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Wu C, Sun M, Qile M, Zhang Y, Liu L, Cheng X, Dai X, Gross ER, Zhang Y, He S. Lysophosphatidic acid contributes to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating TRPV1 in spinal cord. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:329-348. [PMID: 38236300 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid that plays a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases. Here, we question whether LPA contributes to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by acting on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in spinal cord. By ligating the left coronary artery to establish an in vivo I/R mouse model, we observed a 1.57-fold increase in LPA level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The I/R-elevated CSF LPA levels were reduced by HA130, an LPA synthesis inhibitor, compared to vehicle treatment (4.74 ± 0.34 vs. 6.46 ± 0.94 μg/mL, p = 0.0014). Myocardial infarct size was reduced by HA130 treatment compared to the vehicle group (26 ± 8% vs. 46 ± 8%, p = 0.0001). To block the interaction of LPA with TRPV1 at the K710 site, we generated a K710N knock-in mouse model. The TRPV1K710N mice were resistant to LPA-induced myocardial injury, showing a smaller infarct size relative to TRPV1WT mice (28 ± 4% vs. 60 ± 7%, p < 0.0001). Additionally, a sequence-specific TRPV1 peptide targeting the K710 region produced similar protective effects against LPA-induced myocardial injury. Blocking the K710 region through K710N mutation or TRPV1 peptide resulted in reduced neuropeptides release and decreased activity of cardiac sensory neurons, leading to a decrease in cardiac norepinephrine concentration and the restoration of intramyocardial pro-survival signaling, namely protein kinase B/extracellular regulated kinase/glycogen synthase kinase-3β pathway. These findings suggest that the elevation of CSF LPA is strongly associated with myocardial I/R injury. Moreover, inhibiting the interaction of LPA with TRPV1 by blocking the K710 region uncovers a novel strategy for preventing myocardial ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Muge Qile
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xueying Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Eric R Gross
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Shufang He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Chaudhary R, Suhan T, Tarhuni MW, Abdel-Latif A. Lysophosphatidic Acid-Mediated Inflammation at the Heart of Heart Failure. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024; 26:113-120. [PMID: 38340272 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The primary aim of this review is to provide an in-depth examination of the role bioactive lipids-namely lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and ceramides-play in inflammation-mediated cardiac remodeling during heart failure. With the global prevalence of heart failure on the rise, it is critical to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to its pathogenesis. Traditional studies have emphasized factors such as oxidative stress and neurohormonal activation, but emerging research has shed light on bioactive lipids as central mediators in heart failure pathology. By elucidating these intricacies, this review aims to: Bridge the gap between basic research and clinical practice by highlighting clinically relevant pathways contributing to the pathogenesis and prognosis of heart failure. Provide a foundation for the development of targeted therapies that could mitigate the effects of LPA and ceramides on heart failure. Serve as a comprehensive resource for clinicians and researchers interested in the molecular biology of heart failure, aiding in better diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings have shed light on the central role of bioactive lipids, specifically lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and ceramides, in heart failure pathology. Traditional studies have emphasized factors such as hypoxia-mediated cardiomyocyte loss and neurohormonal activation in the development of heart failure. Emerging research has elucidated the intricacies of bioactive lipid-mediated inflammation in cardiac remodeling and the development of heart failure. Studies have shown that LPA and ceramides contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure by promoting inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis in cardiac cells. Additionally, recent studies have identified potential targeted therapies that could mitigate the effects of bioactive lipids on heart failure, including LPA receptor antagonists and ceramide synthase inhibitors. These recent findings provide a promising avenue for the development of targeted therapies that