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Saad EA, Mukherjee T, Gandour G, Fatayerji N, Rammal A, Samuel P, Abdallah N, Ashok T. Cardiac myxomas: causes, presentations, diagnosis, and management. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:677-688. [PMID: 37737916 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac myxomas (CM) are one of the most common benign tumors which are typical in adults with a yearly incidence of 0.5-1 case per million individuals. This review article includes discussions based on existing literature on the role of interleukin interactions in the pathophysiology of cardiac myxoma which can lead to embolic complications, aneurysms, and CNS involvement. The objective of this narrative review was to study the variable clinical presentations of cardiac myxoma, its detection and diagnosis involving multiple modalities like genetic and hematological testing, echocardiography, CT, and MRI, of which transoesophageal echocardiogram shows excellent precision with a 90% to 96% accuracy in diagnosing CM. Individuals with the Carney complex are prone to such neoplasia. Cardiac myxomas are challenging to diagnose due to the ambiguity of their differential with thrombi. Myxomas can also be diagnosed by tumor markers like interleukin-6 and endothelial growth factors. The management of CM includes surgical excision like median sternotomy and robotic minimally invasive surgery. The use of robotic surgery in CM increased from 1.8% in 2012 to 15.1% in 2018. Tumor recurrences are uncommon but can occur due to inadequate surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio Assaad Saad
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Al Koura, Lebanon
| | - Tishya Mukherjee
- Faculty of Medicine, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Georges Gandour
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Al Koura, Lebanon
| | - Nora Fatayerji
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aya Rammal
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Peter Samuel
- International Faculty of Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Nicolas Abdallah
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Al Koura, Lebanon
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Anne N, Anandaswamy TC, Govindswamy S, Ravichandran G. Anesthetic management of a patient with incidental left atrial myxoma for proximal femur nailing: A case report. Saudi J Anaesth 2024; 18:302-304. [PMID: 38654855 PMCID: PMC11033888 DOI: 10.4103/sja.sja_944_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac myxomas are rare tumors with risks of cardiac outflow obstruction and embolic events. Surgical excision of the tumor at the earliest is the definitive treatment. We report the successful anesthetic management of a 65-year-old female patient with incidental left atrial myxoma for right proximal femur nailing. The patient was asymptomatic with no significant cardiac history. Since fracture reduction cannot be deferred for a prolonged period, the case was taken up under general anesthesia with invasive blood pressure monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Anne
- Department of Anaesthesiology, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Tejesh C Anandaswamy
- Department of Anaesthesiology, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Govindswamy
- Department of Anaesthesiology, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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3
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Lancaster I, Hrobowski-Blackman T, Patel D, Chatoor L, Simon J, Willinger A. Left atrial myxoma with cardiogenic shock following a myocardial infarction: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2024; 18:151. [PMID: 38462621 PMCID: PMC10926659 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumor and typically originate in the left atrium. Atrial myxomas may present following complications of obstruction and emboli. If an atrial myxoma goes untreated, complications such as congestive heart failure, embolic stroke, and sudden death can occur. CASE PRESENTATION A 58-year-old Caucasian male presented following a cardiac arrest. He was taken emergently to the cardiac catheterization lab and received two drug eluting stents. Following the procedure, he was found to have a left atrial mass that was intermittently obstructing the mitral valve on echocardiography. After leaving the cardiac catheterization lab, he was hypotensive and placed on multiple intravenous medications for hemodynamic support as well as an Impella device. Following medical optimization, he underwent one vessel coronary artery bypass graft as well as surgical excision of the left atrial mass, which pathology had shown to be an atrial myxoma. CONCLUSION This patient's case of cardiogenic shock following revascularization was complicated by the identification of an atrial myxoma, which, when large enough, can obstruct blood flow through the mitral valve leading to acute mitral dynamic stenosis. This condition results in circulatory collapse due to obstruction of the left ventricle in diastole as the myxoma occludes the mitral valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Lancaster
- HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME Programs, Largo Medical Center, 201 14Th St SW, Largo, FL, 33770, USA.
