1
|
Lee SJ, Kim S, Jo DH, Cho CS, Kim SR, Kang D, Chae J, Yoo DK, Ha S, Chung J, Kim JH. Specific ablation of PDGFRβ-overexpressing pericytes with antibody-drug conjugate potently inhibits pathologic ocular neovascularization in mouse models. Commun Med (Lond) 2021; 1:58. [PMID: 35602228 PMCID: PMC9053257 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-021-00059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crosstalk between pericytes and endothelial cells is critical for ocular neovascularization. Endothelial cells secrete platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and recruit PDGF receptor β (PDGFRβ)-overexpressing pericytes, which in turn cover and stabilize neovessels, independent of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Therapeutic agents inhibiting PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signaling were tested in clinical trials but failed to provide additional benefits over anti-VEGF agents. We tested whether an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) - an engineered monoclonal antibody linked to a cytotoxic agent - could selectively ablate pericytes and suppress retinal and choroidal neovascularization. METHODS Immunoblotting, flow cytometry, cell viability test, and confocal microscopy were conducted to assess the internalization and cytotoxic effect of ADC targeting mPDGFRβ in an in vitro setting. Immunofluorescence staining of whole-mount retinas and retinal pigment epithelium-choroid-scleral complexes, electroretinography, and OptoMotry test were used to evaluate the effect and safety of ADC targeting mPDGFRβ in the mouse models of pathologic ocular neovascularization. RESULTS ADC targeting mPDGFRβ is effectively internalized into mouse brain vascular pericytes and showed significant cytotoxicity compared with the control ADC. We also show that specific ablation of PDGFRβ-overexpressing pericytes using an ADC potently inhibits pathologic ocular neovascularization in mouse models of oxygen-induced retinopathy and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization, while not provoking generalized retinal toxicity. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that removing PDGFRβ-expressing pericytes by an ADC targeting PDGFRβ could be a potential therapeutic strategy for pathologic ocular neovascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jae Lee
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XFight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Present Address: Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Present Address: Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Dong Hyun Jo
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Sik Cho
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XFight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ree Kim
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Department of Life Science, Fluorescence Core Imaging Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Kang
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Department of Life Science, Fluorescence Core Imaging Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Chae
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck Kyun Yoo
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Ha
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Advanced Biomedical Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim HI, Kim J, Kim H, Lee H, Yoon YS, Hwang SW, Park SH, Yang DH, Ye BD, Byeon JS, Yang SK, Kim SY, Myung SJ. Biomolecular imaging of colorectal tumor lesions using a FITC-labeled scFv-Cκ fragment antibody. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17155. [PMID: 34433835 PMCID: PMC8387423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For the sensitive diagnosis of colorectal cancer lesions, advanced molecular imaging techniques using cancer-specific targets have emerged. However, issues regarding the clearance of unbound probes and immunogenicity remain unresolved. To overcome these limitations, we developed a small-sized scFv antibody fragment conjugated with FITC for the real-time detection of colorectal cancer by in vivo molecular endoscopy imaging. A small-sized scFv fragment can target colon cancer secreted protein-2 (CCSP-2), highly expressed in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues; moreover, its full-length IgG probe has been used for molecular imaging previously. To assess the efficacy of anti-CCSP-2 scFv-FITC, surgical specimens were obtained from 21 patients with colorectal cancer for ex vivo molecular fluorescence analysis, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Orthotopic mice were administered with anti-CCSP-2 scFv-FITC topically and intravenously, and distinct tumor lesions were observed by real-time fluorescence colonoscopy. The fluorescence imaging of human colon cancer specimens allowed the differentiation of malignant tissues from non-malignant tissues (p < 0.05), and the CCSP-2 expression level was found to be correlated with the fluorescence intensity. Here, we demonstrated the feasibility and safety of anti-CCSP-2 scFv-FITC for molecular imaging as well as its potential in real-time fluorescence colonoscopy for the differential diagnosis of tumor lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Il Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeon Kim
- Edisbiotech, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyori Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Lee
- Edisbiotech, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sik Yoon
