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Xing H, Huang Y, Kunkemoeller BH, Dahl PJ, Muraleetharan O, Malvankar NS, Murrell MP, Kyriakides TR. Dysregulation of TSP2-Rac1-WAVE2 axis in diabetic cells leads to cytoskeletal disorganization, increased cell stiffness, and dysfunction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22474. [PMID: 36577792 PMCID: PMC9797577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are a major cell population that perform critical functions in the wound healing process. In response to injury, they proliferate and migrate into the wound space, engaging in extracellular matrix (ECM) production, remodeling, and contraction. However, there is limited knowledge of how fibroblast functions are altered in diabetes. To address this gap, several state-of-the-art microscopy techniques were employed to investigate morphology, migration, ECM production, 2D traction, 3D contraction, and cell stiffness. Analysis of cell-derived matrix (CDM) revealed that diabetic fibroblasts produce thickened and less porous ECM that hindered migration of normal fibroblasts. In addition, diabetic fibroblasts were found to lose spindle-like shape, migrate slower, generate less traction force, exert limited 3D contractility, and have increased cell stiffness. These changes were due, in part, to a decreased level of active Rac1 and a lack of co-localization between F-actin and Waskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family verprolin homologous protein 2 (WAVE2). Interestingly, deletion of thrombospondin-2 (TSP2) in diabetic fibroblasts rescued these phenotypes and restored normal levels of active Rac1 and WAVE2-F-actin co-localization. These results provide a comprehensive view of the extent of diabetic fibroblast dysfunction, highlighting the regulatory role of the TSP2-Rac1-WAVE2-actin axis, and describing a new function of TSP2 in regulating cytoskeleton organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Yaqing Huang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Britta H Kunkemoeller
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Peter J Dahl
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, USA.,Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | | | - Nikhil S Malvankar
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, USA.,Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Michael P Murrell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, USA.,Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, USA.,Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Themis R Kyriakides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, USA. .,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, USA.
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Gerasymchuk M, Robinson GI, Kovalchuk O, Kovalchuk I. The Effects of Nutrient Signaling Regulators in Combination with Phytocannabinoids on the Senescence-Associated Phenotype in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 35955938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying effective anti-aging compounds is a cornerstone of modern longevity, aging, and skin-health research. There is considerable evidence of the effectiveness of nutrient signaling regulators such as metformin, resveratrol, and rapamycin in longevity and anti-aging studies; however, their potential protective role in skin aging is controversial. In light of the increasing appearance of phytocannabinoids in beauty products without rigorous research on their rejuvenation efficacy, we decided to investigate the potential role of phytocannabinoids in combination with nutrient signaling regulators in skin rejuvenation. Utilizing CCD-1064Sk skin fibroblasts, the effect of metformin, triacetylresveratrol, and rapamycin combined with phytocannabinoids on cellular viability, functional activity, metabolic function, and nuclear architecture was tested. We found triacetylresveratrol combined with cannabidiol increased the viability of skin fibroblasts (p < 0.0001), restored wound-healing functional activity (p < 0.001), reduced metabolic dysfunction, and ameliorated nuclear eccentricity and circularity in senescent fibroblasts (p < 0.01). Conversely, metformin with or without phytocannabinoids did not show any beneficial effects on functional activity, while rapamycin inhibited cell viability (p < 0.01) and the speed of wound healing (p < 0.001). Therefore, triacetylresveratrol and cannabidiol can be a valuable source of biologically active substances used in aging and more studies using animals to confirm the efficacy of cannabidiol combined with triacetylresveratrol should be performed.
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Magalhães S, Almeida I, Pereira CD, Rebelo S, Goodfellow BJ, Nunes A. The Long-Term Culture of Human Fibroblasts Reveals a Spectroscopic Signature of Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105830. [PMID: 35628639 PMCID: PMC9146002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process which leads to progressive loss of fitness/capability/ability, increasing susceptibility to disease and, ultimately, death. Regardless of the organism, there are some features common to aging, namely, the loss of proteostasis and cell senescence. Mammalian cell lines have been used as models to study the aging process, in particular, cell senescence. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the senescence-associated metabolic profile of a long-term culture of human fibroblasts using Fourier Transform Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. We sub-cultivated fibroblasts from a newborn donor from passage 4 to passage 17 and the results showed deep changes in the spectroscopic profile of cells over time. Late passage cells were characterized by a decrease in the length of fatty acid chains, triglycerides and cholesterol and an increase in lipid unsaturation. We also found an increase in the content of intermolecular β-sheets, possibly indicating an increase in protein aggregation levels in cells of later passages. Metabolic profiling by NMR showed increased levels of extracellular lactate, phosphocholine and glycine in cells at later passages. This study suggests that spectroscopy approaches can be successfully used to study changes concomitant with cell senescence and validate the use of human fibroblasts as a model to monitor the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Magalhães
- iBiMED—Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.M.); (I.A.); (C.D.P.); (S.R.)
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Idália Almeida
- iBiMED—Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.M.); (I.A.); (C.D.P.); (S.R.)
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Cátia D. Pereira
- iBiMED—Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.M.); (I.A.); (C.D.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- iBiMED—Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.M.); (I.A.); (C.D.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Brian J. Goodfellow
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Alexandra Nunes
- iBiMED—Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.M.); (I.A.); (C.D.P.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-234-324-435
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Mangali S, Bhat A, Dasari D, Sriram D, Dhar A. Inhibition of double stranded RNA dependent protein kinase (PKR) abrogates isoproterenol induced myocardial ischemia in vitro in cultured cardiomyocytes and in vivo in wistar rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174223. [PMID: 34081906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase R (PKR) plays a main role in inflammation, insulin resistance, and glucose balance. It is activated by various stress signals and is key mediators of diabetes and associated complications. In the present study, we investigated the effect of PKR inhibition on myocardial dysfunction, inflammatory, cell death and interrelated signalling pathways in isoproterenol induced myocardial ischemia in vivo in wistar rats and in vitro in cultured cardiomyocytes. H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes were treated with 10 μM Isoproterenol (ISO). For in vivo studies, rats were divided into 4 groups: control, ischemic group (ISO), preventive group, curative group and each group consist of 8 rats. Myocardial Ischemia (MI) was induced with two subsequent doses of ISO (100 mg/kg, s.c.). The rats were treated with PKR inhibitor, C16 (166.5 μg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days. Heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures were measured by non-invasive BP apparatus. Cardiac biomarkers were measured by commercial kits. Ischemic Zone, Morphological abnormalities and fibrosis of heart was detected by TTC, haematoxylin & eosin staining, Masson's and Sirius red staining respectively. Protein expression was done by western blotting and immune histochemistry. mRNA expression was done by RT-PCR. MI was characterized by declined myocardial performance along with elevation of cardiac biomarkers and associated with increased expression of PKR, oxidative-nitrosative stress, activated various inflammatory pathways (nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells -NF-κB); Mitogen-activated protein kinases-MAPK; c-Jun N-terminal kinase-JNK), increased expression of inflammatory markers (Tumour necrosis factor alpha-TNF-α), markers of fibrosis (Alpha smooth muscle actin -α-SMA; Transforming growth factor beta-TGF-β), enhanced cell death (Ischemic zone) and increased expression of extracellular regulated-kinases (ERK-1/2) and advanced glycation end products (AGE's). Interestingly, inhibition of PKR attenuated myocardial dysfunction, cardiac fibrosis, oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammation, cell death, and inter-related signalling pathways. Our findings report that inhibition of PKR improves the ischemic mediated inflammation, apoptosis, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in MI induced rats. Hence, inhibition of PKR might be one of intervention therapy for the treatment of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshbabu Mangali
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Audesh Bhat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, India
| | - Deepika Dasari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Arti Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India.
