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Kamiński P, Nurzynska K, Kwiecień J, Obuchowicz R, Piórkowski A, Pociask E, Stępień A, Kociołek M, Strzelecki M, Augustyniak P. Sex Differentiation of Trabecular Bone Structure Based on Textural Analysis of Pelvic Radiographs. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1904. [PMID: 38610669 PMCID: PMC11012966 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to assess the determination of male and female sex from trabecular bone structures in the pelvic region. The study involved analyzing digital radiographs for 343 patients and identifying fourteen areas of interest based on their medical significance, with seven regions on each side of the body for symmetry. Methods: Textural parameters for each region were obtained using various methods, and a thorough investigation of data normalization was conducted. Feature selection approaches were then evaluated to determine a small set of the most representative features, which were input into several classification machine learning models. Results: The findings revealed a sex-dependent correlation in the bone structure observed in X-ray images, with the degree of dependency varying based on the anatomical location. Notably, the femoral neck and ischium regions exhibited distinctive characteristics between sexes. Conclusions: This insight is crucial for medical professionals seeking to estimate sex dependencies from such image data. For these four specific areas, the balanced accuracy exceeded 70%. The results demonstrated symmetry, confirming the genuine dependencies in the trabecular bone structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kamiński
- Clinic of Locomotor Disorders, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland;
- Małopolska Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Hospital, Modrzewiowa 22, 30-224 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Nurzynska
- Department of Algorithmics and Software, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Kwiecień
- Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Rafał Obuchowicz
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 19, 31–501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Adam Piórkowski
- Department of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland (E.P.); (P.A.)
| | - Elżbieta Pociask
- Department of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland (E.P.); (P.A.)
| | | | - Marcin Kociołek
- Institute of Electronics, Lodz University of Technology, 93-590 Lodz, Poland; (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Michał Strzelecki
- Institute of Electronics, Lodz University of Technology, 93-590 Lodz, Poland; (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Piotr Augustyniak
- Department of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland (E.P.); (P.A.)
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Jin F, Song J, Luo Y, Wang B, Ding M, Hu J, Chen Z. Association between skull bone mineral density and periodontitis: Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2014). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271475. [PMID: 36584175 PMCID: PMC9803209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bone mineral density (BMD) and periodontitis have been the subject of many studies. However, the relationship between skull (including mandible) BMD and periodontitis has not been extensively studied. An objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between skull BMD and periodontitis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) for 2011-2012 and 2013-2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS From NHANES 2011-2014, 3802 participants aged 30-59 were selected. We divided the skull BMD level into quartiles to check the distribution of variables. Periodontitis was defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Association of Periodontology (AAP) in 2012. Multivariate logical regression analysis was used to explore the independent relationship between skull BMD and periodontitis. The generalized additive model (GAM), smooth curve fitting (penalty spline) and threshold effect analysis was used to evaluate dose-response relationship between skull BMD and periodontitis and the potential nonlinear relationship between skull BMD and periodontitis. Finally, subgroup analysis and interaction test were conducted to determine the role of covariates between skull BMD and periodontitis. RESULTS The overall average skull BMD of 3802 participants was 2.24g/cm2, the average age was 43.94 years, and the prevalence of periodontitis was 41.03%. In the fully adjusted logistic regression model, skull BMD and periodontitis showed an independent negative correlation (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.59-0.90, P = 0.0032) and a linear relationship. Compared with the lowest quartile array (Q1:1.22-1.98) of skull BMD, the highest quartile array(Q4: 2.47-3.79) had a significantly lower risk of periodontitis (OR 0.70,95% CI 0.56-0.87, P = 0.0014). Subgroup analysis showed a highly consistent negative correlation between skull BMD and periodontitis. In the interaction test, people with moderate poverty income ratio (1.57-3.62) and those who had more than 12 alcohol drinks in the past year had a lower risk of periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS This result suggested that periodontal disease can be related to low skull BMD, for those people, oral hygiene and health care should be more closely monitored. Validation of our findings will require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqian Jin