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wook Hwang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyoung Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sik Byeon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Edisbiotech, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea. .,Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yao HP, Zhao H, Hudson R, Tong XM, Wang MH. Duocarmycin-based antibody-drug conjugates as an emerging biotherapeutic entity for targeted cancer therapy: Pharmaceutical strategy and clinical progress. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1857-1874. [PMID: 34224904 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Duocarmycins are a class of DNA minor-groove-binding alkylating molecules. For the past decade, various duocarmycin analogues have been used as payloads in the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Currently, more than 15 duocarmycin-based ADCs have been studied preclinically, and some of them such as SYD985 have been granted Fast-Track Designation status. Nevertheless, progress in duocarmycin-based ADCs also faces challenges, with setbacks including the termination of BMS-936561/MDX-1203. In this review, we discuss issues associated with the efficacy, pharmacokinetic profile, and toxicological activity of these biotherapeutics. Furthermore, we summarize the latest advances in duocarmycin-based ADCs that have different target specificities and linker chemistries. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies has indicated that duocarmycin-based ADCs are promising biotherapeutics for oncological application in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hui Zhao
- Office of Scientific Research, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Rachel Hudson
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Xiang-Min Tong
- Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ming-Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Biology Research Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim S, Heo S, Brzostowski J, Kang D. Endosomal mTORC2 Is Required for Phosphoinositide-Dependent AKT Activation in Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Stimulated Glioma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2405. [PMID: 34065746 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The full activation of AKT, which is necessary for cell physiological changes, is achieved through the phosphorylation of Thr308 and Ser473 in human AKT. Here, we have addressed how AKT activation at early endosomes occurs during growth factor stimulation and how mTORC2 is recruited into endosomes and associated with AKT. The explanation comes from the discovery of three important events: (1) the physical association of mSIN and Rictor, critical components for mTORC2 assembly and activity, with early endosomes; (2) the control of the recruitment of mSIN to endosomes by PtdIns(3,4)P2; and (3) the PtdIns(3,4)P2-mediated endosomal AKT activation through phosphorylation at Ser473 to control a subset of AKT substrates. Abstract The serine/threonine kinase AKT is a major effector during phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-driven cell signal transduction in response to extracellular stimuli. AKT activation mechanisms have been extensively studied; however, the mechanism underlying target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) phosphorylation of AKT at Ser473 in the cellular endomembrane system remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that endocytosis is required for AKT activation through phosphorylation at Ser473 via mTORC2 using platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated U87MG glioma cells. mTORC2 components are localized to early endosomes during growth factor activation, and the association of mTORC2 with early endosomes is responsible for the local activation of AKT, which is critical for specific signal transduction through glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and forkhead box O1/O3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, endosomal phosphoinositide, represented by PtdIns(3,4)P2, provides a binding platform for mTORC2 to phosphorylate AKT Ser473 in endosomes through mammalian Sty1/Spc1-interacting protein (mSIN), a pleckstrin homology domain-containing protein, and is dispensable for AKT phosphorylation at Thr308. This PtdIns(3,4)P2-mediated endosomal AKT activation provides a means to integrate PI3K activated by diverse stimuli to mTORC2 assembly. These early endosomal events induced by endocytosis, together with the previously identified AKT activation by PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, contribute to the strengthening of the transduction of AKT signaling through phosphoinositide.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chang S, Kim S, Han J, Ha S, Lee H, Song SW, Lee D, Kwon S, Chung J, Kim J. A High-Throughput Single-Clone Phage Fluorescence Microwell Immunoassay and Laser-Driven Clonal Retrieval System. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E517. [PMID: 32235304 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage display is one of the most frequently used platform technologies utilized to screen and select therapeutic antibodies, and has contributed to the development of more than 10 therapeutic antibodies used in the clinic. Despite advantages like efficiency and low cost, it has intrinsic technical limitations, such as the asymmetrical amplification of the library after each round of biopanning, which is regarded as a reason for it yielding a very limited number of antigen binders. In this study, we developed a high-throughput single-clonal screening system comprised of fluorescence immunoassays and a laser-driven clonal DNA retrieval system using microchip technology. Using this system, from a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) library displayed on phages with a complexity of 5.21 × 105 harboring random mutations at five amino acid residues, more than 70,000 clones—corresponding to ~14% of the library complexity—were screened, resulting in 78 antigen-reactive scFv sequences with mutations restricted to the randomized residues. Our results demonstrate that this system can significantly reduce the number of biopanning rounds, or even eliminate the need for this process for libraries with lower complexity, providing an opportunity to obtain more diverse clones from the library.
