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Du X, Liu J, Wang X, Chen X, Mao Z, Yu F, Wang P, Wu C, Guo H, Zhang H. Environmentally related microcystin-LR-induced ovarian dysfunction via the CCL2-CCR10 axis in mice ameliorated by dietary mulberry. Environ Pollut 2024; 349:123929. [PMID: 38582190 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a reproductive toxin produced by cyanobacteria in the aquatic environment and can be ingested by humans through drinking water and the food chain, posing a threat to human reproductive health. However, the toxic mechanisms and prospective interventions for MC-LR-induced ovarian dysfunction at environmental doses are unknown. The mulberry fruit is a traditional natural product of plant origin, with various pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, mice were exposed to MC-LR (10, 100 μg/L) in drinking water for 90 days, during which mice were gavage 600 mg/kg/week of mulberry fruit extract (MFE). It was found that MC-LR can accumulate in mouse ovaries, causing sexual hormone disturbance, inflammatory infiltration, and ovarian pathological damage. Results from RNA-seq were shown that CCL2, a chemokine associated with inflammatory response, was significantly increased in mouse ovary after MC-LR exposure. Further investigation revealed that MC-LR exposure aggravates apoptosis of granulosa cells via the CCL2-CCR10 axis-mediated Jak/Stat pathway. Importantly, MFE can significantly ameliorate these ovarian dysfunction phenotypes by inhibiting the activation of the CCL2-CCR10 axis. This study broadened new insights into the ovarian toxicity of MC-LR and clarified the pharmacological effects of mulberry fruit on ovarian function protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Junjie Liu
- Henan Human Sperm Bank, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Xinghai Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St Mary's University, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Fangfang Yu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Cuiping Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Hongxiang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China.
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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2
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Yang J, Zhang Z, Du X, Wang Y, Meng R, Ge K, Wu C, Liang X, Zhang H, Guo H. The effect and mechanism of combined exposure of MC-LR and NaNO 2 on liver lipid metabolism. Environ Res 2024; 252:119113. [PMID: 38729410 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) co-exist in the environment and are hepatotoxic. The liver has the function of lipid metabolism, but the impacts and mechanisms of MC-LR and NaNO2 on liver lipid metabolism are unclear. Therefore, we established a chronic exposure model of Balb/c mice and used LO2 cells for in vitro verification to investigate the effects and mechanisms of liver lipid metabolism caused by MC-LR and NaNO2. The results showed that after 6 months of exposure to MC-LR and NaNO2, the lipid droplets content was increased, and the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were raised in the liver (P < 0.05). Moreover, MC-LR and NaNO2 synergistically induced hepatic oxidative stress by decreasing total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels and increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) content levels. In addition, the levels of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1 and P-AMPK was decreased and Keap1 was increased in the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. The key factors of lipid metabolism, SREBP-1c, FASN and ACC, were up-regulated in the liver. More importantly, there was a combined effect on lipid deposition of MC-LR and NaNO2 co-exposure. In vitro experiments, MC-LR and NaNO2-induced lipid deposition and changes in lipid metabolism-related changes were mitigated after activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway by the Nrf2 activator tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). Additionally, TBHQ alleviated the rise of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LO2 cells induced by MC-LR and NaNO2. Overall, our findings indicated that MC-LR and NaNO2 can cause abnormal liver lipid metabolism, and the combined effects were observed after MC-LR and NaNO2 co-exposure. The Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway may be a potential target for prevention and control of liver toxicity caused by MC-LR and NaNO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zongxin Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongshui Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ruiyang Meng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Kangfeng Ge
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chunrui Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Hongxiang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China.