could improve the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure. In this review, we highlight the pivotal role of inflammation induced by bioactive lipid signaling and its influence on the pathogenesis of heart failure. By critically assessing the existing literature, we provide a comprehensive resource for clinicians and researchers interested in the molecular mechanisms of heart failure. Our review aims to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical practice by providing actionable insights and a foundation for the development of targeted therapies that could mitigate the effects of bioactive lipids on heart failure. We hope that this review will aid in better diagnostic and therapeutic decisions, further advancing our collective understanding and management of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Chaudhary
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, 2215 Fuller Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Tahra Suhan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, 2215 Fuller Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Mahmud W Tarhuni
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
- Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, 2215 Fuller Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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Zhang K, Zhang MX, Meng XX, Zhu J, Wang JJ, He YF, Li YH, Zhao SC, Shi ZM, Zheng LN, Han T, Hong W. Targeting GPR65 alleviates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis by suppressing the JNK and NF-κB pathways. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:56. [PMID: 38001521 PMCID: PMC10675918 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are recognized as attractive targets for drug therapy. However, it remains poorly understood how GPCRs, except for a few chemokine receptors, regulate the progression of liver fibrosis. Here, we aimed to reveal the role of GPR65, a proton-sensing receptor, in liver fibrosis and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS The expression level of GPR65 was evaluated in both human and mouse fibrotic livers. Furthermore, Gpr65-deficient mice were treated with either bile duct ligation (BDL) for 21 d or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 8 weeks to investigate the role of GPR65 in liver fibrosis. A combination of experimental approaches, including Western blotting, quantitative real-time reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), confocal microscopy and rescue studies, were used to explore the underlying mechanisms of GPR65's action in liver fibrosis. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of GPR65 inhibitor in the development of liver fibrosis was investigated. RESULTS We found that hepatic macrophages (HMs)-enriched GPR65 was upregulated in both human and mouse fibrotic livers. Moreover, knockout of Gpr65 significantly alleviated BDL- and CCl4-induced liver inflammation, injury and fibrosis in vivo, and mouse bone marrow transplantation (BMT) experiments further demonstrated that the protective effect of Gpr65 knockout is primarily mediated by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). Additionally, in vitro data demonstrated that Gpr65 silencing and GPR65 antagonist inhibited, while GPR65 overexpression and application of GPR65 endogenous and exogenous agonists enhanced the expression and release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), all of which subsequently promoted the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the damage of hepatocytes (HCs). Mechanistically, GPR65 overexpression, the acidic pH and GPR65 exogenous agonist induced up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-6 via the Gαq-Ca2+-JNK/NF-κB pathways, while promoted the expression of TGF-β through the Gαq-Ca2+-MLK3-MKK7-JNK pathway. Notably, pharmacological GPR65 inhibition retarded the development of inflammation, HCs injury and fibrosis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS GPR65 is a major regulator that modulates the progression of liver fibrosis. Thus, targeting GPR65 could be an effective therapeutic strategy for the prevention of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Meng-Xia Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Meng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jia-Jun Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yi-Fan He
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ye-Hua Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Si-Cong Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhe-Min Shi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Li-Na Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Union Medical Center affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, 300000, China.
