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Wang S, Mittal SK, Lee S, Herrera AE, Krauthammer M, Elbasiony E, Blanco T, Alemi H, Nakagawa H, Chauhan SK, Dana R, Dohlman TH. Effector T Cells Promote Fibrosis in Corneal Transplantation Failure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:40. [PMID: 38261311 PMCID: PMC10810018 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate whether fibrosis contributes to corneal transplant failure and to determine whether effector CD4+ T cells, the key immune cells in corneal transplant rejection, play a direct role in fibrosis formation. Methods Allogeneic corneal transplantation was performed in mice. Graft opacity was evaluated by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and fibrosis was assessed by in vivo confocal microscopy. Expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in both accepted and failed grafts was assessed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Frequencies of graft-infiltrating CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages were assessed using flow cytometry. In vitro, MK/T-1 corneal fibroblasts were co-cultured with activated CD4+CD25- effector T cells isolated from corneal transplant recipient mice, and α-SMA expression was quantified by real-time PCR and ELISA. Neutralizing antibody was used to evaluate the role of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in promoting α-SMA expression. Results The majority of failed grafts demonstrated clinical signs of fibrosis which became most evident at week 6 after corneal transplantation. Failed grafts showed higher expression of α-SMA as compared to accepted grafts. Flow cytometry analysis showed a significant increase in CD4+ T cells in failed grafts compared to accepted grafts. Co-culture of activated CD4+CD25- effector T cells with corneal fibroblasts led to an increase in α-SMA expression by fibroblasts. Inhibition of IFN-γ in culture significantly suppressed this increase in α-SMA expression as compared to immunoglobulin G control. Conclusions Fibrosis contributes to graft opacity in corneal transplant failure and is mediated at least in part by effector CD4+ T cells via IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudan Wang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sharad K. Mittal
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Seokjoo Lee
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Antonio Esquivel Herrera
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mark Krauthammer
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Elsayed Elbasiony
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tomas Blanco
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hamid Alemi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hayate Nakagawa
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sunil K. Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Thomas H. Dohlman
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Mohanto S, Narayana S, Merai KP, Kumar JA, Bhunia A, Hani U, Al Fatease A, Gowda BHJ, Nag S, Ahmed MG, Paul K, Vora LK. Advancements in gelatin-based hydrogel systems for biomedical applications: A state-of-the-art review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127143. [PMID: 37793512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
A gelatin-based hydrogel system is a stimulus-responsive, biocompatible, and biodegradable polymeric system with solid-like rheology that entangles moisture in its porous network that gradually protrudes to assemble a hierarchical crosslinked arrangement. The hydrolysis of collagen directs gelatin construction, which retains arginyl glycyl aspartic acid and matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive degeneration sites, further confining access to chemicals entangled within the gel (e.g., cell encapsulation), modulating the release of encapsulated payloads and providing mechanical signals to the adjoining cells. The utilization of various types of functional tunable biopolymers as scaffold materials in hydrogels has become highly attractive due to their higher porosity and mechanical ability; thus, higher loading of proteins, peptides, therapeutic molecules, etc., can be further modulated. Furthermore, a stimulus-mediated gelatin-based hydrogel with an impaired concentration of gellan demonstrated great shear thinning and self-recovering characteristics in biomedical and tissue engineering applications. Therefore, this contemporary review presents a concise version of the gelatin-based hydrogel as a conceivable biomaterial for various biomedical applications. In addition, the article has recapped the multiple sources of gelatin and their structural characteristics concerning stimulating hydrogel development and delivery approaches of therapeutic molecules (e.g., proteins, peptides, genes, drugs, etc.), existing challenges, and overcoming designs, particularly from drug delivery perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Soumya Narayana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Khushboo Paresh Merai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujrat, India
