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Green J, Bruno CA, Traunmüller L, Ding J, Hrvatin S, Wilson DE, Khodadad T, Samuels J, Greenberg ME, Harvey CD. A cell-type-specific error-correction signal in the posterior parietal cortex. Nature 2023; 620:366-373. [PMID: 37468637 PMCID: PMC10412446 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Neurons in the posterior parietal cortex contribute to the execution of goal-directed navigation1 and other decision-making tasks2-4. Although molecular studies have catalogued more than 50 cortical cell types5, it remains unclear what distinct functions they have in this area. Here we identified a molecularly defined subset of somatostatin (Sst) inhibitory neurons that, in the mouse posterior parietal cortex, carry a cell-type-specific error-correction signal for navigation. We obtained repeatable experimental access to these cells using an adeno-associated virus in which gene expression is driven by an enhancer that functions specifically in a subset of Sst cells6. We found that during goal-directed navigation in a virtual environment, this subset of Sst neurons activates in a synchronous pattern that is distinct from the activity of surrounding neurons, including other Sst neurons. Using in vivo two-photon photostimulation and ex vivo paired patch-clamp recordings, we show that nearby cells of this Sst subtype excite each other through gap junctions, revealing a self-excitation circuit motif that contributes to the synchronous activity of this cell type. These cells selectively activate as mice execute course corrections for deviations in their virtual heading during navigation towards a reward location, for both self-induced and experimentally induced deviations. We propose that this subtype of Sst neurons provides a self-reinforcing and cell-type-specific error-correction signal in the posterior parietal cortex that may help with the execution and learning of accurate goal-directed navigation trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Green
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Carissa A Bruno
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Traunmüller
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Ding
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siniša Hrvatin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Whitehead Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel E Wilson
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Khodadad
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Samuels
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Brase L, You SF, D'Oliveira Albanus R, Del-Aguila JL, Dai Y, Novotny BC, Soriano-Tarraga C, Dykstra T, Fernandez MV, Budde JP, Bergmann K, Morris JC, Bateman RJ, Perrin RJ, McDade E, Xiong C, Goate AM, Farlow M, Sutherland GT, Kipnis J, Karch CM, Benitez BA, Harari O. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease and risk variant carriers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2314. [PMID: 37085492 PMCID: PMC10121712 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies of Alzheimer disease (AD) have prioritized variants in genes related to the amyloid cascade, lipid metabolism, and neuroimmune modulation. However, the cell-specific effect of variants in these genes is not fully understood. Here, we perform single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) on nearly 300,000 nuclei from the parietal cortex of AD autosomal dominant (APP and PSEN1) and risk-modifying variant (APOE, TREM2 and MS4A) carriers. Within individual cell types, we capture genes commonly dysregulated across variant groups. However, specific transcriptional states are more prevalent within variant carriers. TREM2 oligodendrocytes show a dysregulated autophagy-lysosomal pathway, MS4A microglia have dysregulated complement cascade genes, and APOEε4 inhibitory neurons display signs of ferroptosis. All cell types have enriched states in autosomal dominant carriers. We leverage differential expression and single-nucleus ATAC-seq to map GWAS signals to effector cell types including the NCK2 signal to neurons in addition to the initially proposed microglia. Overall, our results provide insights into the transcriptional diversity resulting from AD genetic architecture and cellular heterogeneity. The data can be explored on the online browser ( http://web.hararilab.org/SNARE/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Brase
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shih-Feng You
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ricardo D'Oliveira Albanus
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Yaoyi Dai
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brenna C Novotny
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carolina Soriano-Tarraga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Taitea Dykstra
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maria Victoria Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John P Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kristy Bergmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard J Perrin
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric McDade
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Greg T Sutherland
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruno A Benitez
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Jeon Y, Lim Y, Yeom J, Kim EK. Comparative metabolic profiling of posterior parietal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus in conditioned fear memory. Mol Brain 2021; 14:153. [PMID: 34615530 PMCID: PMC8493686 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fear conditioning and retrieval are suitable models to investigate the biological basis of various mental disorders. Hippocampus and amygdala neurons consolidate conditioned stimulus (CS)-dependent fear memory. Posterior parietal cortex is considered important for the CS-dependent conditioning and retrieval of fear memory. Metabolomic screening among functionally related brain areas provides molecular signatures and biomarkers to improve the treatment of psychopathologies. Herein, we analyzed and compared changes of metabolites in the hippocampus, amygdala, and posterior parietal cortex under the fear retrieval condition. Metabolite profiles of posterior parietal cortex and amygdala were similarly changed after fear memory retrieval. While the retrieval of fear memory perturbed various metabolic pathways, most metabolic pathways that overlapped among the three brain regions had high ranks in the enrichment analysis of posterior parietal cortex. In posterior parietal cortex, the most perturbed pathways were pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, purine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and NAD+ dependent signaling. Metabolites of posterior parietal cortex including 4'-phosphopantetheine, xanthine, glutathione, ADP-ribose, ADP-ribose 2'-phosphate, and cyclic ADP-ribose were significantly regulated in these metabolic pathways. These results point to the importance of metabolites of posterior parietal cortex in conditioned fear memory retrieval and may provide potential biomarker candidates for traumatic memory-related mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjeong Jeon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Lim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Yeom
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Abstract
Several scientific, engineering, and medical advancements are based on breakthroughs made by people who excel in mathematics. Our current understanding of the underlying brain networks stems primarily from anatomical and functional investigations, but our knowledge of how neurotransmitters subserve numerical skills, the building block of mathematics, is scarce. Using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (N = 54, 3T, semi-LASER sequence, TE = 32 ms, TR = 3.5 s), the study examined the relation between numerical skills and the brain's major inhibitory (GABA) and excitatory (glutamate) neurotransmitters. A negative association was found between the performance in a number sequences task and the resting concentration of GABA within the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS), a key region supporting numeracy. The relation between GABA in the IPS and number sequences was specific to (1) parietal but not frontal regions and to (2) GABA but not glutamate. It was additionally found that the resting functional connectivity of the left IPS and the left superior frontal gyrus was positively associated with number sequences performance. However, resting GABA concentration within the IPS explained number sequences performance above and beyond the resting frontoparietal connectivity measure. Our findings further motivate the study of inhibition mechanisms in the human brain and significantly contribute to our current understanding of numerical cognition's biological bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Zacharopoulos
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
| | - Francesco Sella
- Centre for Mathematical Cognition, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Uzay Emir
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2051, USA
| | - Roi Cohen Kadosh
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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Carlyle BC, Kandigian SE, Kreuzer J, Das S, Trombetta BA, Kuo Y, Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Petyuk VA, Kitchen RR, Morris R, Nairn AC, Hyman BT, Haas W, Arnold SE. Synaptic proteins associated with cognitive performance and neuropathology in older humans revealed by multiplexed fractionated proteomics. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 105:99-114. [PMID: 34052751 PMCID: PMC8338777 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is defined by the presence of abundant amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau neuropathology. While this neuropathology is necessary for AD diagnosis, it is not sufficient for causing cognitive impairment. Up to one third of community dwelling older adults harbor intermediate to high levels of AD neuropathology at death yet demonstrate no significant cognitive impairment. Conversely, there are individuals who exhibit dementia with no gross explanatory neuropathology. In prior studies, synapse loss correlated with cognitive impairment. To understand how synaptic composition changes in relation to neuropathology and cognition, multiplexed liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry was used to quantify enriched synaptic proteins from the parietal association cortex of 100 subjects with contrasting levels of AD pathology and cognitive performance. 123 unique proteins were significantly associated with diagnostic category. Functional analysis showed enrichment of serotonin release and oxidative phosphorylation categories in normal (cognitively unimpaired, low neuropathology) and "resilient" (unimpaired despite AD pathology) individuals. In contrast, frail individuals, (low pathology, impaired cognition) showed a metabolic shift towards glycolysis and increased presence of proteasome subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky C Carlyle
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Neurology, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Savannah E Kandigian
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Neurology, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johannes Kreuzer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Neurology, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bianca A Trombetta
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Neurology, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yikai Kuo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Neurology, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert R Kitchen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Robert Morris
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Bradley T Hyman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Neurology, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wilhelm Haas
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Neurology, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ivashkina OI, Gruzdeva AM, Roshchina MA, Toropova KA, Anokhin KV. Imaging of C-fos Activity in Neurons of the Mouse Parietal Association Cortex during Acquisition and Retrieval of Associative Fear Memory. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158244. [PMID: 34361009 PMCID: PMC8347746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The parietal cortex of rodents participates in sensory and spatial processing, movement planning, and decision-making, but much less is known about its role in associative learning and memory formation. The present study aims to examine the involvement of the parietal association cortex (PtA) in associative fear memory acquisition and retrieval in mice. Using ex vivo c-Fos immunohistochemical mapping and in vivo Fos-EGFP two-photon imaging, we show that PtA neurons were specifically activated both during acquisition and retrieval of cued fear memory. Fos immunohistochemistry revealed specific activation of the PtA neurons during retrieval of the 1-day-old fear memory. In vivo two-photon Fos-EGFP imaging confirmed this result and in addition detected specific c-Fos responses of the PtA neurons during acquisition of cued fear memory. To allow a more detailed study of the long-term activity of such PtA engram neurons, we generated a Fos-Cre-GCaMP transgenic mouse line that employs the Targeted Recombination in Active Populations (TRAP) technique to detect calcium events specifically in cells that were Fos-active during conditioning. We show that gradual accumulation of GCaMP3 in the PtA neurons of Fos-Cre-GCaMP mice peaks at the 4th day after fear learning. We also describe calcium transients in the cell bodies and dendrites of the TRAPed neurons. This provides a proof-of-principle for TRAP-based calcium imaging of PtA functions during memory processes as well as in experimental models of fear- and anxiety-related psychiatric disorders and their specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I. Ivashkina
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.T.); (K.V.A.)
