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Kim HK, Gonçalves VF, Husain MI, Müller DJ, Mulsant BH, Zai G, Kloiber S. Cross-disorder GWAS meta-analysis of endocannabinoid DNA variations in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2023; 330:115563. [PMID: 37924773 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is implicated in multiple mental disorders. In this study, we explored DNA variations in the ECS across major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and schizophrenia by performing a cross-disorder genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis. We obtained six datasets from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium containing GWAS summary statistics from European cohorts (284,023 cases and 508,515 controls). Effective sample size weighted meta-analysis was performed for 2241 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) pertaining to gene bodies of 33 endocannabinoid genes using METAL, where an overall z-statistic is calculated for each marker based on a weighted sum of individual statistics. Heterogeneity was examined with I2 and X2 tests. MAGMA gene-based analysis was also performed. We identified nine SNPs significantly associated with a change in risk of having a mental disorder. The lead SNP was rs12805732 (Gene: Diacylglycerol Lipase Alpha; DAGLA). Four SNPs had substantial heterogeneity (I2>60 %). DAGLA had the strongest association with disease risk in gene-based analysis. Our findings suggest that the ECS may be a shared pathway in mental disorders. Future studies validating these findings would contribute to the identification of biomarkers of disease risk across multiple mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena K Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vanessa F Gonçalves
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Molecular Brain Sciences Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Muhammad I Husain
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gwyneth Zai
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stefan Kloiber
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Xu S, Hao K, Xiong Y, Xu R, Huang H, Wang H. Capsaicin alleviates neuronal apoptosis and schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormalities induced by early life stress. Schizophrenia (Heidelb) 2023; 9:77. [PMID: 37935716 PMCID: PMC10630396 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) is associated with the later development of schizophrenia. In the rodent model, the maternal separation (MS) stress may induce neuronal apoptosis and schizophrenia-like behavior. Although the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin (CAP) has been reported to reduce apoptosis in the central nervous system, its effect in MS models is unclear. Twenty-four hours of MS of Wistar rat pups on postnatal day (PND9) was used as an ELS. Male rats in the adult stage were the subjects of the study. CAP (1 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneal injection pretreatment was undertaken before behavioral tests for 1 week and continued during the tests. Behavioral tests included open field, novel object recognition, Barnes maze test, and pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) test. MS rats showed behavioral deficits and cognitive impairments mimicking symptoms of schizophrenia compared with controls. MS decreased the expression of TRPV1 in the frontal association cortex (FrA) and in the hippocampal CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) regions compared with the control group resulting in the increase of pro-apoptotic proteins (BAX, Caspase3, Cleaved-Caspase3) and the decrease of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2). The number of NeuN++TUNEL+ cells increased in the MS group in the FrA, CA1, CA3, and DG compared with the control group. Neuronal and behavioral impairments of MS were reversed by treatment with CAP. Exposure to ELS may lead to increased neuronal apoptosis and impaired cognitive function with decreased TRPV1 expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in adulthood. Sustained low-dose administration of CAP improved neuronal apoptosis and cognitive function. Our results provide evidence for future clinical trials of chili peppers or CAP as dietary supplements for the reversal treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Keke Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Oliveras I, Cañete T, Sampedro-Viana D, Río-Álamos C, Tobeña A, Corda MG, Giorgi O, Fernández-Teruel A. Neurobehavioral Profiles of Six Genetically-based Rat Models of Schizophrenia- related Symptoms. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1934-1952. [PMID: 36809938 PMCID: PMC10514524 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230221093644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder with high heterogeneity in its symptoms clusters. The effectiveness of drug treatments for the disorder is far from satisfactory. It is widely accepted that research with valid animal models is essential if we aim at understanding its genetic/ neurobiological mechanisms and finding more effective treatments. The present article presents an overview of six genetically-based (selectively-bred) rat models/strains, which exhibit neurobehavioral schizophrenia-relevant features, i.e., the Apomorphine-susceptible (APO-SUS) rats, the Low-prepulse inhibition rats, the Brattleboro (BRAT) rats, the Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (SHR), the Wisket rats and the Roman High-Avoidance (RHA) rats. Strikingly, all the strains display impairments in prepulse inhibition of the startle response (PPI), which remarkably, in most cases are associated with novelty-induced hyperlocomotion, deficits of social behavior, impairment of latent inhibition and cognitive flexibility, or signs of impaired prefrontal cortex (PFC) function. However, only three of the strains share PPI deficits and dopaminergic (DAergic) psychostimulant-induced hyperlocomotion (together with prefrontal cortex dysfunction in two models, the APO-SUS and RHA), which points out that alterations of the mesolimbic DAergic circuit are a schizophrenia-linked trait that not all models reproduce, but it characterizes some strains that can be valid models of schizophrenia-relevant features and drug-addiction vulnerability (and thus, dual diagnosis). We conclude by putting the research based on these genetically-selected rat models in the context of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, suggesting that RDoC-oriented research programs using selectively-bred strains might help to accelerate progress in the various aspects of the schizophrenia-related research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Oliveras
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Daniel Sampedro-Viana
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | | | - Adolf Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Maria Giuseppa Corda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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de Almeida V, Seabra G, Reis-de-Oliveira G, Zuccoli GS, Rumin P, Fioramonte M, Smith BJ, Zuardi AW, Hallak JEC, Campos AC, Crippa JA, Martins-de-Souza D. Cannabinoids modulate proliferation, differentiation, and migration signaling pathways in oligodendrocytes. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1311-1323. [PMID: 35622101 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid signaling, mainly via CB1 and CB2 receptors, plays an essential role in oligodendrocyte health and functions. However, the specific molecular signals associated with the activation or blockade of CB1 and CB2 receptors in this glial cell have yet to be elucidated. Mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics and in silico biology tools were used to determine which signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms are triggered in a human oligodendrocytic cell line (MO3.13) by several pharmacological stimuli: the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD); CB1 and CB2 agonists ACEA, HU308, and WIN55, 212-2; CB1 and CB2 antagonists AM251 and AM630; and endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). The modulation of cannabinoid signaling in MO3.13 was found to affect pathways linked to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Additionally, we found that carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as mitochondrial function, were modulated by these compounds. Comparing the proteome changes and upstream regulators among treatments, the highest overlap was between the CB1 and CB2 antagonists, followed by overlaps between AEA and 2-AG. Our study opens new windows of opportunities, suggesting that cannabinoid signaling in oligodendrocytes might be relevant in the context of demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases. Proteomics data are available at ProteomeXchange (PXD031923).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria de Almeida
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Seabra
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Reis-de-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Giuliana S Zuccoli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Priscila Rumin
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fioramonte
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Bradley J Smith
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Antonio W Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology, Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology, Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alline C Campos