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jukun Song
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital & Stomatology of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Beichuan Wang
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ming Ding
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Hu
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Rowbotham SK, Mole CG, Tieppo D, Blaszkowska M, Cordner S, Blau S. Reference measurements for average human neurocranial bone density to inform head trauma interpretations. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2022.2141320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K Rowbotham
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Calvin G Mole
- Department of Pathology, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Diana Tieppo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Magda Blaszkowska
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Stephen Cordner
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Soren Blau
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Malatong Y, Palee P, Sinthubua A, Na Lampang S, Mahakkanukrauh P. Estimating age from digital radiographic images of lumbar vertebrae in a Thai population using an image analysis technique. Med Sci Law 2022; 62:180-187. [PMID: 34821164 DOI: 10.1177/00258024211062027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using the lumbar vertebra for age estimation is helpful in cases when skeletal remains are incomplete and typical skeletal age indicators are absent. This study aimed to apply an image analysis method in extracting black pixel variables for age estimation by using the radiographic images of lumbar vertebra in a Thai population. All lumbar vertebrae L1-L5 of 220 (110 males and 110 females) from Thai individuals of known sex and ages were studied. The variables of Total Percentage of black pixels (TP), Mean Percentage of black pixels (MP), and Ratio of black to white pixels (BW), were calculated to assess the relationship between black pixel variables and aging. Equations were formulated using linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicated three variables of the lumbar vertebrae had significantly positive correlations with age. The correlation between parameters with age in males ranged 0.211-0.419, while the range in females was 0.219-0.458. The appropriate linear regression equation with the total and mean percentages of black pixel variables shows Age = -1.348+0.871 (TP) +0.514 (MP) of L4 for males (SEE; 15.4 years), and Age = 5.338 +0.316 (TP) +0.952 (MP) of L1 for females (SEE; 13.8 years). Age estimation using an image analysis method is an alternative to investigating the trabecular structure. The black pixel variable is not the actual value of bone density. However, it is useful to study its relationship with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanumart Malatong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 26682Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patison Palee
- College of Arts, Media and Technology, 26682Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Apichat Sinthubua
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 26682Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sakarat Na Lampang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, 26682Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 26682Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Forensic Osteology Research Center (FORC), Faculty of Medicine, 26682Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Excellence in Osteology Research and Training Center (ORTC), 26682Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Curate F, Navega D, Cunha E, Coelho JD. DXAGE 2.0 - adult age at death estimation using bone loss in the proximal femur and the second metacarpal. Int J Legal Med 2022. [PMID: 35624167 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02840-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The accurate age at death assessment of unidentified adult skeletal individuals is a critical research task in forensic anthropology, being a key feature for the determination of biological profiles of individual skeletal remains. We have previously shown that the age-related decrease of bone mineral density (BMD) in the proximal femur could be used to assess age at death in women (Navega et al., J Forensic Sci 63:497-503, 2018). The present study aims to generate models for age estimation in both sexes through bone densitometry of the femur and radiogrammetry of the second metacarpal. The training sample comprised 224 adults (120 females, 104 males) from the "Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection," and different models were generated through least squares regression and general regression neural networks (GRNN). The models were operationalized in a user-friendly online interface at https://osteomics.com/DXAGE2/ . The mean absolute difference between the known and estimated age at death ranges from 9.39 to 13.18 years among women and from 10.33 to 15.76 among men with the least squares regression models. For the GRNN models, the mean absolute difference between documented and projected age ranges from 8.44 to 12.58 years in women and from 10.56 to 16.18 years in men. DXAGE 2.0 enables age estimation in incomplete and/or fragmentary skeletal remains, using alternative skeletal regions, with reliable results.