| | - Jahanvee Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujrat, India
| | - Adrija Bhunia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - B H Jaswanth Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tiruvalam Rd, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Karthika Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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Yang W, Jo JI, Tabata Y. A Reverse Transfection System with Cationized Gelatin Nanospheres Incorporating Molecular Beacon as a Tool to Visualize Cell Function. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:3363-3375. [PMID: 36640270 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to design a reverse transfection system with cationized gelatin nanospheres (cGNS) incorporating a molecular beacon (MB) to visualize a cell function. The cGNS were prepared by the conventional coacervation method. The MB as an imaging probe was incorporated into the cGNS to prepare imaging complexes (cGNSMB). The conventional transfection of 2D culture was performed by incubating MC3T3 cells in the medium containing cGNSMB. The reverse transfection was done by incubating cells on the substrate which had been precoated with both gelatin and cGNSMB. Significantly higher internalization efficiency and fluorescence intensity of cGNSMB were observed in the reverse transfection system than in the conventional one. To apply this system for visualization of 3D cell aggregate, gelatin microspheres (GMS) were prepared, while cGNSMB were bound on the GMS to prepare the GMS-cGNSMB of a cell scaffold. Then the cells were incubated with GMS-cGNSMB to form 3D cell aggregates. On the other hand, as a control, the conventional transfection of 3D culture was performed by incubating the cell aggregates formed with the medium containing cGNSMB. Homogeneous fluorescence of MB from the inside to the outside of aggregates was observed for the reverse transfection group. However, for the conventional transfection, the fluorescence was observed only around the surface of cell aggregates. It is concluded that the reverse transfection system with cGNS incorporating MB is promising to visualize the cell function of a higher transfection efficiency for the 2D culture and in a homogeneous manner for the 3D culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Yang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Jo
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
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Zhang X, Liang S, Wang E, Tao N. Fibroblasts and mouse breast cancer cells can form cellular aggregates in improved soft agar culture medium. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:1457-1464. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Xue C, Gao Y, Sun Z, Li X, Zhang M, Yang Y, Han Q, Bai C, Zhao RC. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue accelerate the progression of colon cancer by inducing a MTCAF phenotype via ICAM1/STAT3/AKT axis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837781. [PMID: 36016615 PMCID: PMC9398219 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the risk of colon cancer is greatly increased in people with obesity, and fat content in colorectal cancer tissue is increased in people with obesity. As an important part of tumor microenvironment, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are also another important source of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which may be one of the important mechanisms of affecting tumor progression. However, the mechanism is poorly defined. In the present study, CAFs were transformed from MSCs [MSC-transformed CAFs (MTCAFs)] by co-culturing with HCT116 cells. Bioinformatics and Western blotting analysis indicated a positive correlation between intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and the progression of colon cancer. In clinical colon cancer specimens, we found that ICAM-1 was highly expressed and related to shorter disease-free survival, which might act as an indication for the progression of clinical colon cancer. Our data showed that ICAM-1 secreted from MTCAFs could positively promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) signaling and that blocking ICAM-1 in MTCAFs reversed these effects. We further verified that ICAM-1 secreted from MTCAFs promoted tumor progression in vivo. Taken together, ICAM-1 plays a critical role in regulating tumor growth and metastasis, which could be a potential therapeutic target in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Sun
- Department of oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuechun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qin Han, ; Chunmei Bai, ; Robert Chunhua Zhao,