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Zhang C, Lei G, Zhao F, Chen K, Zhang C, Lu C, Luo Q, Song J, Chen K, Ye J, Yi Y. Functional trait-based phytoplankton biomass and assemblage analyses in the pre-growing season for comprehensive algal bloom risk assessment. Water Res 2024; 257:121755. [PMID: 38739979 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Algal bloom (AB) risk assessment is critical for maintaining ecosystem health and human sustainability. Previous AB risk assessments have focused on the potential occurrence of ABs and related factors in the growing season, whereas their hazards, especially in the pre-growing season, have attracted less attention. Here, we performed a comprehensive AB risk assessment, including water trophic levels, phytoplankton biomass, functional trait-based assemblages, and related environmental factors, in the pre-growing season in Dongting Lake, China. Although mesotrophic water and low phytoplankton biomass suggested low AB potential, toxic taxa, which constituted 13.28% of the phytoplankton biomass, indicated non-negligible AB hazards. NH4+ and water temperature were key factors affecting phytoplankton motility and toxicity. Our study establishes a new paradigm for quantitative AB risk assessment, including both potential AB occurrence and hazards. We emphasize the importance of phytoplankton functional traits for early AB warning and NH4+ reduction for AB control in the pre-growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangchun Lei
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanxuan Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kebing Chen
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Cai Lu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyong Luo
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianying Song
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Chen
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxu Ye
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Yi
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Tang Q, Deng L, Mao Y, Fu S, Luo W, Huang T, Hu J, Singh RP. Formation and toxicity alteration of halonitromethanes from Chlorella vulgaris during UV/chloramination process involving bromide ion. J Environ Manage 2024; 359:121034. [PMID: 38703649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Frequent algal blooms cause algal cells and their algal organic matter (AOM) to become critical precursors of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during water treatment. The presence of bromide ion (Br-) in water has been demonstrated to affect the formation laws and species distribution of DBPs. However, few researchers have addressed the formation and toxicity alteration of halonitromethanes (HNMs) from algae during disinfection in the presence of Br-. Therefore, in this work, Chlorella vulgaris was selected as a representative algal precursor to investigate the formation and toxicity alteration of HNMs during UV/chloramination involving Br-. The results showed that the formation concentration of HNMs increased and then decreased during UV/chloramination. The intracellular organic matter of Chlorella vulgaris was more susceptible to form HNMs than the extracellular organic matter. When the Br-: Cl2 mass ratio was raised from 0.004 to 0.08, the peak of HNMs total concentration increased 33.99%, and the cytotoxicity index and genotoxicity index of HNMs increased 67.94% and 22.80%. Besides, the formation concentration and toxicity of HNMs increased with increasing Chlorella vulgaris concentration but decreased with increasing solution pH. Possible formation pathways of HNMs from Chlorella vulgaris during UV/chloramination involving Br- were proposed based on the alteration of nitrogen species and fluorescence spectrum analysis. Furthermore, the formation laws of HNMs from Chlorella vulgaris in real water samples were similar to those in deionized water samples. This study contributes to a better comprehension of HNMs formation from Chlorella vulgaris and provides valuable information for water managers to reduce hazards associated with the formation of HNMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Yuyang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shuang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Rajendra Prasad Singh
- Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Wang L, Shan K, Yi Y, Yang H, Zhang Y, Xie M, Zhou Q, Shang M. Employing hybrid deep learning for near-real-time forecasts of sensor-based algal parameters in a Microcystis bloom-dominated lake. Sci Total Environ 2024; 922:171009. [PMID: 38402991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (CyanoHABs) are increasingly impacting the ecosystem of lakes, reservoirs and estuaries globally. The integration of real-time monitoring and deep learning technology has opened up new horizons for early warnings of CyanoHABs. However, unlike traditional methods such as pigment quantification or microscopy counting, the high-frequency data from in-situ fluorometric sensors display unpredictable fluctuations and variability, posing a challenge for predictive models to discern underlying trends within the time-series sequence. This study introduces a hybrid framework for near-real-time CyanoHABs predictions in a cyanobacterium Microcystis-dominated lake - Lake Dianchi, China. The proposed model was validated using hourly Chlorophyll-a (Chl a) concentrations and algal cell densities. Our results demonstrate that applying decomposition-based singular spectrum analysis (SSA) significantly enhances the prediction accuracy of subsequent CyanoHABs models, particularly in the case of temporal convolutional network (TCN). Comparative experiments revealed that the SSA-TCN model outperforms other SSA-based deep learning models for predicting Chl a (R2 = 0.45-0.93, RMSE = 2.29-5.89 μg/L) and algal cell density (R2 = 0.63-0.89, RMSE = 9489.39-16,015.37 cells/mL) at one to four steps ahead predictions. The forecast of bloom intensities achieved a remarkable accuracy of 98.56 % and an average precision rate of 94.04 % ± 0.05 %. In addition, scenarios involving various input combinations of environmental factors demonstrated that water temperature emerged as the most effective driver for CyanoHABs predictions, with a mean RMSE of 2.94 ± 0.12 μg/L, MAE of 1.55 ± 0.09 μg/L, and R2 of 0.83 ± 0.01. Overall, the newly developed approach underscores the potential of a well-designed hybrid deep-learning framework for accurately predicting sensor-based algal parameters. It offers novel perspectives for managing CyanoHABs through online monitoring and artificial intelligence in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Kun Shan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Yang Yi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingjiang Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Qichao Zhou