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Wu C, Weis SM, Cheresh DA. Upregulation of fibronectin and its integrin receptors - an adaptation to isolation stress that facilitates tumor initiation. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261483. [PMID: 37870164 PMCID: PMC10652044 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor initiation at either primary or metastatic sites is an inefficient process in which tumor cells must fulfill a series of conditions. One critical condition involves the ability of individual tumor-initiating cells to overcome 'isolation stress', enabling them to survive within harsh isolating microenvironments that can feature nutrient stress, hypoxia, oxidative stress and the absence of a proper extracellular matrix (ECM). In response to isolation stress, tumor cells can exploit various adaptive strategies to develop stress tolerance and gain stemness features. In this Opinion, we discuss how strategies such as the induction of certain cell surface receptors and deposition of ECM proteins enable tumor cells to endure isolation stress, thereby gaining tumor-initiating potential. As examples, we highlight recent findings from our group demonstrating how exposure of tumor cells to isolation stress upregulates the G-protein-coupled receptor lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4 (LPAR4), its downstream target fibronectin and two fibronectin-binding integrins, α5β1 and αvβ3. These responses create a fibronectin-rich niche for tumor cells, ultimately driving stress tolerance, cancer stemness and tumor initiation. We suggest that approaches to prevent cancer cells from adapting to stress by suppressing LPAR4 induction, blocking its downstream signaling or disrupting fibronectin-integrin interactions hold promise as potential strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sara M. Weis
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David A. Cheresh
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Lee JW, Lee CS, Son H, Lee J, Kang M, Chai J, Cho HJ, Kim HS. SOX17-mediated LPAR4 expression plays a pivotal role in cardiac development and regeneration after myocardial infarction. Exp Mol Med 2023:10.1038/s12276-023-01025-w. [PMID: 37394586 PMCID: PMC10394006 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4 (LPAR4) exhibits transient expression at the cardiac progenitor stage during pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived cardiac differentiation. Using RNA sequencing, promoter analyses, and a loss-of-function study in human PSCs, we discovered that SRY-box transcription factor 17 (SOX17) is an essential upstream factor of LPAR4 during cardiac differentiation. We conducted mouse embryo analyses to further verify our human PSC in vitro findings and confirmed the transient and sequential expression of SOX17 and LPAR4 during in vivo cardiac development. In an adult bone marrow transplantation model using LPAR4 promoter-driven GFP cells, we observed two LPAR4+ cell types in the heart following myocardial infarction (MI). Cardiac differentiation potential was shown in heart-resident LPAR4+ cells, which are SOX17+, but not bone marrow-derived infiltrated LPAR4+ cells. Furthermore, we tested various strategies to enhance cardiac repair through the regulation of downstream signals of LPAR4. During the early stages following MI, the downstream inhibition of LPAR4 by a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) blocker improved cardiac function and reduced fibrotic scarring compared to that observed following LPAR4 stimulation. These findings improve our understanding of heart development and suggest novel therapeutic strategies that enhance repair and regeneration after injury by modulating LPAR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Soo Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunJu Son
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjun Kang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Chai
- Program in Stem Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chen X, Zhang H, Zhou X, Wang Y, Shi W. Autotaxin promotes the degradation of the mucus layer by inhibiting autophagy in mouse colitis. Mol Immunol 2023; 160:44-54. [PMID: 37356325 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX or ENPP2) is an autocrine enzyme associated with the metabolism of various phospholipids. ATX has recently been identified as a regulatory factor in immune-related and inflammation-associated diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, but the exact mechanism is unclear. Here, we treated mice with recombinant ATX protein or an ATX inhibitor to investigate the effect of ATX on colitis in mice and the underlying mechanism. In a mouse model of colitis, ATX expression was increased, autophagy was impaired, and the mucus barrier was disrupted. Recombinant ATX protein promoted intestinal inflammation, inhibited autophagy, and disrupted the mucus barrier, while an ATX inhibitor had the opposite effect. Next, we treated mice that received ATX with an autophagy activator and an adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist. We observed that autophagy activator and AMPK agonist could repair the mucus barrier and alleviate intestinal inflammation in ATX-treated mice. In vitro, we obtained consistent results. Thus, we concluded that ATX could inhibit autophagy through the AMPK pathway, which consequently disordered the mucus barrier and aggravated intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; The State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaojiang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunwu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenjie Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Wu C, Rakhshandehroo T, Wettersten HI, Campos A, von Schalscha T, Jain S, Yu Z, Tan J, Mose E, Childers BG, Lowy AM, Weis SM, Cheresh DA. Pancreatic cancer cells upregulate LPAR4 in response to isolation stress to promote an ECM-enriched niche and support tumour initiation. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:309-322. [PMID: 36646789 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Defining drivers of tumour initiation can provide opportunities to control cancer progression. Here we report that lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4 (LPAR4) becomes transiently upregulated on pancreatic cancer cells exposed to environmental stress or chemotherapy where it promotes stress tolerance, drug resistance, self-renewal and tumour initiation. Pancreatic cancer cells gain LPAR4 expression in response to stress by downregulating a tumour suppressor, miR-139-5p. Even in the absence of exogenous lysophosphatidic acid, LPAR4-expressing tumour cells display an enrichment of extracellular matrix genes that are established drivers of cancer stemness. Mechanistically, upregulation of fibronectin via an LPAR4/AKT/CREB axis is indispensable for LPAR4-induced tumour initiation and stress tolerance. Moreover, ligation of this fibronectin-containing matrix via integrins α5β1 or αVβ3 can transfer stress tolerance to LPAR4-negative cells. Therefore, stress- or drug-induced LPAR4 enhances cell-autonomous production of a fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix, allowing cells to survive 'isolation stress' and compensate for the absence of stromal-derived factors by creating their own tumour-initiating niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Taha Rakhshandehroo