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory for Neurobiology of Memory, P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9264289555
| | - Anna M. Gruzdeva
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Marina A. Roshchina
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, 117485 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ksenia A. Toropova
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.T.); (K.V.A.)
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory for Neurobiology of Memory, P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin V. Anokhin
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.T.); (K.V.A.)
- Laboratory for Neurobiology of Memory, P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
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Lauterborn JC, Scaduto P, Cox CD, Schulmann A, Lynch G, Gall CM, Keene CD, Limon A. Increased excitatory to inhibitory synaptic ratio in parietal cortex samples from individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2603. [PMID: 33972518 PMCID: PMC8110554 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic disturbances in excitatory to inhibitory (E/I) balance in forebrain circuits are thought to contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia, although direct evidence for such imbalance in humans is lacking. We assessed anatomical and electrophysiological synaptic E/I ratios in post-mortem parietal cortex samples from middle-aged individuals with AD (early-onset) or Down syndrome (DS) by fluorescence deconvolution tomography and microtransplantation of synaptic membranes. Both approaches revealed significantly elevated E/I ratios for AD, but not DS, versus controls. Gene expression studies in an independent AD cohort also demonstrated elevated E/I ratios in individuals with AD as compared to controls. These findings provide evidence of a marked pro-excitatory perturbation of synaptic E/I balance in AD parietal cortex, a region within the default mode network that is overly active in the disorder, and support the hypothesis that E/I imbalances disrupt cognition-related shifts in cortical activity which contribute to the intellectual decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Lauterborn
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Pietro Scaduto
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases. School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
| | - Conor D Cox
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anton Schulmann
- National Institute of Mental Health, Human Genetics Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gary Lynch
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Christine M Gall
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Agenor Limon
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases. School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA.
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8
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Kawakami Y, L Murashima Y, Tsukimoto M, Okada H, Miyatake C, Takagi A, Ogawa J, Itoh Y. The Roles of Dominance of the Nitric Oxide Fractions Nitrate and Nitrite in the Epilepsy-Prone EL Mouse Brain. J NIPPON MED SCH 2021; 88:189-193. [PMID: 34193742 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2021_88-402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is thought to be closely related to epileptogenesis. We have previously reported that nitric oxide (NO) levels are higher in epilepsy-prone EL mice between the ages of 3 and 8 weeks than in control mice. However, NO is divided into two fractions, nitrite (NO2) and nitrate (NO3), which appear to play different roles in epileptogenesis. METHODS NO2 and NO3 levels were measured, in EL mice and the control mice, in the parietal cortex, which is thought to be the primary epileptogenetic center in EL mice, and measured in the hippocampus, which is thought to be the secondary center. RESULTS NO3 levels in the hippocampus and parietal cortex of the immature EL mice (3 to 8 weeks of age) were significantly higher than those in the control mice; NO2 levels were significantly higher in the EL mice throughout the study period. The NO3 levels were significantly higher than the NO2 levels in the immature EL mice, but after the onset of ictogenesis at 10 weeks of age, the relative levels of the two fractions reversed. CONCLUSION The reversal of the NO fraction distribution at the onset of seizures that we observed may be related to the developmental process of seizure susceptibility in the neural network of EL mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Kawakami
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital
| | | | - Mitsutoshi Tsukimoto
- Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | | | | | | | - Juri Ogawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School
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9
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Gonen OM, Moffat BA, Kwan P, O’Brien TJ, Desmond PM, Lui E. Resting-state functional connectivity and quantitation of glutamate and GABA of the PCC/precuneus by magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7T in healthy individuals. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244491. [PMID: 33373387 PMCID: PMC7771854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) is the main large-scale network of the resting brain and the PCC/precuneus is a major hub of this network. Glutamate and GABA (γ-amino butyric acid) are the main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the CNS, respectively. We studied glutamate and GABA concentrations in the PCC/precuneus via magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 7T in relation to age and correlated them with functional connectivity between this region and other DMN nodes in ten healthy right-handed volunteers ranging in age between 23–68 years. Mean functional connectivity of the PCC/precuneus to the other DMN nodes and the glutamate/GABA ratio significantly correlated with age (r = 0.802, p = 0.005 and r = 0.793, p = 0.006, respectively) but not with each other. Glutamate and GABA alone did not significantly correlate with age nor with functional connectivity within the DMN. The glutamate/GABA ratio and functional connectivity of the PCC/precuneus are, therefore, independent age-related biomarkers of the DMN and may be combined in a multimodal pipeline to study DMN alterations in various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer M. Gonen
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Bradford A. Moffat
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J. O’Brien
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patricia M. Desmond
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elaine Lui
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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Zhao X, Chang G, Cheng Y, Zhou Z. GABA A Receptor/STEP61 Signaling Pathway May Be Involved in Emulsified Isoflurane Anesthesia in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4078. [PMID: 32517358 PMCID: PMC7312199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Emulsified isoflurane (EISO) is a type of intravenous anesthetic. How emulsified isoflurane works in the brain is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore whether epigenetic mechanisms affect anesthesia and to evaluate the anesthetic effects of emulsified isoflurane in rats. (2) Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8/group): The tail vein was injected with normal saline 0.1 mL·kg-1·min-1for the control (Con) group, with intralipid for the fat emulsion (FE) group, with EISO at 60 mg·kg-1·min-1 for the high-concentration (HD) group, and 45 mg·kg-1·min-1 for the low-concentration (LD) group. The consciousness state, motor function of limbs, and response to nociceptive stimulus were observed after drug administration. (3) Results: Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess the promoter methylation of ion channel proteins in the cerebral cortex of rats anesthetized by EISO, we demonstrated that the change in the promoters' methylation of the coding genes for gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor α1 subunit (GABAAα1), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 (NMDAR1), and mu opioid receptor 1 (OPRM1) was accompanied by the change in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression by these genes. (4) Conclusion: These data suggest that the epigenetic factors' modulation might offer a novel approach to explore the anesthetic mechanism of EISO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhenlei Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.Z.); (G.C.); (Y.C.)
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11
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Laurent A, Artiges E, Mellerio C, Boutin-Watine M, Landré E, Semah F, Chassoux F. Metabolic correlates of cognitive impairment in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 105:106948. [PMID: 32062107 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.106948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to determine the correlations between brain metabolism and cognitive impairment in patients with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). METHODS [18F]-FluoroDeoxyGlucose positron emission tomography ([18F]-FDG-PET) and neuropsychological assessment were performed in 97 patients with MTLE (53 females, 15-56 years old, mean: 31.6 years, standard deviation (SD) = 10.4) with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS, 49 left). We compared brain metabolism and gray matter volume (GMV) between patients with cognitive impairment (intelligence quotient (IQ) and memory index <80) and patients with normal cognition, using statistical parametric mapping (SPM), in the whole population then in right and left HS (RHS, LHS) separately. RESULTS Intelligence quotient (40-121, mean: 83.7 ± 16.9) and memory index (45-133, mean: 80.7 ± 19.3) were impaired in 43% and 51% of the patients, respectively, similarly in RHS and LHS. We did not find any correlations between IQ and clinical factors related to epilepsy; however, there was a significant correlation between low memory index and early age of onset in LHS (p = 0.021), and widespread epileptogenic zone in the whole population (p = 0.033). Impaired IQ correlated with extratemporal hypometabolism, involving frontoparietal networks implicated in the default mode network (DMN), predominantly in the midline cortices. Metabolic asymmetry regarding HS lateralization included the precuneus (pC) in LHS and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in RHS, both areas corresponding to key nodes of the DMN. Memory index correlated with the same frontoparietal networks as for IQ, with an additional involvement of the temporal lobes, which was ipsilateral in RHS and contralateral in LHS. A diffuse decrease of GMV including the ipsilateral hippocampus correlated with cognitive impairment; however, the structural alterations did not match with the hypometabolic areas. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive impairment in MTLE correlates with extratemporal hypometabolism, involving the mesial frontoparietal networks implicated in the DMN and suggesting a disconnection with the affected hippocampus. Asymmetric alterations of connectivity may sustain the predominant ACC and pC metabolic decrease in patients with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Laurent
- Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, GHU Paris Sainte-Anne, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- INSERM U1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry,", Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University, Psychiatry Department, 91G16 Orsay, France
| | - Charles Mellerio
- Department of Neuroradiology, GHU Paris Sainte-Anne, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Magali Boutin-Watine
- Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, GHU Paris Sainte-Anne, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Landré
- Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, GHU Paris Sainte-Anne, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Franck Semah
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and INSERM U1171, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Francine Chassoux
- Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, GHU Paris Sainte-Anne, 75014 Paris, France; Nuclear Medicine Department, SHFJ, Orsay, France; University Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France.
