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Monteiro DC, Ramos CDS, Alves LENN, Cantilino A, Sougey EB. Functional and structural neuroimaging in premenstrual dysphoric disorder: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:205-210. [PMID: 38744159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to summarize the most recent data on changes in brain structure and function in premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) as well as elucidate the possible correlations between these findings and symptom severity. Articles published in PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception until April 2023 were systematically reviewed according to the PICO framework: population (women with PMDD), intervention (neuroimaging study), control (healthy subjects), and outcome (neuroimaging changes). In total, 1026 individuals were included from controlled (n = 22) and non-controlled (n = 2) trials. Among them, 608 had PMDD, and 418 were healthy controls. Different neuroimaging methods were addressed, such as task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resting-state functional MRI, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, proton emission tomography, and structural MRI. Despite the absence of consensual results, several brain structures have been implicated in PMDD, including the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, insula, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. In addition, some brain changes are related to the intensity of symptoms and phases of the menstrual cycle, such as the correlation between depressive symptoms and increased serotonin transporter binding potential in the midbrain during the luteal phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennison Carreiro Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Clarence da Silva Ramos
- Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Amaury Cantilino
- Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Everton Botelho Sougey
- Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Kitagawa M, Abiko K, Sheriff S, Maudsley AA, Li X, Sawamura D, Ahn S, Tha KK. Brain Temperature as an Indicator of Cognitive Function in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients. Metabolites 2023; 14:17. [PMID: 38248820 PMCID: PMC10818445 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Whether brain temperature noninvasively extracted by magnetic resonance imaging has a role in identifying brain changes in the later phases of mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not known. This prospective study aimed to evaluate if TBI patients in subacute and chronic phases had altered brain temperature measured by whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (WB-MRSI) and if the measurable brain temperature had any relationship with cognitive function scores. WB-MRSI was performed on eight TBI patients and fifteen age- and sex-matched control subjects. Brain temperature (T) was extracted from the brain's major metabolites and compared between the two groups. The T of the patients was tested for correlation with cognitive function test scores. The results showed significantly lower brain temperature in the TBI patients (p < 0.05). Brain temperature derived from N-acetylaspartate (TNAA) strongly correlated with the 2 s paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT-2s) score (p < 0.05). The observation of lower brain temperature in TBI patients may be due to decreased metabolic activity resulting from glucose and oxygen depletion. The correlation of brain temperature with PASAT-2s may imply that noninvasive brain temperature may become a noninvasive index reflecting cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Kitagawa
- Laboratory for Biomarker Imaging Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (M.K.); (X.L.)
| | - Kagari Abiko
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan;
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Azabu Neurosurgical Hospital, Sapporo 065-0022, Japan
| | - Sulaiman Sheriff
- Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (S.S.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Andrew A. Maudsley
- Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (S.S.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Xinnan Li
- Laboratory for Biomarker Imaging Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (M.K.); (X.L.)
| | - Daisuke Sawamura
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Hokkaido University Faculty of Health Sciences, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan;
| | - Sinyeob Ahn
- Siemens Healthineers, San Francisco, CA 94553, USA;
| | - Khin Khin Tha
- Laboratory for Biomarker Imaging Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (M.K.); (X.L.)