| | - Tara Hrobowski-Blackman
- HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME Programs, Largo Medical Center, 201 14Th St SW, Largo, FL, 33770, USA
| | - Deep Patel
- HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME Programs, Largo Medical Center, 201 14Th St SW, Largo, FL, 33770, USA
| | - Lubna Chatoor
- HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME Programs, Largo Medical Center, 201 14Th St SW, Largo, FL, 33770, USA
| | - Joshini Simon
- HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME Programs, Largo Medical Center, 201 14Th St SW, Largo, FL, 33770, USA
| | - Andrew Willinger
- HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME Programs, Largo Medical Center, 201 14Th St SW, Largo, FL, 33770, USA
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Oktaviono YH, Saputra PBT, Arnindita JN, Afgriyuspita LS, Kurniawan RB, Pasahari D, Milla C, Wungu CDK, Susilo H, Multazam CECZ, Alkaff FF. Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of cardiac myxoma: A meta-analysis of worldwide experience. Eur J Surg Oncol 2024; 50:107940. [PMID: 38219702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.107940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac myxoma is the most common primary cardiac tumor. However, existing literature mainly consists of single-center experiences with limited subjects. This systematic review aimed to provide data on clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of cardiac myxoma. We performed a thorough literature search on May 23, 2023 on PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were English full-text, observational studies, and included >20 subjects. From the search, 112 studies with a total of 8150 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 51 years (95 % confidence interval [95%CI] = 49.1-52.3), and the majority were females (64.3 % [95 % CI = 62.8-65.8 %]). The most common clinical manifestation was cardiovascular symptoms. Echocardiography can diagnose almost all cases (98.1 % [95 % CI = 95.8-99.6 %]). Cardiac myxoma was mostly prevalent in left atrium (85.3 % [95%CI = 83.3-87 %]) and predominantly with pedunculated morphology (75.6 % [95%CI = 64.1-84.3 %]). Post-tumor excision outcomes were excellent, with an early mortality of 1.27 % (95 % CI = 0.8-1.8 %), late mortality rate of 4.7 (95 % CI = 2.5-7.4) per 1000 person-years, and recurrence rate at 0.5 (95 % CI = 0.0-1.1) per 1000 person-years. Tumor excision is warranted in a timely manner once the cardiac myxoma diagnosis is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Her Oktaviono
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - General Academic Hospital Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, Indonesia; Cardiovascular Research and Innovation Center, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Pandit Bagus Tri Saputra
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - General Academic Hospital Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, Indonesia; Cardiovascular Research and Innovation Center, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Jannatin Nisa Arnindita
- Cardiovascular Research and Innovation Center, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Diar Pasahari
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - General Academic Hospital Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Clonia Milla
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
| | - Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
- Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hendri Susilo
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Firas Farisi Alkaff
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Division of Pharmacology and Therapy, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
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Tareen HK, Abiddin ZU, Daim SUR, Ashraf MF, Ahmad RU. Massive left atrial myxoma leading to recurrent cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) in a young woman: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2023; 18:3005-3008. [PMID: 37441457 PMCID: PMC10333109 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myxomas are tumors that occur due to uncontrolled proliferation of mesenchymal cells. Cardiac myxomas although very rare, are still the most common primary tumor of heart. Cardiac myxomas have a prevalence of 0.03% in the general population. They can have a variety of clinical presentations with obstructive cardiac symptoms, constitutional symptoms and symptoms due to embolism to other body parts chief among them. CNS embolism with stroke is among the rarest clinical presentation of cardiac myxomas. Our article portrays a case of cardiac myxomas that initially resulted in episodes of dyspnea and syncope and eventually led to recurrent episodes of transient ischemic attack and stroke. Case was confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography and managed surgically by medial sternotomy. Myxoma, a benign primary cardiac tumor is itself a rare occurrence, embolization of myxoma leading to multiple strokes is an atypical clinical presentation. Our report would be a valuable addition to the already existing literature.
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Chiarello G, Garzya M, Donateo M, Marazia S, Soldato N, Cucurachi MR, Guaricci AI, Colonna G. Giant left atrial myxoma causing acute ischemic stroke. Future Cardiol 2023. [PMID: 37140158 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2022-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial myxomas are primary cardiac tumors which may cause ischemic stroke. The authors present a case of a 51-year-old man admitted to the emergency department with right-sided hemiplegia and aphasia caused by ischemic stroke. 2D and 3D transesophageal echocardiography showed an atrial myxoma described as a large mass in the left atrium attached to the interatrial septum. In the end, surgical excision of the myxoma was performed 48 h after diagnosis. Nowadays, specific guidelines concerning the correct time for surgical excision of the myxoma are lacking. The authors highlight the utmost role of echocardiography to promptly characterize a cardiac mass and the importance of discuss about the timing of cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Chiarello
- Cardiology Unit, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Piazza Filippo Muratore, Lecce, 1, 73100, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Garzya
- Cardiology Unit, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Piazza Filippo Muratore, Lecce, 1, 73100, Italy
| | - Mario Donateo
- Cardiology Unit, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Piazza Filippo Muratore, Lecce, 1, 73100, Italy
| | - Stefania Marazia
- Cardiology Unit, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Piazza Filippo Muratore, Lecce, 1, 73100, Italy
| | - Nicolò Soldato
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University Cardiology Unit, Policlinic University Hospital, Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari, 11, 70124, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Igoren Guaricci
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University Cardiology Unit, Policlinic University Hospital, Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari, 11, 70124, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colonna
- Cardiology Unit, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Piazza Filippo Muratore, Lecce, 1, 73100, Italy
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Rangashamaiah S, Jagadeesh HV, Rangan K, Ramegowda K, Nanjappa M. Clinicopathological correlation of cardiac myxoma- insights from a large volume tertiary cardiac center in South India. J Indian Acad Echocardiogr Cardiovasc Imaging 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/jiae.jiae_42_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Pino PG, Moreo A, Lestuzzi C. Differential diagnosis of cardiac tumors: General consideration and echocardiographic approach. J Clin Ultrasound 2022; 50:1177-1193. [PMID: 36218203 PMCID: PMC9828386 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac tumors may be primary (either benign or malignant) or secondary (malignant) and are first detected by echocardiography in most cases. The cardiologist often challenges their identification, the differential diagnosis and the best therapeutic approach. Malignant tumors have usually a poor prognosis, which may be significantly improved by appropriate and timely therapies. The echocardiographic aspects of benign and malignant cardiac tumors described in this article, along with a clinical evaluation may orient the differential diagnosis and aid in choosing the further steps useful to define the nature of the mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo G. Pino
- Former Chief of Non Invasive Cardiovascular Diagnostics DepartmentOspedale San CamilloRomeItaly
| | - Antonella Moreo
- Cardiology IV, 'A.De Gasperis'DepartmentNiguarda Ca' Granda HospitalMilanItaly
| | - Chiara Lestuzzi
- Cardio‐oncological Rehabilitation Service, Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale (ASFO)c/o National Cancer Institute (CRO), IRCCSAvianoItaly
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Azeez H, Abdulrahman ZA, Nguyen T, Tofano M. Left Atrial Myxoma Presenting as Persistent Dizziness. Cureus 2022; 14:e26321. [PMID: 35911261 PMCID: PMC9310553 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac masses are divided into benign tumors and malignant tumors. The tumor can cause valvular obstruction and embolization phenomenon. To elucidate the etiology of cardiac masses, we rely on the use of echocardiograms in combination with the clinical picture of the patient. We describe an interesting case report of a 71-year-old woman who presented with persistent dizziness for one day. MRI brain showed multiple, small, scattered foci of acute infarction. The patient was treated with aspirin and atorvastatin. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a mass in the left atrium. Afterward, the tumor was removed surgically and histopathology was consistent with atrial myxoma.
