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Filhol O, Hesse AM, Bouin AP, Albigès-Rizo C, Jeanneret F, Battail C, Pflieger D, Cochet C. CK2β Is a Gatekeeper of Focal Adhesions Regulating Cell Spreading. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:900947. [PMID: 35847979 PMCID: PMC9280835 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.900947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CK2 is a hetero-tetrameric serine/threonine protein kinase made up of two CK2α/αʹ catalytic subunits and two CK2β regulatory subunits. The free CK2α subunit and the tetrameric holoenzyme have distinct substrate specificity profiles, suggesting that the spatiotemporal organization of the individual CK2 subunits observed in living cells is crucial in the control of the many cellular processes that are governed by this pleiotropic kinase. Indeed, previous studies reported that the unbalanced expression of CK2 subunits is sufficient to drive epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. Moreover, sub-stoichiometric expression of CK2β compared to CK2α in a subset of breast cancer tumors was correlated with the induction of EMT markers and increased epithelial cell plasticity in breast carcinoma progression. Phenotypic changes of epithelial cells are often associated with the activation of phosphotyrosine signaling. Herein, using phosphotyrosine enrichment coupled with affinity capture and proteomic analysis, we show that decreased expression of CK2β in MCF10A mammary epithelial cells triggers the phosphorylation of a number of proteins on tyrosine residues and promotes the striking activation of the FAK1-Src-PAX1 signaling pathway. Moreover, morphometric analyses also reveal that CK2β loss increases the number and the spatial distribution of focal adhesion signaling complexes that coordinate the adhesive and migratory processes. Together, our findings allow positioning CK2β as a gatekeeper for cell spreading by restraining focal adhesion formation and invasion of mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Filhol
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR Biosanté, U1292, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Marie Hesse
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR Biosanté U1292, CNRS FR 2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Pascale Bouin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Albigès-Rizo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France
| | - Florian Jeanneret
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR Biosanté, U1292, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Battail
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR Biosanté, U1292, Grenoble, France
| | - Delphine Pflieger
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR Biosanté U1292, CNRS FR 2048, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Claude Cochet, ; Delphine Pflieger,
| | - Claude Cochet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR Biosanté, U1292, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Claude Cochet, ; Delphine Pflieger,
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Kim BM, Lee DH, Choi HJ, Lee KH, Kang SJ, Joe YA, Hong YK, Hong SH. The recombinant kringle domain of urokinase plasminogen activator inhibits VEGF165-induced angiogenesis of HUVECs by suppressing VEGFR2 dimerization and subsequent signal transduction. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:259-65. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
In this review, we discuss the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), an intracellular tyrosine kinase, in endothelial cells in relation to neovascularization. Genetic and in vitro studies have identified critical factors, receptor systems, and their intracellular signaling components that regulate the neovasculogenic phenotypes of endothelial cells. Among these factors, FAK appears to regulate several aspects of endothelial cellular behavior, including migration, survival, cytoskeletal organization, as well as cell proliferation. Upon adhesion of endothelial cells to extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands, integrins cluster on the plane of plasma-membrane, while cytoplasmic domains of integrins interact with cytoskeletal proteins and signaling molecules including FAK. However, FAK not only serves as a critical component of integrin signaling, but is also a downstream element of the VEGF/VEGF-receptor and other ligand-receptor systems that regulate neovascularization. A complete understanding of FAK-mediated neovascularization, therefore, should address the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate the biology of FAK. Continued research on FAK may, therefore, yield novel therapies to improve treatment modalities for the pathological neovascularization associated with diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore K Wary