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5
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Mangali S, Bhat A, Jadhav K, Kalra J, Sriram D, Vamsi Krishna Venuganti V, Dhar A. Upregulation of PKR pathway mediates glucolipotoxicity induced diabetic cardiomyopathy in vivo in wistar rats and in vitro in cultured cardiomyocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Lebedev DA, Lyasnikova EA, Vasilyeva EY, Babenko AY, Shlyakhto EV. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Heart Failure with Midrange and Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Focus on Serum Biomarkers of Fibrosis. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:6976153. [PMID: 33224989 PMCID: PMC7669344 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6976153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As myocardial fibrosis might be an important contributor to the association of diabetes mellitus with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and chronic heart failure (HF), we investigated the profile of some proinflammatory, profibrotic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at various stages of the cardiovascular disease continuum from absence of clinic since and symptoms to HF with preserved (HFpEF) and midrange ejection fraction (HFmrEF). Material and Methods. Sixty-two patients with T2DM (age 60 [55; 61]), 20 patients without clinical manifestations of HF and 2 groups with clinical manifestations of stable HF, 29 patients with HFpEF, and 13 patients with HFmrEF, were included in the study. The control group consisted of 13 healthy subjects and normal BMI. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography, laboratory assessment of N-terminal fragment of the brain natriuretic peptide (Nt-proBNP), highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (sST2), galectin-3, C-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (PICP), N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III (PIIINP), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of matrix proteinase-1 (TIMP-1). Results. Patients with HFmrEF had higher values of LV volumetric parameters, indexed parameters of LV myocardial mass (LVMM), and higher concentrations of Nt-proBNP (all p < 0.05). The concentrations of galectin-3 were greater in patients with HFpEF and HFmrEF compared to patients without HF (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). PICP and PICP/PIIINP ratio were greater in patients with HFmrEF compared to patients with HFpEF (p = 0.043 and p = 0.033, respectively). In patients with T2DM and HF, a relationship was found between galectin-3 and LVMM/body surface area (r = -0.58, p = 0.001), PIIINP, TIMP-1, and LV end-diastolic volume (r = -0.68 and p = 0.042 and r = 0.38 and p = 0.02, respectively). Conclusion. The dynamics at various stages of the cardiovascular disease continuum in the serum fibrosis markers may reflect an increase in fibrotic and decrease in antifibrotic processes already at the preclinical stage of HF. At the same time, the changes found in the circulating procollagen levels may indicate a shift in balance towards type I collagen synthesis in HFmrEF compared with HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Lebedev
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. A. Lyasnikova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. Yu Vasilyeva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A. Yu Babenko
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. V. Shlyakhto
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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7
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Sagheddu R, Chiappalupi S, Salvadori L, Riuzzi F, Donato R, Sorci G. Targeting RAGE as a potential therapeutic approach to Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:3734-3746. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Sagheddu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM)
| | - Sara Chiappalupi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM)
| | - Laura Salvadori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM)
| | - Francesca Riuzzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM)
| | - Rosario Donato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM)
- Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM)
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Soydas T, Yaprak Sarac E, Cinar S, Dogan S, Solakoglu S, Tuncdemir M, Kanigur Sultuybek G. The protective effects of metformin in an in vitro model of aging 3T3 fibroblast under the high glucose conditions. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 74:273-281. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Kido D, Mizutani K, Takeda K, Mikami R, Matsuura T, Iwasaki K, Izumi Y. Impact of diabetes on gingival wound healing via oxidative stress. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189601. [PMID: 29267310 PMCID: PMC5739411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms linking high glucose to gingival wound healing. Bilateral wounds were created in the palatal gingiva adjacent to maxillary molars of control rats and rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. After evaluating postsurgical wound closure by digital imaging, the maxillae including wounds were resected for histological examinations. mRNA expressions of angiogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers in the surgical sites were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Primary fibroblast culture from the gingiva of both rats was performed in high glucose and normal medium. In vitro wound healing and cell proliferation assays were performed. Oxidative stress marker mRNA expressions and reactive oxygen species production were measured. Insulin resistance was evaluated via PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk signaling following insulin stimulation using Western blotting. To clarify oxidative stress involvement in high glucose culture and cells of diabetic rats, cells underwent N-acetyl-L-cysteine treatment; subsequent Akt activity was measured. Wound healing in diabetic rats was significantly delayed compared with that in control rats. Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, p-47, and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA levels were significantly higher at baseline in diabetic rats than in control rats. In vitro study showed that cell proliferation and migration significantly decreased in diabetic and high glucose culture groups compared with control groups. Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, and p47 expressions and reactive oxygen species production were significantly higher in diabetic and high glucose culture groups than in control groups. Akt phosphorylation decreased in the high glucose groups compared with the control groups. Erk1/2 phosphorylation increased in the high glucose groups, with or without insulin treatment, compared with the control groups. Impaired Akt phosphorylation partially normalized after antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine treatment. Thus, delayed gingival wound healing in diabetic rats occurred because of impaired fibroblast proliferation and migration. Fibroblast dysfunction may occur owing to high glucose-induced insulin resistance via oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kido
