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Giannetti L, Gallo V, Necci F, Marini F, Giorgi A, Sonego E, D'Onofrio F, Neri B. LC-HRMS analysis of 13 classes of pharmaceutical substances in food supplements. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill 2023; 16:253-265. [PMID: 37287090 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2214883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Food supplements should not contain substances considered unsafe or pose a health risk to consumers. In recent years illegal adulterants have been found in various functional foods without notification of their presence or amount in the labelling. In this study, a validated method was developed and applied as a screening method to detect 124 forbidden substances belonging to 13 classes of compounds in food supplements. Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and a simple and rapid extraction protocol was applied to 110 food supplements collected from the internet market or during official controls in Italy. The percentage of non-compliant samples was 4.5%, relatively high compared with the official control results for these substances usually obtained on other food matrices. The results suggested the need to strengthen controls in this field to detect food supplement adulteration, which represents a potential health risk for the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Giannetti
- Laboratorio Chimica degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Gallo
- Laboratorio Chimica degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Necci
- Laboratorio Chimica degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Marini
- Laboratorio Chimica degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giorgi
- Laboratorio Chimica degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Sonego
- Laboratorio Chimica degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Onofrio
- Laboratorio Chimica degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Neri
- Laboratorio Chimica degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Rome, Italy
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2
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Bu XM, Zhao WD, Zhang MY, Wu DQ, Wu JY, Xu X, Chen D. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry for high-throughput analysis of androgenic steroid adulteration in traditional Chinese medicine based on d/d-Girard's reagent P labeling. Talanta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Saadabadi Z, Daraei B, Kobarfard F, Amirahmadi M, Kheirollahi K. Simultaneous Analysis and Efficient Separation of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids in Dietary Supplement by a Validated HPTLC Method. Iran J Pharm Res 2022; 21:e127444. [PMID: 36942061 PMCID: PMC10024326 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-127444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Using sports supplements is common among athletes. The presence of anabolic steroids in sports supplements as a hormonal contaminant can increase production efficiency. Since anabolic steroids cause health problems and result in positive doping tests in athletes, it is important to investigate their presence in the supplement preparations consumed by athletes. Objectives This paper aims to simultaneously determine ten anabolic steroids by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method in sports supplements. Methods Chromatographic analysis was conducted on glass silica gel 60F254 plates. The extracts loaded on silica gel plates are subjected to programed multiple development (PMD) to separate anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs). Densitometric scanning is carried out at the wavelength of 245 and 366nm. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. Results Spots at retardation factor (Rf) 0.72 (elution system 1), 0.4 (elution system 1), 0.29 (elution system 2), 0.25 (elution system 2), 0.1 (elution system 1), 0.65 (elution system 2), 0.59 (elution system 1), 0.44 (elution system 1), 0.8 (elution system 3), and 0.82 (elution system 3) values were recognized as 19-nor androstenedione, 19-nortestosterone, methyl testosterone, clostebol, stanozolol, trenbolone enanthate, oxymetholone, oxandrolone, testosterone enanthate, and nandrolone decanoate, respectively. The linear ranges were 25 - 250 μg/mL for oxymetholone, 7 - 50 μg/mL for 19-nor androstenedione, 19-nortestosterone, and oxandrolone, and 3 - 20 μg/mL for methyl testosterone, clostebol, stanozolol, trenbolone enanthate, testosterone enanthate, and nandrolone decanoate. The developed method is validated by acceptable precision (CV < 20%) and good accuracy (94% < R < 114%). The value of limit of detection (LOD) for all derivatives was in the range of 0.02 - 0.16 μg/spot (20-160 μg/g of supplement), while limit of quantitation (LOQ) was found to be in the range of 0.06 - 0.5 μg/spot (60 - 500 μg/g of supplement). Fifty sports supplement samples as real sample were collected and analyzed. None of the samples screened positive using the HPTLC method. Conclusions In the present study, the fast, cheap, and simple HPTLC method could be used for the multi-residue analysis of ten anabolic androgenic steroids in sports supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Saadabadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Daraei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Amirahmadi
- Food and Drug Laboratories Research Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kolsum Kheirollahi
- Food and Drug Laboratories Research Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Shkembi X, Botero ML, Skouridou V, Jauset-rubio M, Svobodova M, Ballester P, Bashammakh AS, El-shahawi MS, Alyoubi AO, O'sullivan CK. Novel nandrolone aptamer for rapid colorimetric detection of anabolic steroids. Anal Biochem 2022; 658:114937. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Abstract
An integrated origami paper-based analytical device (oPAD) based on competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for testosterone (TES) detection. In this design, a positive correlation between the signals and analytes was observed due to the connection of the reaction zone and signal readout zone by a "detachable bridge". The device displayed rapid (35 min), sensitive (LOD: 1 μg L-1) and highly selective characteristics for TES detection. In addition, complex matrices in healthcare food such as oral solutions and tablets showed a negligible effect on the accuracy of this assay (recovery: 95.4-109.1% and RSD < 6%), demonstrating its potential for hazardous chemical testing in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning, 116024, China
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, China.
| | - Yan Su
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, China.
| | - Meng Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, China.