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12
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Xiang B, Yang J, Zhang J, Yu M, Huang C, He W, Lei W, Chen J, Liu K. The role of genes affected by human evolution marker GNA13 in schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 98:109764. [PMID: 31676466 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Numerous variants associated with increased risk for SCZ have undergone positive selection and were associated with human brain development, but which brain regions and developmental stages were influenced by the positive selection for SCZ risk alleles are unclear. We analyzed SCZ using summary statistics from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC). Machine-learning scores were used to investigate two natural-selection scenarios: complete selection (loci where a selected allele has reached fixation) and incomplete selection (loci where a selected allele has not yet reached fixation). Based on the p value of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with selection scores in the top 5%, we formed five subgroups: p < 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.05, or 0.1. We found that 48 and 29 genes (p < 0.0001) in complete and incomplete selection, respectively, were enrichedfor the transcriptionalco-expressionprofilein theprenatal dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DFC), inferior parietal cortex (IPC), and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VFC). Core genes (GNA13, TBC1D19, and ZMYM4) involved in regulating early brain development were identified in these three brain regions. RNA sequencing for primary cortical neurons that were transfected Gna13 overexpressed lentivirus demonstrated that 135 gene expression levels changed in the Gna13 overexpressed groups compared with the controls. Gene-set analysis identified important associations among common variants of these 13 genes, which were associated with neurodevelopment and putamen volume [p = 0.031; family-wise error correction (FWEC)], SCZ (p = 0.022; FWEC). The study indicate that certain SCZ risk alleles were likely to undergo positive selection during human evolution due to their involvement in the development of prenatal DFC, IPC and VFC, and suggest that SCZ is related to abnormal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Juanjuan Yang
- Department of cell Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Minglan Yu
- Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chaohua Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wenying He
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kezhi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China.
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Leparulo A, Mahmud M, Scremin E, Pozzan T, Vassanelli S, Fasolato C. Dampened Slow Oscillation Connectivity Anticipates Amyloid Deposition in the PS2APP Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010054. [PMID: 31878336 PMCID: PMC7016892 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To fight Alzheimer's disease (AD), we should know when, where, and how brain network dysfunctions initiate. In AD mouse models, relevant information can be derived from brain electrical activity. With a multi-site linear probe, we recorded local field potentials simultaneously at the posterior-parietal cortex and hippocampus of wild-type and double transgenic AD mice, under anesthesia. We focused on PS2APP (B6.152H) mice carrying both presenilin-2 (PS2) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutations, at three and six months of age, before and after plaque deposition respectively. To highlight defects linked to either the PS2 or APP mutation, we included in the analysis age-matched PS2.30H and APP-Swedish mice, carrying each of the mutations individually. Our study also included PSEN2-/- mice. At three months, only predeposition B6.152H mice show a reduction in the functional connectivity of slow oscillations (SO) and in the power ratio between SO and delta waves. At six months, plaque-seeding B6.152H mice undergo a worsening of the low/high frequency power imbalance and show a massive loss of cortico-hippocampal phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) between SO and higher frequencies, a feature shared with amyloid-free PS2.30H mice. We conclude that the PS2 mutation is sufficient to impair SO PAC and accelerate network dysfunctions in amyloid-accumulating mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Leparulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.L.); (M.M.); (E.S.); (T.P.)
| | - Mufti Mahmud
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.L.); (M.M.); (E.S.); (T.P.)
| | - Elena Scremin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.L.); (M.M.); (E.S.); (T.P.)
| | - Tullio Pozzan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.L.); (M.M.); (E.S.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute-Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via G. Orus 2B, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Vassanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.L.); (M.M.); (E.S.); (T.P.)
- Padua Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via G. Orus 2B, 35129 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (C.F.); Tel.: +39-049-8275337 (S.V.); +39-049-8276065 (C.F.); Fax: +39-049-8276049 (S.V.); +39-049-8276049 (C.F.)
| | - Cristina Fasolato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.L.); (M.M.); (E.S.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (C.F.); Tel.: +39-049-8275337 (S.V.); +39-049-8276065 (C.F.); Fax: +39-049-8276049 (S.V.); +39-049-8276049 (C.F.)
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14
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Bartha-Doering L, Alexopoulos J, Giordano V, Stelzer L, Kainz T, Benavides-Varela S, Wartenburger I, Klebermass-Schrehof K, Olischar M, Seidl R, Berger A. Absence of neural speech discrimination in preterm infants at term-equivalent age. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 39:100679. [PMID: 31437736 PMCID: PMC6969359 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Children born preterm are at higher risk to develop language deficits. Auditory speech discrimination deficits may be early signs for language developmental problems. The present study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate neural speech discrimination in 15 preterm infants at term-equivalent age compared to 15 full term neonates. The full term group revealed a significantly greater hemodynamic response to forward compared to backward speech within the left hemisphere extending from superior temporal to inferior parietal and middle and inferior frontal areas. In contrast, the preterm group did not show differences in their hemodynamic responses during forward versus backward speech, thus, they did not discriminate speech from non-speech. Groups differed significantly in their responses to forward speech, whereas they did not differ in their responses to backward speech. The significant differences between groups point to an altered development of the functional network underlying language acquisition in preterm infants as early as in term-equivalent age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bartha-Doering
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Johanna Alexopoulos
- Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vito Giordano
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Stelzer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Kainz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Benavides-Varela
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Isabell Wartenburger
- Cognitive Sciences, Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katrin Klebermass-Schrehof
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Olischar
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Seidl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Javaheripour N, Shahdipour N, Noori K, Zarei M, Camilleri JA, Laird AR, Fox PT, Eickhoff SB, Eickhoff CR, Rosenzweig I, Khazaie H, Tahmasian M. Functional brain alterations in acute sleep deprivation: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2019; 46:64-73. [PMID: 31063939 PMCID: PMC7279069 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is a common problem in modern societies, which leads to cognitive dysfunctions including attention lapses, impaired working memory, hindering decision making, impaired emotional processing, and motor vehicle accidents. Numerous neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural correlates of SD, but these studies have reported inconsistent results. Thus, we aimed to identify convergent patterns of abnormal brain functions due to acute SD. Based on the preferred reporting for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement, we searched the PubMed database and performed reference tracking and finally retrieved 31 eligible functional neuroimaging studies. Then, we applied activation estimation likelihood meta-analysis and found reduced activity mainly in the right intraparietal sulcus and superior parietal lobule. The functional decoding analysis using the BrainMap database indicated that this region is mostly related to visuospatial perception, memory and reasoning. The significant co-activation of this region using the BrainMap database were found in the left superior parietal lobule, intraparietal sulcus, bilateral occipital cortex, left fusiform gyrus and thalamus. This region also connected with the superior parietal lobule, intraparietal sulcus, insula, inferior frontal gyrus, precentral, occipital and cerebellum through resting-state functional connectivity in healthy subjects. Taken together, our findings highlight the role of superior parietal cortex in SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Javaheripour
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Shahdipour
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Noori
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Zarei
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Julia A Camilleri
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Healthcare System University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1; INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia R Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1; INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, GSTT NHS, London, UK; Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, IOPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Habibolah Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Masoud Tahmasian
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Bulgarelli C, Blasi A, de Klerk CCJM, Richards JE, Hamilton A, Southgate V. Fronto-temporoparietal connectivity and self-awareness in 18-month-olds: A resting state fNIRS study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 38:100676. [PMID: 31299480 PMCID: PMC6969340 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
How and when a concept of the 'self' emerges has been the topic of much interest in developmental psychology. Self-awareness has been proposed to emerge at around 18 months, when toddlers start to show evidence of physical self-recognition. However, to what extent physical self-recognition is a valid indicator of being able to think about oneself, is debated. Research in adult cognitive neuroscience has suggested that a common network of brain regions called Default Mode Network (DMN), including the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), is recruited when we are reflecting on the self. We hypothesized that if mirror self-recognition involves self-awareness, toddlers who exhibit mirror self-recognition might show increased functional connectivity between frontal and temporoparietal regions of the brain, relative to those toddlers who do not yet show mirror self-recognition. Using fNIRS, we collected resting-state data from 18 Recognizers and 22 Non-Recognizers at 18 months of age. We found significantly stronger fronto-temporoparietal connectivity in Recognizers compared to Non-Recognizers, a finding which might support the hypothesized relationship between mirror-self recognition and self-awareness in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bulgarelli
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK; Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, UK.