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, 835 S. Wolcott, Room E403, Mail code 868, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Shahrara S, Castro-Rueda HP, Haines GK, Koch AE. Differential expression of the FAK family kinases in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis synovial tissues. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 9:R112. [PMID: 17963503 PMCID: PMC2212559 DOI: 10.1186/ar2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family kinases, including FAK and proline-rich kinase 2 (Pyk)2, are the predominant mediators of integrin alphavbeta3 signaling events that play an important role in cell adhesion, osteoclast pathology, and angiogenesis, all processes important in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Using immunohistochemical and western blot analysis, we studied the distribution of phospho (p)FAK, pPyk2, pSrc, pPaxillin and pPLCgamma in the synovial tissue (ST) from patients with RA, osteoarthritis (OA) and normal donors (NDs) as well as in RA ST fibroblasts and peripheral blood differentiated macrophages (PB MPhis) treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) or interleukin-1beta (IL1beta). RA and OA STs showed a greater percentage of pFAK on lining cells and MPhis compared with ND ST. RA ST fibroblasts expressed pFAK at baseline, which increased with TNFalpha or IL1beta stimulation. Pyk2 and Src were phosphorylated more on RA versus OA and ND lining cells and MPhis. pPyk2 was expressed on RA ST fibrobasts but not in MPhis at baseline, however it was upregulated upon TNFalpha or IL1beta activation in both cell types. pSrc was expressed in RA ST fibroblasts and MPhis at baseline and was further increased by TNFalpha or IL1beta stimulation. pPaxillin and pPLCgamma were upregulated in RA versus OA and ND lining cells and sublining MPhis. Activation of the FAK family signaling cascade on RA and OA lining cells may be responsible for cell adhesion and migration into the diseased STs. Therapies targeting this novel signaling pathway may be beneficial in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Shahrara
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Lesslie DP, Summy JM, Parikh NU, Fan F, Trevino JG, Sawyer TK, Metcalf CA, Shakespeare WC, Hicklin DJ, Ellis LM, Gallick GE. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 mediates migration of human colorectal carcinoma cells by activation of Src family kinases. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:1710-7. [PMID: 16685275 PMCID: PMC2361330 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the predominant pro-angiogenic cytokine in human malignancy, and its expression correlates with disease recurrence and poor outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer. Recently, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) has been observed on tumours of epithelial origin, including those arising in the colon, but the molecular mechanisms governing potential VEGF-driven biologic functioning in these tumours are not well characterised. In this report, we investigated the role of Src family kinases (SFKs) in VEGF-mediated signalling in human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cell lines. Vascular endothelial growth factor specifically activated SFKs in HT29 and KM12L4 CRC cell lines. Further, VEGF stimulation resulted in enhanced cellular migration, which was effectively blocked by pharmacologic inhibition of VEGFR-1 or Src kinase. Correspondingly, migration studies using siRNA clones with reduced Src expression confirmed the requirement for Src in VEGF-induced migration in these cells. Furthermore, VEGF treatment enhanced VEGFR-1/SFK complex formation and increased tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, p130 cas and paxillin. Finally, we demonstrate that VEGF-induced migration is not due, at least in part, to VEGF acting as a mitogen. These results suggest that VEGFR-1 promotes migration of tumour cells through a Src-dependent pathway linked to activation of focal adhesion components that regulate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Lesslie
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J M Summy
- Department of Cancer Biology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N U Parikh
- Department of Cancer Biology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J G Trevino
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T K Sawyer
- Ariad Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - L M Ellis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G E Gallick
- Department of Cancer Biology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Box #173, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA. E-mail:
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Braren R, Hu H, Kim YH, Beggs HE, Reichardt LF, Wang R. Endothelial FAK is essential for vascular network stability, cell survival, and lamellipodial formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 172:151-62. [PMID: 16391003 PMCID: PMC2063542 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200506184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Morphogenesis of a vascular network requires dynamic vessel growth and regression. To investigate the cellular mechanism underlying this process, we deleted focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a key signaling mediator, in endothelial cells (ECs) using Tie2-Cre mice. Targeted FAK depletion occurred efficiently early in development, where mutants exhibited a distinctive and irregular vasculature, resulting in hemorrhage and lethality between embryonic day (e) 10.5 and 11.5. Capillaries and intercapillary spaces in yolk sacs were dilated before any other detectable abnormalities at e9.5, and explants demonstrate that the defects resulted from the loss of FAK and not from organ failure. Time-lapse microscopy monitoring EC behavior during vascular formation in explants revealed no apparent decrease in proliferation or migration but revealed increases in cell retraction and death leading to reduced vessel growth and increased vessel regression. Consistent with this phenotype, ECs derived from mutant embryos exhibited aberrant lamellipodial extensions, altered actin cytoskeleton, and nonpolarized cell movement. This study reveals that FAK is crucial for vascular morphogenesis and the regulation of EC survival and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickmer Braren
- The Pacific Vascular Research Laboratory, Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Abstract