- National Institute for Science and Technology, Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology, Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, 255, 13083-862, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores Em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico E Tecnológico, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. .,D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hazani R, Lavidor M, Weller A. Treatments for Social Interaction Impairment in Animal Models of Schizophrenia: A Critical Review and Meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:1179-1193. [PMID: 35925025 PMCID: PMC9673263 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While pharmacological treatments for positive symptoms of schizophrenia are widely used, their beneficial effect on negative symptoms, particularly social impairment, is insufficiently studied. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in preclinical research of potentially beneficial treatments, with mixed results. The current review aims to evaluate the efficacy of available treatments for social deficits in different animal models of schizophrenia. STUDY DESIGN A systematic literature search generated 145 outcomes for the measures "total time" and "number" of social interactions. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated, and heterogeneity was tested using Q statistics in a random-effect meta-analytic model. Given the vast heterogeneity in effect sizes, the animal model, treatment group, and sample size were all examined as potential moderators. STUDY RESULTS The results showed that in almost all models, treatment significantly improved social deficit (total time: SMD = 1.24; number: SMD = 1.1). The moderator analyses discovered significant subgroup differences across models and treatment subgroups. Perinatal and adult pharmacological models showed the most substantial influence of treatments on social deficits, reflecting relative pharmacological validity. Furthermore, atypical antipsychotic drugs had the highest SMD within each model subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the improvement in social interaction behaviors is dependent on the animal model and treatment family used. Implications for the preclinical and clinical fields are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Hazani
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; tel: 972-3-531-8548, fax: 972-3-738-4173, e-mail:
| | - Michal Lavidor
- Psychology Department and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Aron Weller
- Psychology Department and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Lopes-Rocha A, Bezerra TO, Zanotto R, Lages Nascimento I, Rodrigues A, Salum C. The Antioxidant N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Restores the Behavioral Deficits in a Neurodevelopmental Model of Schizophrenia Through a Mechanism That Involves Nitric Oxide. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:924955. [PMID: 35903343 PMCID: PMC9315304 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.924955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The disruption of neurodevelopment is a hypothesis for the emergence of schizophrenia. Some evidence supports the hypothesis that a redox imbalance could account for the developmental impairments associated with schizophrenia. Additionally, there is a deficit in glutathione (GSH), a main antioxidant, in this disorder. The injection of metilazoximetanol acetate (MAM) on the 17th day of gestation in Wistar rats recapitulates the neurodevelopmental and oxidative stress hypothesis of schizophrenia. The offspring of rats exposed to MAM treatment present in early adulthood behavioral and neurochemical deficits consistent with those seen in schizophrenia. The present study investigated if the acute and chronic (250 mg/kg) treatment during adulthood with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a GSH precursor, can revert the behavioral deficits [hyperlocomotion, prepulse inhibition (PPI), and social interaction (SI)] in MAM rats and if the NAC-chronic-effects could be canceled by L-arginine (250 mg/kg, i.p, for 5 days), nitric oxide precursor. Analyses of markers involved in the inflammatory response, such as astrocytes (glial fibrillary acid protein, GFAP) and microglia (binding adapter molecule 1, Iba1), and parvalbumin (PV) positive GABAergic, were conducted in the prefrontal cortex [PFC, medial orbital cortex (MO) and prelimbic cortex (PrL)] and dorsal and ventral hippocampus [CA1, CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG)] in rats under chronic treatment with NAC. MAM rats showed decreased time of SI and increased locomotion, and both acute and chronic NAC treatments were able to recover these behavioral deficits. L-arginine blocked NAC behavioral effects. MAM rats presented increases in GFAP density at PFC and Iba1 at PFC and CA1. NAC increased the density of Iba1 cells at PFC and of PV cells at MO and CA1 of the ventral hippocampus. The results indicate that NAC recovered the behavioral deficits observed in MAM rats through a mechanism involving nitric oxide. Our data suggest an ongoing inflammatory process in MAM rats and support a potential antipsychotic effect of NAC.
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Ahmed M, Best LM, Pereira CF, Boileau I, Kloiber S. Effects of endocannabinoid system modulation on social behaviour: A systematic review of animal studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104680. [PMID: 35513169 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
There is a clear link between psychiatric disorders and social behaviour, and evidence suggests the involvement of the endocannabinoid system (ECS). A systematic review of preclinical literature was conducted using MEDLINE (PubMed) and PsychINFO databases to examine whether pharmacological and/or genetic manipulations of the ECS alter social behaviours in wildtype (WT) animals or models of social impairment (SIM). Eighty studies were included. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using SYRCLE's RoB tool. While some variability was evident, studies most consistently found that direct cannabinoid receptor (CBR) agonism decreased social behaviours in WT animals, while indirect CBR activation via enzyme inhibition or gene-knockout increased social behaviours. Direct and, more consistently, indirect CBR activation reversed social deficits in SIM. These CBR-mediated effects were often sex- and developmental-phase-dependent and blocked by CBR antagonism. Overall, ECS enzyme inhibition may improve social behaviour in SIM, suggesting the potential usefulness of ECS enzyme inhibition as a therapeutic approach for social deficits. Future research should endeavour to elucidate ECS status in neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by social deficits.
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Giuriato G, Venturelli M, Matias A, Soares EMKVK, Gaetgens J, Frederick KA, Ives SJ. Capsaicin and Its Effect on Exercise Performance, Fatigue and Inflammation after Exercise. Nutrients 2022; 14:232. [PMID: 35057413 PMCID: PMC8778706 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP) activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel on sensory neurons, improving ATP production, vascular function, fatigue resistance, and thus exercise performance. However, the underlying mechanisms of CAP-induced ergogenic effects and fatigue-resistance, remain elusive. To evaluate the potential anti-fatigue effects of CAP, 10 young healthy males performed constant-load cycling exercise time to exhaustion (TTE) trials (85% maximal work rate) after ingestion of placebo (PL; fiber) or CAP capsules in a blinded, counterbalanced, crossover design, while cardiorespiratory responses were monitored. Fatigue was assessed with the interpolated twitch technique, pre-post exercise, during isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVC). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected in cardiorespiratory responses and self-reported fatigue (RPE scale) during the time trial or in TTE (375 ± 26 and 327 ± 36 s, respectively). CAP attenuated the reduction in potentiated twitch (PL: -52 ± 6 vs. CAP: -42 ± 11%, p = 0.037), and tended to attenuate the decline in maximal relaxation rate (PL: -47 ± 33 vs. CAP: -29 ± 68%, p = 0.057), but not maximal rate of force development, MVC, or voluntary muscle activation. Thus, CAP might attenuate neuromuscular fatigue through alterations in afferent signaling or neuromuscular relaxation kinetics, perhaps mediated via the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pumps, thereby increasing the rate of Ca2+ reuptake and relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Giuriato
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.G.); (M.V.)
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (A.M.); (E.M.K.V.K.S.)
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.G.); (M.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Alexs Matias
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (A.M.); (E.M.K.V.K.S.)
| | - Edgard M. K. V. K. Soares
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (A.M.); (E.M.K.V.K.S.)
- Study Group on Exercise and Physical Activity Physiology and Epidemiology, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia—UnB, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Jessica Gaetgens
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (J.G.); (K.A.F.)
| | - Kimberley A. Frederick
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (J.G.); (K.A.F.)
| | - Stephen J. Ives
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (A.M.); (E.M.K.V.K.S.)