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Arora GK, Kumar Gupta P, Bansal S. Transient ischaemic attack in a young woman. Heart 2021; 107:1629-1682. [PMID: 34561249 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-319777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar Arora
- Cardiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Gupta
- Cardiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Bansal
- Cardiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Hon JJ, Lang SJ, Roychoudhury D. Cardiac mass causing pulmonary hypertension: Dilemma resolved with multimodality imaging. Respir Med Case Rep 2021; 34:101422. [PMID: 34401311 PMCID: PMC8350417 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoma, the most common cardiac tumor is known to cause mitral valve obstruction and right heart failure with pulmonary hypertension. Patients with this condition often present with dyspnea, peripheral edema, and other signs of right heart failure. Pulmonary hypertension secondary to mitral valve obstruction presents unique difficulties in diagnosis as opposed other secondary causes such as thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Multimodality imaging with MRI, CT, and echocardiography can help resolve this dilemma. This case report serves to elucidate the important role of multimodality imaging in the management of patients with such a presentation. We also demonstrate in our case report how surgical removal can be curative by relieving mitral valve obstruction and thereby reversing pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Hon
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Samuel J Lang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYP Queen, United States
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although rare, atrial myxoma is the most common benign cardiac tumor. The recognized triad of presenting symptoms relates to constitutional, embolic, and obstructive effects produced by the tumor. However, the presentation may be non-specific and mimic other diseases, confounding diagnosis. CASE REPORT A middle-aged woman presented with wheezing and shortness of breath. With a strong background smoking history, the initial impression was that of acute bronchospasm. She however deteriorated rapidly, with decreased consciousness and cardiac arrest requiring resuscitation. Despite intensive care management, she died within 1 day of admission. Autopsy revealed a previously undiagnosed left atrial myxoma with coronary and systemic embolization. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights an unusual presentation of atrial myxoma, resulting in fatal simultaneous embolization to the coronary and cerebral arteries. This simultaneous embolic presentation is not common, but the potential consequences are serious. This report also demonstrates that the presentation of a left-sided atrial myxoma with cardiac asthma can mimic respiratory disease and confound diagnosis. In adult patients without a history of chronic respiratory disease, the possibility of cardiac asthma should always be entertained. Furthermore, the importance of considering atrial myxoma as a cause for cardiac asthma is emphasized. The use of transthoracic echocardiogram in aiding the rapid diagnosis of atrial myxoma is recommended. Finally, the continued acknowledgement of the important contribution the academic autopsy makes in complementing and improving clinical practice remains imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rufaro Jaravaza
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Stellenbosch University, National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Usha Lalla
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefan Dan Zaharie
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Stellenbosch University, National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Louis Johann de Jager
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Stellenbosch University, National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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Gregory RJ, Lazicki TJ, Pagel PS. Filling a Gap: A Rare Cause of Progressive Dyspnea and Intermittent Atypical Chest Pain. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 35:3829-3833. [PMID: 33663979 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Gregory
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Timothy J Lazicki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Paul S Pagel
- Anesthesiology Service, Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI.