Collapse
|
6
|
Nie S, Wang Z, Moscoso-Castro M, D'Souza P, Lei C, Xu J, Gu J. Biology drives the discovery of bispecific antibodies as innovative therapeutics. Antib Ther 2020; 3:18-62. [PMID: 33928225 PMCID: PMC7990219 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A bispecific antibody (bsAb) is able to bind two different targets or two distinct epitopes on the same target. Broadly speaking, bsAbs can include any single molecule entity containing dual specificities with at least one being antigen-binding antibody domain. Besides additive effect or synergistic effect, the most fascinating applications of bsAbs are to enable novel and often therapeutically important concepts otherwise impossible by using monoclonal antibodies alone or their combination. This so-called obligate bsAbs could open up completely new avenue for developing novel therapeutics. With evolving understanding of structural architecture of various natural or engineered antigen-binding immunoglobulin domains and the connection of different domains of an immunoglobulin molecule, and with greatly improved understanding of molecular mechanisms of many biological processes, the landscape of therapeutic bsAbs has significantly changed in recent years. As of September 2019, over 110 bsAbs are under active clinical development, and near 180 in preclinical development. In this review article, we introduce a system that classifies bsAb formats into 30 categories based on their antigen-binding domains and the presence or absence of Fc domain. We further review the biology applications of approximately 290 bsAbs currently in preclinical and clinical development, with the attempt to illustrate the principle of selecting a bispecific format to meet biology needs and selecting a bispecific molecule as a clinical development candidate by 6 critical criteria. Given the novel mechanisms of many bsAbs, the potential unknown safety risk and risk/benefit should be evaluated carefully during preclinical and clinical development stages. Nevertheless we are optimistic that next decade will witness clinical success of bsAbs or multispecific antibodies employing some novel mechanisms of action and deliver the promise as next wave of antibody-based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Nie
- WuXi Biologics, 299 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China and ,To whom correspondence should addressed. Jijie Guor Siwei Nie. or
| | - Zhuozhi Wang
- WuXi Biologics, 299 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China and
| | | | - Paul D'Souza
- Clarivate Analytics, Friars House, 160 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8EZ, UK
| | - Can Lei
- Clarivate Analytics, Friars House, 160 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8EZ, UK
| | - Jianqing Xu
- WuXi Biologics, 299 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China and
| | - Jijie Gu
- WuXi Biologics, 299 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China and ,To whom correspondence should addressed. Jijie Guor Siwei Nie. or
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Amani N, Dorkoosh FA, Mobedi H. ADCs, as Novel Revolutionary Weapons for Providing a Step Forward in Targeted Therapy of Malignancies. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 17:23-51. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666191121145109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), as potent pharmaceutical trojan horses for cancer treatment, provide superior efficacy and specific targeting along with low risk of adverse reactions compared to traditional chemotherapeutics. In fact, the development of these agents combines the selective targeting capability of monoclonal antibody (mAb) with high cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutics for controlling the neoplastic mass growth. Different ADCs (more than 60 ADCs) in preclinical and clinical trials were introduced in this novel pharmaceutical field. Various design-based factors must be taken into account for improving the functionality of ADC technology, including selection of appropriate target antigen and high binding affinity of fragment (miniaturized ADCs) or full mAbs (preferentially use of humanized or fully human antibodies compared to murine and chimeric ones), use of bispecific antibodies for dual targeting effect, linker engineering and conjugation method efficacy to obtain more controlled drug to antibody ratio (DAR). Challenging issues affecting therapeutic efficacy and safety of ADCs, including bystander effect, on- and off-target toxicities, multi drug resistance (MDR) are also addressed. 4 FDA-approved ADCs in the market, including ADCETRIS ®, MYLOTARG®, BESPONSA ®, KADCYLA®. The goal of the current review is to evaluate the key parameters affecting ADCs development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nooshafarin Amani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Abedin Dorkoosh
- Medical Biomaterial Research Center (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Mobedi
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|