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Sarfraz M, Ibrahim MK, Ejaz SA, Attaullah HM, Aziz M, Arafat M, Shamim T, Elhadi M, Ruby T, Mahmood HK. An Integrated Computational Approaches for Designing of Potential Piperidine based Inhibitors of Alzheimer Disease by Targeting Cholinesterase and Monoamine Oxidases Isoenzymes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-023-04815-0. [PMID: 38165591 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the potential of piperidine-based 2H chromen-2-one derivatives against targeted enzymes, i.e., cholinesterase's and monoamine oxidase enzymes. The compounds were divided into three groups, i.e., 4a-m ((3,4-dimethyl-7-((1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives), 5a-e (3,4-dimethyl-7-((1-methypipridin-3-yl)methoxy)-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives), and 7a-b (7-(3-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)propoxy)-3,4-dimethyl-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives) with slight difference in the basic structure. The comprehensive computational investigations were conducted including density functional theories studies (DFTs), 2D-QSAR studies, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. The QSAR equation revealed that the activity of selected chromen-2-one-based piperidine derivatives is being affected by the six descriptors, i.e., Nitrogens Count, SdssCcount, SssOE-Index, T-2-2-7, ChiV6chain, and SssCH2E-Index. These descriptor values were further used for the preparation of chromen-2-one based piperidine derivatives. Based on this, 83 new derivatives were created from 7 selected parent compounds. The QSAR model predicted their IC50 values, with compound 4 k and 4kk as the most potent multi-targeted derivative. Molecular docking results exhibited these compounds as the best inhibitors; however, 4kk exhibited greater activity than the parent compounds. The results were further validated by molecular dynamic simulation studies along with the suitable physicochemical properties. These results prove to be an essential guide for the further design and development of new piperidine based chromen-2-one derivatives having better activity against neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain Campus, 64141, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- AU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Attaullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mosab Arafat
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain Campus, 64141, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahira Shamim
- Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University College of Conventional Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muawya Elhadi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Ad-Dawadimi 11911, P.O.Box 1040, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahira Ruby
- Institute of Zoology, Bahaudin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Kashif Mahmood
- Institute of Zoology, Bahaudin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
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Meyer JH, Braga J. Development and Clinical Application of Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Agents for Monoamine Oxidase B. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:773404. [PMID: 35280341 PMCID: PMC8914088 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.773404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) is a high-density protein in the brain mainly found on outer mitochondrial membranes, primarily in astroglia, but additionally in serotonergic neurons and in the substantia nigra in the midbrain. It is an enzyme that participates in the oxidative metabolism of important monoamines including dopamine, norepinephrine, benzylamine, and phenylethylamine. Elevated MAO-B density may be associated with astrogliosis and inhibiting MAO-B may reduce astrogliosis. MAO-B density is elevated in postmortem sampling of pathology for many neuropsychiatric diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and alcohol use disorder. Initial development of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents focused on analogs of [11C]L-deprenyl, with the most commonly applied being the deuterium substituted [11C]L-deprenyl-D2. This latter radiotracer was modeled with an irreversible trapping compartment reflecting its irreversible binding to MAO-B. Subsequently, [11C]SL25.1188, a reversible binding MAO-B radioligand with outstanding properties including high specific binding and excellent reversibility was developed. [11C]SL25.1188 PET was applied to discover a substantive elevation of MAO-B binding in the prefrontal cortex in major depressive disorder (MDD) with an effect size of more than 1.5. Longer duration of MDD was associated with greater MAO-B binding throughout most gray matter regions in the brain, suggesting progressive astrogliosis. Important applications of [11C]L-deprenyl-D2 PET are detecting a 40% loss in radiotracer accumulation in cigarette smokers, and substantial occupancy of novel therapeutics like EVT301 and sembragiline. Given the number of diseases with elevations of MAO-B density and astrogliosis, and the advance of [11C]SL25.1188, clinical applications of MAO-B imaging are still at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey H. Meyer
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jeffrey H. Meyer,
| | - Joeffre Braga
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Hale MW, Lukkes JL, Dady KF, Kelly KJ, Paul ED, Smith DG, Heinze JD, Raison CL, Lowry CA. Interactions between whole-body heating and citalopram on body temperature, antidepressant-like behaviour, and neurochemistry in adolescent male rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 359:428-439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Functional selectivity of GPCR-directed drug action through location bias. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:799-806. [PMID: 28553949 PMCID: PMC5733145 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are increasingly recognized to operate from intracellular membranes as well as the plasma membrane. The β2-adrenergic GPCR can activate Gs-linkedcyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling from endosomes. We show here that the homologous human β1-adrenergic receptor initiates an internal Gs-cAMP signal from the Golgi apparatus. By developing a chemical method to acutely squelch G protein coupling at defined membrane locations, we demonstrate that Golgi activation contributes significantly to the overall cellular cAMP response. Golgi signalling utilizes a pre-existing receptor pool rather than receptors delivered from the cell surface, requiring separate access of extracellular ligands. Epinephrine, a hydrophilic endogenous ligand, accesses the Golgi-localized receptor pool by facilitated transport requiring the organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) whereas drugs can access the Golgi pool by passive diffusion according to hydrophobicity. We demonstrate marked differences among both agonist and antagonist drugs in Golgi-localized receptor access, and show that β-blocker drugs presently used in the clinic differ markedly in ability to antagonize the Golgi signal. We propose ’location bias’ as a new principle for achieving functional selectivity of GPCR-directed drug action.