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Pietropaolo S, Marsicano G. The role of the endocannabinoid system as a therapeutic target for autism spectrum disorder: Lessons from behavioral studies on mouse models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:664-678. [PMID: 34813825 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen an impressive amount of research devoted to understanding the etiopathology of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and developing therapies for this syndrome. Because of the lack of biomarkers of ASD, this work has been largely based on the behavioral characterization of rodent models, based on a multitude of genetic and environmental manipulations. Here we highlight how the endocannabinoid system (ECS) has recently emerged within this context of mouse behavioral studies as an etiopathological factor in ASD and a valid potential therapeutic target. We summarize the most recent results showing alterations of the ECS in rodent models of ASD, and demonstrating ASD-like behaviors in mice with altered ECS, induced either by genetic or pharmacological manipulations. We also give a critical overview of the most relevant advances in designing treatments and novel mouse models for ASD targeting the ECS, highlighting the relevance of thorough and innovative behavioral approaches to investigate the mechanisms acting underneath the complex features of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux Cedex, France
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Paredes-Ruiz KJ, Chavira-Ramos K, Orozco-Morales M, Karasu C, Tinkov AA, Aschner M, Santamaría A, Colín-González AL. On the Biomedical Properties of Endocannabinoid Degradation and Reuptake Inhibitors: Pre-clinical and Clinical Evidence. Neurotox Res 2021. [PMID: 34741755 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is composed of endogenous cannabinoids; components involved in their synthesis, transport, and degradation; and an expansive variety of cannabinoid receptors. Hypofunction or deregulation of the ECS is related to pathological conditions. Consequently, endogenous enhancement of endocannabinoid levels and/or regulation of their metabolism represent promising therapeutic approaches. Several major strategies have been suggested for the modulation of the ECS: (1) blocking endocannabinoids degradation, (2) inhibition of endocannabinoid cellular uptake, and (3) pharmacological modulation of cannabinoid receptors as potential therapeutic targets. Here, we focused in this review on degradation/reuptake inhibitors over cannabinoid receptor modulators in order to provide an updated synopsis of contemporary evidence advancing mechanisms of endocannabinoids as pharmacological tools with therapeutic properties for the treatment of several disorders. For this purpose, we revisited the available literature and reported the latest advances regarding the biomedical properties of fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors in pre-clinical and clinical studies. We also highlighted anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol reuptake inhibitors with promising results in pre-clinical studies using in vitro and animal models as an outlook for future research in clinical trials.
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Loss CM, Teodoro L, Rodrigues GD, Moreira LR, Peres FF, Zuardi AW, Crippa JA, Hallak JEC, Abílio VC. Is Cannabidiol During Neurodevelopment a Promising Therapy for Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorders? Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:635763. [PMID: 33613289 PMCID: PMC7890086 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.635763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are psychiatric neurodevelopmental disorders that cause high levels of functional disabilities. Also, the currently available therapies for these disorders are limited. Therefore, the search for treatments that could be beneficial for the altered course of the neurodevelopment associated with these disorders is paramount. Preclinical and clinical evidence points to cannabidiol (CBD) as a promising strategy. In this review, we discuss clinical and preclinical studies on schizophrenia and ASD investigating the behavioral, molecular, and functional effects of chronic treatment with CBD (and with cannabidivarin for ASD) during neurodevelopment. In summary, the results point to CBD's beneficial potential for the progression of these disorders supporting further investigations to strengthen its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Morais Loss
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucas Teodoro
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Doná Rodrigues
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Roberto Moreira
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fiel Peres
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio Waldo Zuardi
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre Crippa
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime Eduardo Cecilio Hallak
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Costhek Abílio
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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12
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Berry AJ, Zubko O, Reeves SJ, Howard RJ. Endocannabinoid system alterations in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of human studies. Brain Res 2020; 1749:147135. [PMID: 32980333 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating alterations of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in humans have reported inconsistent findings so far. We performed a systematic review of studies examining alterations of the ECS specifically within humans with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), including neuroimaging studies, studies of serum and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and post-mortem studies. We attempted to identify reported changes in the expression and activity of: cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2; anandamide (AEA); 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL); fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH); and transient receptor potential cation channel V1 (TRPV1). Twenty-two studies were identified for inclusion. Mixed findings were reported for most aspects of the ECS in AD, making it difficult to identify a particular profile of ECS alterations characterising AD. The included studies tended to be small, methodologically heterogeneous, and frequently did not control for important potential confounders, such as pathological progression of AD. Eight studies correlated ECS alterations with neuropsychometric performance measures, though studies infrequently examined behavioural and neuropsychiatric correlates. PROSPERO database identifier: CRD42018096249.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Berry
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Olga Zubko
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Robert J Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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13
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Escelsior A, Sterlini B, Murri MB, Serafini G, Aguglia A, da Silva BP, Corradi A, Valente P, Amore M. Red-hot chili receptors: A systematic review of TRPV1 antagonism in animal models of psychiatric disorders and addiction. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Zhang L, Liu C, Yuan M. Eriodictyol produces antidepressant-like effects and ameliorates cognitive impairments induced by chronic stress. Neuroreport 2020; 31:1111-20. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Thapak P, Vaidya B, Joshi HC, Singh JN, Sharma SS. Therapeutic potential of pharmacological agents targeting TRP channels in CNS disorders. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:105026. [PMID: 32562815 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), stroke, epilepsy, depression, and bipolar disorder have a high impact on both medical and social problems due to the surge in their prevalence. All of these neuronal disorders share some common etiologies including disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis and accumulation of misfolded proteins. These misfolded proteins further disrupt the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis by disrupting the activity of several ion channels including transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. TRP channel families include non-selective Ca2+ permeable channels, which act as cellular sensors activated by various physio-chemical stimuli, exogenous, and endogenous ligands responsible for maintaining the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. TRP channels are abundantly expressed in the neuronal cells and disturbance in their activity leads to various neuronal diseases. Under the pathological conditions when the activity of TRP channels is perturbed, there is a disruption of the neuronal homeostasis through increased inflammatory response, generation of reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, there is a potential of pharmacological interventions targeting TRP channels in CNS disorders. This review focuses on the role of TRP channels in neurological diseases; also, we have highlighted the current insights into the pharmacological modulators targeting TRP channels.