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Mingsheng Shang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
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6
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Reignier O, Bormans M, Hervé F, Robert E, Savar V, Tanniou S, Amzil Z, Noël C, Briand E. Spatio-temporal connectivity of a toxic cyanobacterial community and its associated microbiome along a freshwater-marine continuum. Harmful Algae 2024; 134:102627. [PMID: 38705620 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Due to climate changes and eutrophication, blooms of predominantly toxic freshwater cyanobacteria are intensifying and are likely to colonize estuaries, thus impacting benthic organisms and shellfish farming representing a major ecological, health and economic risk. In the natural environment, Microcystis form large mucilaginous colonies that influence the development of both cyanobacterial and embedded bacterial communities. However, little is known about the fate of natural colonies of Microcystis by salinity increase. In this study, we monitored the fate of a Microcystis dominated bloom and its microbiome along a French freshwater-marine gradient at different phases of a bloom. We demonstrated changes in the cyanobacterial genotypic composition, in the production of specific metabolites (toxins and compatible solutes) and in the heterotrophic bacteria structure in response to the salinity increase. In particular M. aeruginosa and M. wesenbergii survived salinities up to 20. Based on microcystin gene abundance, the cyanobacteria became more toxic during their estuarine transfer but with no selection of specific microcystin variants. An increase in compatible solutes occurred along the continuum with extensive trehalose and betaine accumulations. Salinity structured most the heterotrophic bacteria community, with an increased in the richness and diversity along the continuum. A core microbiome in the mucilage-associated attached fraction was highly abundant suggesting a strong interaction between Microcystis and its microbiome and a likely protecting role of the mucilage against an osmotic shock. These results underline the need to better determine the interactions between the Microcystis colonies and their microbiome as a likely key to their widespread success and adaptation to various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myriam Bormans
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, University of Rennes 1, Rennes F-35042, France
| | - Fabienne Hervé
- IFREMER, PHYTOX, Laboratoire METALG, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Elise Robert
- IFREMER, PHYTOX, Laboratoire GENALG, Nantes F-44000, France
| | | | - Simon Tanniou
- IFREMER, PHYTOX, Laboratoire METALG, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Zouher Amzil
- IFREMER, PHYTOX, Laboratoire METALG, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Cyril Noël
- IFREMER, IRSI - Service de Bioinformatique (SeBiMER), Plouzané, France
| | - Enora Briand
- IFREMER, PHYTOX, Laboratoire GENALG, Nantes F-44000, France.
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Gu P, Wang Y, Zhang K, Wu H, Zhang W, Ding Y, Yang K, Zhang Z, Ren X, Miao H, Zheng Z. Cyanobacterial blooms control with CaO 2 in different stages: Inhibition efficiency, water quality optimization and microbial community changes. Chemosphere 2024; 353:141655. [PMID: 38460851 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the feasibility of calcium peroxide (CaO2) to inhibit cyanobacterial blooms of the outbreak and dormancy stages. Our previous studies have found that CaO2 has a high inhibitory effect on cyanobacteria. In order to explore the application effect of CaO2 in actual cyanobacteria lake water, we conducted this study to clarify the effect of CaO2 on inhibiting cyanobacteria in outbreak and dormancy stages. The results showed that CaO2 inhibited the growth of cyanobacteria in the outbreak and dormancy stages by 98.7% and 97.6%, respectively. The main inhibitory mechanism is: (1) destroy the cell structure and make the cells undergo programmed cell death by stimulating the oxidation balance of cyanobacteria cells; (2) EPS released by cyanobacteria resist stimulation and combine calcium to form colonies, and accelerate cell settlement. In addition to causing direct damage to cyanobacteria, CaO2 can also improve water quality and sediment microbial diversity, and reduce the release of sediment to phosphorus, so as to further contribute to cyanobacterial inhibition. Finally, the results of qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the promoting effect of CaO2 on the downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes (rbcL and psaB), microcystn (mcyA and mcyD) and peroxiredoxin (prx), and verified the mechanism of CaO2 inhibition of cyanobacteria. In conclusion, this study provides new findings for the future suppression of cyanobacterial bloom, by combining water quality, cyanobacterial inhibition mechanisms, and sediment microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gu
- School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.