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Chen D, Wang Z, Cui W, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wu D, Wang Z, Yu X, Luo Y, Hussain D, Xu X. High throughput and very specific screening of anabolic-androgenic steroid adulterants in healthy foods based on stable isotope labelling and flow injection analysis-tandem mass spectrometry with simultaneous monitoring proton adduct ions and chloride adduct ions. J Chromatogr A 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Micalizzi G, Huszti K, Pálinkás Z, Mandolfino F, Martos É, Dugo P, Mondello L, Utczás M. Reliable identification and quantification of anabolic androgenic steroids in dietary supplements by using gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2020; 13:128-139. [PMID: 32959986 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present research was the identification and quantification of specific anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) and other sterane structured compounds in dietary supplements (DSs). The adulteration of DSs by these compounds is of a particular concern in athletes, because it might lead to a positive doping result. The research was focused on the optimization of a highly sensitive and selective GC-based analytical strategy using triple quadrupole MS as detector. Chromatographic method and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions of 28 target compounds were optimized. Sample clean-up was carried out by using a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure, while the derivatization of AASs was performed by using N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA). The method was validated, and the following parameters were investigated: linearity range, limit of detection, accuracy, and precision expressed in terms of intra-day precision. The calibration curves were evaluated by using regression model and resulting in a good determination coefficients (R2 ≥ 0.9912). The residuals were scattered randomly around zero. The limits of detection (LODs) were lower than 7.0 ng g-1 or ng ml-1 . The accuracy assessment was evaluated in different forms of DSs characterized by high sample-to-sample variability (liquid, powder, tablet, capsule, protein, and herbal-based). Intra-day assay precision was in all cases lower than 20%. The developed analytical method was successfully applied to the analysis of 67 commercially available dietary supplements. In five cases, one or more steroid-type compounds were found in the concentration of 5 ng g-1 -100 μg g-1 , which might result adverse analytical findings in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Micalizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Katalin Huszti
- Center of Sports Nutrition Science (CSN), University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pálinkás
- Center of Sports Nutrition Science (CSN), University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Filippo Mandolfino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Foundation A. Imbesi c/o University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Éva Martos
- Center of Sports Nutrition Science (CSN), University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy.,BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Margita Utczás
- Center of Sports Nutrition Science (CSN), University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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8
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Zheng J, Ye C, Wang P, Liu Y, Yang H, Liu H. Quantitative analysis of total methenolone in animal source food by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2020; 13:148-155. [PMID: 32852087 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Methenolone, an anabolic androgenic steroid, has been applied to improve the quality and protein content of meat in animal husbandry. However, the usage of methenolone in sports is banned for its doping effects. Several methods have been reported to monitor the content of methenolone in serum and urine samples, but a highly sensitive detection system has not been developed for the determination of methenolone in animal source food due to its constituent complexity. In this study, a novel detection system was developed to quantify the contents of both free and conjugated methenolone in animal source food including pork, beef, mutton, milk, and eggs by using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) coupled with delicate pretreatment procedures. The conjugated methenolone in the above food samples was released by dual enzyme digestion, and the total methenolone was extracted by 1% formic acid in acetonitrile, followed by the purification using a PRiME HLB column or QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) salt. The compound d3 -methyltestosterone was used as an internal standard to minimize matrix interference. Finally, a wide linear range (0.5-20 μg/kg), low limit of detection (LOD) (0.3 μg/kg), good precision (<7% relative standard deviation), and high recovery (>90%) were obtained in the study of method validation. In summary, this analytical method provides a practicable monitoring tool for the quantification of methenolone in animal source food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Ye
- Wuhan Customs Technology Center, Wuhan Customs District P.R. China, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Wuhan Customs Technology Center, Wuhan Customs District P.R. China, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huabing Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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9
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da Costa BRB, Padilha MC, Rodrigues LML, Roiffé RR, da Silva de la Cruz MN. Analysis of Anabolic Agents in Whey Protein by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020; 13:2003-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Lee JH, Han JH, Min AY, Kim H, Shin D. Screening for twenty-eight target anabolic-androgenic steroids in protein supplements using QuEChERS extraction followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1425-1436. [PMID: 32569530 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1773543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) are very potent muscle builders, and professional sportsmen often take protein supplements to improve their performance. Several studies have emphasised that protein supplements may contain undeclared AASs banned by the International Olympic Committee/World Anti-Doping Agency. The widespread occurrence and abuse of contaminated protein supplements is extremely dangerous because of their side effects. To minimise the chances of an unattended positive doping test or to avoid serious health problems, adequate screening methods for the detection of a wide range of steroids is essential. To address this requirement, a rapid and effective modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method was developed and validated to screen and quantify the simultaneous analysis of twenty-eight AASs in protein supplements using LC-MS/MS. The validated method was applied to 198 protein supplements collected from on-line and, off-line markets, and direct purchase from overseas between 2019 and 2020. Of the 198 samples, two samples contained testosterone and stanozolol at concentrations of 0.27 μg/g and 0.023 μg/g, respectively. In addition, 5α-hydroxylaxogenin was detected for the first time in three products purchased in Korea from overseas. The modified QuEChERS method was established and successfully applied to screen and determine AASs as a measure of continuous control and supervision in protein supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Lee