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Abstract
Left atrial myxomas can cause pulmonary hypertension and right-sided heart failure. TTE can be used to identify an atrial mass and quantify its hemodynamic effects. Excision of atrial myxoma is indicated to prevent obstructive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Schwartz
- J. Willis Hurst Internal Medicine Residency Program, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Evan Blank
- Emory University Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marc Thames
- Emory University Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, Georgia
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Mahmoud
- Department of Cardiology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - William Haynos
- Department of Cardiology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Joyce Rollor
- Department of Cardiology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
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Mathew R, Agrawal N, Aggarwal P, Jamshed N. Atrial Myxoma Presenting as Acute Bilateral Limb Ischemia. J Emerg Med 2019; 57:710-2. [PMID: 31492590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac myxoma is the most common primary benign tumor of the heart and it has diverse clinical presentations. It is known to embolize into systemic circulation. However, presentation with complete occlusion of the aorta is uncommon. CASE REPORT We report an 18-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with features of acute bilateral limb ischemia. Arterial Doppler ultrasonography showed infrarenal aortic occlusion. A bedside cardiac ultrasound was done in the emergency department which clinched the diagnosis of atrial myxoma. Complete surgical excision of the tumor and subsequent histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of atrial myxoma. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: This report puts emphasis on the fact that atrial myxoma, though rare, may be considered as a source of embolism in patients presenting with acute limb ischemia. The importance of bedside ultrasonography for early diagnosis in such presentations is also highlighted.
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Gaisendrees C, Mader N, Sabashnikov A, Schlachtenberger G, Suhr L, Wahlers T. Minimally invasive resection of a giant left atrial myxoma: a case report. Perfusion 2019; 35:263-266. [PMID: 31366281 DOI: 10.1177/0267659119865125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tumors are a rarity. Most diagnosed primary tumors of the heart are benign, with an incidence ranging between 0.001% and 0.03%. Cardiac myxoma is one of these benign entities. A 44-year-old Caucasian woman who presented with symptoms of a common cold was diagnosed with a massive obstructing myxoma of the left atrium. Despite its large size, the tumor was completely removed using minimally invasive access through right anterior thoracotomy. However, the myxoma was adherent to the left atrial septum and was excised in toto. Pathological examinations confirmed the diagnosis of a primary cardiac myxoma. Total resection of obstructive cardiac myxomas is the therapy of choice, whereas minimally invasive surgical approach might be feasible despite large size and septal localization, but is technically challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navid Mader
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anton Sabashnikov
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Georg Schlachtenberger
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Suhr
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wahlers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Ahumada-Zakzuk SJ, Ruiz-Pla FA. Uso de ecocardiografía en la evaluación de masas cardíacas. Revista Colombiana de Cardiología 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Cianciulli TF, Cozzarin A, Soumoulou JB, Saccheri MC, Méndez RJ, Beck MA, Gagliardi JA, Lax JA. Twenty Years of Clinical Experience with Cardiac Myxomas: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Follow Up. J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 27:37-47. [PMID: 30701715 PMCID: PMC6358422 DOI: 10.4250/jcvi.2019.27.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac myxomas are the most frequent cardiac tumors. Although histologically benign, in some cases myxomas may be lethal, due to impairment of cardiac dynamics and their thromboembolic potential. The study aimed to assess the clinical presentation of cardiac myxomas and their correlation with echocardiographic features and to describe the perioperative results and long-term outcome of surgically treated patients. METHODS A prospective study of 53 patients with cardiac myxomas who were operated at Hospital Argerich, followed clinically and with echocardiography from 1993 until 2013. All patients underwent echocardiographic studies. RESULTS The patient's mean age was 53 ± 16 years (62.3% were women). The most common findings were dyspnea followed by embolic events. Most tumors were localized in the left atrium (77.4%), mainly in the fossa ovalis (63%). Mean size of the tumors was 4.76 x 3.50 cm. Tumors were generally mobile (88%) and went beyond the valve plane, causing mild mitral or tricuspid valve obstruction (58%) and dilation of the respective atrial chamber. Patients whose tumors were obstructive had higher pulmonary artery systolic pressures (50 vs 33 mmHg p < 0.01). According to the echocardiographic appearance 67% of tumors had a smooth surface and the remaining 32% had a villous surface. All patients with embolic manifestations had tumors with a villous surface. CONCLUSIONS Clinical presentation relates to the ultrasound characteristics of myxomas. Smooth tumors are larger, occur with obstructive symptoms, and benefit from an elective surgery, whereas villous myxomas entailed a high embolic risk and require prompt surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Francisco Cianciulli
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires Dr. Cosme Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Researchers of the Ministry of Health of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Alberto Cozzarin
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires Dr. Cosme Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Bautista Soumoulou
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires Dr. Cosme Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Cristina Saccheri
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires Dr. Cosme Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo José Méndez
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires Dr. Cosme Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Alejandro Beck
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires Dr. Cosme Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Alberto Gagliardi
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires Dr. Cosme Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Researchers of the Ministry of Health of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Alberto Lax
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires Dr. Cosme Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Researchers of the Ministry of Health of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Kim HJ. Importance of Echocardiographic Features in Long-term Clinical Outcomes of Cardiac Myxomas. J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 27:48-49. [PMID: 30701716 PMCID: PMC6358429 DOI: 10.4250/jcvi.2019.27.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Cardiology in Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.
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22
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Chiariello GA, Bruno P, Colizzi C, Pavone N, Nesta M, Cammertoni F, Mazza A, Posteraro A, Perri G, Massetti M. Acute heart failure related to a large left atrial myxoma. Proc AMIA Symp 2018; 31:331-3. [PMID: 29904302 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2018.1446641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between atrial myxoma and left ventricular failure is rarely described, is not completely understood, and may have multiple etiologies. We present a 49-year-old man with no history of cardiovascular disease who was admitted to our hospital with pulmonary edema. He was in atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. Echocardiography showed a 10.5-cm left atrial myxoma, which had been asymptomatic until the onset of congestive heart failure in the presence of severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Left ventricular inflow obstruction associated with the giant atrial mass could not be the only cause for acute heart failure.