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Nishijima H, Tomiyama M. What Mechanisms Are Responsible for the Reuptake of Levodopa-Derived Dopamine in Parkinsonian Striatum? Front Neurosci 2016; 10:575. [PMID: 28018168 PMCID: PMC5156842 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Levodopa is the most effective medication for motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. However, various motor and non-motor complications are associated with levodopa treatment, resulting from altered levodopa-dopamine metabolism with disease progression and long-term use of the drug. The present review emphasizes the role of monoamine transporters other than the dopamine transporter in uptake of extracellular dopamine in the dopamine-denervated striatum. When dopaminergic neurons are lost and dopamine transporters decreased, serotonin and norepinephrine transporters compensate by increasing uptake of excessive extracellular dopamine in the striatum. Organic cation transporter-3 and plasma membrane monoamine transporter, low affinity, and high capacity transporters, also potentially uptake dopamine when high-affinity transporters do not work normally. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are often administered to patients with Parkinson's disease presenting with depression, pain or other non-motor symptoms. Thus, it is important to address the potential of these drugs to modify dopamine metabolism and uptake through blockade of the compensatory function of these transporters, which could lead to changes in motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Nishijima
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central HospitalAomori, Japan; Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosaki, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tomiyama
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central HospitalAomori, Japan; Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosaki, Japan
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Mazalouskas M, Jessen T, Varney S, Sutcliffe JS, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Cook EH, Carneiro AMD. Integrin β3 Haploinsufficiency Modulates Serotonin Transport and Antidepressant-Sensitive Behavior in Mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2015-24. [PMID: 25684064 PMCID: PMC4839525 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Converging lines of evidence have identified genetic interactions between the serotonin transporter (SERT) gene and ITGB3, which encodes the β3 subunit that forms the αIIbβ3 and αvβ3 integrin receptor complexes. Here we examine the consequences of haploinsufficiency in the mouse integrin β3 subunit gene (Itgb3) on SERT function and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) effectiveness in vivo. Biochemical fractionation studies and immunofluorescent staining of murine brain slices reveal that αvβ3 receptors and SERTs are enriched in presynaptic membranes from several brain regions and that αvβ3 colocalizes with a subpopulation of SERT-containing synapses in raphe nuclei. Notably, we establish that loss of a single allele of Itgb3 in murine neurons is sufficient to decrease 5-HT uptake by SERT in midbrain synaptosomes. Pharmacological assays to elucidate the αvβ3-mediated mechanism of reduced SERT function indicate that decreased integrin β3 subunit expression scales down the population size of active SERT molecules and, as a consequence, lowers the effective dose of SSRIs. These data are consistent with the existence of a subpopulation of SERTs that are tightly modulated by integrin αvβ3 and significantly contribute to global SERT function at 5-HT synapses in the midbrain. Importantly, our screen of a normal human population for single nucleotide polymorphisms in human ITGB3 identified a variant associated with reductions in integrin β3 expression levels that parallel our mouse findings. Thus, polymorphisms in human ITGB3 may contribute to the differential responsiveness of select patients to SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mazalouskas
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tammy Jessen
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Seth Varney
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James S Sutcliffe
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Edwin H Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana M D Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 461 Preston Research Building, 23rd Avenue South at Pierce, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Tel: +1 615 875 5635, Fax: 615-343-1084, E-mail:
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Chen Q, Xu Y, Zhang H, Tan X, Liu SH, Yan F. Immunocytochemical Localization of Monoamine Oxidase Type B in Rat's Peripheral Nervous System. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2015; 29:521-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Stomatology of Jilin University; Chao Yang District Changchun City Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Stomatology of Jilin University; Chao Yang District Changchun City Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology; The second hospital of Jilin University; No. 18, Ziqiang Street ChangChun City JiLin Prov China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Stomatology of Jilin University; Chao Yang District Changchun City Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Hui Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Stomatology of Jilin University; Chao Yang District Changchun City Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Yan