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Collet S, Bhaduri S, Kiyar M, Van Den Eynde T, Guillamon A, T'Sjoen G, Mueller SC. Testosterone administration affects 1H-MRS metabolite spectra in transgender men. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 156:106337. [PMID: 37536143 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a variety of studies using different neuroimaging techniques attempted to identify the existence of a brain endophenotype in people with gender dysphoria (GD). However, despite mounting neuroimaging work, brain gender differences and effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) at the metabolite level remain understudied. METHODS Thirty-one transgender men (TM) before and after testosterone administration (7.7 months ± 3.5 months), relative to 30 cisgender men (CM) and 35 cisgender women (CW) underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at two time points. Two brain regions were assessed, i.e. the lateral parietal cortex and the amygdala/anterior hippocampus. Associated metabolites that were measured include N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline (Cho), glutamate and glutamine (Glx), myo-inositol (mI), glycine (Gly) and their respective ratios. RESULTS A critical time by group interaction revealed an effect of GAHT in the lateral parietal cortex of TM. MI+Gly/Cr ratios decreased upon initiation of GAHT. In addition, NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios were lower in CW when compared to CM in the lateral parietal cortex. Glx levels and Glx/Cr ratios in TM differed from those in CW in the amygdala/anterior hippocampus. Interestingly, pubertal age of onset of gender dysphoria (i.e. GD) in TM differentially affected testosterone-mediated effects on Cr concentration and NAA/Cr ratios when compared to childhood and adult GD onset in the amygdala/anterior hippocampus. CONCLUSION This 1H-MRS study demonstrated that testosterone administration shifts mI+Gly/Cr ratios in the parietal cortex. In the amygdala/anterior hippocampus, modulation of metabolite concentrations by age of onset of GD is suggestive for a possible developmental trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Collet
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sourav Bhaduri
- Symbiosis Centre for Medical Image Analysis, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Meltem Kiyar
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | - Antonio Guillamon
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guy T'Sjoen
- Department of Endocrinology, Center for Sexology and Gender, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven C Mueller
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
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Romeo B, Petillion A, Martelli C, Benyamina A. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in subjects with high risk for psychosis: A meta-analysis and review. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 125:52-65. [PMID: 32203740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Even though anomalies on brain metabolites have been found in schizophrenia, researches about subjects with high risk (HR) show heterogeneous results. Thus, this meta-analysis aims to characterize the metabolic profile of HR subjects, first, compared to controls (HC) and then compared to people with schizophrenia. METHODS After a systematic database search, means and standard deviations were extracted to calculate standardized mean differences (SMD). Cerebral metabolites levels were compared between HR subjects and HC or patients with schizophrenia in all regions of interest investigated in included studies. Meta-regressions were performed to explore the influence of demographic and clinical variables on metabolites level's SMDs. RESULTS Thirty-nine studies were included in this meta-analysis. A higher level of glutamine + glutamate (Glx) was found in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (p < 0.01) and potentially in the basal ganglia (p = 0,05) as well as a higher level of myo-inositol (mI) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (p = 0.04) in HR subjects compared to HC. A higher level of choline (Cho) was found in people with schizophrenia compared to HR subjects in the DLPFC (p < 0.001) and the medial temporal lobe (p = 0.02). Meta-regression analyses showed negative associations between SMD for Cho concentration, the percentage of females or the age (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis provides evidence that some brain metabolites concentrations are disrupted before the transition to psychosis and could be considered like a vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Romeo
- APHP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, F-94800, Villejuif, France; Unité Psychiatrie-Comorbidités-Addictions-Unité de Recherche, PSYCOMADD Université Paris Sud - AP-HP, Université Paris Saclay, France.
| | - Amelie Petillion
- APHP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, F-94800, Villejuif, France; Unité Psychiatrie-Comorbidités-Addictions-Unité de Recherche, PSYCOMADD Université Paris Sud - AP-HP, Université Paris Saclay, France
| | - Catherine Martelli
- APHP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, F-94800, Villejuif, France; Unité Psychiatrie-Comorbidités-Addictions-Unité de Recherche, PSYCOMADD Université Paris Sud - AP-HP, Université Paris Saclay, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1000, Research unit, NeuroImaging and Psychiatry, Paris Sud University- Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Digiteo Labs, Bâtiment 660, Gif-sur- Yvette, France
| | - Amine Benyamina
- APHP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, F-94800, Villejuif, France; Unité Psychiatrie-Comorbidités-Addictions-Unité de Recherche, PSYCOMADD Université Paris Sud - AP-HP, Université Paris Saclay, France
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Dubol M, Epperson CN, Lanzenberger R, Sundström-Poromaa I, Comasco E. Neuroimaging premenstrual dysphoric disorder: A systematic and critical review. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 57:100838. [PMID: 32268180 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine organizational and activational influences on cognitive and affective circuits are likely critical to the development of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a sex-specific hormone-dependent mood disorder. An overview of the anatomical and functional neural characterization of this disorder is presented here by means of neuroimaging correlates, identified from eighteen publications (n = 361 subjects). While white matter integrity remains uninvestigated, greater cerebellar grey matter volume and metabolism were observed in patients with PMDD, along with altered serotonergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. Differential corticolimbic activation in response to emotional stimuli distinguishes the PMDD brain, namely enhanced amygdalar and diminished fronto-cortical function. Thus far, the emotional distress and dysregulation linked to PMDD seem to be defined by structural, chemical and functional brain signatures; however, their characterization remains sparsely studied and somewhat inconsistent. Clear and well-replicated neurobiological features of PMDD are needed to promote timely diagnoses and inform development of prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dubol
- Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - C Neill Epperson
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine-Anschutz Medical Campus, United States
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Erika Comasco
- Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Bari S, Svaldi DO, Jang I, Shenk TE, Poole VN, Lee T, Dydak U, Rispoli JV, Nauman EA, Talavage TM. Dependence on subconcussive impacts of brain metabolism in collision sport athletes: an MR spectroscopic study. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 13:735-49. [PMID: 29802602 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Long term neurological impairments due to repetitive head trauma are a growing concern for collision sport athletes. American Football has the highest rate of reported concussions among male high school athletes, a position held by soccer for female high school athletes. Recent research has shown that subconcussive events experienced by collision sport athletes can be a further significant source of accrued damage. Collision sport athletes experience hundreds of subconcussive events in a single season, and these largely go uninvestigated as they produce no overt clinical symptoms. Continued participation by these seemingly uninjured athletes is hypothesized to increase susceptibility to diagnoseable brain injury. This study paired magnetic resonance spectroscopy with head impact monitoring to quantify the relationship between metabolic changes and head acceleration event characteristics in high school-aged male football and female soccer collision sport athletes. During the period of exposure to subconcussive events, asymptomatic male (football) collision sport athletes exhibited statistically significant changes in concentrations of glutamate+glutamine (Glx) and total choline containing compounds (tCho) in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and female (soccer) collision sport athletes exhibited changes in glutamate+glutamine (Glx) in primary motor cortex. Neurometabolic alterations observed in football athletes during the second half of the season were found to be significantly associated with the average acceleration per head acceleration events, being best predicted by the accumulation of events exceeding 50 g. These marked deviations in neurometabolism, in the absence of overt symptoms, raise concern about the neural health of adolescent collision-sport athletes and suggest limiting exposure to head acceleration events may help to ameliorate the risk of subsequent cognitive impairment.
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Endres D, Tebartz van Elst L, Maier SJ, Feige B, Goll P, Meyer SA, Matthies S, Domschke K, Lange T, Sobanski E, Philipsen A, Nickel K, Perlov E. Neurochemical sex differences in adult ADHD patients: an MRS study. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:50. [PMID: 31665071 PMCID: PMC6821019 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Relevant sex differences in symptomatology are discussed. This study compared brain neurometabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left cerebellar hemisphere in age- and IQ-matched adult male (mADHD) and female (fADHD) ADHD patients. Methods We studied 48 (ACC) and 42 (cerebellum) male/female pairs of stimulant-free patients with adult ADHD. Single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to investigate creatine (Cre), total choline (t-Cho), glutamate + glutamine (Glx), N-acetylaspartate, and myo-inositol. The mADHD and fADHD groups were compared using robust linear regression. The level of significance was corrected for multiple tests using the Benjamini-Hochberg approach. Results For the ACC, the signals of Cre (p = 0.008) and t-Cho (p = 0.004) showed significant effects of the age covariate as well as an interaction of sex and age (Cre: p = 0.033; t-Cho: p = 0.040). For the Glx signal, an interaction of sex and age could also be observed (p = 0.033). For cerebellar neurometabolites, the signals of t-Cho (p = 0.049) and Glx (p = 0.049) showed significant effects of the factor sex. Conclusion This is the largest study yet to analyze sex differences in brain neurochemistry in adult patients with ADHD. Different age-dependent t-Cho signals in the ACC might be associated with delayed myelinization in mADHD. Further MRS studies in adult ADHD, accounting for possible sex effects, are warranted to validate the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Endres
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon J Maier
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Goll
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon A Meyer
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Swantje Matthies
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lange
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esther Sobanski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Clinical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Nickel
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evgeniy Perlov
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Clinic for Psychiatry Luzern, St. Urban, Switzerland