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kohei Takeda
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risako Mikami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Iwasaki
- Department of Nanomedicine, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Hendudari F, Piryaei A, Hassani SN, Darbandi H, Bayat M. Combined effects of low-level laser therapy and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium on viability of human dermal fibroblasts cultured in a high-glucose medium. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:749-57. [PMID: 26984346 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) exhibited biostimulatory effects on fibroblasts viability. Secretomes can be administered to culture mediums by using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium (BM-MSCs CM). This study investigated the combined effects of LLLT and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (hBM-MSCs CM) on the cellular viability of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), which was cultured in a high-glucose (HG) concentration medium. The HDFs were cultured either in a concentration of physiologic (normal) glucose (NG; 5.5 mM/l) or in HG media (15 mM/l) for 4 days. LLLT was performed with a continuous-wave helium-neon laser (632.8 nm, power density of 0.00185 W/cm(2) and energy densities of 0.5, 1, and 2 J/cm(2)). About 10% of hBM-MSCs CM was added to the HG HDF culture medium. The viability of HDFs was evaluated using dimethylthiazol-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. A significantly higher cell viability was observed when laser of either 0.5 or 1 J/cm(2) was used to treat HG HDFs, compared to the control groups. The cellular viability of HG-treated HDFs was significantly lower compared to the LLLT + HG HDFs, hBM-MSCs CM-treated HG HDFs, and LLLT + hBM-MSCs CM-treated HG HDFs. In conclusion, hBM-MSCs CM or LLLT alone increased the survival of HG HDFs cells. However, the combination of hBM-MSCs CM and LLLT improved these results in comparison to the conditioned medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Hendudari
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1985717443, 19395/4719, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1985717443, 19395/4719, Tehran, Iran. .,Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh-Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Darbandi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bayat
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1985717443, 19395/4719, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Maione AG, Brudno Y, Stojadinovic O, Park LK, Smith A, Tellechea A, Leal EC, Kearney CJ, Veves A, Tomic-Canic M, Mooney DJ, Garlick JA. Three-dimensional human tissue models that incorporate diabetic foot ulcer-derived fibroblasts mimic in vivo features of chronic wounds. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:499-508. [PMID: 25343343 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a major, debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus. Unfortunately, many DFUs are refractory to existing treatments and frequently lead to amputation. The development of more effective therapies has been hampered by the lack of predictive in vitro methods to investigate the mechanisms underlying impaired healing. To address this need for realistic wound-healing models, we established patient-derived fibroblasts from DFUs and site-matched controls and used them to construct three-dimensional (3D) models of chronic wound healing. Incorporation of DFU-derived fibroblasts into these models accurately recapitulated the following key aspects of chronic ulcers: reduced stimulation of angiogenesis, increased keratinocyte proliferation, decreased re-epithelialization, and impaired extracellular matrix deposition. In addition to reflecting clinical attributes of DFUs, the wound-healing potential of DFU fibroblasts demonstrated in this suite of models correlated with in vivo wound closure in mice. Thus, the reported panel of 3D DFU models provides a more biologically relevant platform for elucidating the cell-cell and cell-matrix-related mechanisms responsible for chronic wound pathogenesis and may improve translation of in vitro findings into efficacious clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G Maione
- 1 Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University , Boston, Massachusetts
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Liu Z, Jiang H, Dong K, Liu S, Zhou W, Zhang J, Meng L, Rausch-fan X, Xu X. Different Concentrations of Glucose Regulate Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Osteoblasts Via the PI3 Kinase/Akt Pathway. IMPLANT DENT 2015; 24:83-91. [DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Zhao J, Randive R, Stewart JA. Molecular mechanisms of AGE/RAGE-mediated fibrosis in the diabetic heart. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:860-867. [PMID: 25512788 PMCID: PMC4265872 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i6.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia is one of the main characteristics of diabetes. Persistent exposure to elevated glucose levels has been recognized as one of the major causal factors of diabetic complications. In pathologies, like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), mechanical and biochemical stimuli activate profibrotic signaling cascades resulting in myocardial fibrosis and subsequent impaired cardiac performance due to ventricular stiffness. High levels of glucose nonenzymatically react with long-lived proteins, such as collagen, to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGE-modified collagen increase matrix stiffness making it resistant to hydrolytic turnover, resulting in an accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. AGEs account for many of the diabetic cardiovascular complications through their engagement of the receptor for AGE (RAGE). AGE/RAGE activation stimulates the secretion of numerous profibrotic growth factors, promotes increased collagen deposition leading to tissue fibrosis, as well as increased RAGE expression. To date, the AGE/RAGE cascade is not fully understood. In this review, we will discuss one of the major fibrotic signaling pathways, the AGE/RAGE signaling cascade, as well as propose an alternate pathway via Rap1a that may offer insight into cardiovascular ECM remodeling in T2DM. In a series of studies, we demonstrate a role for Rap1a in the regulation of fibrosis and myofibroblast differentiation in isolated diabetic and non-diabetic fibroblasts. While these studies are still in a preliminary stage, inhibiting Rap1a protein expression appears to down-regulate the molecular switch used to activate the ζ isotype of protein kinase C thereby promote AGE/RAGE-mediated fibrosis.