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16
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Reddy V, Grogan D, Ahluwalia M, Salles ÉL, Ahluwalia P, Khodadadi H, Alverson K, Nguyen A, Raju SP, Gaur P, Braun M, Vale FL, Costigliola V, Dhandapani K, Baban B, Vaibhav K. Targeting the endocannabinoid system: a predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine-directed approach to the management of brain pathologies. EPMA J 2020; 11:217-250. [PMID: 32549916 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis-inspired medical products are garnering increasing attention from the scientific community, general public, and health policy makers. A plethora of scientific literature demonstrates intricate engagement of the endocannabinoid system with human immunology, psychology, developmental processes, neuronal plasticity, signal transduction, and metabolic regulation. Despite the therapeutic potential, the adverse psychoactive effects and historical stigma, cannabinoids have limited widespread clinical application. Therefore, it is plausible to weigh carefully the beneficial effects of cannabinoids against the potential adverse impacts for every individual. This is where the concept of "personalized medicine" as a promising approach for disease prediction and prevention may take into the account. The goal of this review is to provide an outline of the endocannabinoid system, including endocannabinoid metabolizing pathways, and will progress to a more in-depth discussion of the therapeutic interventions by endocannabinoids in various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi Reddy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Dayton Grogan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Meenakshi Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Évila Lopes Salles
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Pankaj Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Hesam Khodadadi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Katelyn Alverson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Andy Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Srikrishnan P Raju
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA.,Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Pankaj Gaur
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA.,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Molly Braun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.,VISN 20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, USA
| | - Fernando L Vale
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | | | - Krishnan Dhandapani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
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17
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Seillier A, Martinez AA, Giuffrida A. Differential effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol dosing on correlates of schizophrenia in the sub-chronic PCP rat model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230238. [PMID: 32163506 PMCID: PMC7067407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Social withdrawal in the sub-chronic phencyclidine (PCP) rat model, a behavioral correlate of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, results from deficits in brain endocannabinoid transmission. As cannabis intake has been shown to affect negatively the course and expression of psychosis, we tested whether the beneficial effects of endocannabinoid-mediated CB1 activation on social withdrawal in PCP-treated rats (5 mg/kg, twice daily for 7 days)also occurred after administration of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.). In addition, we assessed whether THC affected two correlates of positive symptoms: 1) motor activity induced by d-amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), and 2) dopamine neuron population activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). After the motor activity test, the brains from d-amphetamine-treated animals were collected and processed for measurements of endocannabinoids and activation of Akt/GSK3β, two molecular markers involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In control rats, THC dose-dependently produced social interaction deficits and aberrant VTA dopamine neuron population activity similar to those observed in PCP-treated animals. In PCP-treated rats, only the lowest dose of THC reversed PCP-induced deficits, as well as PCP-induced elevation of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) in the nucleus accumbens. Last, THC activated the Akt/GSK3β pathway dose-dependently in both control and PCP-treated animals. Taken together, these data suggest that only low doses of THC have beneficial effects on behavioral, neurochemical and electrophysiological correlates of schizophrenia symptoms. This observation may shed some light on the controversial hypothesis of marijuana use as self-medication in schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Seillier
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Alex A. Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrea Giuffrida
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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18
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Nani JV, Yonamine CM, Castro Musial D, Dal Mas C, Mari JJ, Hayashi MAF. ACE activity in blood and brain axis in an animal model for schizophrenia: Effects of dopaminergic manipulation with antipsychotics and psychostimulants. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:53-63. [PMID: 30806143 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2019.1583372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) was initially correlated with schizophrenia (SCZ) in studies showing a correlation of ACE increased enzyme activity with memory impairments. Possible role for ACE in SCZ was also suggested by ACE activity interaction with dopaminergic mechanisms to modulate abnormalities of sensorimotor gating. In addition, we have demonstrated higher ACE activity in blood of SCZ subjects, its implication in cognitive performance in SCZ and its power as a predictor for SCZ diagnosis.Methods: ACE activity was determined in the serum and in selected brain regions of an animal model presenting SCZ-like behaviour, before and after the treatment with typical and atypical antipsychotics, and also in the serum of animals receiving the psychostimulants amphetamine/lisdexamphetamine.Results: Dopaminergic manipulations with antipsychotics and psychostimulants influenced the ACE activity, but with no correlation with the animal blood pressure.Conclusions: The validity of measuring ACE activity in animal blood to predict activity in the CNS, as well as the lack of correlation between the activity and blood pressure, before and after the treatment with antipsychotics, were confirmed here. Correlations of the present findings with data from clinical studies also strengthen the value of this animal model for studying several aspects of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V Nani
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila M Yonamine
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Diego Castro Musial
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Dal Mas
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jair J Mari
- Department of Psychiatry, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian A F Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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19
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Almeida V, Levin R, Peres FF, Suiama MA, Vendramini AM, Santos CM, Silva ND, Zuardi AW, Hallak JEC, Crippa JA, Abílio VC. Role of the endocannabinoid and endovanilloid systems in an animal model of schizophrenia-related emotional processing/cognitive deficit. Neuropharmacology 2019; 155:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Peres FF, Abilio VC. Response to the comment on "an animal model of what? the case of spontaneously hypertensive rats". Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 94:109618. [PMID: 30935938 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F F Peres
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - V C Abilio
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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21
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Burstein SH. Eicosanoid mediation of cannabinoid actions. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2718-2728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Jaromin E, Sadowska ET, Koteja P. Is Experimental Evolution of an Increased Aerobic Exercise Performance in Bank Voles Mediated by Endocannabinoid Signaling Pathway? Front Physiol 2019; 10:640. [PMID: 31191344 PMCID: PMC6546880 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of physical activity achieved in a given situation depends on both physiological abilities and behavioral characteristics (motivation). We used a unique animal model to test a hypothesis that evolution of an increased aerobic exercise performance can be facilitated by evolution of motivation to undertake physical activity, mediated by brain endocannabinoid system. Bank voles (Myodes glareolus) from "aerobic" A lines selected for 22 generations for high swim-induced aerobic metabolism (VO2swim) achieved 65% higher "voluntary maximum" VO2swim than voles from unselected, "control" C lines. In C lines, VO2swim was 24% lower than the maximum forced-running aerobic metabolism (VO2run), while in A lines VO2swim and VO2run were practically the same. Thus, the selection changed both the aerobic capacity and motivation to exercise at the top performance level. We applied a pharmacological treatment manipulation to test a hypothesis that the endocannabinoid signaling pathway 1) affects the voles performance in the aerobic exercise trials, and 2) has been modified in the selection process. Administration of the CB1 receptor antagonist (Rimonabant) did not affect the level of metabolism, but administration of the endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor (AM404) decreased VO2swim both in A and C lines (4%, p = 0.03) and tended to decrease VO2run (2%, p = 0.07). The significant effect of AM404 suggests the involvement of endocannabinoids in signaling pathways controlling the motivation to be active. However, the response to AM404 did not differ between A and C lines (interaction effect, p ≥ 0.29). Thus, the results did not provide a support to the hypothesis that modifications of endocannabinoid signaling have played a role in the evolution of increased aerobic exercise performance in our experimental evolution model system. SUMMARY STATEMENT The results corroborated involvement of endocannabinoids in the regulation of physical activity, but did not support the hypothesis that modification of endocannabinoid signaling played a role in the evolution of increased aerobic exercise performance in our experimental evolution model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jaromin
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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23
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Storozhuk MV, Moroz OF, Zholos AV. Multifunctional TRPV1 Ion Channels in Physiology and Pathology with Focus on the Brain, Vasculature, and Some Visceral Systems. Biomed Res Int 2019; 2019:5806321. [PMID: 31263706 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5806321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
TRPV1 has been originally cloned as the heat and capsaicin receptor implicated in acute pain signalling, while further research has shifted the focus to its importance in chronic pain caused by inflammation and associated with this TRPV1 sensitization. However, accumulating evidence suggests that, apart from pain signalling, TRPV1 subserves many other unrelated to nociception functions in the nervous system. In the brain, TRPV1 can modulate synaptic transmission via both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms and there is a functional crosstalk between GABA receptors and TRPV1. Other fundamental processes include TRPV1 role in plasticity, microglia-to-neuron communication, and brain development. Moreover, TRPV1 is widely expressed in the peripheral tissues, including the vasculature, gastrointestinal tract, urinary bladder, epithelial cells, and the cells of the immune system. TRPV1 can be activated by a large array of physical (heat, mechanical stimuli) and chemical factors (e.g., protons, capsaicin, resiniferatoxin, and endogenous ligands, such as endovanilloids). This causes two general cell effects, membrane depolarization and calcium influx, thus triggering depending on the cell-type diverse functional responses ranging from neuronal excitation to secretion and smooth muscle contraction. Here, we review recent research on the diverse TRPV1 functions with focus on the brain, vasculature, and some visceral systems as the basis of our better understanding of TRPV1 role in different human disorders.