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Urrila AS, Hakkarainen A, Castaneda A, Paunio T, Marttunen M, Lundbom N. Frontal Cortex Myo-Inositol Is Associated with Sleep and Depression in Adolescents: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study. Neuropsychobiology 2018; 75:21-31. [PMID: 28793304 DOI: 10.1159/000478861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) to evaluate the neurochemistry of the frontal cortex in adolescents with symptoms of sleep and depression. METHODS Nineteen non-medicated adolescent boys (mean age 16.0 years; 9 clinical cases with depression/sleep symptoms and 10 healthy controls) underwent 1H MRS at 3 T. MR spectra were acquired from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and frontal white matter. Concentrations of N-acetyl aspartate, total creatine, choline-containing compounds, total glutamine plus glutamate, and myo-inositol (mI) were compared in the 2 subgroups, and correlated with sleep and clinical measures in the total sample. Sleep was assessed with self-report questionnaires and ambulatory polysomnography recordings. RESULTS Concentrations of mI were lower in both frontal cortical regions among the depressed adolescents than in controls. No statistically significant differences in other metabolite concentrations were observed between the subgroups. Frontal cortex mI concentrations correlated negatively with depression severity, subjective daytime sleepiness, insomnia symptoms, and the level of anxiety, and correlated positively with total sleep time and overall psychosocial functioning. The correlations between mI in the ACC and total sleep time as well as daytime sleepiness remained statistically significant when depression severity was controlled in the analyses. CONCLUSION Lower frontal cortex mI may indicate a disturbed second messenger system. Frontal cortical mI may thus be linked to the pathophysiology of depression and concomitant sleep symptoms among maturing adolescents. Short sleep and daytime sleepiness may be associated with frontal cortex mI independently from depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Urrila
- Unit of Mental Health, Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Endres D, Tebartz van Elst L, Feige B, Backenecker S, Nickel K, Bubl A, Lange T, Mader I, Maier S, Perlov E. On the Effect of Sex on Prefrontal and Cerebellar Neurometabolites in Healthy Adults: An MRS Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:367. [PMID: 27531975 PMCID: PMC4969301 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In neuropsychiatric research, the aspects of sex have received increasing attention over the past decade. With regard to the neurometabolic differences in the prefrontal cortex and the cerebellum of both men and women, we performed a magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) study of a large group of healthy subjects. For neurometabolic measurements, we used single-voxel proton MRS. The voxels of interest (VOI) were placed in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) and the left cerebellar hemisphere. Absolute quantification of creatine (Cre), total choline (t-Cho), glutamate and glutamine (Glx), N-acetylaspartate, and myo-inositol (mI) was performed. Thirty-three automatically matched ACCs and 31 cerebellar male-female pairs were statistically analyzed. We found no significant neurometabolic differences in the pACC region (Wilks' lambda: p = 0.657). In the left cerebellar region, we detected significant variations between the male and female groups (p = 0.001). Specifically, we detected significantly higher Cre (p = 0.005) and t-Cho (p = 0.000) levels in men. Additionally, males tended to have higher Glx and mI concentrations. This is the first study to report neurometabolic sex differences in the cerebellum. The effects of sexual hormones might have influenced our findings. Our data indicates the importance of adjusting for the confounding effects of sex in MRS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Endres
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Backenecker
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Nickel
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Bubl
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Medical Center Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lange
- Department for Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irina Mader
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Maier
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evgeniy Perlov
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
Knowledge of gonadal hormone-related influences on human brain anatomy, function, and chemistry is scarce. The present review scrutinized organizational and functional neuroimaging correlates of the menstrual cycle and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Supportive evidence of cyclic short-term structural and functional brain plasticity in response to gonadal hormonal modulation is provided. The paucity of studies, sparsity and discordance of findings, and weaknesses in study design at present hinder the drawing of firm conclusions. Ideal study designs should comprise high-resolution multimodal neuroimaging (e.g., MRI, DTI, rs-fMRI, fMRI, PET), hormones, genetic, and behavioral longitudinal assessments of healthy women and PMDD patients at critical time points of the menstrual cycle phase (i.e., early follicular phase, late follicular phase, mid-luteal phase) in a counter-balanced setup. Studies integrating large-scale brain network structural, functional, and molecular neuroimaging, as well as treatment data, will deepen the understanding of neural state, disorder, and treatment markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Comasco
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden,
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Liu B, Wang G, Gao D, Gao F, Zhao B, Qiao M, Yang H, Yu Y, Ren F, Yang P, Chen W, Rae CD. Alterations of GABA and glutamate-glutamine levels in premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a 3T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Psychiatry Res 2015; 231:64-70. [PMID: 25465316 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that the GABAergic neurotransmitter system is involved in the pathogenesis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) to investigate whether PMDD is associated with alterations in brain GABA levels. Levels of glutamate-glutamine (Glx) were also explored. Participants comprised 22 women with PMDD and 22 age-matched healthy controls who underwent 3T (1)H MRS during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. GABA+ and Glx levels were quantified in the anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex (ACC/mPFC) and the left basal ganglia (ltBG). Water-scaled GABA+ concentrations and GABA+/tCr ratios were significantly lower in both the ACC/mPFC and ltBG regions of PMDD women than in healthy controls. Glx/tCr ratios were significantly higher in the ACC/mPFC region of PMDD women than healthy controls. Our preliminary findings provide the first report of abnormal levels of GABA+ and Glx in mood-related brain regions of women with PMDD, indicating that dysregulation of the amino acid neurotransmitter system may be an important neurobiological mechanism in the pathogenesis of PMDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, 250021 Jinan, PR China
| | - Guangbin Wang
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, 250021 Jinan, PR China
| | - Dongmei Gao
- Basic Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 44, Wenhua Xi Road, 250012 Jinan, PR China
| | - Fei Gao
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, 250021 Jinan, PR China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, 250021 Jinan, PR China.