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Kamel PI, Qu X, Geiszler AM, Nagrath D, Harmancey R, Taegtmeyer H, Grande-Allen KJ. Metabolic regulation of collagen gel contraction by porcine aortic valvular interstitial cells. J R Soc Interface 2014; 11:20140852. [PMID: 25320066 PMCID: PMC4223906 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a high incidence of calcific aortic valve disease in metabolic syndrome, there is little information about the fundamental metabolism of heart valves. Cell metabolism is a first responder to chemical and mechanical stimuli, but it is unknown how such signals employed in valve tissue engineering impact valvular interstitial cell (VIC) biology and valvular disease pathogenesis. In this study porcine aortic VICs were seeded into three-dimensional collagen gels and analysed for gel contraction, lactate production and glucose consumption in response to manipulation of metabolic substrates, including glucose, galactose, pyruvate and glutamine. Cell viability was also assessed in two-dimensional culture. We found that gel contraction was sensitive to metabolic manipulation, particularly in nutrient-depleted medium. Contraction was optimal at an intermediate glucose concentration (2 g l(-1)) with less contraction with excess (4.5 g l(-1)) or reduced glucose (1 g l(-1)). Substitution with galactose delayed contraction and decreased lactate production. In low sugar concentrations, pyruvate depletion reduced contraction. Glutamine depletion reduced cell metabolism and viability. Our results suggest that nutrient depletion and manipulation of metabolic substrates impacts the viability, metabolism and contractile behaviour of VICs. Particularly, hyperglycaemic conditions can reduce VIC interaction with and remodelling of the extracellular matrix. These results begin to link VIC metabolism and macroscopic behaviour such as cell-matrix interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter I Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Xin Qu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Andrew M Geiszler
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Romain Harmancey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Choi S, Choi HJ, Cheong Y, Lim YJ, Park HK. Internal-specific morphological analysis of sciatic nerve fibers in a radiofrequency-induced animal neuropathic pain model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73913. [PMID: 24066083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the reversible effects of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment at 42 °C on the ultrastructural and biological changes in nerve and collagen fibers in the progression of neuropathic pain after rat sciatic nerve injury. Assessments of morphological changes in the extracellular matrices by atomic force microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome and picrosirius-red staining as well as the expressions of two fibril-forming collagens, types-I and -III, and two inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6, were evaluated on day 30 after RF exposure. There were four groups for different RF thermal treatments: no treatment, no current, PRF, and continuous RF (CRF). An RF procedure similar to that used in human clinical trials was used in this study. The CRF treatment at 82 °C led to neural and collagen damage by the permanent blockage of sensory nociceptors. The PRF treatment led to excellent performance and high expandability compared to CRF, with effects including slight damage and swelling of myelinated axons, a slightly decreased amount of collagen fibers, swelling of collagen fibril diameters, decreased immunoreactivity of collagen types-I and -III, presence of newly synthesized collagen, and recovery of inflammatory protein immunoreactivity. These evidence-based findings suggest that PRF-based pain relief is responsible for the temporary blockage of nerve signals as well as the preferential destruction of pain-related principal sensory fibers like the Aδ and C fibers. This suggestion can be supported by the interaction between the PRF-induced electromagnetic field and cell membranes; therefore, PRF treatment provides pain relief while allowing retention of some tactile sensation.
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Hutchinson KR, Lord CK, West TA, Stewart JA. Cardiac fibroblast-dependent extracellular matrix accumulation is associated with diastolic stiffness in type 2 diabetes. PLoS One. 2013;8:e72080. [PMID: 23991045 PMCID: PMC3749105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are a leading cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diastolic dysfunction is one of the earliest manifestations of diabetes-induced changes in left ventricular (LV) function, and results from a reduced rate of relaxation and increased stiffness. The mechanisms responsible for increased stiffness are not completely understood. Chronic hyperglycemia, advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), and increased levels of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines are molecular pathways known to be involved in regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and accumulation resulting in increased LV diastolic stiffness. Experiments were conducted using a genetically-induced mouse model of T2DM generated by a point mutation in the leptin receptor resulting in nonfunctional leptin receptors (db/db murine model). This study correlated changes in LV ECM and stiffness with alterations in basal activation of signaling cascades and expression of profibrotic markers within primary cultures of cardiac fibroblasts from diabetic (db/db) mice with nondiabetic (db/wt) littermates as controls. Primary cultures of cardiac fibrobroblasts were maintained in 25 mM glucose (hyperglycemic-HG; diabetic db/db) media or 5 mM glucose (normoglycemic-NG, nondiabetic db/wt) media. The cells then underwent a 24-hour exposure to their opposite (NG; diabetic db/db) media or 5 mM glucose (HG, nondiabetic db/wt) media. Protein analysis demonstrated significantly increased expression of type I collagen, TIMP-2, TGF-β, PAI-1 and RAGE in diabetic db/db cells as compared to nondiabetic db/wt, independent of glucose media concentration. This pattern of protein expression was associated with increased LV collagen accumulation, myocardial stiffness and LV diastolic dysfunction. Isolated diabetic db/db fibroblasts were phenotypically distinct from nondiabetic db/wt fibroblasts and exhibited a profibrotic phenotype in normoglycemic conditions.
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Reichelt ME, Mellor KM, Bell JR, Chandramouli C, Headrick JP, Delbridge LMD. Sex, sex steroids, and diabetic cardiomyopathy: making the case for experimental focus. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H779-92. [PMID: 23792676 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00141.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
More than three decades ago, the Framingham study revealed that cardiovascular risk is elevated for all diabetics and that this jeopardy is substantially accentuated for women in particular. Numerous studies have subsequently documented worsened cardiac outcomes for women. Given that estrogen and insulin exert major regulatory effects through common intracellular signaling pathways prominent in maintenance of cardiomyocyte function, a sex-hormone:diabetic-disease interaction is plausible. Underlying aspects of female cardiovascular pathophysiology that exaggerate cardiovascular diabetic risk may be identified, including increased vulnerability to coronary microvascular disease, age-dependent impairment of insulin-sensitivity, and differential susceptibility to hyperglycemia. Since Framingham, considerable progress has been made in the development of experimental models of diabetic disease states, including a diversity of genetic rodent models. Ample evidence indicates that animal models of both type 1 and 2 diabetes variably recapitulate aspects of diabetic cardiomyopathy including diastolic and systolic dysfunction, and cardiac structural pathology including fibrosis, loss of compliance, and in some instances ventricular hypertrophy. Perplexingly, little of this work has explored the relevance and mechanisms of sexual dimorphism in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Only a small number of experimental studies have addressed this question, yet the prospects for gaining important mechanistic insights from further experimental enquiry are considerable. The case for experimental interrogation of sex differences, and of sex steroid influences in the aetiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy, is particularly compelling-providing incentive for future investigation with ultimate therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Reichelt
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Esmaeelinejad M, Bayat M, Darbandi H, Bayat M, Mosaffa N. The effects of low-level laser irradiation on cellular viability and proliferation of human skin fibroblasts cultured in high glucose mediums. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 29:121-9. [PMID: 23455657 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Delayed wound healing is one of the most challenging complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) in clinical medicine. This study has aimed to evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) cultured in a high glucose concentration. HSFs were cultured either in a concentration of physiologic glucose (5.5 mM/l) or high glucose media (11.1 and 15 mM/l) for either 1 or 2 weeks after which they were subsequently cultured in either the physiologic glucose or high concentration glucose media during laser irradiation. LLLT was carried out with a helium-neon (He-Ne) laser unit at energy densities of 0.5, 1, and 2 J/cm(2), and power density of 0.66 mW/cm(2) on 3 consecutive days. HSFs' viability and proliferation rate were evaluated with the dimethylthiazol-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The LLLT at densities of 0.5 and 1 J/cm(2) had stimulatory effects on the viability and proliferation rate of HSFs cultured in physiologic glucose (5.5 mM/l) medium compared to their control cultures (p = 0.002 and p = 0.046, respectively). All three doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 J/cm(2) had stimulatory effects on the proliferation rate of HSFs cultured in high glucose concentrations when compared to their control cultures (p = 0.042, p = 0.000, and p = 0.000, respectively). This study showed that HSFs originally cultured for 2 weeks in high glucose concentration followed by culture in physiologic glucose during laser irradiation showed enhanced cell viability and proliferation. Thus, LLLT had a stimulatory effect on these HSFs.