| | - Anna Blasi
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK; Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, UK
| | - Carina C J M de Klerk
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Essex, UK
| | - John E Richards
- University of South Carolina, Institute for Mind and Brain, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Antonia Hamilton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
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Tyler RE, Kim SW, Guo M, Jang YJ, Damadzic R, Stodden T, Vendruscolo LF, Koob GF, Wang GJ, Wiers CE, Volkow ND. Detecting neuroinflammation in the brain following chronic alcohol exposure in rats: A comparison between in vivo and in vitro TSPO radioligand binding. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:1831-1842. [PMID: 30803059 PMCID: PMC10714130 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with neuroinflammation, which likely contributes to alcohol-related pathology. However, positron emission tomography (PET) studies using radioligands for the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), which is considered a biomarker of neuroinflammation, reported decreased binding in alcohol use disorder (AUD) participants compared to controls. In contrast, autoradiographic findings in alcohol exposed rats reported increases in TSPO radioligand binding. To assess if these discrepancies reflected differences between in vitro and in vivo methodologies, we compared in vitro autoradiography (using [3 H]PBR28 and [3 H]PK11195) with in vivo PET (using [11 C]PBR28) in male, Wistar rats exposed to chronic alcohol-vapor (dependent n = 10) and in rats exposed to air-vapor (nondependent n = 10). PET scans were obtained with [11 C]PBR28, after which rats were euthanized and the brains were harvested for autoradiography with [3 H]PBR28 and [3 H]PK11195 (n = 7 dependent and n = 7 nondependent), and binding quantified in hippocampus, thalamus, and parietal cortex. Autoradiography revealed significantly higher binding in alcohol-dependent rats for both radioligands in thalamus and hippocampus (trend level for [3 H]PBR28) compared to nondependent rats, and these group differences were stronger for [3 H]PK11195 than [3 H]PBR28. In contrast, PET measures obtained in the same rats showed no group difference in [11 C]PBR28 binding. Our in vitro data are consistent with neuroinflammation associated with chronic alcohol exposure. Failure to observe similar increases in [11 C]PBR28 binding in vivo suggests the possibility that a mechanism mediated by chronic alcohol exposure interferes with [11 C]PBR28 binding to TSPO in vivo. These data question the sensitivity of PBR28 PET as a methodology to assess neuroinflammation in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E. Tyler
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sung Won Kim
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Min Guo
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yeon Joo Jang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ruslan Damadzic
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tyler Stodden
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leandro F. Vendruscolo
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - George F. Koob
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Corinde E. Wiers
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland
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18
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Ryzhavskii BY, Lebed'ko OA, Lazinskaya OV. Immediate and Delayed Effects of Food Restriction on Some Parameters of Brain Development in Rats. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:104-110. [PMID: 31177452 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 15-day restriction diet (from 1 to 1.5 months of age) on some parameters of brain development were studied in rats. The immediate and delayed (15 days after transfer to normal ration) effects were evaluated. The immediate effects included a significant decrease of the absolute weights of the brain and hemispheres. The relative weight of the brain was significantly higher. The thickness of the cortex of the parietal lobe proper and its layer I decreased. The absolute weights of the brain and hemispheres were less than in the control 15 days after the rats were transferred to ad libitum feeding, while the relative weight of the brain was higher than in controls. The thickness of the parietal and anterior parietal cortex and the numerical density of neurons in layers II and V did not differ from the control. In the neurons of layers II and V of the anterior parietal and parietal lobe proper the nuclei were larger, while the nucleoli were enlarged in the neurons of these locations and the hippocampus, the shifts being significant in the anterior parietal layer V. The concentrations of RNA in the parietal, anterior parietal, and hippocampal lobe neurons in different groups were similar directly and 15 days after the diet. Changes in the gravimetric and morphometric parameters of the brain were paralleled by the development of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ya Ryzhavskii
- Department of Histology, Embryology, and Cytology, Far-Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russia.
| | - O A Lebed'ko
- Department of Histology, Embryology, and Cytology, Far-Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russia
- Khabarovsk Affiliated Department of Far-Eastern Center of Respiration Physiology and Pathology - Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood Protection, Khabarovsk, Russia
| | - O V Lazinskaya
- Department of Histology, Embryology, and Cytology, Far-Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russia
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Rousseau PF, Malbos E, Verger A, Nicolas F, Lançon C, Khalfa S, Guedj E. Increase of precuneus metabolism correlates with reduction of PTSD symptoms after EMDR therapy in military veterans: an 18F-FDG PET study during virtual reality exposure to war. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:1817-1821. [PMID: 31152209 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is higher among veterans, and can lead to disastrous consequences such as suicide. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is recommended in first-line psychotherapies for PTSD. Virtual reality exposure (VRE) coupled with 18F-FDG PET imaging can highlight the activated brain regions during stress exposure. The objective of this study is to identify, after EMDR therapy, the regions of brain metabolism that evolve during the stress exposure of a war scene with symptomatic remission in a group of military veterans suffering from PTSD, and to secondarily search for predictive metabolic features. METHODS We recruited 15 military veterans suffering from PTSD who performed an 18F-FDG PET sensitized by the exposure to a virtual war scene, before (T0) and after (T1) EMDR therapy. Statistical parametric mapping was used to compare brain metabolism before and after treatment and to study correlations between metabolism and evolution scores on PTSD clinical scales (PTSD Checklist Scale, PCLS; Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, CAPS). RESULTS The metabolic activity of the precuneus was increased after EMDR therapy (p < 0.005 uncorrected, k > 180) and correlated with clinical improvement with the CAPS scale (r = -0.73 and p < 0.001). Moreover, the precuneus metabolic value before therapy predicted the clinical improvement on the PCLS scale (T1-T0) after EMDR (r = -0.667 and p < 0.006). CONCLUSION The clinical improvement in military patients with PTSD after EMDR is related to increased precuneus metabolism upon VR stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Rousseau
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives, Aix-Marseille Université CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - E Malbos
- Department of Psychiatry, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - A Verger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Nancyclotep Imaging Platform, CHRU Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy, France
- IADI, INSERM, UMR 1254, Lorraine University, Nancy, France
| | - F Nicolas
- Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Sainte-Anne, Toulon, France
| | - C Lançon
- Department of Psychiatry, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - S Khalfa
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives, Aix-Marseille Université CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Guedj
- CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Marseille, UMR 7249, Institut Fresnel, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France.
- CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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20
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Bourassa P, Tremblay C, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Calon F. Beta-amyloid pathology in human brain microvessel extracts from the parietal cortex: relation with cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:801-823. [PMID: 30729296 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Several pieces of evidence suggest that blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), exemplified by the frequent occurrence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and the defective clearance of Aβ peptides. However, the specific role of brain microvascular cells in these anomalies remains elusive. In this study, we validated by Western, ELISA and immunofluorescence analyses a procedure to generate microvasculature-enriched fractions from frozen samples of human cerebral cortex. We then investigated Aβ and proteins involved in its clearance or production in microvessel extracts generated from the parietal cortex of 60 volunteers in the Religious Orders Study. Volunteers were categorized as AD (n = 38) or controls (n = 22) based on the ABC scoring method presented in the revised guidelines for the neuropathological diagnosis of AD. Higher ELISA-determined concentrations of vascular Aβ40 and Aβ42 were found in persons with a neuropathological diagnosis of AD, in apoE4 carriers and in participants with advanced parenchymal CAA, compared to respective age-matched controls. Vascular levels of two proteins involved in Aβ clearance, ABCB1 and neprilysin, were lower in persons with AD and positively correlated with cognitive function, while being inversely correlated to vascular Aβ40. In contrast, BACE1, a protein necessary for Aβ production, was increased in individuals with AD and in apoE4 carriers, negatively correlated to cognitive function and positively correlated to Aβ40 in microvessel extracts. The present report indicates that concentrating microvessels from frozen human brain samples facilitates the quantitative biochemical analysis of cerebrovascular dysfunction in CNS disorders. Data generated overall show that microvessels extracted from individuals with parenchymal CAA-AD contained more Aβ and BACE1 and less ABCB1 and neprilysin, evidencing a pattern of dysfunction in brain microvascular cells contributing to CAA and AD pathology and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bourassa
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Room T2-67, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Room T2-67, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Room T2-67, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Mock J, Huber S, Bloechle J, Bahnmueller J, Moeller K, Klein E. Processing symbolic and non-symbolic proportions: Domain-specific numerical and domain-general processes in intraparietal cortex. Brain Res 2019; 1714:133-146. [PMID: 30825420 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on the processing of fractions and proportions focused mainly on the processing of their overall magnitude information in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). However, the IPS is also associated with domain-general cognitive functions beyond processing overall magnitude, which may nevertheless be involved in operating on magnitude information of proportions. To pursue this issue, the present study aimed at investigating whether there is a shared neural correlate for proportion processing in the intraparietal cortex beyond overall magnitude processing and how part-whole relations are processed on the neural level. Across four presentation formats (i.e., fractions, decimals, dot patterns, and pie charts) we observed a shared neural substrate in bilateral inferior parietal cortex, slightly anterior and inferior to IPS areas recently found for overall magnitude proportion processing. Nevertheless, when evaluating the neural correlates of part-whole processing (i.e., contrasting fractions, dot patterns, and pie charts vs. decimals), we found wide-spread activation in fronto-parietal brain areas. These results indicate involvement of domain-general cognitive processes in part-whole processing beyond processing the overall magnitude of proportions. The dissociation between proportions involving part-whole relations and decimals was further substantiated by a representational similarity analysis, which revealed common neural processing for fractions, pie charts, and dot patterns, possibly representing their bipartite part-whole structure. In contrast, decimals seemed to be processed differently on the neural level, possibly reflecting missing processes of actual proportion calculation in decimals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mock
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstraße 6, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Huber
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstraße 6, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Bloechle
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstraße 6, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Division of Neuropsychology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julia Bahnmueller
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstraße 6, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School, University of Tuebingen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Korbinian Moeller
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstraße 6, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Psychology, Eberhardt-Karls University Tuebingen, Schleichstraße 4, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School, University of Tuebingen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elise Klein
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstraße 6, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School, University of Tuebingen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
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Xiong Z, Zhang K, Ren Q, Chang L, Chen J, Hashimoto K. Increased expression of inwardly rectifying Kir4.1 channel in the parietal cortex from patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:265-269. [PMID: 30419525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inwardly rectifying K+ channel subtype Kir4.1 has been well studied in the astrocyte within brain; however, the precise role of this protein in psychiatric disorders is unknown. Kir4.1 is also known to interact with GABAB receptors which may be implicated in psychiatric disorders. Here we studied whether expression of Kir4.1 and GABAB receptors was altered in the postmortem brain samples (parietal cortex and cerebellum) from patients with major psychiatric disorders. METHODS Protein expression of Kir4.1 and GABAB receptors in the parietal cortex and cerebellum from control, major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SZ), and bipolar disorder (BD) groups was measured. RESULTS Levels of Kir4.1 in the parietal cortex from MDD group, but not SZ and BD groups, were significantly higher than the control group. Furthermore, levels of GABAB receptor subunit 1 in the parietal cortex from MDD group and SZ group, but not BD group, were also significantly higher than the control group. Interestingly, there was a positive correlation between Kir4.1 protein and GABAB receptor subunit 1 in the parietal cortex from control group, but not MDD group. LIMITATIONS The small number in each group may limit our interpretation. Only two brain regions were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Abnormalities in the interaction of Kir4.1 and GABAB receptor in the parietal cortex might play a role in the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Xiong