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Department of oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qin Han, ; Chunmei Bai, ; Robert Chunhua Zhao,
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qin Han, ; Chunmei Bai, ; Robert Chunhua Zhao,
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Bonartsev AP, Lei B, Kholina MS, Menshikh KA, Svyatoslavov DS, Samoylova SI, Sinelnikov MY, Voinova VV, Shaitan KV, Kirpichnikov MP, Reshetov IV. Models of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Bioengineering Approaches. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Bae J, Choi YS, Cho G, Jang SJ. The Patient-Derived Cancer Organoids: Promises and Challenges as Platforms for Cancer Discovery. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092144. [PMID: 35565273 PMCID: PMC9105149 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer burden is rapidly increasing in most countries, and thus, new anticancer drugs for effective cancer therapy must be developed. Cancer model systems that recapitulate the biological processes of human cancers are one of the cores of the drug development process. PDCO has emerged as a unique model that preserves the genetic, physiological, and histologic characteristics of original cancer, including inter- and intratumoral heterogeneities. Due to these advantages, the PCDO model is increasingly investigated for anticancer drug screening and efficacy testing, preclinical patient stratification, and precision medicine for selecting the most effective anticancer therapy for patients. Here, we review the prospects and limitations of PDCO compared to the conventional cancer models. With advances in culture success rates, co-culture systems with the tumor microenvironment, organoid-on-a-chip technology, and automation technology, PDCO will become the most promising model to develop anticancer drugs and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- JuneSung Bae
- Department of Research and Development, OncoClew Co., Ltd., Seoul 04778, Korea; (J.B.); (Y.S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Yun Sik Choi
- Department of Research and Development, OncoClew Co., Ltd., Seoul 04778, Korea; (J.B.); (Y.S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Gunsik Cho
- Department of Research and Development, OncoClew Co., Ltd., Seoul 04778, Korea; (J.B.); (Y.S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Se Jin Jang
- Department of Research and Development, OncoClew Co., Ltd., Seoul 04778, Korea; (J.B.); (Y.S.C.); (G.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-498-2644; Fax: +82-2-498-2655
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Nii T, Tabata Y. Immunosuppressive mesenchymal stem cells aggregates incorporating hydrogel microspheres promote an in vitro invasion of cancer cells. Regen Ther 2022; 18:516-522. [PMID: 34977285 PMCID: PMC8668441 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this study is to design a co-culture system of cancer cells and three-dimensional (3D) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) aggregates for the in vitro evaluation of cancer invasion. Methods First, the MSC of an immunosuppressive phenotype (MSC2) were prepared by the MSC stimulation of polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid. By simple mixing MSC2 and gelatin hydrogel microspheres (GM) in a U-bottomed well of 96 well plates which had been pre-coated with poly (vinyl alcohol), 3D MSC2 aggregates incorporating GM were obtained. The amount of chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) secreted from the MSC2 aggregates incorporating GM. Finally, an invasion assay was performed to evaluate the cancer invasion rate by co-cultured cancer cells and the 3D MSC2 incorporating GM. Results The amount of CCL5 secreted for the 3D MSC2 aggregates incorporating GM was significantly higher than that of two-dimensional (2D) MSC, 2D MSC2, and 3D MSC aggregates incorporating GM. When MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were co-cultured with the 3D MSC2 aggregates incorporating GM, the invasion rate of cancer cells was significantly high compared with that of 2D MSC or 2D MSC2 and 3D MSC aggregates incorporating GM. In addition, high secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 was observed for the 3D MSC2 aggregates/cancer cells system. Conclusions It is concluded that the co-culture system of 3D MSC2 aggregates incorporating GM and cancer cells is promising to evaluate the invasion of cancer cells in vitro. This invasion model is an important tool for anti-cancer drug screening. Mesenchymal stem cells of an immunosuppressive phenotype (MSC2) were obtained. 3D MSC2 aggregates incorporating gelatin hydrogel microspheres were prepared. 3D MSC2 aggregates promoted the invasion rate of cancer cells.