- Department of Ultrasonic; The People's Hospital of Qufu; Qufu City Shandong People's Republic of China
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Malmlöf T, Feltmann K, Konradsson-Geuken Å, Schneider F, Alken RG, Svensson TH, Schilström B. Deuterium-substituted l-DOPA displays increased behavioral potency and dopamine output in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease: comparison with the effects produced by l-DOPA and an MAO-B inhibitor. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 122:259-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Finberg JPM. Update on the pharmacology of selective inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B: focus on modulation of CNS monoamine neurotransmitter release. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:133-52. [PMID: 24607445 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (MAO) were initially used in medicine following the discovery of their antidepressant action. Subsequently their ability to potentiate the effects of an indirectly-acting sympathomimetic amine such as tyramine was discovered, leading to their limitation in clinical use, except for cases of treatment-resistant depression. More recently, the understanding that: a) potentiation of indirectly-acting sympathomimetic amines is caused by inhibitors of MAO-A but not by inhibitors of MAO-B, and b) that reversible inhibitors of MAO-A cause minimal tyramine potentiation, has led to their re-introduction to clinical use for treatment of depression (reversible MAO-A inhibitors and new dose form MAO-B inhibitor) and treatment of Parkinson's disease (MAO-B inhibitors). The profound neuroprotective properties of propargyl-based inhibitors of MAO-B in preclinical experiments have drawn attention to the possibility of employing these drugs for their neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative diseases, and have raised the question of the involvement of the MAO-mediated reaction as a source of reactive free radicals. Despite the long-standing history of MAO inhibitors in medicine, the way in which they affect neuronal release of monoamine neurotransmitters is still poorly understood. In recent years, the detailed chemical structure of MAO-B and MAO-A has become available, providing new possibilities for synthesis of mechanism-based inhibitors. This review describes the latest advances in understanding the way in which MAO inhibitors affect the release of the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin (5-HT) in the CNS, with an accent on the importance of these effects for the clinical actions of the drugs.
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Dorfman HM, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Buckholtz JW. Neurobiological mechanisms for impulsive-aggression: the role of MAOA. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014; 17:297-313. [PMID: 24470068 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2013_272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aggression may be present across a large part of the spectrum of psychopathology, and underlies costly criminal antisocial behaviors. Human aggression is a complex and underspecified construct, confounding scientific discovery. Nevertheless, some biologically tractable subtypes are apparent, and one in particular-impulsive (reactive) aggression-appears to account for many facets of aggression-related dysfunction in psychiatric illness. Impulsive-aggression is significantly heritable, suggesting genetic transmission. However, the specific neurobiological mechanisms that mediate genetic risk for impulsive-aggression remain unclear. Here, we review extant data on the genetics and neurobiology of individual differences in impulsive-aggression, with particular attention to the role of genetic variation in Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) and its impact on serotonergic signaling within corticolimbic circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley M Dorfman
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Adori C, Low P, Andó RD, Gutknecht L, Pap D, Truszka F, Takács J, Kovács GG, Lesch KP, Bagdy G. Ultrastructural characterization of tryptophan hydroxylase 2-specific cortical serotonergic fibers and dorsal raphe neuronal cell bodies after MDMA treatment in rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011; 213:377-91. [PMID: 21052985 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-2041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") is a widely used recreational drug known to cause selective long-term serotonergic damage. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterize the ultrastructure of serotonergic pericarya and proximal neurites in the dorsal raphe nucleus as well as the ultrastructure of serotonergic axons in the frontal cortex of adolescent Dark Agouti rats 3 days after treatment with 15 mg/kg i.p. MDMA. METHODS Light microscopic immunohistochemistry and pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy with a novel tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (Tph2) specific antibody, as a marker of serotonergic structures. RESULTS Light microscopic analysis showed reduced serotonergic axon density and aberrant swollen varicosities in the frontal cortex of MDMA-treated animals. According to the electron microscopic analysis, Tph2 exhibited diffuse cytoplasmic immunolocalization in dorsal raphe neuronal cell bodies. The ultrastructural-morphometric analysis of these cell bodies did not indicate pathological changes or significant alteration in the cross-sectional areal density of any examined organelles. Proximal serotonergic neurites in the dorsal raphe exhibited no ultrastructural alteration. However, in the frontal cortex among intact fibers, numerous serotonergic axons with destructed microtubules were found. Most of their mitochondria were intact, albeit some injured axons also contained degenerating mitochondria; moreover, a few of them comprised confluent membrane whorls only. CONCLUSIONS Our treatment protocol does not lead to ultrastructural alteration in the serotonergic dorsal raphe cell bodies and in their proximal neurites but causes impairment in cortical serotonergic axons. In these, the main ultrastructural alteration is the destruction of microtubules although a smaller portion of these axons probably undergo an irreversible damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Adori
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Bortolato M, Shih JC. Behavioral outcomes of monoamine oxidase deficiency: preclinical and clinical evidence. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2011; 100:13-42. [PMID: 21971001 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386467-3.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) isoenzymes A and B are mitochondrial-bound proteins, catalyzing the oxidative deamination of monoamine neurotransmitters as well as xenobiotic amines. Although they derive from a common ancestral progenitor gene, are located at X-chromosome and display 70% structural identity, their substrate preference, regional distribution, and physiological role are divergent. In fact, while MAO-A has high affinity for serotonin and norepinephrine, MAO-B primarily serves the catabolism of 2-phenylethylamine (PEA) and contributes to the degradation of other trace amines and dopamine. Convergent lines of preclinical and clinical evidence indicate that variations in MAO enzymatic activity--due to either genetic or environmental factors--can exert a profound influence on behavioral regulation and play a role in the pathophysiology of a large spectrum of mental and neurodegenerative disorders, ranging from antisocial personality disorder to Parkinson's disease. Over the past few years, numerous advances have been made in our understanding of the phenotypical variations associated with genetic polymorphisms and mutations of the genes encoding for both isoenzymes. In particular, novel findings on the phenotypes of MAO-deficient mice are highlighting novel potential implications of both isoenzymes in a broad spectrum of mental disorders, ranging from autism and anxiety to impulse-control disorders and ADHD. These studies will lay the foundation for future research on the neurobiological and neurochemical bases of these pathological conditions, as well as the role of gene × environment interactions in the vulnerability to several mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Finberg JP. Pharmacology of Rasagiline, a New MAO-B Inhibitor Drug for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease with Neuroprotective Potential. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2010; 1:e0003. [PMID: 23908775 PMCID: PMC3721659 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rasagiline (Azilect) is a highly selective and potent propargylamine inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) type B. Like other similar propargylamine inhibitors, rasagiline binds covalently to the N5 nitrogen of the flavin residue of MAO, resulting in irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. Therapeutic doses of the drug which inhibit brain MAO-B by 95% or more cause minimal inhibition of MAO-A, and do not potentiate the pressor or other pharmacological effects of tyramine. Metabolic conversion of the compound in vivo is by hepatic cytochrome P450-1A2, with generation of 1-aminoindan as the major metabolite. Rasagiline possesses no amphetamine-like properties, by contrast with the related compound selegiline (Deprenyl, Jumex, Eldepryl). Although the exact distribution of MAO isoforms in different neurons and tissues is not known, dopamine behaves largely as a MAO-A substrate in vivo, but following loss of dopaminergic axonal varicosities from the striatum, metabolism by glial MAO-B becomes increasingly important. Following subchronic administration to normal rats, rasagiline increases levels of dopamine in striatal microdialysate, possibly by the build-up of β-phenylethylamine, which is an excellent substrate for MAO-B, and is an effective inhibitor of the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (DAT). Both of these mechanisms may participate in the anti-Parkinsonian effect of rasagiline in humans. Rasagiline possesses neuroprotective properties in a variety of primary neuronal preparations and neuron-like cell lines, which is not due to MAO inhibition. Recent clinical studies have also demonstrated possible neuroprotective properties of the drug in human Parkinsonian patients, as shown by a reduced rate of decline of symptoms over time.