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24
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Kruk-Slomka M, Banaszkiewicz I, Slomka T, Biala G. Effects of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitors Acute Administration on the Positive and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7251-7266. [PMID: 31004320 PMCID: PMC6815283 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The connection between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and schizophrenia is supported by a large body of research. The ECS is composed of two types cannabinoid (CB: CB1 and CB2) receptors and their endogenous ligands, endocannabinoids. The best-known endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), are intracellularly degraded by fatty acid hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), respectively. Thus, the function of ECS might be modulated in a direct way, through CB receptor ligands or indirectly by FAAH and MAGL inhibitors. We evaluated that the direct influence of ECS, using FAAH (URB 597) and MAGL (JZL 184) inhibitors, on the schizophrenia-like effects in mice. The behavioral schizophrenia-like symptoms were obtained in animals by using N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, MK-801. An acute administration of MK-801 (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg) induced psychotic symptoms in rodents, manifested as the increase in locomotor activity, measured in actimeters, as well as the memory impairment, assessed in the passive avoidance (PA) task. We revealed that an acute administration of URB 597, at the dose of 0.3 mg/kg, attenuated MK-801 (0.6 mg/kg)-induced memory impairment. In turn, an acute administration of URB 597 at a higher dose (1 mg/kg) potentiated MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg)-induced memory impairment. Similarly, an acute administration of JZL 184 (20 and 40 mg/kg) intensified an amnestic effect of MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg). Moreover, an acute injection of JZL 184 (1 mg/kg) potentiated hyperlocomotion is provoked by MK-801 (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg) administration. The present findings clearly indicate that ECS, through an indirect manner, modulates a variety of schizophrenia-like responses in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kruk-Slomka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a Street, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Izabela Banaszkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a Street, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Slomka
- Department of Mathematics and Medical Biostatistics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4 Street, 20-954, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grazyna Biala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a Street, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
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25
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Niigaki ST, Peres FF, Ferreira L, Libanio T, Gouvea DA, Levin R, Almeida V, Silva ND, Diana MC, Suiama MA, Calzavara MB, Abilio VC. Young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) display prodromal schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormalities. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 90:169-76. [PMID: 30500412 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) strain has been suggested as an animal model of schizophrenia, considering that adult SHRs display behavioral abnormalities that mimic the cognitive, psychotic and negative symptoms of the disease and are characteristic of its animal models. SHRs display: (I) deficits in fear conditioning and latent inhibition (modeling cognitive impairments), (II) deficit in prepulse inhibition of startle reflex (reflecting a deficit in sensorimotor gating, and associated with psychotic symptoms), (III) diminished social behavior (modeling negative symptoms) and (IV) hyperlocomotion (modeling the hyperactivity of the dopaminergic mesolimbic system/ psychotic symptoms). These behavioral abnormalities are reversed specifically by the administration of antipsychotic drugs. Here, we performed a behavioral characterization of young (27-50 days old) SHRs in order to investigate potential early behavioral abnormalities resembling the prodromal phase of schizophrenia. When compared to Wistar rats, young SHRs did not display hyperlocomotion or PPI deficit, but exhibited diminished social interaction and impaired fear conditioning and latent inhibition. These findings are in accordance with the clinical course of schizophrenia: manifestation of social and cognitive impairments and absence of full-blown psychotic symptoms in the prodromal phase. The present data reinforce the SHR strain as a model of schizophrenia, expanding its validity to the prodromal phase of the disorder.
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de Almeida V, Martins-de-Souza D. Cannabinoids and glial cells: possible mechanism to understand schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:727-737. [PMID: 29392440 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and neurobiological findings have reported the involvement of endocannabinoid signaling in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This system modulates dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission that is associated with positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Despite neurotransmitter impairments, increasing evidence points to a role of glial cells in schizophrenia pathobiology. Glial cells encompass three main groups: oligodendrocytes, microglia, and astrocytes. These cells promote several neurobiological functions, such as myelination of axons, metabolic and structural support, and immune response in the central nervous system. Impairments in glial cells lead to disruptions in communication and in the homeostasis of neurons that play role in pathobiology of disorders such as schizophrenia. Therefore, data suggest that glial cells may be a potential pharmacological tool to treat schizophrenia and other brain disorders. In this regard, glial cells express cannabinoid receptors and synthesize endocannabinoids, and cannabinoid drugs affect some functions of these cells that can be implicated in schizophrenia pathobiology. Thus, the aim of this review is to provide data about the glial changes observed in schizophrenia, and how cannabinoids could modulate these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria de Almeida
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo, Brazil
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Peres FF, Diana MC, Levin R, Suiama MA, Almeida V, Vendramini AM, Santos CM, Zuardi AW, Hallak JEC, Crippa JA, Abílio VC. Cannabidiol Administered During Peri-Adolescence Prevents Behavioral Abnormalities in an Animal Model of Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:901. [PMID: 30186164 PMCID: PMC6113576 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is considered a debilitating neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder and its pharmacotherapy remains problematic without recent major advances. The development of interventions able to prevent the emergence of schizophrenia would therefore represent an enormous progress. Here, we investigated whether treatment with cannabidiol (CBD - a compound of Cannabis sativa that presents an antipsychotic profile in animals and humans) during peri-adolescence would prevent schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormalities in an animal model of schizophrenia: the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) strain. Wistar rats and SHRs were treated with vehicle or CBD from 30 to 60 post-natal days. In experiment 1, schizophrenia-like behaviors (locomotor activity, social interaction, prepulse inhibition of startle and contextual fear conditioning) were assessed on post-natal day 90. Side effects commonly associated with antipsychotic treatment were also evaluated: body weight gain and catalepsy throughout the treatment, and oral dyskinesia 48 h after treatment interruption and on post-natal day 90. In experiment 2, serum levels of triglycerides and glycemia were assessed on post-natal day 61. In experiment 3, levels of BDNF, monoamines, and their metabolites were evaluated on post-natal days 61 and 90 in the prefrontal cortex and striatum. Treatment with CBD prevented the emergence of SHRs' hyperlocomotor activity (a model for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia) and deficits in prepulse inhibition of startle and contextual fear conditioning (cognitive impairments). CBD did not induce any of the potential motor or metabolic side effects evaluated. Treatment with CBD increased the prefrontal cortex 5-HIAA/serotonin ratio and the levels of 5-HIAA on post-natal days 61 and 90, respectively. Our data provide pre-clinical evidence for a safe and beneficial effect of peripubertal and treatment with CBD on preventing positive and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, and suggest the involvement of the serotoninergic system on this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda F Peres
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Diana
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Levin
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayra A Suiama
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana M Vendramini
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila M Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio W Zuardi
- National Institute for Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- National Institute for Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- National Institute for Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Abílio