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmar Antonio Centurión
- Asuncion National University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Clínic Hospital. Av. Mariscal López e/ Coronel Cazal. San Lorenzo, Paraguay.,Asuncion National University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Clínic Hospital. Asuncion, Paraguay
| | - Laura Beatriz García
- Asuncion National University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Clínic Hospital. Av. Mariscal López e/ Coronel Cazal. San Lorenzo, Paraguay.,Asuncion National University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Clínic Hospital. Asuncion, Paraguay
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24
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Przywara-Chowaniec B, Czarnecki Ł, Nowalny-Kozielska E, Gawlikowski M, Opara M, Puzio A, Kawecki D, Wesołowski B. Left atrial myxoma in a patient with a biventricular pacemaker. Kardiochir Torakochirurgia Pol 2016; 13:383-5. [PMID: 28096843 DOI: 10.5114/kitp.2016.64891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Myxomas make up about 50% of benign cardiac neoplasms. The most common location is within the left atrium. At the initial stage they do not exhibit any specific clinical symptoms, so they are often diagnosed by accident or during examinations recommended for other reasons. Here we present a case of left atrium myxoma in a patient (a man, age 68 years) with a dual chamber pacemaker. The myxoma did not reveal any clinical symptoms and was discovered in echocardiography during routine diagnostic examination preceding pacemaker implantation. The literature search made by the authors showed that this is the first recorded case of myxoma in a patient after the implantation of a biventricular pacemaker.
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25
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Minaskeian N, Hu PP. Left Atrial Myxomectomy with Intraoperative Severe Mitral Regurgitation and Complicated Postoperative Course - Case Report. Clin Med Insights Case Rep 2016; 9:109-110. [PMID: 27920591 PMCID: PMC5123616 DOI: 10.4137/ccrep.s26625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Primary cardiac tumors are a rare occurrence with myxomas accounting for about half of the benign tumors. Once diagnosed, surgical resection is the standard of care. Our case describes a female in her 50s who underwent a myxoma resection under cardiopulmonary bypass via biatrial approach. Intraoperatively, the thin septal crux between the wall of the aorta and mitral valve was damaged during resection, requiring stem cell tissue matrix for repair. The patient also developed severe mitral regurgitation suggesting infarct to the left coronary system during resection, subsequently receiving a mechanical mitral valve and a saphenous vein bypass graft. Postoperatively, she developed atrial fibrillation with a left atrial appendage thrombus, heart failure with an ejection fraction of 30%–35%, and a transient ischemic attack. In conclusion, it is important for the clinician to appreciate the possible complications of resection peri and postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nareg Minaskeian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Patrick P Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.; Riverside Medical Clinic, Riverside, CA, USA
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26
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Abstract
Right atrial myxomas are rare intracardiac tumors that often pose difficulties in diagnosis. Right ventricular failure and ascites ensuing from tricuspid valve orifice obstruction are potentially dangerous complications. Early diagnosis of cardiac myxoma is important since surgical treatment leads to disappearance of all symptoms with a low rate of recurrence and good long-term survival. Nonspecific extracardiac symptoms, signs, complications, and laboratory findings may be the initial manifestations contributing to misdiagnosis of these rare but totally treatable atrial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Niarchos
- Department of Cardiology, Agios Andreas General Hospital. Section of Medical Sciences, Patras Highest Institute of Education and Technology, Greece
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27
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Abstract
We report 2 patients with left atrial (LA) myxoma with associated severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Both presented with progressive effort intolerance without a history suggestive of acute coronary event. LA myxoma was diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography, which also detected severe systolic dysfunction and LV dilatation. Regional wall motion abnormality and thinning were absent. Coronary angiograms also showed no occlusive disease, but distal ectasia was seen in 1 patient. Metabolic and endocrine causes of reversible LV dysfunction were excluded. Cardiac function improved following surgery for myxoma in 1 patient. LV dysfunction, thus far, has not been directly attributed to myxoma. Coronary embolization leading to myocardial infarction and coexisting coronary atherosclerosis are the recognized methods by which LV dysfunction manifests in myxoma. Our report suggests the possibility of reversible severe global LV dysfunction due to cardiodepressant effect of myxoma through as yet unclear mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Chockalingam
- Department of Cardiology, Madras Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India.
