 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Immigration changes the daily dynamics of migrant individuals and communities, as individuals confront new cultures and environments, including new foods and eating styles. Consequent influences on eating behaviors comprise an individual's actions in feeding themself that are conditioned by biological, social, cultural, and psychological factors. Mental health indicators such as anxiety and stress reflect negative impacts of acculturation on migrants' health, but ethnic identity is potentially protective. However, the relationship between these mental health indicators and immigrant populations' eating behaviors have not been addressed. Our objective was to analyze the mediating effects of acculturation stress and ethnic identity on the relationship between anxiety and three dimensions of eating behaviors in Colombian migrants living in Chile. A total of 959 Colombian immigrants participated. Ethnic identity only partially mediated the effect of emotional eating. The other two dimensions had direct effects but no mediating effects. Conversely, acculturation stress and emotional eating partially mediated restrained eating while external intake had a direct effect but no mediation. Anxiety had significant direct effects with all the dimensions analyzed. Ethnic identity score related to a protective effect between anxiety and emotional eating. Stress of acculturation, conversely, was a risk factor in the relationship between anxiety, emotional eating, and restrained eating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Hun
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición (IICAN), Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico; Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - Alfonso Urzúa
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - Antonio López-Espinoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición (IICAN), Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Urzúa A, Leiva J, Caqueo-urízar A. Effect of Positive Social Interaction on the Psychological Well-being in South American Immigrants in Chile. Int Migration & Integration 2020; 21:295-306. [DOI: 10.1007/s12134-019-00731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
15
|
Mera-Lemp MJ, Ramírez-Vielma R, Bilbao MDLÁ, Nazar G. La Discriminación Percibida, la Empleabilidad y el Bienestar Psicológico en los Inmigrantes Latinoamericanos en Chile. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones 2019. [DOI: 10.5093/jwop2019a24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
16
|
Urzúa A, Leiva-Gutiérrez J, Caqueo-Urízar A, Vera-Villarroel P. Rooting mediates the effect of stress by acculturation on the psychological well-being of immigrants living in Chile. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219485. [PMID: 31408469 PMCID: PMC6692025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Migration is a social phenomenon that has an impact both on the lives of the people who migrate, and on the societies who receive them; with psychological well-being being one of the most affected variables. The objective of this research is to analyze the possible mediating role of rooting in the host location on the negative effect that acculturation stress has on the level of well-being. Data for this study were collected using 699 Colombian and Peruvian immigrants who have been permanently residing in Chile for more than six months. Participants were assessed by using Riff’s Psychological Well-being Scale, rooting of Torrente et al., and Ruiz et al. scales of stress. The results demonstrated the mediating role of settling down within the host country in relation to stress and psychological well-being, except for the sub-dimension of autonomy. It is concluded that the need for rooting in the host country is a protective factor against the negative effects of stress on perceived well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Urzúa
- School of Psychology, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|