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Descarries L, Riad M, Parent M. Ultrastructure of the Serotonin Innervation in the Mammalian Central Nervous System. HANDBOOK OF BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-7339(10)70072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Bortolato M, Chen K, Shih JC. The Degradation of Serotonin: Role of MAO. HANDBOOK OF BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-7339(10)70079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Bainbridge JL, Lee Page R, Ruscin JM. Elucidating the Mechanism of Action and Potential Interactions of MAO-B Inhibitors. Neurol Clin 2008; 26:S85-96, vi. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hong KW, Hayasaka I, Murayama Y, Ito S, Inoue-Murayama M. Comparative analysis of monoamine oxidase intronic polymorphisms in primates. Gene 2008; 418:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Alves E, Summavielle T, Alves CJ, Gomes-da-Silva J, Barata JC, Fernandes E, de Lourdes Bastos M, Tavares MA, Carvalho F. Monoamine oxidase-B mediates ecstasy-induced neurotoxic effects to adolescent rat brain mitochondria. J Neurosci 2007; 27:10203-10. [PMID: 17881526 PMCID: PMC6672671 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2645-07.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced neurotoxicity and the protective role of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibition were evaluated at the mitochondrial level in various regions of the adolescent rat brain. Four groups of adolescent male Wistar rats were used: (1) saline control, (2) exposed to MDMA (4 x 10 mg/kg, i.p.; two hourly), (3) treated with selegiline (2 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before the same dosing of MDMA, and (4) treated with selegiline (2 mg/kg, i.p.). Body temperatures were monitored throughout the whole experiment. Animals were killed 2 weeks later, and mitochondria were isolated from several brain regions. Our results showed that "binge" MDMA administration causes, along with sustained hyperthermia, long-term alterations in brain mitochondria as evidenced by increased levels of lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls. Additionally, analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) revealed that NDI nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dehydrogenase subunit I and NDII (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dehydrogenase subunit II) subunits of mitochondrial complex I and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I of complex IV suffered deletions in MDMA-exposed animals. Inhibition of MAO-B by selegiline did not reduce hyperthermia but reversed MDMA-induced effects in the oxidative stress markers, mtDNA, and related protein expression. These results indicate that monoamine oxidation by MAO-B with subsequent mitochondrial damage may be an important contributing factor for MDMA-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Alves
- Neurobehaviour Unit, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular
- Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, REQUIMTE
| | - Teresa Summavielle
- Neurobehaviour Unit, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular
- Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4000-294 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Joana Gomes-da-Silva
- Neurobehaviour Unit, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular
- Escola de Saúde, University of Aveiro, 3180-193 Aveiro, Portugal, and
| | - José Custódio Barata
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Maria Amélia Tavares
- Neurobehaviour Unit, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical School of Porto, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
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19
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Razygraev AV, Arutjunyan AV. Monoamine oxidase activity in several structures of rat brain. NEUROCHEM J+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712407030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Mathisen GH, Thorkildsen IH, Paulsen RE. Secretory PLA2-IIA and ROS generation in peripheral mitochondria are critical for neuronal death. Brain Res 2007; 1153:43-51. [PMID: 17462609 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study the role of mitochondrial secretory PLA2-IIA in glutamate-induced cell death in cultured cerebellar granule neurons has been investigated. Inhibition of secretory PLA2-IIA blocked glutamate-induced cell death. Since PLA2 may generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), we have investigated ROS production, detected as dihydrorhodamine 123 oxidation and nitrotyrosine modifications of proteins, following glutamate treatment in the absence or presence of an inhibitor of secretory PLA2-IIA. There was an increased generation of ROS in both glutamate- and buffer-treated neurons compared to untreated neurons. Scavenging with dihydrorhodamine 123 reduced