| | - Yuting Wang
- School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.
| | - Kenian Zhang
- School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.
| | - Hanqi Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
| | - Wanqing Zhang
- School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.
| | - Yi Ding
- School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.
| | - Kunlun Yang
- School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.
| | - Zengshuai Zhang
- School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.
| | - Xueli Ren
- School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.
| | - Hengfeng Miao
- School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
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Guo Z, He H, Yang G, Liu K, Xi Y, Li Z, Luo Y, Liao Z, Dao G, Ren X, Huang B, Pan X. The environmental risks of antiviral drug arbidol in eutrophic lake: Interactions with Microcystis aeruginosa. J Hazard Mater 2024; 466:133609. [PMID: 38310846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The environmental risks resulting from the increasing antivirals in water are largely unknown, especially in eutrophic lakes, where the complex interactions between algae and drugs would alter hazards. Herein, the environmental risks of the antiviral drug arbidol towards the growth and metabolism of Microcystis aeruginosa were comprehensively investigated, as well as its biotransformation mechanism by algae. The results indicated that arbidol was toxic to Microcystis aeruginosa within 48 h, which decreased the cell density, chlorophyll-a, and ATP content. The activation of oxidative stress increased the levels of reactive oxygen species, which caused lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. Additionally, the synthesis and release of microcystins were promoted by arbidol. Fortunately, arbidol can be effectively removed by Microcystis aeruginosa mainly through biodegradation (50.5% at 48 h for 1.0 mg/L arbidol), whereas the roles of bioadsorption and bioaccumulation were limited. The biodegradation of arbidol was dominated by algal intracellular P450 enzymes via loss of thiophenol and oxidation, and a higher arbidol concentration facilitated the degradation rate. Interestingly, the toxicity of arbidol was reduced after algal biodegradation, and most of the degradation products exhibited lower toxicity than arbidol. This study revealed the environmental risks and transformation behavior of arbidol in algal bloom waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Guo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Gui Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Kunqian Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yanting Xi
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zihui Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhicheng Liao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guohua Dao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Wang Y, Qian L, Yang D, Gong Y, Yuan C, Hu Y, Gu H, Sun P, Wang S. Integration of hydrothermal liquefaction of Cyanophyta and supercritical water oxidation of its aqueous phase products: Biocrude production and nutrient removal. Sci Total Environ 2024; 914:169835. [PMID: 38190896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Cyanophyta has the potential to produce biocrude via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). However, aqueous phase products (APs), as by-products of HTL, pose a risk of eutrophication for the high levels of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) can efficiently convert organics into small molecules, offering a technique for the harmless treatment of APs. Effects of holding time, pressure, and moisture content on the biocrude yields from isothermal HTL (300 °C) and fast HTL (salt bath temperature of 500 °C) were comprehensively investigated. Biocrude properties were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and GC-MS. Subsequently, the APs obtained under the conditions producing the highest biocrude yield were subjected to SCWO at 550 °C with different oxidation coefficients (n) from 0 to 2. Removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and total phosphorus (TP) were further explored. The results show that the highest biocrude yields from isothermal HTL and fast HTL were 24.2 wt% (300 °C, 1800 s, 25 MPa, and 80 wt% moisture content) and 21.9 wt% (500 °C, 40 s, 25 MPa, and 80 wt% moisture content), respectively. The biocrude primarily consisted of N-containing heterocyclic compounds, amides, and acids. SCWO effectively degraded the COD and TP in APs, while the NH3-N required further degradation. At n = 2, the highest removal rates of COD, NH3-N and TP were 98.5 %, 22.6 % and 89.1 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Lili Qian
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Derui Yang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yanmeng Gong
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036, China
| | - Chuan Yuan
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yamin Hu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Heng Gu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Panpan Sun
- College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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10