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Lian J, Deng C. The effects of antipsychotics on the density of cannabinoid receptors in selected brain regions of male and female adolescent juvenile rats. Psychiatry Res 2018; 266:317-322. [PMID: 29576413 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs have been increasingly prescribed to children and adolescents for treating various mental disorders, such as childhood-onset schizophrenia. The abnormality of endocannabinoid system is involved in the pathophysiology of these disorders in juveniles. This study investigated the effect of antipsychotics on the cannabinoid (CB) receptors in the brain of both male and female juvenile rats. The postnatal rats (PD23±1) were administered aripiprazole (1 mg/kg), olanzapine (1 mg/kg), risperidone (0.3 mg/kg) or vehicle (control) for 3 weeks. Quantitative autoradiography was used to investigate the binding densities of [3H]CP-55940 (an agonist for CB1R and CB2R) and [3H]SR141716A (a selective CB1R antagonist) in the rat brains. Risperidone significantly upregulated the [3H]CP55940 and [3H]SR141716A bindings in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens core (NAcC), nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS), cingulate cortex (Cg), and the caudate putamen (CPu) in male rats. Moreover, aripiprazole significantly elevated the [3H]SR141716A binding in the Cg and NAcS of female rats. Furthermore, there is an overall higher [3H]SR141716A binding level in the brain of female rats than male rats. Therefore, treatment with aripiprazole, olanzapine and risperidone could induce differential and gender specific effects on the binding density of cannabinoid receptors in the selected brain regions of childhood/adolescent rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Lian
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Chao Deng
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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Peres FF, Eufrásio RÁ, Gouvêa DA, Diana MC, Santos CM, Swardfager W, Abílio VC, Cogo-Moreira H. A schizophrenia-like behavioral trait in the SHR model: Applying confirmatory factor analysis as a new statistical tool. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 85:16-22. [PMID: 29625156 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Questionnaires that assess symptoms of schizophrenia patients undergo strict statistical validation, often using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). CFA allows testing the existence of a trait that both collectively explains the symptoms and gathers the information in a single general index. In rodents, some behaviors are used to model psychiatric symptoms, but no single test or paradigm adequately captures the disorder's phenotype in toto. This work investigated the existence of a behavioral trait in the SHR strain underlying five behavioral tasks used in schizophrenia animal studies and altered in this strain: locomotor activity, rearing behavior, social interaction, prepulse inhibition of startle and contextual fear conditioning. The analysis was conducted on a sample of Wistar (n = 290) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRs, n = 290). CFA showed the existence of a continuous trait in both strains, and higher values among SHRs. This work is the first to demonstrate the existence of a schizophrenia-like trait in an animal model. We suggest that using CFA to evaluate behavioral parameters in animals might facilitate the pre-clinical investigation of psychiatric disorders, diminishing the gap between animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Fiel Peres
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine, INCT-TM, CNPq, FAPESP, CAPES, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Raí Álvares Eufrásio
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas Albuquerque Gouvêa
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cepollaro Diana
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Maurício Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vanessa Costhek Abílio
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine, INCT-TM, CNPq, FAPESP, CAPES, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- LiNC, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Diana MC, Peres FF, Justi V, Bressan RA, Lacerda ALT, Crippa JA, Hallak JEC, Abilio VC. Sodium nitroprusside is effective in preventing and/or reversing the development of schizophrenia-related behaviors in an animal model: The SHR strain. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:624-632. [PMID: 29656549 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The treatment of schizophrenia with antipsychotics is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, the search for new treatments and prevention is crucial, and animal models are fundamental tools for this objective. Preclinical and clinical data evidence the antipsychotic profile of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor. We aimed to investigate SNP in treating and/or preventing the schizophrenia-related behaviors presented by the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) strain. METHODS Wistar rats (WR) and SHRs were submitted to two schemes of treatment: (i) a single injection of SNP or vehicle in adulthood; (ii) a long-term early treatment from 30 to 60 postnatal day with SNP or vehicle. The following behaviors were evaluated 24 hours after the acute treatment or 30 days after the long-term treatment: locomotion, social interaction, and contextual fear conditioning. RESULTS Spontaneously hypertensive rats presented hyperlocomotion, decreased social interaction, and impaired contextual fear conditioning. Single injection of SNP decreased social interaction in both strains and induced a deficit in contextual fear conditioning in WR. Oppositely, early treatment with SNP prevented the behavioral abnormalities in adult SHRs without promoting any effects in WR. CONCLUSION Our preclinical data point to SNP as a preventive and safe strategy with a broad range of effectiveness to the positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Diana
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Peres
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Veronica Justi
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- LiNC-Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Acioly L T Lacerda
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,LiNC-Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre Crippa
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanesssa Costhek Abilio
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Delis F, Rosko L, Shroff A, Leonard KE, Thanos PK. Oral haloperidol or olanzapine intake produces distinct and region-specific increase in cannabinoid receptor levels that is prevented by high fat diet. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 79:268-280. [PMID: 28619471 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies show higher levels of cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) in the brain of schizophrenic patients while preclinical studies report a significant functional interaction between dopamine D2 receptors and CB1Rs as well as an upregulation of CB1Rs after antipsychotic treatment. These findings prompted us to study the effects of chronic oral intake of a first and a second generation antipsychotic, haloperidol and olanzapine, on the levels and distribution of CB1Rs in the rat brain. Rats consumed either regular chow or high-fat food and drank water, haloperidol drinking solution (1.5mg/kg), or olanzapine drinking solution (10mg/kg) for four weeks. Motor and cognitive functions were tested at the end of treatment week 3 and upon drug discontinuation. Two days after drug discontinuation, rats were euthanized and brains were processed for in vitro receptor autoradiography. In chow-fed animals, haloperidol and olanzapine increased CB1R levels in the basal ganglia and the hippocampus, in a similar, but not identical pattern. In addition, olanzapine had unique effects in CB1R upregulation in higher order cognitive areas, in the secondary somatosensory cortex, in the visual and auditory cortices and the geniculate nuclei, as well as in the hypothalamus. High fat food consumption prevented antipsychotic-induced increase in CB1R levels in all regions examined, with one exception, the globus pallidus, in which they were higher in haloperidol-treated rats. The results point towards the hypothesis that increased CB1R levels could be a confounding effect of antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia that is circumveneted by high fat feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Delis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Lauren Rosko
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Aditya Shroff
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Kenneth E Leonard