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Qian Ren
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Lijia Chang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Jincao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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Chindemi C, Cirielli V, Cima L, Danzi O, Raniero D, Tagliaro F, Turrina S, Eccher A, Ghimenton C, Bortolotti F, Brunelli M, De Leo D. Autophagy pathways in drug abusers after forensic autopsy: LC3B, ph-mTOR and p70S6K analysis. Med Sci Law 2019; 59:49-56. [PMID: 30852985 DOI: 10.1177/0025802419828910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autophagy plays a role in various central nervous system diseases. Little is known about its molecular activation in drug addiction. Our aim was to investigate the signalling pathways of autophagy in brain tissues from drug abusers. METHODS Twenty-five drug abusers with acute lethal intoxication and 10 controls were medico-legally autopsied. Brain-tissue samples from the parietal cortex and cerebellum were obtained. Expression of LC3B, phospho-mTOR (ph-mTOR) and phospho70S6 Kinase (p70S6K) was identified in tissue microarrays, with three tissue spots per case. Blood, urine or vitreous humour were tested in all cases to identify the acute intoxication. Hair analysis was performed in 14 cases to confirm chronic intoxication; the remaining cases had a documented medical history of chronic abuse. RESULTS The autophagy marker LC3B was always positive on both the cortex and the cerebellum, stratified as strongly in 18 (72%) cases and weakly positive in seven (28%) cases. ph-mTOR was negative in all cases. The p70S6K molecule showed positivity in 14 (56%) cases on cortex tissue. The cerebellum was always negative, except for Purkinje cells. Drug abusers had statistically more double positive cases (LC3B-p70S6K) than controls ( p=0.0094). CONCLUSION Autophagy pathways were activated in our series, and 56% of drug abusers showed simultaneous LC3B-p70S6K immunoexpression on tissue from the parietal cortex and cerebellum. This may be of value in autopsy practice as an indicator of brain damage due to drug abuse and could serve as alternative or additional double sensitive diagnostic method to detect drug-related deaths using a tissue-based rationale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Chindemi
- 1 Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Legal Medicine and Forensic Pathology Unit, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Italy
| | - Vito Cirielli
- 1 Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Legal Medicine and Forensic Pathology Unit, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Cima
- 2 Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Pathology Unit, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Italy
| | - Olivia Danzi
- 3 Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Italy
| | - Dario Raniero
- 1 Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Legal Medicine and Forensic Pathology Unit, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Italy
| | - Franco Tagliaro
- 1 Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Legal Medicine and Forensic Pathology Unit, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Italy
- 4 Institute of Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russia
| | - Stefania Turrina
- 1 Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Legal Medicine and Forensic Pathology Unit, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Italy
| | - Albino Eccher
- 2 Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Pathology Unit, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Ghimenton
- 2 Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Pathology Unit, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Bortolotti
- 1 Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Legal Medicine and Forensic Pathology Unit, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- 1 Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Legal Medicine and Forensic Pathology Unit, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Italy
| | - Domenico De Leo
- 1 Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Legal Medicine and Forensic Pathology Unit, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Italy
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Tudorascu DL, Anderson SJ, Minhas DS, Yu Z, Comer D, Lao P, Hartley S, Laymon CM, Snitz BE, Lopresti BJ, Johnson S, Price JC, Mathis CA, Aizenstein HJ, Klunk WE, Handen BL, Christian BT, Cohen AD. Comparison of longitudinal Aβ in nondemented elderly and Down syndrome. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 73:171-176. [PMID: 30359879 PMCID: PMC6251757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) predisposes individuals to early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using Pittsburgh Compound B ([11C]PiB), a pattern of striatal amyloid beta (Aβ) that is elevated relative to neocortical binding has been reported, similar to that of nondemented autosomal dominant AD mutation carriers. However, it is not known whether changes in striatal and neocortical [11C]PiB retention differ over time in a nondemented DS population when compared to changes in a nondemented elderly (NDE) population. The purpose of this work was to assess longitudinal changes in trajectories of Aβ in a nondemented DS compared to an NDE cohort. The regional trajectories for anterior ventral striatum (AVS), frontal cortex, and precuneus [11C]PiB retention were explored over time using linear mixed effects models with fixed effects of time, cohort, and time-by-cohort interactions and subject as random effects. Significant differences between DS and NDE cohort trajectories for all 3 region of interests were observed (p < 0.05), with the DS cohort showing a faster accumulation in the AVS and slower accumulation in the frontal cortex and precuneus compared to the NDE cohort. These data add to the previously reported distinct pattern of early striatal deposition not commonly seen in sporadic AD by demonstrating that individuals with DS may also accumulate Aβ at a rate faster in the AVS when compared to NDE subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Tudorascu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stewart J Anderson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Davneet S Minhas
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zheming Yu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Diane Comer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Lao
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sigan Hartley
- Department of Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA; Departments of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charles M Laymon
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Biongeenering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beth E Snitz
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian J Lopresti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sterling Johnson
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julie C Price
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chester A Mathis
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Howard J Aizenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William E Klunk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Handen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brad T Christian
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ann D Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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25
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Kageyama Y, Saito A, Pletnikova O, Rudow GL, Irie Y, An Y, Murakami K, Irie K, Resnick SM, Fowler DR, Martin LJ, Troncoso JC. Amyloid β toxic conformer has dynamic localization in the human inferior parietal cortex in absence of amyloid plaques. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16895. [PMID: 30442978 PMCID: PMC6237870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, its distribution and clearance before Aβ plaque formation needs to be elucidated. Using an optimized immunofluorescent staining method, we examined the distribution of Aβ in the post-mortem parietal cortex of 35 subjects, 30 to 65 years of age, APOE ε3/ε3, without AD lesions. We used 11A1, an antibody against an Aβ conformer which forms neurotoxic oligomers. 11A1 immunoreactivity (IR) was present in cortical neurons, pericapillary spaces, astrocytes and the extracellular compartment at 30 years of age. The percentage of neurons with 11A1 IR did not change with age, but the number and percentage of astrocytes with 11A1 IR gradually increased. Notably, the percentage of pericapillary spaces labeled with 11A1 IR declined significantly in the 5th decade of the life, at the same time that 11A1 IR increased in the extracellular space. Our findings indicate that the Aβ toxic conformer is normally present in various cell types and brain parenchyma, and appears to be constitutively produced, degraded, and cleared from the inferior parietal cortex. The decrease in pericapillary Aβ and the concomitant increase of extracellular Aβ may reflect an age-associated impairment in Aβ clearance from the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kageyama
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Gay L Rudow
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yumi Irie
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, NIH/NIA/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kazuma Murakami
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, NIH/NIA/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David R Fowler
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lee J Martin
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Ford TC, Simpson T, McPhee G, Stough C, Downey LA. Trait and state anxiety is marked by increased working memory-related parietal BOLD signal. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 278:92-97. [PMID: 29880255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is associated with compromised cognitive control functions, such as working memory. State and trait anxiety within the non-clinical population can be utilised to investigate potential neural markers for anxiety, which may help to elucidate potential prevention and intervention methods. Thirty-two healthy adults (20 female, 12 male), aged between 30 and 65 years, performed a 2-back task whilst fMRI BOLD signal was acquired using a 3T scanner. Mean BOLD signal was obtained in cognitive control network regions of interest of: left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and posterior parietal lobe (PPL), and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). State and trait anxiety levels were recorded. Higher overall anxiety was moderately associated with more left and right PPL BOLD signal; there was a weak relationship between anxiety and left DLPFC BOLD signal. MPFC BOLD signal and trait anxiety were moderately associated with overall 2-back task performance. These findings suggest that non-clinical anxiety affects the recruitment of cortical resources during working memory, but that anxiety does not impair performance during a 2-back task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talitha C Ford
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Tamara Simpson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Grace McPhee
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luke A Downey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia; Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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Solana E, Martinez-Heras E, Martinez-Lapiscina EH, Sepulveda M, Sola-Valls N, Bargalló N, Berenguer J, Blanco Y, Andorra M, Pulido-Valdeolivas I, Zubizarreta I, Saiz A, Llufriu S. Magnetic resonance markers of tissue damage related to connectivity disruption in multiple sclerosis. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 20:161-168. [PMID: 30094165 PMCID: PMC6072676 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) display reduced structural connectivity among brain regions, but the pathogenic mechanisms underlying network disruption are still unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between the loss of diffusion-based structural connectivity, measured with graph theory metrics, and magnetic resonance (MR) markers of microstructural damage. Moreover, we evaluated the cognitive consequences of connectivity changes. We analysed the frontoparietal network in 102 MS participants and 25 healthy volunteers (HV). MR measures included radial diffusivity (RD), as marker of demyelination, and ratios of myo-inositol, N-acetylaspartate and glutamate+glutamine with creatine in white (WM) and grey matter as markers of astrogliosis, neuroaxonal integrity and glutamatergic neurotoxicity. Patients showed decreased global and local efficiency, and increased assortativity (p < 0.01) of the network, as well as increased RD and myo-inositol, and decreased N-acetylaspartate in WM compared with HV (p < 0.05). In patients, the age-adjusted OR of presenting abnormal global and local efficiency was increased for each increment of 0.01 points in RD and myo-inositol, while it was decreased for each increment of 0.01 points in N-acetylaspartate (the increase of N-acetylaspartate reduced the risk of having abnormal connectivity), all in WM. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, the OR of presenting abnormal global efficiency was 0.95 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.91–0.99, p = 0.011) for each 0.01 increase in N-acetylaspartate, and the OR of presenting abnormal local efficiency was 1.39 (95% CI: 1.14–1.71, p = 0.001) for each 0.01 increase in RD. Patients with abnormal efficiency had worse performance in attention, working memory and processing speed (p < 0.05). In conclusion, patients with MS exhibit decreased structural network efficiency driven by diffuse microstructural impairment of the WM, probably related to demyelination, astroglial and neuroaxonal damage. The accumulation of neuroaxonal pathological burden seems to magnify the risk of global network collapse, while demyelination may contribute to the regional disorganization. These network modifications have negative consequences on cognition. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying structural network disruption in MS are unknown. The microstructural damage of the white matter contributes to network impairment. The worsening of global efficiency is associated with markers of neuroaxonal burden. Local efficiency impairment is related to MR measures of demyelination. The described network modifications contribute to cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Solana
- Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eloy Martinez-Heras
- Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena H Martinez-Lapiscina
- Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Sepulveda
- Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Sola-Valls
- Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Bargalló
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Berenguer
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Blanco
- Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magi Andorra
- Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas
- Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irati Zubizarreta
- Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Saiz
- Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Llufriu
- Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Barcelona, Spain.