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Liu H, Xing H, Xia Z, Wu T, Liu J, Li A, Bi F, Sun Y, Zhang J, He P. Mechanisms of harmful effects of Microcystis aeruginosa on a brackish water organism Moina mongolica based on physiological and transcriptomic responses. Harmful Algae 2024; 133:102588. [PMID: 38485443 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the detrimental impacts of cyanobacterial bloom, specifically Microcystis aeruginosa, on brackish water ecosystems, the study used Moina mongolica, a cladoceran species, as the test organism. In a chronic toxicology experiment, the survival and reproductive rates of M. mongolica were assessed under M. aeruginosa stress. It was observed that the survival rate of M. mongolica fed with M. aeruginosa significantly decreased with time and their reproduction rate dropped to zero, while the control group remained maintained stable and normal reproduction. To further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of the effects of M. aeruginosa on M. mongolica, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis on newly hatched M. mongolica cultured under different food conditions for 24 h. The results revealed significant expression differences in 572 genes, with 233 genes significantly up-regulated and 339 genes significantly down-regulated. Functional analysis of these differentially expressed genes identified six categories of physiological functional changes, including nutrition and metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, neuroimmunology, cuticle and molting, reproduction, and programmed cell death. Based on these findings, we outlined the basic mechanisms of microcystin toxicity. The discovery provides critical insights into the mechanisms of Microcystis toxicity on organisms and explores the response mechanisms of cladocerans under the stress of Microcystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Liu
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Hao Xing
- Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhangyi Xia
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Aiqin Li
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Fangling Bi
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Peimin He
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of River and Lake Biochain Construction and Resource Utilization, Shanghai, 201702, China.
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11
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Yang Q, Huang L, Yang N, Cui H, Zhao Y, Li Z, Tong Y. Transgenerational effects of extracts containing Microcystin-LR exposure on reproductive toxicity and offspring growth inhibition in a model organism zebrafish. Aquat Toxicol 2024; 268:106860. [PMID: 38354462 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria cell lysates release numerous toxic substances (e.g., cyanotoxins) into the water, posing a serious threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Microcystins (MCs) are among the most abundant cyanotoxins in the cell lysates, with microcystin-LR (MC-LR) being one of the most common and highly toxic congeners. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to different levels MC-LR that from extracts of Microcystis aeruginosa. Changes in the MC-LR accumulations, organ coefficients, and antioxidant enzyme activities in the zebrafish were analyzed. Transgenerational reproductive toxicity of MC-LR in the maternal and paternal generations was further investigated, as well as the influences of extracts containing MC-LR exposures of the F1 on the growth of zebrafish. The study found that high levels of MC-LR could be detected in the major organs of adult zebrafish, particularly in spleen. Notably, concentration of MC-LR in the spermary was significantly higher than that in the ovarium. MC-LR could induce oxidative damage by affecting the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Inherited from F0, MC-LR led to impaired development in the F1 generation. Difference in offspring survival rates could be observed in the groups with different MC-LR levels of maternal and paternal exposures. This study reveals transgenerational effects of MC-LR on the reproductive toxicity and offspring growth inhibition to the aquatic organisms, which should be emphasized in the future ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Lanlan Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Hongyang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zipeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China.
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12
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Wei Q, Xu Y, Ruan A. Spatial and temporal patterns of phytoplankton community succession and characteristics of realized niches in Lake Taihu, China. Environ Res 2024; 243:117896. [PMID: 38081348 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics and succession of phytoplankton in large lakes can help inform future lake management. The study analyzed phytoplankton community variations in Lake Taihu over a 21-year period, focusing on realized niches and their impact on succession. The study developed a niche periodic table with 32 niches, revealing responses to environmental factors and the optimal number of niches. Results showed that the phytoplankton in Lake Taihu showed significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity, with biomass decreasing as one moved from the northwest to the southeast and expanding towards central lake area, and towards autumn and winter. Different phytoplankton groups in Lake Taihu occupied realized niches shaped by temperature, nitrate, and phosphate. To predict the response of eutrophic freshwater lake ecosystems to human activities and climate change, it is critical to interpret the law of phytoplankton bloom and niche succession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wei
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yaofei Xu
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Aidong Ruan
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
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13