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28
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Thyagarajan B, Kumar MP, Patel S, Agrawal A. Extracardiac manifestations of atrial myxomas. J Saudi Heart Assoc 2016; 29:37-43. [PMID: 28127217 PMCID: PMC5247297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsha.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cardiac tumors are extremely rare and constitute only about 5% of all cardiac tumors. Cardiac myxomas are noncancerous primary tumors of the heart and constitute about of 50% of all primary heart tumors. Left-sided atrial myxomas are more common than right-sided atrial myxomas. Atrial myxomas can lead to a triad of complications. The most common symptoms are associated with obstruction due to the size and location of the tumor. The next most common symptoms are associated with pulmonary and systemic embolization. Patients may also present with constitutional symptoms. Diagnosis is made via means of transesophageal echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Early diagnosis and surgical resection remain the treatment of choice to prevent complications. Patients usually have a good prognosis after resection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shil Patel
- Department of Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ, USA
| | - Abhinav Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ, USA
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29
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Qiu Y, Yang J, Bian S, Chen G, Yu J. PPARγ suppresses the proliferation of cardiac myxoma cells through downregulation of MEF2D in a miR-122-dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:560-565. [PMID: 27109478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a multiple functional transcription factor, has been reported to have anti-tumor effects through inhibition of cells proliferation. However, its effects on cardiac myxoma (CM) cells and the underlying signaling mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that the level of PPARγ is inversely correlated with that of myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D), a biomarker of CM. We found that activation of PPARγ inhibit MEF2D expression via upregulation of miR-122, which can target the 3'-UTR of MEF2D and inhibit MEF2D expression, by directly binding to the PPRE in the miR-122 promoter region. Functional experiments further showed that miR-122-dependent downregulation of MEF2D by PPARγ suppress the proliferation of CM cells. These results suggest that PPARγ may exert its antiproliferative effects by negatively regulating the MEF2D in CM cells, which through upregulation of miR-122, and PPARγ/miR-122/MEF2D signaling pathway may be a novel target for treatment of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhu Qiu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shizhu Bian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guozhu Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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30
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Abstract
Myxoma is a common benign cardiac tumor that may rarely cause an acute myocardial infarction. A 77-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with chest pain. Electrocardiography showed an ST elevation in leads V3-6. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed an ovoid mass with fragmentation in the left atrium and hypokinesia of the left ventricular apex. Coronary angiography indicated the presence of a coronary embolism that was suspected to be from the left atrial mass. The mass was removed by emergency surgical resection to avoid a further systemic embolism and was diagnosed pathologically as a myxoma. The patient was discharged after 13 days with no complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Ito
- Division of Cardiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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31
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Lazaros G, Latsios G, Tsalamandris S, Sfyras N, Toutouzas K, Tsiamis E, Tousoulis D. Cardiac myxoma and concomitant myocardial infarction. Embolism, atherosclerosis or combination? Int J Cardiol 2015; 205:124-126. [PMID: 26730843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Lazaros
- 1st Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Latsios
- 1st Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiris Tsalamandris
- 1st Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicolaos Sfyras
- 1st Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Toutouzas
- 1st Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Tsiamis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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32
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Huo Y, Zhao Q, Wang C, Zhao F, Du Y, Sun W. The involvement of myocyte enhancer factor 2D in regulating tumor biology of cardiac myxoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5405-11. [PMID: 26563368 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro-survival transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) is identified to exhibit pro-tumor effects based on clinical and experimental studies. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying IGF-1-MEF2D pathway-induced tumor biology in cardiac myxoma (CM) was not clear. Here, we investigated the role of MEF2D in CM tissues and cells using RT-PCR, western blot, gene silencing, et al. Our findings revealed MEF2D was significantly increased in CM tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues and closely related to tumor size. In vitro assay demonstrated that IGF-1 enhanced CM cell proliferation in a time-dependent fashion. However, knockdown of MEF2D reversed the IGF-1-induced proliferative effects on CM cells in a time-dependent fashion and further resulted in cell cycle arrest. Based on the molecular level, IGF-1 enhanced the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP9) in CM cells, whereas knockdown of MEF2D was able to reduce the expression of EGFR and MMP9 compared with vector control. Furthermore, we found knockdown of MEF2D directly affected G1/S transition in cultured CM cells. In conclusion, MEF2D regulates IGF-1-induced proliferation and apoptosis in CM development, indicating IGF-1-MEF2D pathway may be a useful target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Huo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Qingdao Branch, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 758 Hefei Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qingjun Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia, ZhangQiu People's Hospital, No. 1920, Huiquan Road, Zhangqiu, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, JiMo People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fen Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Qingdao Branch, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 758 Hefei Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yinghai Du
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Qingdao Branch, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 758 Hefei Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, 250012, Jinan, China.
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33
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Shimizu Y, Itoda Y, Higashikuni Y, Kadowaki Y, Saito A, Fujita H, Yamashita H, Watanabe M, Ono M, Komuro I. Giant left atrial myxoma that caused mitral valve obstruction and pulmonary hypertension. Int J Cardiol 2015; 199:38-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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34
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Fang C, Shen Y, Qi P, Liu Z, Zhang M, Pang X. Astrocyte-elevated gene-1 mediates insulin-like growth factor 1-induced the progression of cardiac myxoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9769-77. [PMID: 26156800 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3739-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) have been involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways in tumorigenesis. To date, the detailed mechanisms underlying IGF-1-AEG-1 pathway-induced proliferation and apoptosis in cardiac myxoma (CM) was not reported. In the present study, we used immnohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and qRT-PCR to detect the expression profile of IGF-1 and AEG-1 in 90 CM tissues, and then cultured CM cells were subjected to si-AEG-1, in vitro, and in vivo assays. Our findings showed that IGF-1 and AEG-1 were obviously upregulated in CM tissues and markedly associated with tumor size. When CM cells were treated with si-AEG-1, si-AEG-1 attenuated IGF-1-induced CM cell growth and enhanced cell apoptosis. Mechanically, we validated the expression of AEG-1, p-Erk1/2, and p-Akt increased in CM cells in response to IGF-1 treatment in a time-dependent manner. However, si-AEG-1 affected the expression of these proteins. Functionally, we found the knockdown of AEG-1-inhibited G1/S transition and tumor formation of CM cells. In conclusion, AEG-1 regulates IGF-1-induced proliferation and apoptosis via Erk1/2 and Akt signaling in CM development, which suggests IGF-1-AEG-1 signaling could be recommended to be a useful target to exert anti-tumor effects on CM.