| | - Mingqi Qiao
- Basic Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 44, Wenhua Xi Road, 250012 Jinan, PR China
| | - Huan Yang
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, 250021 Jinan, PR China
| | - Yanhong Yu
- Basic Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 44, Wenhua Xi Road, 250012 Jinan, PR China
| | - Fuxin Ren
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, 250021 Jinan, PR China
| | - Ping Yang
- Philips Healthcare, Shanghai, PR China
| | | | - Caroline D Rae
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia
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Rapkin AJ, Berman SM, London ED. The Cerebellum and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. AIMS Neurosci 2014; 1:120-141. [PMID: 28275721 PMCID: PMC5338637 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2014.2.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum constitutes ten percent of brain volume and contains the majority of brain neurons. Although it was historically viewed primarily as processing motoric computations, current evidence supports a more comprehensive role, where cerebro-cerebellar feedback loops also modulate various forms of cognitive and affective processing. Here we present evidence for a role of the cerebellum in premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is characterized by severe negative mood symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Although a link between menstruation and cyclical dysphoria has long been recognized, neuroscientific investigations of this common disorder have only recently been explored. This article reviews functional and structural brain imaging studies of PMDD and the similar but less well defined condition of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The most consistent findings are that women with premenstrual dysphoria exhibit greater relative activity than other women in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior lobules VI and VII of the neocerebellum. Since both brain areas have been implicated in emotional processing and mood disorders, working memory and executive functions, this greater activity probably represents coactivation within a cerebro-cerebellar feedback loop regulating emotional and cognitive processing. Some of the evidence suggests that increased activity within this circuit may preserve cerebellar structure during aging, and possible mechanisms and implications of this finding are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Rapkin
- USA David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Box 951740, 27-139 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steven M Berman
- Center for Addictive Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 90095 USA
| | - Edythe D London
- Center for Addictive Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 90095 USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, 90095 USA
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Chrzan R, Tomaszuk M, Urbanik A. The influence of the menstrual cycle on the result of brain examination with hydrogen magnetic resonance spectroscopy - a pilot study. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2013; 47:450-5. [PMID: 24166566 DOI: 10.5114/ninp.2013.38224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hydrogen magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS) is nowadays one of the basic tools for noninvasive brain metabolism assessment. The study focuses on the important problem of the influence of hormone fluctuation during the menstrual cycle on brain metabolism, assessed by 1HMRS for clinical diagnostics. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 11 healthy regularly menstruating women, 1HMRS was performed at the start (phase I), in the middle (phase II) and at the end (phase III) of the menstrual cycle. The relative concentration ratios of 12 brain metabolites in every woman in all cycle phases were examined, in 6 different volumes of interest (VOIs). Finally, statistically significant differences in relative metabolite ratios between the phases examined in given locations were sought. RESULTS Statistically significant relations between menstrual cycle phases and relative ratios of 4 metabolites - Lac/Cr, NAA/Cr, Glx1/Cr and Glx2/Cr - in different brain locations were found. In all locations, mean NAA/Cr ratios were greater in phase I compared to the other phases. A similar relationship was found for Glx1/Cr ratio in one location (left occipital lobe). For Lac/Cr and Glx2/Cr ratios, a higher mean ratio value was obtained in phase II compared to phases I and III in the right occipital lobe and left basal ganglia, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Menstrual cycle phase should be considered in planning a date and interpretation of 1HMRS examination, performed for the verification of a disease manifesting as brain metabolite disturbances in the 1HMRS spectrum.