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiromi I Wettersten
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro Campos
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tami von Schalscha
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shashi Jain
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ziqi Yu
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jiali Tan
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Evangeline Mose
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Betzaira G Childers
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew M Lowy
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sara M Weis
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David A Cheresh
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Mehanna RA, Essawy MM, Barkat MA, Awaad AK, Thabet EH, Hamed HA, Elkafrawy H, Khalil NA, Sallam A, Kholief MA, Ibrahim SS, Mourad GM. Cardiac stem cells: Current knowledge and future prospects. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:1-40. [PMID: 35126826 PMCID: PMC8788183 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the field concerned with the repair and restoration of the integrity of damaged human tissues as well as whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, regenerative medicine therapies, namely stem cells, have received significant attention in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Apart from their known potential for differentiation into the various body cells, stem cells enhance the organ's intrinsic regenerative capacity by altering its environment, whether by exogenous injection or introducing their products that modulate endogenous stem cell function and fate for the sake of regeneration. Recently, research in cardiology has highlighted the evidence for the existence of cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs). The global burden of cardiovascular diseases’ morbidity and mortality has demanded an in-depth understanding of the biology of CSCs/CPCs aiming at improving the outcome for an innovative therapeutic strategy. This review will discuss the nature of each of the CSCs/CPCs, their environment, their interplay with other cells, and their metabolism. In addition, important issues are tackled concerning the potency of CSCs/CPCs in relation to their secretome for mediating the ability to influence other cells. Moreover, the review will throw the light on the clinical trials and the preclinical studies using CSCs/CPCs and combined therapy for cardiac regeneration. Finally, the novel role of nanotechnology in cardiac regeneration will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Mona A Barkat
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ashraf K Awaad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Eman H Thabet
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hamed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Hagar Elkafrawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Khalil
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sallam
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Kholief
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical toxicology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Mourad
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
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Mehanna RA, Essawy MM, Barkat MA, Awaad AK, Thabet EH, Hamed HA, Elkafrawy H, Khalil NA, Sallam A, Kholief MA, Ibrahim SS, Mourad GM. Cardiac stem cells: Current knowledge and future prospects. World J Stem Cells 2022. [PMID: 35126826 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.1]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the field concerned with the repair and restoration of the integrity of damaged human tissues as well as whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, regenerative medicine therapies, namely stem cells, have received significant attention in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Apart from their known potential for differentiation into the various body cells, stem cells enhance the organ's intrinsic regenerative capacity by altering its environment, whether by exogenous injection or introducing their products that modulate endogenous stem cell function and fate for the sake of regeneration. Recently, research in cardiology has highlighted the evidence for the existence of cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs). The global burden of cardiovascular diseases' morbidity and mortality has demanded an in-depth understanding of the biology of CSCs/CPCs aiming at improving the outcome for an innovative therapeutic strategy. This review will discuss the nature of each of the CSCs/CPCs, their environment, their interplay with other cells, and their metabolism. In addition, important issues are tackled concerning the potency of CSCs/CPCs in relation to their secretome for mediating the ability to influence other cells. Moreover, the review will throw the light on the clinical trials and the preclinical studies using CSCs/CPCs and combined therapy for cardiac regeneration. Finally, the novel role of nanotechnology in cardiac regeneration will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Mona A Barkat
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ashraf K Awaad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Eman H Thabet
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hamed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Hagar Elkafrawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Khalil
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sallam
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Kholief
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical toxicology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Mourad
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt.