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Abstract
Primary malignant cardiac tumors are represented by sarcomas and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. They are rare, affect mostly patients in the fourth decade of life and have a severe prognosis. Both the diagnosis and the treatment require a multidisciplinary approach, and the cardiologist plays a central role both in the diagnosis and in the follow-up. The prognosis may be improved by a careful planning of surgery and by the use of multimodality treatment, including complementary chemotherapy and radiation therapy. A strict follow-up must be planned even after apparently complete cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lestuzzi
- Cardiology Unit, Oncology Department, CRO, National Cancer Institute (IRCCS), Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Antonino De Paoli
- Radiation Oncology Department, CRO, National Cancer Institute (IRCCS), Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Tanja Baresic
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, CRO, National Cancer Institute (IRCCS), Via F Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Gianmaria Miolo
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Department, CRO, National Cancer Institute (IRCCS), Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Angela Buonadonna
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Department, CRO, National Cancer Institute (IRCCS), Aviano (PN), Italy
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36
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Anandan PK, Bengaluru Hanumanthappa N, Bhat P, Manjunath CN, Chandrasekaran D. Ping-Pong Mitral Stenosis: Left Atrial Myxoma With Mitral Stenosis and Pulmonary Hypertension in an Octogenarian. Cardiol Res 2015; 6:286-288. [PMID: 28197242 PMCID: PMC5295523 DOI: 10.14740/cr399w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Left atrial (LA) myxoma presenting with symptoms of mitral stenosis in elderly males is very rare accounting for 10% of the cases. We report an 80-year-old male who presented with symptoms of orthopnea and palpitations and was subsequently found to have a large LA myxoma obstructing the mitral valve and causing pulmonary hypertension (PHT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Krishna Anandan
- Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sciences, Bannerghatta Road, Jayanagar 9th Block, Bangalore, Karnataka 560069, India
| | - Natesh Bengaluru Hanumanthappa
- Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sciences, Bannerghatta Road, Jayanagar 9th Block, Bangalore, Karnataka 560069, India
| | - Prabhavathi Bhat
- Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sciences, Bannerghatta Road, Jayanagar 9th Block, Bangalore, Karnataka 560069, India
| | - Cholenahally Nanjappa Manjunath
- Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sciences, Bannerghatta Road, Jayanagar 9th Block, Bangalore, Karnataka 560069, India
| | - Dhanalakshmi Chandrasekaran
- Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sciences, Bannerghatta Road, Jayanagar 9th Block, Bangalore, Karnataka 560069, India
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37
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Ikeda A, Tsukada T, Konishi T, Matsuzaki K, Jikuya T, Hiramatsu Y. Right atrial myxoma with a large tumor embolus in the left pulmonary artery. J Surg Case Rep 2014; 2014:rju115. [PMID: 25352579 PMCID: PMC4210748 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rju115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac myxoma, the most common primary cardiac tumor, usually develops in the left atrium. Right atrial myxomas are rare, especially those accompanied by pulmonary tumor embolism. We describe a case of a right atrial myxoma with a large tumor embolus in the left pulmonary artery. A 74-year-old man was referred to our hospital for the treatment of a right atrial tumor. Upon echocardiography, the right atrial tumor was revealed to have a mobile and tail-like surface projection. In addition, computed tomography showed that an embolus was wedged into the left pulmonary artery. We performed an emergency surgery to remove both the right atrial tumor and the pulmonary embolus. Histopathological examination revealed them both to be myxoma. Right atrial myxoma with a large pulmonary tumor embolus is a serious condition and emergency surgery to remove both cardiac tumors and pulmonary emboli should be performed to avoid the risk of sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toru Tsukada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Taisuke Konishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kanji Matsuzaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Jikuya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuji Hiramatsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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38
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Chow DH, Chan N, Choy C, Chu P, Yuen H, Lau C, Lo Y, Tsui P, Mok N. A lady with atrial myxoma presenting with myocardial infarction and cerebral aneurysm. Int J Cardiol 2014; 172:e16-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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39
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Leo S, Yang K, Weng C, Liang Z. Large atrial myxoma mimicking severe mitral stenosis associated with right heart enlargement and severe pulmonary hypertension. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2013; 3:52-4. [PMID: 24282745 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2013.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunnar Leo
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Atmani N, Nya F, Moutakiallah Y, Abdou A, Bamous M, Ait Houssa M, Boulahya A. [Right atrial myxoma complicated by pulmonary embolism and revealed by right heart failure]. Presse Med 2013; 42:1535-8. [PMID: 23643612 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noureddine Atmani
- Hôpital militaire Mohamed V, service de chirurgie cardiovasculaire, Rabat, Maroc.