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Ge J, Jin P, Xie S, Beardall J, Feng Y, Guo C, Ma Z, Gao G. Micro- and nanoplastics interact with conventional pollutants on microalgae: Synthesis through meta-analysis. Environ Pollut 2024; 342:123127. [PMID: 38072023 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) have been found to occur intensively in aquatic environments, along with other conventional pollutants (Po) such as heavy metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, etc. However, our understanding of how MNPs and Po interact on aquatic primary producers is fragmented. We performed a quantitative meta-analysis based on 933 published experimental assessments from 44 studies to examine the coupled effects of MNPs and Po on microalgae. Although the results based on interaction type frequency (the proportion of each interaction type in all results) revealed dominantly additive interactions (56%) for overall physiological performance, an overall antagonistic effect was observed based on the mean interaction effect sizes. A higher proportion of antagonistic interaction type frequency was found in marine species compared to fresh species. The antagonistic effects were particularly significant for growth, oxidative responses, and photosynthesis, which could be attributed to the adsorption effect of MNPs on Po and thus the decreasing concentrations of pollutants in the medium. Larger-sized, negatively charged or uncharged and aged MNPs had higher proportions of antagonistic effects compared to smaller-sized, positively charged and virgin MNPs, due to their stronger adsorption capacity to Po. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the interactive effects of MNPs and Po on microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingke Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - John Beardall
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VI 3800, Australia
| | - Yuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Can Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zengling Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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14
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Zhou XR, Wang R, Tang CC, Varrone C, He ZW, Li ZH, Wang XC. Advances, challenges, and prospects in microalgal-bacterial symbiosis system treating heavy metal wastewater. Chemosphere 2023; 345:140448. [PMID: 37839742 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) pollution, particularly in its ionic form in water bodies, is a chronic issue threatening environmental security and human health. The microalgal-bacterial symbiosis (MABS) system, as the basis of water ecosystems, has the potential to treat HM wastewater in a sustainable manner, with the advantages of environmental friendliness and carbon sequestration. However, the differences between laboratory studies and engineering practices, including the complexity of pollutant compositions and extreme environmental conditions, limit the applications of the MABS system. Additionally, the biomass from the MABS system containing HMs requires further disposal or recycling. This review summarized the recent advances of the MABS system treating HM wastewater, including key mechanisms, influence factors related to HM removal, and the tolerance threshold values of the MABS system to HM toxicity. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of the MABS system in treating actual HM wastewater are analyzed and discussed, and suggestions for biochar preparation from the MABS biomass containing HMs are provided. This review provides a reference point for the MABS system treating HM wastewater and the corresponding challenges faced by future engineering practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Rui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Cong-Cong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Cristiano Varrone
- Department of Chemistry and BioScience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H 9220, Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Zhang-Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an, 710055, China
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15
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Feng G, Liu J, Li H, Liu JS, Duan Z, Wu L, Gao Y, Meng XZ. Insights from colony formation: The necessity to consider morphotype when assessing the effect of antibiotics on cyanobacteria. Water Res 2023; 246:120704. [PMID: 37827036 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Colonial cyanobacteria have been identified as the primary contributor to the global occurrence of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs), which are further intensified by the presence of "pseudo-persistent" antibiotics. Nevertheless, the impact of antibiotics on the growth and size of colonial cyanobacteria remains unclear. In this study, the response of cyanobacterium Microcystis to varying doses of antibiotics was assessed (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 10, and 50 μg L-1) by comparing the unicellular and colonial morphotypes. Interestingly, the morphological structure of cyanobacteria plays a significant role in their reaction to antibiotics. In comparison to the unicellular morphotype, the colonial morphotype exhibited a greater promotion in growth rate (11 %-22 %) to low doses of antibiotics and was less inhibited (-121 %--62 %) under high doses. Furthermore, antibiotics may affect the size of cyanobacterial colonies by disrupting the secretion of algal organic matter, which also exhibited a two-phase pattern. This work sheds light on the significance of methodology research involving both unicellular and colonial cyanobacteria. Future research and lake management should prioritize studying the morphological traits of cyanobacteria under different levels of antibiotic exposure. This approach may lead to novel strategies for predicting cyanoHABs under antibiotic pollution more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianbin Liu
- Shanghai Qingpu District Environmental Monitoring Station, 15 Xidayinggang Road, Shanghai 201799, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Beijing ENFI Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., 12 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jin-Song Liu
- College of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, 572 South Yuexiu Road, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhipeng Duan
- College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunze Gao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiang-Zhou Meng
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, 1994 Linggongtang Road, Jiaxing 314051, Zhejiang Province, China.
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