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Hädel S, Wirth C, Rapp M, Gallinat J, Schubert F. Effects of age and sex on the concentrations of glutamate and glutamine in the human brain. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 38:1480-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Hädel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Psychiatric University Hospital St. Hedwig, Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Campus Mitte Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph Wirth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Psychiatric University Hospital St. Hedwig, Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Campus Mitte Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Rapp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Psychiatric University Hospital St. Hedwig, Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Campus Mitte Berlin Germany
- Geriatric Psychiatry Center; Psychiatric University Hospital St. Hedwig, Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Campus Mitte Berlin Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Psychiatric University Hospital St. Hedwig, Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Campus Mitte Berlin Germany
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- C. NEILL EPPERSON
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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16
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Petersen ET, Mouridsen K, Golay X; all named co-authors of the QUASAR test-retest study. The QUASAR reproducibility study, Part II: Results from a multi-center Arterial Spin Labeling test-retest study. Neuroimage 2010; 49:104-13. [PMID: 19660557 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) is a method to measure perfusion using magnetically labeled blood water as an endogenous tracer. Being fully non-invasive, this technique is attractive for longitudinal studies of cerebral blood flow in healthy and diseased individuals, or as a surrogate marker of metabolism. So far, ASL has been restricted mostly to specialist centers due to a generally low SNR of the method and potential issues with user-dependent analysis needed to obtain quantitative measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Here, we evaluated a particular implementation of ASL (called Quantitative STAR labeling of Arterial Regions or QUASAR), a method providing user independent quantification of CBF in a large test-retest study across sites from around the world, dubbed "The QUASAR reproducibility study". Altogether, 28 sites located in Asia, Europe and North America participated and a total of 284 healthy volunteers were scanned. Minimal operator dependence was assured by using an automatic planning tool and its accuracy and potential usefulness in multi-center trials was evaluated as well. Accurate repositioning between sessions was achieved with the automatic planning tool showing mean displacements of 1.87+/-0.95 mm and rotations of 1.56+/-0.66 degrees . Mean gray matter CBF was 47.4+/-7.5 [ml/100 g/min] with a between-subject standard variation SD(b)=5.5 [ml/100 g/min] and a within-subject standard deviation SD(w)=4.7 [ml/100 g/min]. The corresponding repeatability was 13.0 [ml/100 g/min] and was found to be within the range of previous studies.
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Tayoshi S, Sumitani S, Taniguchi K, Shibuya-Tayoshi S, Numata S, Iga JI, Nakataki M, Ueno SI, Harada M, Ohmori T. Metabolite changes and gender differences in schizophrenia using 3-Tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Schizophr Res 2009; 108:69-77. [PMID: 19097753 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2008.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A change in the glutamatergic system is thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in metabolites, including glutamate (Glu), in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the left basal ganglia (ltBG) of patients with chronic schizophrenia using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS). In addition, since gender differences in this illness were known, we examined the effects of gender on these metabolites. The (1)H-MRS was performed on the ACC and ltBG of 30 patients with schizophrenia and 25 healthy individuals who acted as the control group. The levels of Glu, glutamine (Gln), creatine plus phosphocreatine (Cre), myo-inositol (mI), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and choline-containing compounds (Cho) were measured. Two-way analysis of variance revealed that the illness significantly affected the levels of Glu and mI in the ACC; both metabolites were lower in the patients with schizophrenia as compared to the control subjects. The results also revealed that gender significantly affected the level of Gln in the ACC and the levels of Cre and NAA in the ltBG; the level of Gln in the ACC were higher in male subjects versus female subjects, whereas Cre and NAA levels in the ltBG were lower in male subjects as compared to female subjects. These results confirmed a change in the glutamatergic system and suggested an involvement of mI in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin'Ya Tayoshi
- Department of Psychiatry, Course of Integrated Brain Sciences, Medical Informatics, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan.