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Mouine NN, Asfalou II, Raissouni MM, Benyass AA, Zbir el ME. Giant left atrial myxoma mimicking severe mitral valve stenosis and severe pulmonary hypertension. Int Arch Med 2013; 6:13. [PMID: 23601991 DOI: 10.1186/1755-7682-6-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoma is the most common primary tumor of the heart and can arise in any of the cardiac chambers. This paper reports A 50 -year-old woman without medical history and any cardiovascular risk factors was hospitalized for exertional dyspnea and palpitations from three months and signifiant weight loss. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed a giant left atrial myxoma mobile confined to the left atrium in systole, in diastole the tumor was seen prolapsing across the mitral valve into the left ventricle and partially obstructing it and causing severe functional mitral stenosis with a mean gradient of 21,3 mmHg. Severe pulmonary hypertension was confirmed by Doppler PAPs =137 mmHg. The patient was scheduled for cardiac surgery with good outcome.
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Carvalho MS, Andrade MJ, Abecasis J, Gouveia R, Branco L, Neves JP, Mendes M. Understanding cardiac myxoma recurrence: A case report. Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Carvalho MS, Andrade MJ, Abecasis J, Gouveia R, Branco L, Neves JP, Mendes M. Understanding cardiac myxoma recurrence: A case report. Rev Port Cardiol 2013; 32:239-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Rosser GJ, Goode EF, Godazgar F, Dubrey SW. Cardiac tumour masquerades as mid-life (menopause) event. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2012-008405. [PMID: 23362067 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-008405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumours encountered. Their detection may be incidental, owing to embolic events, intracardiac obstructive features or in some cases, non-specific constitutional symptoms. We describe a middle-aged woman attributing constitutional symptoms to menopause, but later determined to be due to an atrial myxoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J Rosser
- Department of Cardiology, Hillingdon Hospital, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
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Marta L, Peres M, Alves M, Ferreira Da Silva G. Giant left atrial myxoma presenting as acute myocardial infarction. Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition) 2012; 31:815-819. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Marta L, Peres M, Alves M, Ferreira da Silva G. Enfarte agudo do miocárdio como forma de apresentação de mixoma gigante da aurícula esquerda. Rev Port Cardiol 2012; 31:815-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Wang JG, Li YJ, Liu H, Li NN, Zhao J, Xing XM. Clinicopathologic analysis of cardiac myxomas: Seven years' experience with 61 patients. J Thorac Dis 2012; 4:272-83. [PMID: 22754666 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2012.05.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiac myxomas are the most common primary neoplasms of heart. The present study was performed on the 61 cases of patients with cardiac myxoma, in order to investigate the tumors' clinical and pathological features, and to identify the relationship between the pathological characteristics and clinical behaviors. METHODS A total of 61 cardiac myxoma cases were analyzed and reviewed retrospectively, including the clinical presentations, physical examinations, and echocardiography, electrocardiography, and pathology documents. RESULTS The total patient cohort was made up of 37 women and 24 men. The average age at diagnosis was 48.8 years in males and 51.9 years in females. The most common complaint was dyspnea (37 cases, 60.7%) and the most common sign was systolic murmur (30 cases, 49.2%). Two surface structures and three tumor cell arrangement patterns were observed, and statistical analysis revealed the surface structure was related to the cell arrangement pattern. However, neither the cell arrangement pattern nor the tumor surface structure showed a significant correlation with the clinical presentation. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed the pathological profiles of cardiac myxomas were not related to the clinical presentations. The results of our study indicate morphologic classifications of cardiac myxomas may not be significant for clinical practice.
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Abstract
Cardiac myxoma is a benign (non-malignant) neoplasm that represents the most common primary tumour of the heart. We present the case of a 36 year old woman with background hypertension who presented with features of left ventricular failure and seizures, and was found during transthoracic echocardiography to have left atrial myxoma protruding through the mitral valve orifice. She subsequently had excision of the atrial myxoma. The usefulness of early transthoracic echocardiography in any patient presenting with features of heart failure even when the aetiology seems obvious cannot be over-emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dike B Ojji
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
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Kim BK, Cho JN, Park HJ, Hong SP, Son JY, Lee JB, Ryu JK, Choi JY, Chang SG, Kim KS. Reversible pulmonary hypertension in adolescent with left atrial myxoma. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2011; 19:221-3. [PMID: 22259669 PMCID: PMC3259550 DOI: 10.4250/jcu.2011.19.4.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a patient of left atrial huge myxoma presenting with severe pulmonary hypertension in adolescents. A patient was a 14-year-old boy presented with sudden onset dyspnea. Transthoracic echocardiographic study revealed the presence of a nodular, 4.34 × 8.11 cm sized, mobile, hyperechoic mass in the left atrium and severe pulmonary hypertension with tricuspid insufficiency. After surgical therapy, tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension was decreased and the patient was stabilized and had an uneventful clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byong-Kyu Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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