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Lee CS, Cho HJ, Lee JW, Son HJ, Lee J, Kang M, Kim HS. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:332-342. [PMID: 35356977 PMCID: PMC8968580 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering cell–surface markers based on a comprehensive understanding of development is utilized to isolate a particular cell type with high purity for therapeutic purposes. Given that latrophilin-2 (Lphn2) substantially contributes to cardiac differentiation, we examined whether Lphn2 regulates functional significance in heart development and repair. We performed whole-mount immunostaining followed by clearing technique of embryo, RNA sequencing related to Lphn2-knockout (KO) embryo, and in vivo functional analyses of Lphn2+ cells using echocardiography. After immunostaining the cleared embryo sample, Lphn2 was exclusively observed in cardiac cells expressing α-sarcomeric actinin at embryonic days E9.5 and E10.5. Homozygous Lphn2-KO mice were embryonically lethal and showed underdevelopment of the ventricular myocardium. However, Lphn2 was not required to develop vessels, including endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. For the purpose of cardiac regeneration, we transplanted pluripotent stem cell (PSC)–derived Lphn2+ cells into the infarcted heart. PSC–derived Lphn2+ cells differentiated into cardiomyocytes and regenerated the myocardium when transplanted into the infarcted heart, unlike Lphn2− cells. Transplanted Lphn2+ cells improved left-ventricle systolic function and reduced infarct size. We demonstrated that Lphn2 exhibits potential as a cardiomyogenic marker to facilitate targeted stem cell therapy for heart repair in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Soo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Corresponding author: Hyun-Jai Cho, MD, Ph.D., Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea. Tel: +82 2 2072 3931; Fax: +82 2 3675 0805. E-mail: ;
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Son
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minjun Kang
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee CS, Kim J, Cho HJ, Kim HS. Cardiovascular Regeneration via Stem Cells and Direct Reprogramming: A Review. Korean Circ J 2022; 52:341-353. [PMID: 35502566 PMCID: PMC9064703 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2022.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in treatment strategies, cardiovascular disease such as heart failure remains a significant source of global mortality. Stem cell technology and cellular reprogramming are rapidly growing fields that will continue to prove useful in cardiac regenerative therapeutics. This review provides information on the role of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in cardiac regeneration and discusses the practical applications of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMCs). Moreover, we discuss the practical applications of hPSC-derived CMCs while outlining the relevance of directly-reprogrammed CMCs in regenerative medicine. This review critically summarizes the most recent advances in the field will help to guide future research in this developing area. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading causes of morbidity and death globally. In particular, a heart failure remains a major problem that contributes to global mortality. Considerable advancements have been made in conventional pharmacological therapies and coronary intervention surgery for cardiac disorder treatment. However, more than 15% of patients continuously progress to end-stage heart failure and eventually require heart transplantation. Over the past year, numerous numbers of protocols to generate cardiomyocytes (CMCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been developed and applied in clinical settings. Number of studies have described the therapeutic effects of hPSCs in animal models and revealed the underlying repair mechanisms of cardiac regeneration. In addition, biomedical engineering technologies have improved the therapeutic potential of hPSC-derived CMCs in vivo. Recently substantial progress has been made in driving the direct differentiation of somatic cells into mature CMCs, wherein an intermediate cellular reprogramming stage can be bypassed. This review provides information on the role of hPSCs in cardiac regeneration and discusses the practical applications of hPSC-derived CMCs; furthermore, it outlines the relevance of directly reprogrammed CMCs in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Soo Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonoh Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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