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Key Words
- (CCL)5, chemokine (C–C motif) ligand
- 2D, two-dimensional
- 3D, three-dimensional
- Anti-cancer drug screening
- CAF, cancer-associated fibroblasts
- Cancer invasion model
- DDW, double-distilled water
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosolvent assay
- FCS, fetal calf serum
- GM, gelatin hydrogel microspheres
- Gelatin hydrogel microspheres
- MEM, minimum essential medium
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MSC, mesenchymal stem cells
- MSC2, MSC of an immunosuppressive phenotype
- Mesenchymal stem cells
- PBS, phosphate buffered-saline
- PVA, poly (vinyl alcohol)
- TAM, tumor-associated macrophages
- Three-dimensional cell culture
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Nii
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Nii T. Strategies Using Gelatin Microparticles for Regenerative Therapy and Drug Screening Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226795. [PMID: 34833885 PMCID: PMC8617939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin, a denatured form of collagen, is an attractive biomaterial for biotechnology. In particular, gelatin particles have been noted due to their attractive properties as drug carriers. The drug release from gelatin particles can be easily controlled by the crosslinking degree of gelatin molecule, responding to the purpose of the research. The gelatin particles capable of drug release are effective in wound healing, drug screening models. For example, a sustained release of growth factors for tissue regeneration at the injured sites can heal a wound. In the case of the drug screening model, a tissue-like model composed of cells with high activity by the sustained release of drug or growth factor provides reliable results of drug effects. Gelatin particles are effective in drug delivery and the culture of spheroids or cell sheets because the particles prevent hypoxia-derived cell death. This review introduces recent research on gelatin microparticles-based strategies for regenerative therapy and drug screening models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Nii
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Abstract
This review aims to show case recent regenerative medicine based on biomaterial technologies. Regenerative medicine has arousing substantial interest throughout the world, with “The enhancement of cell activity” one of the essential concepts for the development of regenerative medicine. For example, drug research on drug screening is an important field of regenerative medicine, with the purpose of efficient evaluation of drug effects. It is crucial to enhance cell activity in the body for drug research because the difference in cell condition between in vitro and in vivo leads to a gap in drug evaluation. Biomaterial technology is essential for the further development of regenerative medicine because biomaterials effectively support cell culture or cell transplantation with high cell viability or activity. For example, biomaterial-based cell culture and drug screening could obtain information similar to preclinical or clinical studies. In the case of in vivo studies, biomaterials can assist cell activity, such as natural healing potential, leading to efficient tissue repair of damaged tissue. Therefore, regenerative medicine combined with biomaterials has been noted. For the research of biomaterial-based regenerative medicine, the research objective of regenerative medicine should link to the properties of the biomaterial used in the study. This review introduces regenerative medicine with biomaterial.
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Xu R, Zhang K, Liang J, Gao F, Li J, Guan F. Hyaluronic acid/polyethyleneimine nanoparticles loaded with copper ion and disulfiram for esophageal cancer. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117846. [PMID: 33766342 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the clinical treatment of cancer, improving the effectiveness and targeting of drugs has always been a bottleneck problem that needs to be solved. In this contribution, inspired by the targeted inhibition on cancer from combination application of disulfiram and divalent copper ion (Cu2+), we optimized the concentration of disulfiram and Cu2+ ion for inhibiting esophageal cancer cells, and loaded them in hyaluronic acid (HA)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) nanoparticles with specific scales, in order to improve the effectiveness and targeting of drugs. The in vitro cell experiments demonstrated that more drug loaded HA/PEI nanoparticles accumulated to the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (Eca109) and promoted higher apoptosis ratio of Eca109. Both in vitro and in vivo biological assessment verified that the disulfiram/Cu2+ loaded HA/PEI nanoparticles promoted the apoptosis of cancer cells and inhibited the tumor proliferation, but had no toxicity on other normal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Xu
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jiaheng Liang
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jingan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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Emami F, Pathak S, Nguyen TT, Shrestha P, Maharjan S, Kim JO, Jeong JH, Yook S. Photoimmunotherapy with cetuximab-conjugated gold nanorods reduces drug resistance in triple negative breast cancer spheroids with enhanced infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages. J Control Release 2020; 329:645-664. [PMID: 33022330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) constitute up to 50-80% of stromal cells in breast cancer (BC), and are correlated with poor prognosis. As epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in 60-80% of patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), photoimmunotherapy (PIT) with cetuximab-targeted gold nanorods (CTX-AuNR) is an attractive therapeutic strategy for TNBC. The 3D cell culture model can mimic drug resistance