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Artemenko C, Soltanlou M, Ehlis AC, Nuerk HC, Dresler T. The neural correlates of mental arithmetic in adolescents: a longitudinal fNIRS study. Behav Brain Funct 2018; 14:5. [PMID: 29524965 PMCID: PMC5845230 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-018-0137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arithmetic processing in adults is known to rely on a frontal-parietal network. However, neurocognitive research focusing on the neural and behavioral correlates of arithmetic development has been scarce, even though the acquisition of arithmetic skills is accompanied by changes within the fronto-parietal network of the developing brain. Furthermore, experimental procedures are typically adjusted to constraints of functional magnetic resonance imaging, which may not reflect natural settings in which children and adolescents actually perform arithmetic. Therefore, we investigated the longitudinal neurocognitive development of processes involved in performing the four basic arithmetic operations in 19 adolescents. By using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, we were able to use an ecologically valid task, i.e., a written production paradigm. RESULTS A common pattern of activation in the bilateral fronto-parietal network for arithmetic processing was found for all basic arithmetic operations. Moreover, evidence was obtained for decreasing activation during subtraction over the course of 1 year in middle and inferior frontal gyri, and increased activation during addition and multiplication in angular and middle temporal gyri. In the self-paced block design, parietal activation in multiplication and left angular and temporal activation in addition were observed to be higher for simple than for complex blocks, reflecting an inverse effect of arithmetic complexity. CONCLUSIONS In general, the findings suggest that the brain network for arithmetic processing is already established in 12-14 year-old adolescents, but still undergoes developmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Artemenko
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mojtaba Soltanlou
- Department of Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience/IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Tuebingen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Nuerk
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Dresler
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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29
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Hatano K, Terao T, Hirakawa H, Kohno K, Mizokami Y, Ishii N. Cyclothymic temperament and glucose metabolism in the right superior parietal lobule. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 270:76-79. [PMID: 29107211 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cyclothymic temperament possesses a central dimension that includes rapid fluctuations in mood and emotional instability, and it is regarded as a prodromal state of bipolar disorder. The aim of the present study is to explore the neural correlates of cyclothymic temperament. We used the data of 55 healthy participants in our previous study and analyzed the association between cyclothymic temperament scores rated by the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) and the uptake of [18F]-FDG measured by positron emission tomography (PET). A whole brain analysis revealed a cluster of [18F]-FDG uptake significantly and positively associated with cyclothymic temperament scores, located in the right superior parietal lobule (SPL). Even after adjustment for relevant factors, there remained a significant cluster of [18F]-FDG uptake with cyclothymic temperament scores in the right SPL. In ROI analyses, there were similar significant peaks in the right SPL in association with cyclothymic temperament scores. These findings suggest that the right superior parietal lobule may be one of the neural correlates of cyclothymic temperament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hatano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Terao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Hirakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kohno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Mizokami
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Ishii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
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30
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Schreiner SJ, Kirchner T, Narkhede A, Wyss M, Van Bergen JMG, Steininger SC, Gietl A, Leh SE, Treyer V, Buck A, Pruessmann KP, Nitsch RM, Hock C, Henning A, Brickman AM, Unschuld PG. Brain amyloid burden and cerebrovascular disease are synergistically associated with neurometabolism in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 63:152-161. [PMID: 29310864 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of cognitive dysfunction in older adults. The pathological hallmarks of AD such as beta amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and neurometabolic change, as indicated by altered myo-inositol (mI) and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) levels, typically precede the onset of cognitive dysfunction by years. Furthermore, cerebrovascular disease occurs early in AD, but the interplay between vascular and neurometabolic brain change is largely unknown. Thirty cognitively normal older adults (age = 70 ± 5.6 years, Mini-Mental State Examination = 29.2 ± 1) received 11-C-Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography for estimating Aβ-plaque density, 7 Tesla fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging for quantifying white matter hyperintensity volume as a marker of small vessel cerebrovascular disease and high-resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 7 Tesla, based on free induction decay acquisition localized by outer volume suppression to investigate tissue-specific neurometabolism in the posterior cingulate and precuneus. Aβ (β = 0.45, p = 0.018) and white matter hyperintensities (β = 0.40, p = 0.046) were independently and interactively (β = -0.49, p = 0.026) associated with a higher ratio of mI over NAA (mI/NAA) in the posterior cingulate and precuneus gray matter but not in the white matter. Our data suggest that cerebrovascular disease and Aβ burden are synergistically associated with AD-related gray matter neurometabolism in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Schreiner
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Atul Narkhede
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, NY
| | - Michael Wyss
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiri M G Van Bergen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie C Steininger
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra E Leh
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaas P Pruessmann
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anke Henning
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, NY.