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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Ruggiero RN, Rossignoli MT, De Ross JB, Hallak JEC, Leite JP, Bueno-Junior LS. Cannabinoids and Vanilloids in Schizophrenia: Neurophysiological Evidence and Directions for Basic Research. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:399. [PMID: 28680405 PMCID: PMC5478733 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Much of our knowledge of the endocannabinoid system in schizophrenia comes from behavioral measures in rodents, like prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle and open-field locomotion, which are commonly used along with neurochemical approaches or drug challenge designs. Such methods continue to map fundamental mechanisms of sensorimotor gating, hyperlocomotion, social interaction, and underlying monoaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic disturbances. These strategies will require, however, a greater use of neurophysiological tools to better inform clinical research. In this sense, electrophysiology and viral vector-based circuit dissection, like optogenetics, can further elucidate how exogenous cannabinoids worsen (e.g., tetrahydrocannabinol, THC) or ameliorate (e.g., cannabidiol, CBD) schizophrenia symptoms, like hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive deficits. Also, recent studies point to a complex endocannabinoid-endovanilloid interplay, including the influence of anandamide (endogenous CB1 and TRPV1 agonist) on cognitive variables, such as aversive memory extinction. In fact, growing interest has been devoted to TRPV1 receptors as promising therapeutic targets. Here, these issues are reviewed with an emphasis on the neurophysiological evidence. First, we contextualize imaging and electrographic findings in humans. Then, we present a comprehensive review on rodent electrophysiology. Finally, we discuss how basic research will benefit from further combining psychopharmacological and neurophysiological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael N Ruggiero
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Matheus T Rossignoli
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jana B De Ross
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Joao P Leite
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lezio S Bueno-Junior
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
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Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies have shown that the cannabinoid system is involved in anxiety. In addition, transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channels are new targets for the development of anxiolytics. The present study investigated the possible interaction between the cannabinoid and vanilloid systems on anxiety-like behavior in rats. Methods: Four different groups of male Wistar rats received intraperitoneal (IP) injections of (1) vehicle (DMSO+saline), (2) cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55212-2 (WIN) (1 mg/kg), (3) TRPV1 receptor antagonist capsazepine (CPZ) (5 mg/kg), or (4) combined WIN (1 mg/kg) and CPZ (5 mg/kg) treatment 30 minutes before testing in the elevated plus maze. Results: The results showed that compared to the control (vehicle), both WIN and CPZ increased the time spent and number of entries on the open arms. Co-administration of WIN and CPZ had a synergistic effect, i.e., the number of entries and time spent on the open arms was greater than that in the groups administered the two compounds alone. The total distance travelled by rats and total number of entries on to the arms did not significantly differ between groups. Conclusion: Acute neuropharmacological blockade of the TRPV1 receptor or stimulation of the CB1 receptor produced an anxiolytic effect. It seems that antagonism of the vanilloid system modulates cannabinoid gain that rises the anxiolytic effect. TRPV1 antagonism may amend generation of endocannabinoids, which in turn increases anxiolytic impact. These results suggest that two systems could act on or share a common signaling pathway affecting the expression of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Faraji
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Biology, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Kruk-Slomka M, Banaszkiewicz I, Biala G. The Impact of CB2 Receptor Ligands on the MK-801-Induced Hyperactivity in Mice. Neurotox Res 2017; 31:410-20. [PMID: 28138895 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been known that there is a relationship between cannabis use and schizophrenia-related symptoms; however, it can be a subject of controversy. The involvement of CB1 receptor ligands in the schizophrenia has already been revealed and confirmed. However, there is still lack of information concerning the role of CB2 receptors in the psychosis-like effects in mice and the further studies are needed.The aim of the present research was to study the role of the CB2 receptor ligands in the symptoms typical for schizophrenia. We provoked hyperlocomotion in mice which is analogous to positive psychosis-like effects in humans, by an acute administration of a NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg), a pharmacological model of schizophrenia. An acute administration of MK-801 induced the increase in locomotor activity (hyperactivity) in rodents, measured in actimeters.We revealed that an acute injection of CB2 receptor agonist JWH 133 at the dose range (0.05-1.0 mg/kg) and CB2 receptor antagonist, AM 630 at the dose range (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) decreased locomotion of mice. An acute injection of JWH 133 (2.0 mg/kg) and AM 630 (2.0 mg/kg) had no statistical significant influence on the locomotor activity of mice. However, an acute injection of both CB2 receptor ligands (agonist and antagonist), JWH 133, at the non-effective dose of 2.0 mg/kg and AM 630 at the non-effective dose of 2.0 mg/kg, potentiated the MK-801-induced hyperactivity.The present findings have confirmed that endocannabinoid system, not only via CB1, but also via CB2 receptors, may be involved in the schizophrenia-like responses, including hyperlocomotion in mice.
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Rohleder C, Müller JK, Lange B, Leweke FM. Cannabidiol as a Potential New Type of an Antipsychotic. A Critical Review of the Evidence. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:422. [PMID: 27877130 PMCID: PMC5099166 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is urgent need for the development of mechanistically different and less side-effect prone antipsychotic compounds. The endocannabinoid system has been suggested to represent a potential new target in this indication. While the chronic use of cannabis itself has been considered a risk factor contributing to the development of schizophrenia, triggered by the phytocannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol, the second most important phytocannabinoid, appears to have no psychotomimetic potential. Although, results from animal studies are inconsistent to a certain extent and seem to depend on behavioral paradigms, treatment duration and experimental conditions applied, cannabidiol has shown antipsychotic properties in both rodents and rhesus monkeys. After some individual treatment attempts, the first randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial demonstrated that in acute schizophrenia cannabidiol exerts antipsychotic properties comparable to the antipsychotic drug amisulpride while being accompanied by a superior, placebo-like side effect profile. As the clinical improvement by cannabidiol was significantly associated with elevated anandamide levels, it appears likely that its antipsychotic action is based on mechanisms associated with increased anandamide concentrations. Although, a plethora of mechanisms of action has been suggested, their potential relevance for the antipsychotic effects of cannabidiol still needs to be investigated. The clarification of these mechanisms as well as the establishment of cannabidiol’s antipsychotic efficacy and its hopefully benign side-effect profile remains the subject of a number of previously started clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin Rohleder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim Germany
| | - Juliane K Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim Germany
| | - Bettina Lange
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim Germany
| | - F M Leweke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim Germany
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Randhawa PK, Jaggi AS. Investigating the involvement of TRPV 1 ion channels in remote hind limb preconditioning-induced cardioprotection in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:117-26. [PMID: 27752734 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) treatment strategy is a breakthrough in the field of cardiovascular pharmacology as it has the potential to attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the underlying intracellular pathways have not been widely explored. The present study intends to explore the possible role of TRPV1 channels in mediating remote hind limb preconditioning-induced cardioprotection. Remote hind limb preconditioning stimulus (4 cycles in succession) was delivered by tying the blood pressure cuff at the inguinal level of the rat. The Langendorff system was used to perfuse the isolated heart and afterward was subjected to 30 min of global ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. Sustained ischemia and, thereafter, reperfusion led to cardiac injury that was assessed in terms of infarct size, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, creatine kinase (CK) release, left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), +dp/dtmax, -dp/dtmin, heart rate, rate pressure product, and coronary flow rate. The pharmacological modulators employed included capsaicin as TRPV1 agonist and capsazepine as TRPV1 antagonist. Remote hind limb preconditioning stimulus and capsaicin preconditioning (5 and 10 mg/kg) led to significant reduction in infarct size, LVEDP, LDH release, CK release, and significant improvement in LVDP, +dp/dtmax, -dp/dtmin, heart rate, rate pressure product, and coronary flow rate. However, remote hind limb preconditioning-induced cardioprotective effects were considerably abolished in the presence of capsazepine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg). This indicates that remote hind limb preconditioning stimulus possibly activates TRPV1 channels to produce cardioprotective effects.