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Han
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - A Young Min
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungil Kim
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Shin
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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11
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Berneira LM, da Silva CC, Passos LF, Poletti T, Dos Santos MAZ, de Pereira CMP. Analytical approaches applied to the analysis of apprehended formulations of anabolic androgenic steroids. Drug Test Anal 2020; 12:1264-1273. [PMID: 32537903 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) comprise a class of synthetic androgens resulting from chemical modifications of testosterone, known for their illicit consumption, which can result inextensive side effects. Extraction procedures applied to the analysis of their formulations are still limited to a few methodologies, despite the increasing numbers of confiscations of AASs. In this sense, the aims of this work were to evaluate the extraction of active ingredients from formulations of anabolic agents using solid-liquid or liquid-iquid, ultrasonic bath, ultrasonicprobe, and microwave-assisted extraction. The results indicated that the extraction procedures influenced the detected concentration of AASs, as the use of ultrasonic probe and microwave irradiation increased the overall extraction of anabolic agents compared with solid-liquid, liquid-liquid, and ultrasonic bath. Regarding oxymetholone, for instance, the microwave-assisted extraction and ultrasonic probe extracted, respectively, 37.46 ± 1.36 and 35.69 ± 0.98 mg/tablet, while solid-liquid extracted 29.63 ± 0.40 mg/tablet of the activeingredient. Therefore, alternative methods such as microwave-assisted extraction or theultrasonic probe could be used for the analysis of formulations of AASs assisting with the identification of illicit and toxic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Berneira
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Lipidomic and Bio-Organic Laboratory, Bioforensic Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline C da Silva
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Lipidomic and Bio-Organic Laboratory, Bioforensic Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luan F Passos
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Lipidomic and Bio-Organic Laboratory, Bioforensic Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tais Poletti
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Lipidomic and Bio-Organic Laboratory, Bioforensic Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco A Z Dos Santos
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Lipidomic and Bio-Organic Laboratory, Bioforensic Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudio M P de Pereira
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Lipidomic and Bio-Organic Laboratory, Bioforensic Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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12
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Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in controlled substances from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Comparin
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
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13
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Wang M, Peng B, Zhao N, Xiong Z, Wang Y, Zhao L. Multiresidue analysis of tetracycline and β-receptor agonists in chicken by pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Comparison with QuEChERS extraction method and ultrasound assisted extraction. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Wang M, Wang Y, Peng B, Zhao N, Zhao J, Xiong Z, Zhao L. Multi-class determination of steroid hormones and antibiotics in fatty hotpot ingredients by pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 171:193-203. [PMID: 31009874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to the misuse of hormones and antibiotics resulting in drug residues in meat products, serious concerns have arisen regarding to the potential risks for human health. In this paper, a simple and efficient method was developed to simultaneously quantify six steroid hormones and six antibiotics in fatty foods by combining pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Adsorbents, extraction temperature, extraction time, recycle time and several other parameters were optimized in current investigation. The optimized PLE method was employed by using n-hexane-methanol-acetonitrile (2:1:1, v/v/v) as extraction solvent, silica gel as lipid sorbent, and the optimum parameters were 60 °C, 1500 psi and 10 min, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the recoveries of spiked samples ranged from 82.2% to 115.0%. The limits of quantifications (LODs) were from 0.4 to 25.0 μg/kg. The developed PLE method was successfully applied to analyze steroid hormones and antibiotics in 27 fatty foods of hotpot ingredients without any additional clean-up steps. The results showed that the residues of estradiol benzoate (EB) and enrofloxacin (EN) in some matrices were much higher than maximum residue limits (MRLs) value, especially EB in fish, which exceeded 176.7 μg/kg. The results demonstrated that the developed method was sensitive and efficient in testing hotpot ingredients, and was an excellent analytical tool for monitoring residues of steroid hormones and antibiotics in fatty foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, 110016, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, 110016, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Bin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, 110016, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Na Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, 110016, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, 110016, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Zhili Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, 110016, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, 110016, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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