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Heikkilä O, Lundbom N, Timonen M, Groop PH, Heikkinen S, Mäkimattila S. Hyperglycaemia is associated with changes in the regional concentrations of glucose and myo-inositol within the brain. Diabetologia 2009; 52:534-40. [PMID: 19096823 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of the study was to assess the effect of hyperglycaemia on regional concentrations of glucose and other substrates within the brain in non-diabetic individuals and in patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS The brain metabolites of 17 men with type 1 diabetes and 12 age-matched non-diabetic men (22-43 years old) were studied after an overnight fast (plasma glucose 9.2 +/- 3.0 vs 4.8 +/- 0.5 mmol/l, respectively). N-Acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine, choline, myo-inositol (mI) and glucose in the frontal cortex, frontal white matter and thalamus were quantified with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS In the non-diabetic participants, the glucose level was 47% higher (p < 0.01) in the frontal cortex than in the frontal white matter. In contrast, this regional variation was not observed in the diabetic participants, in whom the glucose level in the frontal white matter was 64% higher (p < 0.001) and in the frontal cortex 25% higher (p = 0.033) than that of the non-diabetic participants. In the diabetic participants, the glucose level in each of the three regions studied correlated with fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.88-0.67, p < 0.01). In addition, in the diabetic participants, mI was 20% higher (p < 0.001) and NAA 6% lower (p = 0.037) in the frontal white matter, and mI was 8% higher (p = 0.042) in the frontal cortex, than in the non-diabetic participants. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In type 1 diabetes, hyperglycaemia is associated with accumulation of glucose and mI in the cortex and in the white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Heikkilä
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki (C330b), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Batra NA, Seres-Mailo J, Hanstock C, Seres P, Khudabux J, Bellavance F, Baker G, Allen P, Tibbo P, Hui E, Le Melledo JM. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurement of brain glutamate levels in premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 63:1178-84. [PMID: 18061146 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women who suffer from premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) classically display depressive and anxiety symptoms in the premenstrum. Preclinical and clinical studies have suggested a role of glutamate in anxiety and depression. This investigation aims at demonstrating fluctuations of glutamate across the menstrual cycle in the medial prefrontal cortex of women who suffer from PMDD and healthy control subjects (HCs). METHODS Twelve PMDD women and 13 HCs were randomized to two single-voxel 3 Tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy examinations of the medial prefrontal cortex during the follicular phase and the luteal phase. RESULTS A phase effect was observed; the levels of glutamate/creatine plus phosphocreatine (Cr) were significantly lower during the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase. However, no statistically significant diagnosis or phase x diagnosis effects were found. CONCLUSIONS The optimized stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) pulse timings selected in this study (echo time [TE], mixing time [TM] = 240, 27 msec) allow us to interpret our results as the first report of alterations of brain glutamate levels across the menstrual cycle. Hormonal fluctuations associated with the menstrual cycle likely contribute to these glutamate level variations. Although PMDD women undergo a similar decrease in glutamate during the luteal phase as the HCs, PMDD women may display an increased behavioral sensitivity to those phase-related alterations. These menstrual cycle-related variations of glutamate levels may also contribute to the influence of the phases of the menstrual cycle in other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Abstract
Brain functional imaging methods, such as fMRI, are sensitive to changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) that are normally associated with changes in regional neural activation. However, other endogenous and exogenous factors can alter CBF independently of brain neural activity, thus complicating the interpretation of functional imaging data. The presence of an anxiety disorder, as well as change in state anxiety, is often accompanied by respiratory alterations that affect arterial CO(2) tensions and produce significant changes in CBF that are independent of task-related neural activation. Therefore, the effects of trait and state anxiety need to be given close consideration in interpreting functional imaging findings. In this paper, we review the dependence of most brain functional imaging methods on localized changes in CBF and the potentially confounding effects of anxiety-related alterations of respiration on interpreting patterns of functional activation. Approaches for addressing these effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Giardino
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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21
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Abstract
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, which affects 3-8% of women of reproductive age, is characterized by a combination of symptoms that may include depressed mood, irritability, anxiety and/or physical symptoms. These symptoms occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, with remission generally occurring within 3 days after the onset of menses. Presently, treatment guidelines for premenstrual dysphoric disorder focus on lifestyle management and psychopharmacologic interventions, with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors being considered the first line of medication intervention. The US Food and Drug Administration and Health Canada recently approved paroxetine for the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. This article reviews the properties of this medication and its use in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaila Misri