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Henyš P, Vořechovský M, Kuchař M, Heinemann A, Kopal J, Ondruschka B, Hammer N. Bone mineral density modeling via random field: Normality, stationarity, sex and age dependence. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2021; 210:106353. [PMID: 34500142 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Capturing the population variability of bone properties is of paramount importance to biomedical engineering. The aim of the present paper is to describe variability and correlations in bone mineral density with a spatial random field inferred from routine computed tomography data. METHODS Random fields were simulated by transforming pairwise uncorrelated Gaussian random variables into correlated variables through the spectral decomposition of an age-detrended correlation matrix. The validity of the random field model was demonstrated in the spatiotemporal analysis of bone mineral density. The similarity between the computed tomography samples and those generated via random fields was analyzed with the energy distance metric. RESULTS The random field of bone mineral density was found to be approximately Gaussian/slightly left-skewed/strongly right-skewed at various locations. However, average bone density could be simulated well with the proposed Gaussian random field for which the energy distance, i.e., a measure that quantifies discrepancies between two distribution functions, is convergent with respect to the number of correlation eigenpairs. CONCLUSIONS The proposed random field model allows the enhancement of computational biomechanical models with variability in bone mineral density, which could increase the usability of the model and provides a step forward in in-silico medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Henyš
- Institute of New Technologies and Applied Informatics, Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentskí 1402/2, Liberec 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Vořechovský
- Institute of Structural Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Veveří 331/95, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kuchař
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, Hradec Králové, 500 03, Czech Republic.
| | - Axel Heinemann
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, Hamburg 22529, Germany
| | - Jiří Kopal
- Institute of New Technologies and Applied Informatics, Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentskí 1402/2, Liberec 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Benjamin Ondruschka
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, Hamburg 22529, Germany
| | - Niels Hammer
- Department of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, Graz 8036, Austria; Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, Nöthnitzer Straße 44, 01187, Dresden, Germany
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Taylor SC, Hammer N, Zwirner J, Ondruschka B, Kieser DC. Morphometric and density comparisons of Bos taurus scapulae as a proxy to human frontal crania. Egypt J Forensic Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-020-00191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In the absence of cadaveric tissues, forensic simulation, trauma modelling, and cranial surgical training necessitates a surrogate for the human calvaria. This study investigates the validity of Bos taurus scapulae as a proxy for human frontal bones by comparing the laminar and cancellous bone thickness, as well as the bone mineral density (BMD) of cadaveric frontal bones and adult Bos taurus scapulae.
Results
This study aimed to validate the bovine scapulae as a valid proxy for forensic experiments, which benefit researchers and investigators who need to recreate forensic scenarios where synthetic proxies are found unsuitable due to their non-viscoelastic nature and cadaveric human models are unavailable due to ethical restrictions. Our results identified different total thicknesses of the relative bones, but non-different cortical measurements between human frontal bone and bovine scapulae. The bone mineral density is similar between both groups.
Conclusion
This study has found Bos taurus scapulae to be a suitable proxy for human frontal bones as it has a similar morphology with regard to thickness and structure as well as a comparable density. However, there is a significant difference between the cancellous bone, and therefore, the overall thickness.
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Monteiro C, Ferreira MT, Curate F, Gonçalves D. Assessing the reliability of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry analyses in burned bones. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2020.1826579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Monteiro
- University of Coimbra, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Curate
- University of Coimbra, Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Technology School, Polytechnic Institute of Tomar, Tomar/Mação, Portugal
| | - David Gonçalves
- University of Coimbra, Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Archaeosciences Laboratory, Directorate-General for Cultural Heritage (LARC/CIBIO/InBIO), Lisboa, Portugal
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Ichioka H, Miyamori D, Ishikawa N, Bandou R, Idota N, Kondou H, Ikegaya H. Estimation of Cadaveric Age by Ultrasonography. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10070499. [PMID: 32698432 PMCID: PMC7400501 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10070499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: While decreasing bone mineral density (BMD) with age in living people has been well documented, a correlation between age and bone mineral density in deceased people has only been reported in a few studies. A correlation between age and BMD in deceased people was investigated as an objective tool for age estimation of unidentified remains. (2) Methods: The Bone Area Ratio (BAR) was measured in 402 autopsy cases (143 females and 259 males over the age of 20). (3) Results: The correlation coefficient in the females was r = -0.5476, and the correlation coefficient in the males was r = -0.2166, indicating a stronger correlation in females than in males. A comparison of the BAR values in the deceased females for each age group with that in live females found no significant differences in the BAR values. BAR values in the deceased were similar to in live individuals, and this did not change with duration of the postmortem interval. (4) Conclusions: Measuring the BAR value based on bone mass using ultrasonic waves is rapid and easy, even for those lacking forensic training, and may be used to estimate the age of an individual and the likelihood of fracture due to trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ichioka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.I.); (D.M.); (N.I.); (R.B.); (N.I.); (H.K.)
| | - Daisuke Miyamori
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.I.); (D.M.); (N.I.); (R.B.); (N.I.); (H.K.)