| | - Paul G Unschuld
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Kyeong S, Cha YJ, Ahn SG, Suh SH, Son EJ, Ahn SJ. Subtypes of breast cancer show different spatial distributions of brain metastases. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188542. [PMID: 29155879 PMCID: PMC5695816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that the spatial distribution of breast cancer brain metastases (BM) differ according to their biological subtypes. MR images of 100 patients with BM from primary breast cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided according to the biological subtype of the primary tumor, (triple-negative: 24, HER2 positive: 48, luminal: 28). All images marked with BMs were standardized to the human brain MRI atlas provided by the Montreal Neurological Institute 152 database. Distribution pattern of BM was evaluated with intra-group and intergroup analysis. In intra-group analysis, hot spots of metastases from triple-negative are evenly distributed in the brain, meanwhile BMs from HER2 positive and luminal type occur dominantly in occipital lobe and cerebellum. In intergroup analysis, BMs from triple-negative type occurred more often in frontal lobe, limbic region, and parietal lobe, compared with other types (P < .05). Breast cancer subtypes tend to demonstrate different spatial distributions of their BMs. These findings may have direct implications for dose modulation in prophylactic irradiation as well as for differential diagnoses. Thus, this result should be validated in future study with a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyon Kyeong
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Cha
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Gwe Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Suh
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Son
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jun Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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32
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Abstract
Making decisions based on choice-outcome history is a crucial, adaptive ability in life. However, the neural circuit mechanisms underlying history-dependent decision-making are poorly understood. In particular, history-related signals have been found in many brain areas during various decision-making tasks, but the causal involvement of these signals in guiding behavior is unclear. Here we addressed this issue utilizing behavioral modeling, two-photon calcium imaging, and optogenetic inactivation in mice. We report that a subset of neurons in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) closely reflect the choice-outcome history and history-dependent decision biases, and PPC inactivation diminishes the history dependency of choice. Specifically, many PPC neurons show history- and bias-tuning during the inter-trial intervals (ITI), and history dependency of choice is affected by PPC inactivation during ITI and not during trial. These results indicate that PPC is a critical region mediating the subjective use of history in biasing action selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Hwang
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Jeffrey E Dahlen
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Madan Mukundan
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Takaki Komiyama
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- JST, PRESTO, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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33
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Nelander M, Weis J, Bergman L, Larsson A, Wikström AK, Wikström J. Cerebral Magnesium Levels in Preeclampsia; A Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study. Am J Hypertens 2017; 30:667-672. [PMID: 28338765 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is used as a prophylaxis for eclamptic seizures. The exact mechanism of action is not fully established. We used phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) to investigate if cerebral magnesium (Mg2+) levels differ between women with preeclampsia, normal pregnant, and nonpregnant women. METHODS This cross-sectional study comprised 28 women with preeclampsia, 30 women with normal pregnancies in corresponding gestational week (range: 23-41 weeks) and 11 nonpregnant healthy controls. All women underwent 31P-MRS from the parieto-occipital region of the brain and were interviewed about cerebral symptoms. Differences between groups were assessed by analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test. Correlations between Mg2+ levels and specific neurological symptoms were estimated with Spearman's rank test. RESULTS Mean maternal cerebral Mg2+ levels were lower in women with preeclampsia (0.12 mM ± 0.02) compared to normal pregnant controls (0.14 mM ± 0.03) (P = 0.04). Nonpregnant and normal pregnant women did not differ in Mg2+ levels. Among women with preeclampsia, lower Mg2+ levels correlated with presence of visual disturbances (P = 0.04). Plasma levels of Mg2+ did not differ between preeclampsia and normal pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Women with preeclampsia have reduced cerebral Mg2+ levels, which could explain the potent antiseizure prophylactic properties of MgSO4. Within the preeclampsia group, women with visual disturbances have lower levels of Mg2+ than those without such symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nelander
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Weis
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lina Bergman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research, Dalarna, Sweden
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Wikström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Wikström
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kaur S, Birdsill AC, Steward K, Pasha E, Kruzliak P, Tanaka H, Haley AP. Higher visceral fat is associated with lower cerebral N-acetyl-aspartate ratios in middle-aged adults. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:727-733. [PMID: 28144886 PMCID: PMC6802935 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-9961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Excessive adipose tissue, particularly with a central distribution, consists of visceral fat, which is metabolically active and could impinge upon central nervous system functioning. The aim of the current study was to examine levels of visceral adiposity in relation to key cerebral metabolite ratios localized in the occipitoparietal grey matter. Seventy-three adults, aged between 40 and 60 years, underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and single voxel 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H MRS). Visceral fat was assessed using Dual Energy X Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Individuals with higher visceral fat mass and volume had significantly lower ratios of N-acetyl-aspartate to total creatine (phosphocreatine + creatine, PCr + Cr) (NAA/PCr + Cr) (β = -0.29, p = 0.03, β = -0.28, p = 0.04). They also had significantly higher ratios of myo-inositol to total creatine (mI/PCr + Cr ) (β = 0.36, p = 0.01, β = 0.36, p = 0.01). Visceral fat mass and volume were not significantly related to ratios of glutamate to total creatine (Glu/PCr + Cr). While future studies are necessary, these results indicate central adiposity is associated with metabolic changes that could impinge upon the central nervous system in middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Kaur
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 East Dean Keeton, Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Alex C Birdsill
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 East Dean Keeton, Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Kayla Steward
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 East Dean Keeton, Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Evan Pasha
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andreana P Haley
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 East Dean Keeton, Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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35
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Yang B, Ren Q, Zhang JC, Chen QX, Hashimoto K. Altered expression of BDNF, BDNF pro-peptide and their precursor proBDNF in brain and liver tissues from psychiatric disorders: rethinking the brain-liver axis. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1128. [PMID: 28509900 PMCID: PMC5534963 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a role in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. The precursor proBDNF is converted to mature BDNF and BDNF pro-peptide, the N-terminal fragment of proBDNF; however, the precise function of these proteins in psychiatric disorders is unknown. We sought to determine whether expression of these proteins is altered in the brain and peripheral tissues from patients with psychiatric disorders. We measured protein expression of proBDNF, mature BDNF and BDNF pro-peptide in the parietal cortex, cerebellum, liver and spleen from control, major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) groups. The levels of mature BDNF in the parietal cortex from MDD, SZ and BD groups were significantly lower than the control group, whereas the levels of BDNF pro-peptide in this area were significantly higher than controls. In contrast, the levels of proBDNF and BDNF pro-peptide in the cerebellum of MDD, SZ and BD groups were significantly lower than controls. Moreover, the levels of mature BDNF from the livers of MDD, SZ and BD groups were significantly higher than the control group. The levels of mature BDNF in the spleen did not differ among the four groups. Interestingly, there was a negative correlation between mature BDNF in the parietal cortex and mature BDNF in the liver in all the subjects. These findings suggest that abnormalities in the production of mature BDNF and BDNF pro-peptide in the brain and liver might have a role in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, indicating a brain-liver axis in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Q Ren
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - J-c Zhang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Q-X Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - K Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
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36
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Titov D, Diehl-Schmid J, Shi K, Perneczky R, Zou N, Grimmer T, Li J, Drzezga A, Yakushev I. Metabolic connectivity for differential diagnosis of dementing disorders. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:252-262. [PMID: 26721391 PMCID: PMC5363743 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15622465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Presently, visual and quantitative approaches for image-supported diagnosis of dementing disorders rely on regional intensity rather than on connectivity measurements. Here, we test metabolic connectivity for differentiation between Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose was conducted in 47 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease, 52 patients with mild frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and 45 healthy elderly subjects. Sparse inverse covariance estimation and selection were used to identify patterns of metabolic, inter-subject covariance on the basis of 60 regional values. Relative to healthy subjects, significantly more pathological within-lobe connections were found in the parietal lobe of patients with Alzheimer's disease, and in the frontal and temporal lobes of subjects with frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Relative to the frontotemporal lobar degeneration group, more pathological connections between the parietal and temporal lobe were found in the Alzheimer's disease group. The obtained connectivity patterns differentiated between two patients groups with an overall accuracy of 83%. Linear discriminant analysis and univariate methods provided an accuracy of 74% and 69%, respectively. There are characteristic patterns of abnormal metabolic connectivity in mild Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Such patterns can be utilized for single-subject analyses and might be more accurate in the differential diagnosis of dementing disorders than traditional intensity-based analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Titov
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Computer Aided Medical Procedures and Augmented Reality, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kuangyu Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Na Zou
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Timo Grimmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - Igor Yakushev
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center at Technische Universität München (TUM-NIC), Munich, Germany
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VanGilder P, Shi Y, Apker G, Dyson K, Buneo CA. Multisensory Interactions Influence Neuronal Spike Train Dynamics in the Posterior Parietal Cortex. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166786. [PMID: 28033334 PMCID: PMC5199055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although significant progress has been made in understanding multisensory interactions at the behavioral level, their underlying neural mechanisms remain relatively poorly understood in cortical areas, particularly during the control of action. In recent experiments where animals reached to and actively maintained their arm position at multiple spatial locations while receiving either proprioceptive or visual-proprioceptive position feedback, multisensory interactions were shown to be associated with reduced spiking (i.e. subadditivity) as well as reduced intra-trial and across-trial spiking variability in the superior parietal lobule (SPL). To further explore the nature of such interaction-induced changes in spiking variability we quantified the spike train dynamics of 231 of these neurons. Neurons were classified as Poisson, bursty, refractory, or oscillatory (in the 13–30 Hz “beta-band”) based on their spike train power spectra and autocorrelograms. No neurons were classified as Poisson-like in either the proprioceptive or visual-proprioceptive conditions. Instead, oscillatory spiking was most commonly observed with many neurons exhibiting these oscillations under only one set of feedback conditions. The results suggest that the SPL may belong to a putative beta-synchronized network for arm position maintenance and that position estimation may be subserved by different subsets of neurons within this network depending on available sensory information. In addition, the nature of the observed spiking variability suggests that models of multisensory interactions in the SPL should account for both Poisson-like and non-Poisson variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul VanGilder
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States of America
| | - Ying Shi
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States of America
| | - Gregory Apker
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States of America
| | - Keith Dyson