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Santos CM, Peres FF, Diana MC, Justi V, Suiama MA, Santana MG, Abílio VC. Peripubertal exposure to environmental enrichment prevents schizophrenia-like behaviors in the SHR strain animal model. Schizophr Res 2016; 176:552-559. [PMID: 27338757 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly disabling mental disorder, in which genetics and environmental factors interact culminating in the disease. The treatment of negative symptoms and cognitive deficits with antipsychotics is currently inefficient and is an important field of research. Environmental enrichment (EE) has been suggested to improve some cognitive deficits in animal models of various psychiatric disorders. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a possible beneficial effect of early and long-term exposure to EE on an animal model of schizophrenia, the SHR strain. Young male Wistar rats (control strain) and SHRs (21 post-natal days) were housed for 6weeks in two different conditions: in large cages (10 animals per cage) containing objects of different textures, forms, colors and materials that were changed 3 times/week (EE condition) or in standard cages (5 animals per cage - Control condition). Behavioral evaluations - social interaction (SI), locomotion, prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI) and spontaneous alternation (SA) - were performed 6weeks after the end of EE. SHRs presented deficits in PPI (a sensorimotor impairment), SI (mimicking the negative symptoms) and SA (a working memory deficit), and also hyperlocomotion (modeling the positive symptoms). EE was able to reduce locomotion and increase PPI in both strains, and to prevent the working memory deficit in SHRs. EE also increased the number of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus. In conclusion, EE can be a potential nonpharmacological strategy to prevent some behavioral deficits associated with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Mauricio Santos
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° andar, Ed. de Pesquisas II, CEP 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fiel Peres
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° andar, Ed. de Pesquisas II, CEP 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 5° andar, Ed. de Pesquisas II, CEP 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cepollaro Diana
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° andar, Ed. de Pesquisas II, CEP 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Veronica Justi
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° andar, Ed. de Pesquisas II, CEP 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayra Akimi Suiama
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° andar, Ed. de Pesquisas II, CEP 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 5° andar, Ed. de Pesquisas II, CEP 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Gonçalves Santana
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° andar, Ed. de Pesquisas II, CEP 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 5° andar, Ed. de Pesquisas II, CEP 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Costhek Abílio
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° andar, Ed. de Pesquisas II, CEP 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 5° andar, Ed. de Pesquisas II, CEP 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Sarvaiya K, Goswami S. Investigation of the effects of vanilloids in chronic fatigue syndrome. Brain Res Bull 2016; 127:187-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Peres FF, Levin R, Suiama MA, Diana MC, Gouvêa DA, Almeida V, Santos CM, Lungato L, Zuardi AW, Hallak JEC, Crippa JA, Vânia D, Silva RH, Abílio VC. Cannabidiol Prevents Motor and Cognitive Impairments Induced by Reserpine in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:343. [PMID: 27733830 PMCID: PMC5040118 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotomimetic compound from Cannabis sativa that presents antipsychotic, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. In Parkinson's disease patients, CBD is able to attenuate the psychotic symptoms induced by L-DOPA and to improve quality of life. Repeated administration of reserpine in rodents induces motor impairments that are accompanied by cognitive deficits, and has been applied to model both tardive dyskinesia and Parkinson's disease. The present study investigated whether CBD administration would attenuate reserpine-induced motor and cognitive impairments in rats. Male Wistar rats received four injections of CBD (0.5 or 5 mg/kg) or vehicle (days 2-5). On days 3 and 5, animals received also one injection of 1 mg/kg reserpine or vehicle. Locomotor activity, vacuous chewing movements, and catalepsy were assessed from day 1 to day 7. On days 8 and 9, we evaluated animals' performance on the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task, for learning/memory assessment. CBD (0.5 and 5 mg/kg) attenuated the increase in catalepsy behavior and in oral movements - but not the decrease in locomotion - induced by reserpine. CBD (0.5 mg/kg) also ameliorated the reserpine-induced memory deficit in the discriminative avoidance task. Our data show that CBD is able to attenuate motor and cognitive impairments induced by reserpine, suggesting the use of this compound in the pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease and tardive dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda F Peres
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Levin
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayra A Suiama
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Diana
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas A Gouvêa
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Almeida
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila M Santos
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lisandro Lungato
- Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio W Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine - National Council for Scientific and Technological DevelopmentRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine - National Council for Scientific and Technological DevelopmentRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine - National Council for Scientific and Technological DevelopmentRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - D'Almeida Vânia
- Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina H Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Abílio
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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Peres FF, Levin R, Almeida V, Zuardi AW, Hallak JE, Crippa JA, Abilio VC. Cannabidiol, among Other Cannabinoid Drugs, Modulates Prepulse Inhibition of Startle in the SHR Animal Model: Implications for Schizophrenia Pharmacotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:303. [PMID: 27667973 PMCID: PMC5016523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder that involves positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. Prepulse inhibition of startle reflex (PPI) is a paradigm that assesses the sensorimotor gating functioning and is impaired in schizophrenia patients as well as in animal models of this disorder. Recent data point to the participation of the endocannabinoid system in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia. Here, we focus on the effects of cannabinoid drugs on the PPI deficit of animal models of schizophrenia, with greater focus on the SHR (Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats) strain, and on the future prospects resulting from these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda F Peres
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Escola Paulista De Medicina, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista De Medicina, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Levin
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Escola Paulista De Medicina, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista De Medicina, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Almeida
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Escola Paulista De Medicina, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista De Medicina, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio W Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq)Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime E Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq)Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq)Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Abilio
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Escola Paulista De Medicina, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista De Medicina, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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Kruk-Slomka M, Budzynska B, Slomka T, Banaszkiewicz I, Biala G. The Influence of the CB1 Receptor Ligands on the Schizophrenia-Like Effects in Mice Induced by MK-801. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:658-76. [PMID: 27577742 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of psychiatric research has emerged, focusing on the role of endocannabinoid system in psychiatric disorders. For example, the endocannabinoid system, via cannabinoid CB (CB1 and CB2) receptors, is able to control the function of many receptors, such as N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors connected strictly with psychosis or other schizophrenia-associated symptoms. The aim of the present research was to investigate the impact of the CB1 receptor ligands on the symptoms typical for schizophrenia. We provoked psychosis-like effects in mice by an acute administration of NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (0.1–0.6 mg/kg). An acute administration of MK-801 induced psychotic symptoms, manifested in the increase in locomotor activity (hyperactivity), measured in actimeters, as well as the memory impairment, assessed in the passive avoidance task. We revealed that an acute injection of CB1 receptor agonist, oleamide (5–20 mg/kg), had no influence on the short- and long-term memory-related disturbances, as well as on the hyperlocomotion in mice, provoking by an acute MK-801. In turn, an amnestic effects or hyperactivity induced by an acute MK-801 was attenuated by an acute administration of AM 251 (0.25–3 mg/kg), a CB1 receptor antagonist. The present findings confirm that endocannabinoid system is able to modify a variety of schizophrenia-like responses, including the cognitive disturbances and hyperlocomotion in mice. Antipsychotic-like effects induced by CB1 receptor antagonist, obtained in our research, confirm the potential effect of CB1 receptor blockade and could have important therapeutic implications on clinical settings, in the future.
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Fakhoury M. Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:768-778. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Preclinical and clinical data fully support the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the etiopathogenesis of several mental diseases. In this review we will briefly summarize the most common alterations in the endocannabinoid system, in terms of cannabinoid receptors and endocannabinoid levels, present in mood disorders (anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, and suicidality) as well as psychosis (schizophrenia) and autism. The arising picture for each pathology is not always straightforward; however, both animal and human studies seem to suggest that pharmacological modulation of this system might represent a novel approach for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Rubino
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences and Neuroscience Centre, University of Insubria, Via Manara 7, 21052, Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Erica Zamberletti
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences and Neuroscience Centre, University of Insubria, Via Manara 7, 21052, Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
- Fondazione Zardi Gori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Parolaro
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences and Neuroscience Centre, University of Insubria, Via Manara 7, 21052, Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy.
- Fondazione Zardi Gori, Milan, Italy.
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