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Noboru Ishikawa
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.I.); (D.M.); (N.I.); (R.B.); (N.I.); (H.K.)
- Department of Forensic Odontology and Anthropology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Risa Bandou
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.I.); (D.M.); (N.I.); (R.B.); (N.I.); (H.K.)
| | - Nozomi Idota
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.I.); (D.M.); (N.I.); (R.B.); (N.I.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroki Kondou
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.I.); (D.M.); (N.I.); (R.B.); (N.I.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroshi Ikegaya
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.I.); (D.M.); (N.I.); (R.B.); (N.I.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-251-5343
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Ford JM, Kumm TR, Decker SJ. An Analysis of Hounsfield Unit Values and Volumetrics from Computerized Tomography of the Proximal Femur for Sex and Age Estimation. J Forensic Sci 2019; 65:591-596. [PMID: 31670845 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Ford
- Department of Radiology Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida 2 Tampa General Circle, STC 6097 Tampa FL33606
| | - Todd R. Kumm
- Department of Radiology Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida 2 Tampa General Circle, STC 6097 Tampa FL33606
| | - Summer J. Decker
- Department of Radiology Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida 2 Tampa General Circle, STC 6097 Tampa FL33606
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11
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Botha D, Lynnerup N, Steyn M. Age estimation using bone mineral density in South Africans. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 297:307-314. [PMID: 30852414 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of bone mineral density (BMD) to predict age-at-death in skeletal remains provides a usable alternative to other methods because the values obtained are not observer-dependent. The aim of this study was to investigate the usability of BMD to estimate age in South African populations, and to assess inter-population variation and sex-specific differences in BMD values from the proximal end of the femur. In order to estimate age, regression analysis was done for the construction of population dependent formulae. The sample comprised of a total of 123 femora of black and white South Africans. DXA scans were performed using the Hologic Discovery system. Data analysis was done by employing independent-samples t-tests and correlation/regression analyses. The results indicated a statistically significant difference between black and white South Africans. Male groups were also significantly different from one another, but black and white females showed no significant differences. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between BMD values and age for the white population and the combined sample, but not for the black population. Bootstrapping were employed to confirm validity of the results. In conclusion, this study showed that the use of DXA measurements of the femur for estimating age may be used for the estimation of age-at-death in white South Africans, but more research is needed to better understand the relationship between bone mineral density and age in black South Africans.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Botha
- Human Variation and Identification Research Unit, School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - N Lynnerup
- Department of Forensic Pathology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Steyn
- Human Variation and Identification Research Unit, School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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12
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Bethard JD, Berger JM, Maiers J, Ross AH. Bone Mineral Density Adult Age Estimation in Forensic Anthropology: A Test of the DXAGE Application. J Forensic Sci 2018; 64:1125-1128. [PMID: 30550631 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Estimating age-at-death of individuals represented only by skeletonized human remains is a fundamental aspect of forensic anthropological casework. Recently, several researchers have proposed that bone mineral density (BMD) is a useful predictor of age-at-death in forensic contexts. Navega et al. (JFS 63(2):497-503) developed an online application called DXAGE for calculating age-at-death from BMD parameters. This study tests the utility of DXAGE by utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). BMD data from a female subsample (n = 470) of the NHANES 2007-2008 dataset were analyzed, and the relationship between predicted age and real age was examined. Inaccuracy was 14.25 years, and bias was -7.20 years. Results show that there is a weak correlation between predicted and actual age (r = 0.47) using the DXAGE application. While BMD data are potentially useful for predicting age age-at-death, the DXAGE application should be used cautiously in forensic anthropological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Bethard
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, SOC107, Tampa, FL, 33620
| | - Jacqueline M Berger
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, SOC107, Tampa, FL, 33620
| | - Justin Maiers
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, SOC107, Tampa, FL, 33620
| | - Ann H Ross
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 100 Eugene Brooks Avenue, Raleigh, NC, 27695
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