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Sihem B, Leila S, Kheira O, Samia N, Nadjiba H, Saliha B, Abdelhamid S, Ghouti K, Mahdi HE, Yasmina B, Souhila AB. Impact of glucotoxicity induced <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> in <i>Psammomys obesus</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jdm.2012.21010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jellis C, Wright J, Kennedy D, Sacre J, Jenkins C, Haluska B, Martin J, Fenwick J, Marwick TH. Association of imaging markers of myocardial fibrosis with metabolic and functional disturbances in early diabetic cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 4:693-702. [PMID: 21946703 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.111.963587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic and vascular disturbances contribute to diabetic cardiomyopathy, but the role of interstitial fibrosis in early disease is unproven. We sought to assess the relationship between imaging markers of diffuse fibrosis and myocardial dysfunction and to link this to possible causes of early diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Hemodynamic and metabolic data were measured in 67 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (age 60±10 years) with no cardiac symptoms. Myocardial function was evaluated with standard echocardiography and myocardial deformation; ischemia was excluded by exercise echocardiography. Calibrated integrated backscatter was calculated from parasternal long-axis views. T1 mapping was performed after contrast with a modified Look-Locker technique using saturation recovery images. Amino-terminal propeptides of procollagens type I and III, as well as the carboxy-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I, were assayed to determine collagen turnover. Subjects with abnormal early diastolic tissue velocity (E(m)) had shorter postcontrast T1 values (P=0.042) and higher calibrated integrated backscatter (P=0.007). They were heavier (P=0.003) and had worse exercise capacity (P<0.001), lower insulin sensitivity (P=0.003), and blunted systolic tissue velocity (P=0.05). Postcontrast T1 was associated with diastolic dysfunction (E(m) r=0.28, P=0.020; E/E(m) r=-0.24, P=0.049), impaired exercise capacity (r=0.30, P=0.016), central adiposity (r=-0.26, P=0.046), blood pressure (systolic r=-0.30, P=0.012; diastolic r=-0.49, P<0.001), and insulin sensitivity (r=0.30, P=0.037). The association of T1 with E/E(m) (β=-0.31, P=0.017) was independent of blood pressure and metabolic disturbance. Amino-terminal propeptide of procollagens type III was linked to diastolic dysfunction (E(m) r=-0.32, P=0.008) and calibrated integrated backscatter (r=0.30, P=0.015) but not T1 values. CONCLUSIONS The association between myocardial diastolic dysfunction, postcontrast T1 values, and metabolic disturbance supports that diffuse myocardial fibrosis is an underlying contributor to early diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Lee KH, Choi EM. Myricetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, prevents 2-deoxy-D-ribose induced dysfunction and oxidative damage in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 591:1-6. [PMID: 18599037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Myricetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, was investigated to determine whether it could protect osteoblasts from 2-deoxy-d-ribose induced dysfunction and oxidative damage in the MC3T3-E1 cells. MC3T3-E1 cells were incubated with 2-deoxy-d-ribose and/or myricetin, and markers of osteoblast function and oxidative damage were examined. Compared with control incubation, 2-deoxy-d-ribose significantly (P<0.05) inhibited alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen content, and calcium deposition at the concentration of 20 mM. Cellular malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, and advanced oxidation protein products contents were significantly (P<0.05) increased in the presence of 2-deoxy-d-ribose (20 mM). Myricetin significantly (P<0.05) increased cell survival, ALP activity, collagen, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and calcium deposition and decreased MDA, protein carbonyl, and advanced oxidation protein products contents of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells in the presence of 20 mM 2-deoxy-d-ribose. These results demonstrate that myricetin attenuates 2-deoxy-d-ribose induced damage, suggesting that myricetin may be a useful dietary supplement for minimizing oxidative injury in diabetes related bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Lee
- Department of Food Service Management, College of Hotel and Tourism Management, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Zhang X, Stewart JA, Kane ID, Massey EP, Cashatt DO, Carver WE. Effects of elevated glucose levels on interactions of cardiac fibroblasts with the extracellular matrix. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2007; 43:297-305. [PMID: 17849168 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-007-9052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of fibroblasts to high glucose levels promotes a fibrotic response characterized by increased expression of extracellular matrix components including interstitial collagens. Little is known about the effects of glucose levels on other aspects of fibroblast function. Fibroblasts in the myocardium are surrounded by an extensive extracellular matrix composed predominantly of type I collagen. Interactions between fibroblasts and the myocardial extracellular matrix are thought to affect heart function by altering ventricular diastolic properties. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of elevated glucose levels on the interactions between heart fibroblasts and the collagenous extracellular matrix. Studies were performed to determine the effects of relative glucose levels on the ability of fibroblasts to migrate on and contract a three-dimensional collagenous substratum. These experiments illustrated that exposure of cardiac fibroblasts to high glucose levels (25 mM) resulted in decreased migratory activity of fibroblasts on a collagen matrix and decreased fibroblast proliferation. In addition, high glucose stimulated collagen and collagen-binding integrin expression and contraction of three-dimensional collagen gels by cardiac fibroblasts. These studies illustrate that altered glucose levels induce important changes in the interactions of cardiac fibroblasts with the collagenous extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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Yevdokimova N, Podpryatov S. The up-regulation of angiotensin II receptor type 1 and connective tissue growth factor are involved in high-glucose-induced fibronectin production by cultured human dermal fibroblasts. J Dermatol Sci 2007; 47:127-39. [PMID: 17399955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expansion of extracellular matrix in diabetes occur in many tissues, including skin, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We were interested to study whether the activation of angiotensin II/receptor type 1 pathway with the consequent involvement of CTGF may be the possible cause of high-glucose-induced matrix abnormalities in cultured dermal fibroblasts. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the effect of high glucose on the generation of angiotensin II and the expression of angiotensin II receptors, and on the expression of CTGF mediating the fibronectin production in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. METHODS Cell culturing, ELISA, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting. RESULTS High glucose treatment of cultured dermal fibroblasts led to: (1) the angiotensin II receptor type 1 was up-regulated at the level of mRNA and protein, unlike the receptor type 2; (2) the generation of angiotensin II and the mRNA expression of all components of the local renin-angiotensin system were not altered; (3) the mRNA and protein expression of CTGF was up-regulated, and this effect was cancelled by losartan; (4) the fibronectin production was increased, also was cancelled by losartan, while an anti-CTGF-neutralizing antibody only partly reduced it; (5) TGFbeta1 expression, the secretion of total and active TGFbeta1 were not changed; (6) the hyperosmotic action of high glucose had no effect. CONCLUSION The up-regulation of angiotensin II receptor type 1 and the consequent increase of CTGF expression, independently of TGFbeta1, participate in high-glucose-induced fibronectin production in cultured human dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Yevdokimova
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovich Str., 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine.