glutamate-induced death (60%), showing that ROS detected in glutamate-treated neurons were associated with cell death. However, ROS detected in buffer-treated neurons were not associated with toxicity. Glutamate treatment led to ROS production predominantly in peripheral mitochondria, whereas buffer treatment led to ROS production in somal mitochondria. Inhibition of secretory PLA2-IIA (i) reduced the generation of ROS after glutamate treatment, (ii) reduced the ROS production in peripheral mitochondria in glutamate-treated neurons, consistent with the fact that calcium entry through glutamate (NMDA) receptors has a privileged access to peripheral mitochondria, and (iii) did not reduce the generation of ROS after buffer treatment. In conclusion, activation of NMDA receptors induces ROS, which is critical for neuronal death, due to secretory PLA2-IIA associated with peripheral mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gro H Mathisen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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21
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Ma Z, Pearson E, Tao R. CART peptides increase 5-hydroxytryptamine in the dorsal raphe and nucleus accumbens of freely behaving rats. Neurosci Lett 2007; 417:303-7. [PMID: 17346884 PMCID: PMC4242193 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptides (CART) are implicated in the antidepressant effect. This may involve in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the CNS. The aim of the present studies was to investigate the effect of CART peptides on extracellular 5-HT in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) using a microdialysis approach in freely behaving rats. Reverse infusion of CART61-102 in the DRN produced a concentration (10-100 microM) -dependent increase in 5-HT in the DRN. Similarly, CART62-76 (10-100 microM) infused into the DRN and NAcc elevated 5-HT in the DRN and NAcc, respectively. Thus, CART increases extracellular 5-HT in both the DRN and NAcc. In addition, infusion of CART62-76 (100 microM) in the DRN produced a significant increase in 5-HT in the NAcc, implying an existence of CART receptors responsible for the depolarization-dependent release. In summary, the results of the present studies suggest that CART peptides may have an antidepressant effect through increases in extracellular 5-HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA
| | - Elliot Pearson
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA
| | - Rui Tao
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA
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22
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Finberg JPM, Sader-Mazbar O. Modification of L-DOPA pharmacological activity by MAO inhibitors. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2007; 114:801-5. [PMID: 17417741 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-007-0691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine behaves mainly as a MAO-A substrate in rodent brain, but selective inhibition of MAO-B results in an increased turning activity following L-DOPA administration in hemi-Parkinsonian rodents. Unilateral substantia nigra dopaminergic denervation results in serotonergic hyper-innervation which may increase the contribution of MAO-A in the denervated striatum. Possibly as a result of this, there was no change in striatal MAO-A activity when 95% of dopaminergic innervation was reduced by 6-hydroxydopamine, as assessed by apomorphine-induced turning activity. MAO-B as well as MAO-A may contribute to deamination of dopamine produced from L-DOPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P M Finberg
- Pharmacology Department, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
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23
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Youdim MBH, Edmondson D, Tipton KF. The therapeutic potential of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Nat Rev Neurosci 2006; 7:295-309. [PMID: 16552415 DOI: 10.1038/nrn1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 946] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors were among the first antidepressants to be discovered and have long been used as such. It now seems that many of these agents might have therapeutic value in several common neurodegenerative conditions, independently of their inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity. However, many claims and some counter-claims have been made about the physiological importance of these enzymes and the potential of their inhibitors. We evaluate these arguments in the light of what we know, and still have to learn, of the structure, function and genetics of the monoamine oxidases and the disparate actions of their inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa B H Youdim
- Technion-Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, Eve Topf and US National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases.