N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) has been reported to have anticancer properties such as counteractions against mutagens and prevention of tumor progression by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, here we report that NAC can enhance the anchorage-independent growth of cells transformed by activated ABL tyrosine kinases or Ras. This effect was not dependent on loss of focal adhesion kinase activation. NAC rescued cell growth that was suppressed by heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 inhibitors possibly by chemical modification of their quinone moiety. NAC rendered Rat1/BCR-ABL cells resistance to a Ras inhibitor manumycin in soft agar colony formation. In the absence of Hsp90 inhibitors, NAC stimulated the activation of MAP kinase in BCR-ABL-transformed but not in the parental Rat1 cells. We propose that NAC should be used carefully in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- QiGuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most severe of several ocular complications of diabetes. The earliest clinical signs of DR are microaneurysms and haemorrhages. Later signs include dilated, tortuous irregular veins and retinal non-profusion, leading to retinal ischaemia that ultimately results in neovascularisation. Diabetic macular oedema, which involves the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, also occurs and is responsible for a major part of vision loss, particularly in Type 2 diabetes. The pathogenesis of DR is very complex. Many biochemical mechanisms have been proposed as explanations for the development and progression of DR. Chronic hyperglycaemia leads to oxidative injury, microthrombi formation, cell adhesion molecule activation, leukostasis and cytokine activation. Next, ischaemia-mediated overexpression of growth factors and cytokines occurs. These factors include vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, angiopoetin-1 and -2, stromal-derived factor-1, fibroblast growth factor-2 and tumour necrosis factor. Because of the complex interplay between these factors, targeting a single growth factor will be unlikely to result in therapeutic inhibition of angiogenesis. These growth factors no doubt act in synergy to mediate the steps of angiogenesis, including protease production, endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. This review attempts to provide an overview of perspectives regarding the pathogenesis of this disease. The focus, however, is on describing the unique features of selected relevant factors and how each growth factor may act in a synergistic manner with other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Grant
- University of Florida, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors are key regulators of angiogenesis and are potential targets in cancer therapy. Here we report the down-regulation of activated VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1/Flt-1 by endocytosis and proteolytic degradation. VEGF stimulation induced a ternary complex of Flt-1, c-Cbl, and CD2AP. Substitution of tyrosine 1333 in Flt-1 with phenylalanine (Y1333F) impaired its binding to c-Cbl. In a transient expression system, VEGF stimulated colocalization of Flt-1, CD2AP, and c-Cbl in endocytic vesicles. This colocalization was significantly impaired by an inhibitor of VEGFR kinase SU5416, the Y1333F mutation in Flt-1, or by a dominant negative form of CD2AP. In Flt-1-overexpressing NIH3T3 cells, expression of the wild-type CD2AP enhanced VEGF-stimulated internalization as well as ubiquitination of Flt-1 whereas that of a mutated form of either CD2AP or c-Cbl failed to do so. These results suggest that the c-Cbl/CD2AP complex binds to activated Flt-1 and plays a crucial role in its endocytosis and subsequent degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satsuki Kobayashi
- Division of Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Matsumoto Y, Tanaka K, Hirata G, Hanada M, Matsuda S, Shuto T, Iwamoto Y. Possible involvement of the vascular endothelial growth factor-Flt-1-focal adhesion kinase pathway in chemotaxis and the cell proliferation of osteoclast precursor cells in arthritic joints. J Immunol 2002; 168:5824-31. [PMID: 12023386 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.11.5824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory joint disease, including angiogenesis and synovitis. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by progressive synovitis and subsequent bone destruction mediated by osteoclasts (OCs). In this study, we investigate the effects of VEGF on OC precursor cells (pOCs) using Raw cells and adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. OCs and pOCs in the arthritic joints express VEGF and VEGF receptor type I (Flt-1). Raw cells also express Flt-1, and VEGF treatment stimulated chemotaxis, cell proliferation, the association of Flt-1 with focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and the tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK in Raw cells. The tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK was also observed in pOCs in the arthritic joints of adjuvant-induced arthritis. Adenovirus-mediated expression of FAK-related nonkinase in Raw cells inhibited the effects of VEGF in a dominant negative manner. Furthermore, intra-articular injection of the FAK-related nonkinase virus suppressed the recruitment of pOCs and bone destruction. Our results suggest the possible involvement of the VEGF-Flt-1-FAK pathway in inflammatory disease-induced joint destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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