- University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, B6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Abstract
Postpartum psychiatric changes can range from maternity blues to psychosis. Causality is still undetermined, but explanations for these disturbances often focus on hormonal changes and dysregulation. Researchers have begun the process of delineating what neurobiological factors may be associated with depressive disorders in pregnancy and the postpartum. This article reviews the current literature on the roles of gonadal and pituitary hormones in the psychopathophysiology of postpartum mood disorders. Other biological factors, such as biogenic amines, neuroactive steroids, cholesterol, and fatty acids, are also discussed. The potential benefits of neuroimaging to aid in understanding neuropsychiatric changes that occur in the context of postpartum depression are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Zonana
- New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Vythilingam M, Charles HC, Tupler LA, Blitchington T, Kelly L, Krishnan KRR. Focal and lateralized subcortical abnormalities in unipolar major depressive disorder: an automated multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 54:744-50. [PMID: 14512215 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of prior proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) studies in unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) evaluating choline (Cho)/creatine (Cr) and N-acetyl-L-aspartate (NAA)/Cr ratios are mixed. These single-voxel or one-dimensional chemical-shift imaging (CSI) nonautomated (1)H-MRS studies has been unable to evaluate global or lateralized abnormalities in neuronal or membrane function. Using automated multivoxel two-dimensional CSI (1)H-MRS techniques, we tested the hypothesis that patients with MDD have focal neuronal and membrane abnormalities localized in the subcortical region. METHODS Whole brain and subcortical measures of Cho, NAA, Cr, and myo-inositol (mI) were obtained in 18 patients with MDD and 20 control subjects using automated two-dimensional CSI (1)H-MRS. RESULTS Compared with control subjects, MDD patients had a significantly lower mean NAA/Cr amplitude in the caudate and a significantly higher mean Cho/Cr amplitude in the putamen, particularly on the right side. No differences were observed for global whole brain measurements. CONCLUSIONS The findings support reduced neuronal viability or function in the caudate and altered membrane phospholipid metabolism in the putamen for patients with MDD. Our results are consistent with prior magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and postmortem reports of focal and lateralized abnormalities of the basal ganglia in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Vythilingam
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Kaufman MJ, Henry ME, Frederick BD, Hennen J, Villafuerte RA, Stoddard EP, Schmidt ME, Cohen BM, Renshaw PF. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor discontinuation syndrome is associated with a rostral anterior cingulate choline metabolite decrease: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 54:534-9. [PMID: 12946882 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) discontinuation syndrome (DS) is an important potential complication of treatment for major depression. We hypothesized that SSRI treatment discontinuation, resulting in change in clinical state, would be associated with reduced rostral anterior cingulate choline (Cho) metabolite ratios. Individuals with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of unipolar major depression who had been stabilized on paroxetine (n = 13) or fluoxetine (n = 13) were study subjects. They were monitored for change in clinical state (mood ratings, discontinuation symptoms) and underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of the rostral anterior cingulate 3 days after medication substitution with active SSRI and placebo.Placebo-day Cho/Cre (choline/total creatine) metabolite ratios were decreased in four paroxetine and two fluoxetine subjects meeting DS criteria, as compared with asymptomatic subjects (Mann-Whitney z = -2.31, p =.021). Discontinuation syndrome is associated with a rostral anterior cingulate Cho/Cre metabolite ratio decrease that may reflect dynamics of rostral anterior cingulate function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Kaufman
- Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated brain Cho has been shown within the basal ganglia and frontal (i.e., orbitofrontal and cingulate) cortices in patients with mood disorders utilizing Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS). We sought to determine the relationship between Cho and mood in a cohort of healthy young subjects. METHODS Twenty-seven subjects without neurologic or psychiatric disorders were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Affect Scale and underwent 1H-MRS of bilateral frontal and occipito-parietal white matter. RESULTS We found that Cho in the left frontal lobe was inversely correlated with Positive Affect [F(1,24) = 19.2, p <.001, r(2) =.45]. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the important involvement of Cho underlying the integration of affective processing within prefrontal circuitry, and may indicate increased myelin turnover in subjects with lower Positive Affect. Further efforts will be necessary to determine if high Cho is associated with increased incidence of mood disorders throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex E Jung
- Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Research Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Mexico
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Cavassila S, Deval S, Huegen C, van Ormondt D, Graveron-Demilly D. Current awareness. NMR Biomed 2001; 14:284-288. [PMID: 11410947 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of NMR in biomedicine. Each bibliography is divided into 9 sections: 1 Books, Reviews ' Symposia; 2 General; 3 Technology; 4 Brain and Nerves; 5 Neuropathology; 6 Cancer; 7 Cardiac, Vascular and Respiratory Systems; 8 Liver, Kidney and Other Organs; 9 Muscle and Orthopaedic. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cavassila
- Laboratoire RMN, CNRS UMR 5012, UCB Lyon I-CPE, Villeurbanne, France
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