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24
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Kouzaki H, Suzuki M, Shimizu T, Aimi Y, Ito A, Arai R. Presence of monoamine oxidase type B protein but absence of associated enzyme activity in neurons within the inferior olive nucleus of the rat. Brain Res 2005; 1055:202-7. [PMID: 16098487 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2005] [Revised: 06/30/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A previous study demonstrated that monoamine oxidase type B (MAOB) mRNA is located in the inferior olive complex (IO). The purpose of the present study was to examine whether neuronal cell bodies within the IO also express MAOB protein and whether they exhibit associated MAOB enzyme activity. Using immunohistochemistry and enzyme histochemistry, we demonstrated that IO neuronal cell bodies were positive for MAOB immunohistochemistry but negative for MAOB enzyme histochemistry. These findings indicate that IO neuronal cell bodies express MAOB mRNA and produce MAOB protein but curiously do not exhibit MAOB enzyme activity, as might be expected. The mechanism responsible for the failure of MAOB protein to result in enzymatic activity in IO neuronal cell bodies is clearly of significance in terms of functionality but remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kouzaki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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25
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Huang YH, Ito A, Arai R. Immunohistochemical localization of monoamine oxidase type B in pancreatic islets of the rat. J Histochem Cytochem 2005; 53:1149-58. [PMID: 15923360 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.5a6658.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is regarded as a mitochondrial enzyme. This enzyme localizes on the outer membrane of mitochondria. There are two kinds of MAO isozymes, MAO type A (MAOA) and type B (MAOB). Previous studies have shown that MAOB activity is found in the pancreatic islets. This activity in the islets is increased by the fasting-induced decrease of plasma glucose level. Islet B cells contain monoamines in their secretory granules. These monoamines inhibit the secretion of insulin from the B cells. MAOB is active in degrading monoamines. Therefore, MAOB may influence the insulin-secretory process by regulating the stores of monoamines in the B cells. However, it has not been determined whether MAOB is localized on B cells or other cell types of the islets. In the present study, we used both double-labeling immunofluorescence histochemical and electron microscopic immunohistochemical methods to examine the subcellular localization of MAOB in rat pancreatic islets. MAOB was found in the mitochondrial outer membranes of glucagon-secreting cells (A cells), insulin-secreting cells (B cells), and some pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-secreting cells (PP cells), but no MAOB was found in somatostatin-secreting cells (D cells), nor in certain other PP cells. There were two kinds of mitochondria in pancreatic islet B cells: one contains MAOB on their outer membranes, but a substantial proportion of them lack this enzyme. Our findings indicate that pancreatic islet B cells contain MAOB on their mitochondrial outer membranes, and this enzyme may be involved in the regulation of monoamine levels and insulin secretion in the B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hong Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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26
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Okauchi H, Nakajima S, Tani T, Ito A, Arai R. Immunocytochemical localization of monoamine oxidase type B in enterochromaffin-like cells of rat oxyntic mucosa. Histochem Cell Biol 2004; 121:181-8. [PMID: 14986002 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-004-0622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We used immunohistochemistry to identify the localization of monoamine oxidase type B (MAOB) in the rat oxyntic mucosa. At light microscopic levels, MAOB-immunopositive cells were mostly located in the basal half of the oxyntic mucosa. By a double-labeling immunofluorescence method, it was shown that MAOB immunoreactivity was localized in almost all of histidine decarboxylase (HDC)-positive cells. Only a few MAOB-positive cells were negative for HDC. At electron microscopic levels, immunohistochemical reaction products of MAOB were detected on the mitochondrial outer membranes in cells that showed morphological characteristics of enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells. These findings indicate that ECL cells contain MAOB in the rat. We provide a hypothesis that MAOB is involved in the inactivation mechanism of histamine that is released from ECL cells and activates parietal cells to secrete gastric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Okauchi
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, 520-2192, Shiga, Japan
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27
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Xu Y, Ito A, Arai R. Immunohistochemical Localization of Monoamine Oxidase Type B in the Taste Bud of the Rat. Neurotoxicology 2004; 25:149-54. [PMID: 14697889 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-813x(03)00116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have used immunohistochemistry to examine the subcellular localization of monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) in the taste bud of the rat circumvallate papilla. Electron microscopy showed that MAO-B was localized to the outer membranes of mitochondria in nerve terminals of afferent and efferent fibers, as well as in taste bud cells. MAO-B also existed on the mitochondrial outer membranes within myelinated and unmyelinated axons in the lamina propria beneath the taste bud. It is suggested that MAO-B-containing mitochondria are localized in peripheral branches and their terminals of sensory neurons for taste. The present study is the first to reveal the localization of MAO-B in sensory organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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28
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Xu Y, Yoshitake K, Ito A, Arai R. Monoamine Oxidase Type B is Localized to Mitochondrial Outer Membranes in Mast Cells, Schwann Cells, Endothelial Cells and Fibroblasts of the Rat Tongue. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2002. [DOI: 10.1267/ahc.35.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Kazusada Yoshitake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Akio Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University
| | - Ryohachi Arai
- Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science
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