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Tang M, Zhang W, Lin H, Jiang H, Dai H, Zhang Y. High glucose promotes the production of collagen types I and III by cardiac fibroblasts through a pathway dependent on extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 301:109-14. [PMID: 17206378 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia promotes fibrosis by increasing collagen synthesis, a process involving mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Several studies of diabetic cardiomyopathy have demonstrated an accumulation of collagen, including collagen types I and III, in the myocardium, leading to interstitial fibrosis, which is related to left-ventricular diastolic dysfunction. However, the mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts are poorly defined. In the present study, neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts treated with high glucose (25 mM) were assessed by real time PCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed an increase in both the mRNA and protein level of collagen types I and III. These effects were not due to changes in osmotic pressure. Extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) was activated by high glucose level (25 mM), and treatment with PD98059 to block ERK phosphorylation significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of collagen types I and III. These results suggest that high glucose accelerates the synthesis of collagen types I and III, and an ERK1/2 cascade in cardiac fibroblasts play an essential role in the control of collagen deposition by high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Public Health, Jinan, China
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Lippiello L. Collagen Synthesis in tenocytes, ligament cells and chondrocytes exposed to a combination of Glucosamine HCl and chondroitin sulfate. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2006; 4:219-24. [PMID: 17549239 PMCID: PMC1876619 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nel081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical testing of the nutraceuticals glucosamine (glcN) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) has shown efficacy in providing relief from symptoms in osteoarthritic patients. In vitro and in vivo studies support existence of a synergistic relationship upregulating synthetic activity in chondrocytes. A combination of glcN and CS may also be useful as adjunct therapy in sports-related injuries if similar upregulation of collagen synthesis is elicited in accessory ligament and tendon joint tissue. Collagen and non-collagenous protein (NCP) synthesis in cultures of bovine tenocytes, ligament cells and chondrocytes exposed to glcN + CS were assayed by uptake of radiolabeled proline into collagenase-sensitive material. Assay of radiolabel in hydroxyproline (a specific marker for collagen synthesis) following HPLC isolation confirmed the specificity of the metabolic effect. Synthesis of total collagenase-sensitive material was maximally upregulated at physiologically obtainable doses of glcN + CS. Tissue response followed the sequence ligament cells (+69%) > chondrocytes (+56%) > tenocytes (+22%). Labeled hydroxyproline increased by 132% in ligament cells, 27% in tenocytes and 49% in epitendon cells after a 48 h exposure to 5 μg ml−1 glcN + 4 μg ml−1 CS. Low dose combinations of glcN and CS effectively stimulate in vitro collagen and NCP synthesis by ligament cells, tenocytes and chondrocytes. Hence, therapeutic use following accessory joint tissue trauma may help augment repair processes.
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Layton BE, Sastry AM. Equal and local-load-sharing micromechanical models for collagens: quantitative comparisons in response of non-diabetic and diabetic rat tissue. Acta Biomater 2006; 2:595-607. [PMID: 16905373 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2006.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 05/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemical crosslinks in collagens resulting from binding of advanced glycation end-products, have long been presumed to alter the stiffness and permeability of glycated tissues. Recently, we developed a stochastic mechanical model for the response and failure of uniaxially deformed sciatic nerve tissue from diabetic and control rats. Here, we use our model to determine the likely correlation of fibril glycation with failure response, by quantifying statistical differences in their response. Our four-parameter model describes both the non-linear toe region and non-linear failure region of these tissues; the four parameters consist of (1) collagen fibril alignment, (2) fiber bundle waviness, (3) Weibull shape parameter for fibrillar strength, and (4) modulus-normalized Weibull scale parameter for fibrillar strength. Using an equal load sharing model we find that diabetic and control tissues had shape parameters of 9.88+/-5.50 and 4.33+/-3.67 (p=0.043), respectively, and scale parameters of 0.28+/-0.07 and 0.58+/-0.25 (p=0.033), respectively, implying that the diabetic tissue behaves in a more brittle manner, consistent with more highly crosslinked fibrils. We conclude that biochemical crosslinking directly affects measured mechanical properties. Further, this mechanical characterization may prove useful in mapping alterations in stiffness and permeability observed in glycated tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley E Layton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Robert L, Menasche M, Robert AM, Renard G. Effect of High Glucose Concentration on Corneal Collagen Biosynthesis. Ophthalmologica 2006; 220:317-22. [PMID: 16954709 DOI: 10.1159/000094622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/29/2005] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of high glucose concentration (3 g/l) on bovine corneal total protein and collagen biosynthesis was studied, using 3H-proline incorporation in explant cultures with protein and collagen determinations. The high glucose concentration increased the incorporation of 3H-proline in total corneal proteins as well as in collagens. The specific radioactivity of stromal collagens was strongly increased in these conditions. Mannitol was used to control the osmotic effect of the high glucose concentration, both at 1 and 3 g/l concentrations. Mannitol did not increase the incorporation of 3H-proline in total proteins or collagens, but on the contrary decreased it. The high glucose concentration decreased the excretion of neosynthesized proteins and collagens in the culture medium, but did not affect the total protein or collagen content of the corneas. The strong increase in the specific radioactivity of corneal collagens in the presence of 3 g/l glucose suggests an increased turnover of collagens in diabetic corneas. The increased biosynthesis of collagens together with their decreased elimination in the extracellular compartment can create the conditions for the formation and accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts by the Maillard reaction. This can induce and stimulate the liquefaction of the vitreous body leading to sight-threatening disorders such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, glaucoma, cataract formation and age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Robert
- Laboratoire de Recherche Ophtalmologique, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France.