conferred by the tumor microenvironment and its 3D organization; therefore, TAM and non-TAM embedded TNBC spheroids were constructed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of CTX-AuNR plus near infrared (NIR) irradiation. Cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and protein expression were compared in TNBC (± TAM) spheroids. The IC50 values of doxorubicin (DOX) in TAM-embedded TNBC spheroids were significantly higher than those in TNBC spheroids, demonstrating drug resistance, which could be explained by activation of IL-10/IL-10 receptor/STAT3/Bcl-2 signaling. However, 3D in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that the efficacy of CTX-AuNR plus NIR irradiation was not significantly different in (± TAM) embedded TNBC cells. By enhancing ROS generation, CTX-AuNR plus NIR irradiation reprogrammed TAM polarization to the M1 anti-tumor phenotype, as indicated by macrophage mannose receptor (MMR) downregulation. Thus, CTX-AuNR plus NIR can serve as a potent PIT strategy for treating EGFR-overexpressing TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhrossadat Emami
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Shiva Pathak
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tiep Tien Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Srijan Maharjan
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
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Nii T, Makino K, Tabata Y. Three-Dimensional Culture System of Cancer Cells Combined with Biomaterials for Drug Screening. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2754. [PMID: 32987868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary For the research and development of drug discovery, it is of prime importance to construct the three-dimensional (3D) tissue models in vitro. To this end, the enhancement design of cell function and activity by making use of biomaterials is essential. In this review, 3D culture systems of cancer cells combined with several biomaterials for anticancer drug screening are introduced. Abstract Anticancer drug screening is one of the most important research and development processes to develop new drugs for cancer treatment. However, there is a problem resulting in gaps between the in vitro drug screening and preclinical or clinical study. This is mainly because the condition of cancer cell culture is quite different from that in vivo. As a trial to mimic the in vivo cancer environment, there has been some research on a three-dimensional (3D) culture system by making use of biomaterials. The 3D culture technologies enable us to give cancer cells an in vitro environment close to the in vivo condition. Cancer cells modified to replicate the in vivo cancer environment will promote the biological research or drug discovery of cancers. This review introduces the in vitro research of 3D cell culture systems with biomaterials in addition to a brief summary of the cancer environment.
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Nii T, Kuwahara T, Makino K, Tabata Y. A Co-Culture System of Three-Dimensional Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Three-Dimensional Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Combined with Biomolecule Release for Cancer Cell Migration. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:1272-1282. [PMID: 32434426 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to design a cancer invasion model by making use of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) or tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and gelatin hydrogel microspheres (GM) for the sustained release of drugs. The GM containing adenosine (A) (GM-A) were prepared and cultured with TAM to obtain three-dimensional (3D) TAM aggregates incorporating GM-A (3D TAM-GM-A). The GM-A incorporation enabled TAM to enhance the secretion level of vascular endothelial growth factor. When co-cultured with HepG2 liver cancer cells in an invasion assay, the 3D TAM-GM-A promoted the invasion rate of cancer cells. In addition, the E-cadherin expression level decreased to a significantly greater extent compared with that co-cultured with TAM aggregates incorporating GM, whereas the significantly higher expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin was observed. This indicates that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition event was induced. The GM containing transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were prepared to incorporate into 3D CAF (3D CAF-GM-TGF-β1). Following a co-culture of mixed 3D CAF-GM-TGF-β1 and 3D TAM-GM-A and every HepG2, MCF-7 breast cancer cell, or WA-hT lung cancer cell, the invasion rate of every cancer cell enhanced depending on the mixing ratio of 3D TAM-GM-A and 3D CAF-GM-TGF-β1. The amount of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) secreted also enhanced, and the enhancement was well corresponded with that of cancer cell invasion rate. The higher MMP secretion assists the breakdown of basement membrane, leading to the higher rate of cancer cell invasion. This model is a promising 3D culture system to evaluate the invasion ability of various cancer cells in vitro. Impact statement This study proposes a cell culture system to enhance the tumor-associated macrophage function based on the combination of three-dimensional (3D) cell aggregates and gelatin hydrogel microspheres (GM) for adenosine delivery. An additional combination of 3D cancer-associated fibroblasts incorporating GM containing transforming growth factor-β1 allowed cancer cells to enhance their invasion rate. This co-culture system is promising to evaluate the ability of cancer cell invasion for anticancer drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Nii
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Toshie Kuwahara
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kimiko Makino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Center for Drug Delivery Research, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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