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Alla F, Kearney-Schwartz A, Radauceanu A, Das Dores S, Dousset B, Zannad F. Early changes in serum markers of cardiac extra-cellular matrix turnover in patients with uncomplicated hypertension and type II diabetes. Eur J Heart Fail 2005; 8:147-53. [PMID: 16198628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2005] [Revised: 05/11/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover is a major determinant of diastolic dysfunction and pumping capacity, thus potentially contributing to the progression of congestive heart failure (CHF). Patients with both arterial hypertension and diabetes have a high risk of heart failure. Whether these patients have changes in cardiac ECM has not been studied previously. Our objective was to compare blood markers of collagen turnover among patients with CHF, patients with hypertension and type II diabetes (HD), and healthy individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS Measurements were performed in 239 CHF patients; 64 HD patients and 92 healthy subjects. We showed by adjusted ANOVA that PIIINP levels were significantly higher in CHF and HD patients than in controls, and higher in CHF patients than in HD patients. MMP1 levels were significantly lower in CHF and HD patients than in controls. Collagen type I markers (PICP and PINP) were not influenced by CHF but were lower in HD patients as compared to controls (p<0.05 for all comparisons). CONCLUSION In heart failure, markers of cardiac collagen synthesis are increased and markers of degradation are decreased, potentially contributing to cardiac fibrosis and thus to poor outcome. Changes in collagen turnover may also occur early in the disease process in high-risk patients before heart failure is clinically detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Alla
- Epidemiology Department (EA 3444), University Hospital, Nancy, France
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30
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Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy affects approximately 50% of the 15 million Americans with diabetes. It has been suggested that mechanical effects related to collagen glycation are related to the permanence of neuropathy. In the present paper, we develop a model for load transfer in a whole nerve, using a simple pressure vessel approximation, in order to assess the significant of stiffening of the collagenous nerve sheath on endoneurial fluid pressure. We also develop a fibril-scale mechanics model for the nerve, to model the straightening of wavy fibrils, producing the toe region observed in nerve tissue, and also to interrogate the effects of interfibrillar crosslinks on the overall properties of the tissue. Such collagen crosslinking has been implicated in complications in diabetic tissues. Our fibril-scale model uses a two-parameter Weibull model for fibril strength, in combination with statistical parameters describing fibril modulus, angle, wave-amplitude, and volume fraction to capture both toe region and failure region behavior of whole rat sciatic nerve. The extrema of equal and local load-sharing assumptions are used to map potential differences in diabetic and nondiabetic tissues. This work may ultimately be useful in differentiating between the responses of normal and heavily crosslinked tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Layton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA
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Asbun J, Manso AM, Villarreal FJ. Profibrotic influence of high glucose concentration on cardiac fibroblast functions: effects of losartan and vitamin E. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 288:H227-34. [PMID: 15345478 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00340.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Long-standing diabetes can result in the development of cardiomyopathy, which can be accompanied by myocardial fibrosis. Although exposure of cultured kidney and skin fibroblasts to high glucose (HG) concentration is known to increase collagen synthesis, little is known about cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). Therefore, we determined the influence of HG conditions on CF functions and the effects of losartan and vitamin E in these responses. We cultured rat CFs in either normal glucose (NG; 5.5 mM) or HG (25 mM) media and assessed changes in protein and collagen synthesis, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, and levels of mRNA for ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptors. Results indicate that HG-level CFs synthesized more protein and collagen, and these effects were not due to changes in osmotic pressure. The addition of ANG II stimulated protein and collagen synthesis in NG-concentration but not HG-concentration CFs. Interestingly, losartan pretreatment blocked the HG- or ANG II-induced increases in both protein and collagen synthesis. HG or ANG II decreased total MMP activity. Decreases in MMP activity were blocked by losartan. AT1 mRNA levels were upregulated with HG concentration. Vitamin E pretreatment blocked the effects of HG on total protein synthesis and stimulated MMP activity. Results suggest that HG levels may promote fibrosis by increasing CF protein and collagen synthesis and decreasing MMP activity. HG levels may cause these effects via the upregulation of AT1 receptors, which can be blocked by losartan. However, vitamin E can alter HG concentration-induced changes in CF functions independently of AT1 mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Asbun
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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Layton BE, Sastry AM, Wang H, Sullivan KA, Feldman EL, Komorowski TE, Philbert MA. Differences between collagen morphologies, properties and distribution in diabetic and normal biobreeding and Sprague–Dawley rat sciatic nerves. J Biomech 2004; 37:879-88. [PMID: 15111075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2003.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Both structural and functional differences between normal and diabetic nerve have been observed, in human patients and animal models. We hypothesize that these structural differences are quantifiable, morphologically and mechanically, with the ultimate aim of understanding the contribution of these differences to permanent nerve damage. The outer collagenous epineurial and perineurial tissues of mammalian peripheral nerves mechanically and chemically shield the conducting axons. We have quantified differences in these collagens, using whole-nerve uniaxial testing, and immunohistochemistry of collagens type I, III, and IV in diabetic and normal nerves. We present results of two studies, on normal and diabetic BioBreeding (BB), and normal, diabetic and weight-controlled Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, respectively. Overall, we measured slightly higher uniaxial moduli (e.g. 5.9 MPa vs. 3.5 MPa, BB; 10.7 MPa vs. 10.0 MPa, SD at 40% strain) in whole nerves as well as higher peak stresses (e.g. 0.99 MPa vs. 0.74 MPa, BB; 2.16 MPa vs. 1.94 MPa, SD at 40% strain) in the diabetics of both animal models. We measured increased concentrations of types III and IV collagens in the diabetics of both models and mixed upregulation results were observed in type I protein levels. We detected small differences in mechanical properties at the tissue scale, though we found significant structural and morphometric differences at the fibril scale. These findings suggest that whole-tissue mechanical testing is not a sufficient assay for collagen glycation, and that fibrillar and molecular scale assays are needed to detect the earliest stages of diabetic protein glycation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Layton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Faury G, Verdetti J, Fülöp T, Robert L. The elastin–laminin receptor-mediated matrix degradation. Effect of glucose concentration. Role in atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 1262:411-3. [DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5131(03)01734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
To elucidate the scientific state of the art with respect to the role of nutrition in skin ageing, nine experts from different disciplines discussed the role of micronutrients on 'oxidative and premature skin ageing'. In this 25th Hohenheim Consensus Meeting, 13 questions were discussed and, based on published valid data, answered by mutual agreement. The consensus answers achieved during the meeting are justified by a scientific background text. The importance of in vitro and in vivo models regarding oxidative and premature skin ageing was critically evaluated. There was a special focus on prevention and intervention of skin ageing with nutrition. Finally, the paper summarizes the scientific background from different areas related to oxidative and premature skin ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Biesalski
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
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35
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Abstract
Elevated glucose level is the main cause of extracellular matrix (ECM) derangement in various tissues in diabetes mellitus. The development of diabetic nephropathy is considered to be dependent on profibrotic cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1). Its excessive activation due to the up-regulation of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in mesangial cells exposed to high glucose contributes to ECM accumulation. However, the role of TSP-1-TGFbeta1 pathway in the development of glucose-induced imbalance of ECM homeostasis in skin connective tissue is not studied. We investigated the response of human skin fibroblasts to elevated glucose level (11.0 and 30.0 mM) in terms of: (1) the expression and secretion of fibronectin (FN) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1); (2) the accumulation of hyaluronic acid (HA) in pericellular matrix and in the conditioned medium; (3) TGFbeta1 expression, secretion and activation; (4) TSP-1 expression and secretion. We demonstrated the up-regulation of FN and PAI-1 by elevated glucose and the stimulation of HA accumulation in both cellular compartments. However, we failed to demonstrate the increase of expression, secretion and activation of TGFbeta1, and the increase of TSP-1 expression and secretion in fibroblasts exposed to high glucose. These results show that ECM derangement in skin fibroblasts due to high glucose is not determined by TGFbeta1 and its activation by TSP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Yu Yevdokimova
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha str., 01030, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Wang H, Layton BE, Sastry AM. Nerve collagens from diabetic and nondiabetic Sprague-Dawley and biobreeding rats: an atomic force microscopy study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2003; 19:288-98. [PMID: 12879406 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in rat's nerve collagens due to diabetes may be related to the permanence of damage due to diabetic neuropathy. We (1) provide a methodology for determining the diameters of collagen fibers accounting for atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging artifacts, (2) present data on structural differences in sciatic nerve endoneurial, epineurial and tail tendon collagens of control and diabetic Sprague-Dawley and BioBreeding rats, and (3) compare results with literature values. METHODS We measured collagen diameters and band spacing on endoneurial and epineurial sciatic nerve tissue, and tail tendon, in control and diabetic rats (STZ-induced 12-week diabetic SD and 16-week spontaneously diabetic BB rats). We also developed a model to interpret the raw AFM data. RESULTS All types of fibrillar collagen diameters studied became larger for diabetic versus control animals. Values for diabetic and control collagen fiber diameters in SD rats were 78 nm and 72 nm for SN epineurium, and 49 nm and 43 nm for SN endoneurium. For diabetic and control BB rats, these values were 83 nm and 77 nm (SN epineurium) and 49 nm and 43 nm (SN endoneurium). Values of 161 nm and 125 nm were found for diabetic and control tail tendon of BB rats. No significant changes were observed in any of the five comparisons made in D-band spacings that ranged from 63 to 69 nm. CONCLUSIONS The best means we have found to reduce raw AFM data is to measure several diameters with a single scan, using valley-to-valley measurements. Structural, fibrillar collagens of the nerve and tendon become larger in rats exposed to prolonged diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Alexakis C, Guettoufi A, Mestries P, Strup C, Mathé D, Barbaud C, Barritault D, Caruelle JP, Kern P. Heparan mimetic regulates collagen expression and TGF-beta1 distribution in gamma-irradiated human intestinal smooth muscle cells. FASEB J 2001; 15:1546-54. [PMID: 11427486 DOI: 10.1096/fj.00-0756com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis is characterized by collagen accumulation, a process in which TGF-beta1 plays a key role. We analyzed the effects of gamma radiation on collagen expression and TGF-beta1 distribution in human intestinal smooth muscle cells (HISM). We investigated the activity of a carboxymethylated and sulfated dextran (RG-1503), exhibiting antifibrotic properties and promoting in vivo intestinal tissue repair, on irradiated HISM. After (60)Co irradiation (10 Gy), HISM were labeled with [(3)H] proline (+/-RG-1503). Radiolabeled collagen I, III, and V were quantified by SDS-PAGE. TGF-beta1 was quantified by ELISA in culture medium, pericellular and intracellular compartments. Irradiation induced a specific 2.85-fold increase in collagen III production by HISM. Collagen V decreased by 80% 72 h after irradiation. Pericellular TGF-beta1 was increased (up to twofold) in irradiated HISM. RG-1503 added before or after irradiation reversed both mRNA and protein levels of collagen III and V to control values. RG-1503 decreased the amount of TGF-beta1 in the cell layer below the control values. Irradiation of HISM induced the development of a fibrotic phenotype in terms of collagen production and TGF-beta1 distribution. The antifibrotic RG-1503 restored HISM physiological characteristics and may represent a promising therapeutic approach for radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alexakis
- CRRET/CNRS UPRESA 7053, Faculté des Sciences de Créteil, Université PARIS-12, France
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Abstract
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, marked by high blood glucose levels and no insulin secretion, is associated with decreased bone mass and increased fracture rates. Analysis of bone histology suggests that osteoblast phenotype and function are influenced by diabetes. To determine if elevated extracellular glucose levels could directly influence osteoblast phenotype we treated mouse osteoblasts, MC3T3-E1 cells, with 22 mM glucose and analyzed osteoblast gene expression. Collagen I mRNA levels significantly increased while osteocalcin mRNA levels decreased 24 h after the addition of glucose. Expression of other genes, actin, osteopontin, and histone H4, was unaffected. Effects on collagen I expression were seen as early as 1 h after treatment. c-Jun, an AP-1 transcription factor involved in the regulation of osteoblast gene expression and growth, was also modulated by glucose. Specifically, an increase in c-jun expression was found at 1 h and maintained for 24 h following glucose treatment. Treatment of osteoblasts with an equal concentration of mannitol completely mimicked glucose treatment effects on collagen I and c-jun expression, demonstrating that osmotic stress rather than glucose metabolism is responsible for the effects on osteoblast gene expression and phenotype. Additional studies using staurosporine and Ro-31-8220 demonstrate that protein kinase C is required for the glucose up regulation of collagen I and c-jun. Taken together, our results demonstrate that osteoblasts respond to increasing extracellular glucose concentration through an osmotic response pathway that is dependent upon protein kinase C activity and results in upregulation of c-jun and modulation of collagen I and osteocalcin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zayzafoon
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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