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Buneo
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Moon CM, Sundaram T, Choi NG, Jeong GW. Working memory dysfunction associated with brain functional deficits and cellular metabolic changes in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 254:137-144. [PMID: 27442922 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is associated with brain functional and morphological changes in connected with emotional dysregulation and cognitive deficit. This study dealt with the neural functional deficits and metabolic abnormalities in working memory (WM) task with emotion-inducing distractors in patients with GAD. Fourteen patients with GAD and 14 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) at 3T. In response to the emotional distractors in WM tasks, the patients concurrently showed higher activity in the hippocampus and lower activities in the superior occipital gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and precentral gyrus compared to the controls. MRS revealed significantly lower choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) and choline/N-acetylaspartate (Cho/NAA) ratios in the DLPFC. In particular, the Cho ratios were positively correlated with the brain activities based on blood oxygenation level-dependent signal change in the DLPFC. This study provides the first evidence for the association between the metabolic alterations and functional deficit in WM processing with emotion-inducing distractors in GAD. These findings will be helpful to understand the neural dysfunction in connection with WM impairment in GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Man Moon
- Research Institute for Medical Imaging, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Sundaram
- Department of Radiology, Rajah Muthiah Medical College Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, India
| | - Nam-Gil Choi
- Department of Radiology, DongShin University, Naju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Woo Jeong
- Research Institute for Medical Imaging, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam Natioanl University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Woo YJ, Wang T, Guadalupe T, Nebel RA, Vino A, Del Bene VA, Molholm S, Ross LA, Zwiers MP, Fisher SE, Foxe JJ, Abrahams BS. A Common CYFIP1 Variant at the 15q11.2 Disease Locus Is Associated with Structural Variation at the Language-Related Left Supramarginal Gyrus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158036. [PMID: 27351196 PMCID: PMC4924813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) at the Breakpoint 1 to Breakpoint 2 region at 15q11.2 (BP1-2) are associated with language-related difficulties and increased risk for developmental disorders in which language is compromised. Towards underlying mechanisms, we investigated relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the region and quantitative measures of human brain structure obtained by magnetic resonance imaging of healthy subjects. We report an association between rs4778298, a common variant at CYFIP1, and inter-individual variation in surface area across the left supramarginal gyrus (lh.SMG), a cortical structure implicated in speech and language in independent discovery (n = 100) and validation cohorts (n = 2621). In silico analyses determined that this same variant, and others nearby, is also associated with differences in levels of CYFIP1 mRNA in human brain. One of these nearby polymorphisms is predicted to disrupt a consensus binding site for FOXP2, a transcription factor implicated in speech and language. Consistent with a model where FOXP2 regulates CYFIP1 levels and in turn influences lh.SMG surface area, analysis of publically available expression data identified a relationship between expression of FOXP2 and CYFIP1 mRNA in human brain. We propose that altered CYFIP1 dosage, through aberrant patterning of the lh.SMG, may contribute to language-related difficulties associated with BP1-2 CNVs. More generally, this approach may be useful in clarifying the contribution of individual genes at CNV risk loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Woo
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Tulio Guadalupe
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rebecca A. Nebel
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Arianna Vino
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Victor A. Del Bene
- The Sheryl and Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Children's Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Sophie Molholm
- The Sheryl and Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Children's Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Lars A. Ross
- The Sheryl and Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Children's Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Marcel P. Zwiers
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John J. Foxe
- The Sheryl and Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Children's Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, United States of America
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Brett S. Abrahams
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Domínguez M, de Oliveira E, Odena MA, Portero M, Pamplona R, Ferrer I. Redox proteomic profiling of neuroketal-adducted proteins in human brain: Regional vulnerability at middle age increases in the elderly. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 95:1-15. [PMID: 26968793 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein lipoxidation was assessed in the parietal cortex (PC), frontal cortex (FC), and cingulate gyrus (CG) in middle-aged and old-aged individuals with no clinical manifestations of cognitive impairment, in order to increase understanding of regional brain vulnerability to oxidative damage during aging. Twenty-five lipoxidized proteins were identified in all the three regions although with regional specificities, by using redox proteomics to detect target proteins of neuroketals (NKT) adduction. The number of cases with NKT-adducted proteins was higher in old-aged individuals but most oxidized proteins were already present in middle-aged individuals. Differences in vulnerability to oxidation were dependent on the sub-cellular localization, secondary structure, and external exposition of certain amino acids. Lipoxidized proteins included those involved in energy metabolism, cytoskeleton, proteostasis, neurotransmission and O2/CO2, and heme metabolism. Total NKT and soluble oligomer levels were estimated employing slot-blot, and these were compared between age groups. Oligomers increased with age in PC and FC; NKT significantly increased with age in FC, whereas total NKT and oligomer levels were not modified in CG, thus highlighting differences in brain regional vulnerability with age. Oligomers significantly correlated with NKT levels in the three cortical regions, suggesting that protein NKT adduction parallels soluble oligomer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayelín Domínguez
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL (Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge), Carrer Feixa Llarga sn, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | | | | | - Manuel Portero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL (Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge), Carrer Feixa Llarga sn, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Carrer Feixa Llarga sn, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; CIBERNED (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Spain.
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Ma KG, Lv J, Hu XD, Shi LL, Chang KW, Chen XL, Qian YH, Yang WN, Qu QM. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway is involved in regulating low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1-mediated β-amyloid protein internalization in mouse brain. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 76:75-86. [PMID: 27163530 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that intracellular β-amyloid protein (Aβ) alone plays a pivotal role in the progression of AD. Therefore, understanding the signaling pathway and proteins that control Aβ internalization may provide new insight for regulating Aβ levels. In the present study, the regulation of Aβ internalization by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) through low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) was analyzed in vivo. The data derived from this investigation revealed that Aβ1-42 were internalized by neurons and astrocytes in mouse brain, and were largely deposited in mitochondria and lysosomes, with some also being found in the endoplasmic reticulum. Aβ1-42-LRP1 complex was formed during Aβ1-42 internalization, and the p38 MAPK signaling pathway was activated by Aβ1-42 via LRP1. Aβ1-42 and LRP1 were co- localized in the cells of parietal cortex and hippocampus. Furthermore, the level of LRP1-mRNA and LRP1 protein involved in Aβ1-42 internalization in mouse brain. The results of this investigation demonstrated that Aβ1-42 induced an LRP1-dependent pathway that related to the activation of p38 MAPK resulting in internalization of Aβ1-42. These results provide evidence supporting a key role for the p38 MAPK signaling pathway which is involved in the regulation of Aβ1-42 internalization in the parietal cortex and hippocampus of mouse through LRP1 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ge Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jia Lv
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Hu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Li-Li Shi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xi'an Medical University, 1 Xinwang road, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ke-Wei Chang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xin-Lin Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center,76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yi-Hua Qian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center,76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Wei-Na Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center,76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Qiu-Min Qu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Boychuk TM, Kmet TI. PECULIARITIES OF THE INFLUENCE OF STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIS AND INCOMPLETE ISCHEMIAREPERFUSION OF THE BRAIN DURING APOPTOSIS OF VARIOUS NEOCORTICAL LOBES OF RATS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [PMID: 29537228 DOI: 10.15407/fz62.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of diabetes mellitus on the dynamics of neurocyte and gliacyte apoptosis intensity in the cortex of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres under conditions of ischemic-reperfusion lesion has been studied in experiments on rats. The level of apoptotic processes in the neuro- and gliacytes of the frontal cortex has been found to be unchanged after 20 minutes of carotid ischemia followed by one hour reperfusion according to the indices examined in animals with out diabetes mellitus. Apoptosis of neurocytes is activated in the cortex of the parietal lobe, and that of the neuro- and gliacytes – in the cortex of the temporal lobe. Three-month diabetes mellitus intensifies apoptosis of neurons and glial cells in the cortex of the frontal and temporal lobes, neurons in the cortex of the parietal lobe and decreases apoptosis of gliacytes in it. In early ischemic-reperfusion period the activity of apoptotic processes in the cortex of the frontal and temporal lobes does not change in animals with diabetes mellitus, but it decreases in the cortex of the parietal lobe at the expense of glial cells. On the 12th day of observation the activity of apoptotic processes in neurocytes of the cortex of the temporal lobe increases in rats without diabetes mellitus, and it decreases in the glial cells. We detected a reduced content of the protein p53 in neurons and increased density of р53+-cells. In this period of observation in rats with diabetes mellitus the activity of apoptotic processes decreases in general both in neurons and glial cells of all the lobes. The results obtained point for the availability of regional differences in the dynamics of reaction of the cerebral hemisphere lobes in response to ischemic-reperfusion injury charachterized by the intensity of apoptosis of neurons and glial cells. The results also point for modifying effect of diabetes mellitus on the indices studied.
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Kim S, Ogawa K, Lv J, Schweighofer N, Imamizu H. Neural Substrates Related to Motor Memory with Multiple Timescales in Sensorimotor Adaptation. PLoS Biol 2015; 13:e1002312. [PMID: 26645916 PMCID: PMC4672877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent computational and behavioral studies suggest that motor adaptation results from the update of multiple memories with different timescales. Here, we designed a model-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment in which subjects adapted to two opposing visuomotor rotations. A computational model of motor adaptation with multiple memories was fitted to the behavioral data to generate time-varying regressors of brain activity. We identified regional specificity to timescales: in particular, the activity in the inferior parietal region and in the anterior-medial cerebellum was associated with memories for intermediate and long timescales, respectively. A sparse singular value decomposition analysis of variability in specificities to timescales over the brain identified four components, two fast, one middle, and one slow, each associated with different brain networks. Finally, a multivariate decoding analysis showed that activity patterns in the anterior-medial cerebellum progressively represented the two rotations. Our results support the existence of brain regions associated with multiple timescales in adaptation and a role of the cerebellum in storing multiple internal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungshin Kim
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kenji Ogawa
- Cognitive Mechanisms Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Keihanna Science City, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jinchi Lv
- Data Sciences and Operations Department, Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Schweighofer
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- EuroMov, Movement to Health Laboratory (M2H), Université Montpellier-1, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroshi Imamizu
- Cognitive Mechanisms Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Keihanna Science City, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Oh H, Steffener J, Razlighi QR, Habeck C, Liu D, Gazes Y, Janicki S, Stern Y. Aβ-related hyperactivation in frontoparietal control regions in cognitively normal elderly. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:3247-3254. [PMID: 26382734 PMCID: PMC4788982 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, a pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, has been associated with functional alterations in cognitively normal elderly, most often in the context of episodic memory with a particular emphasis on the medial temporal lobes. The topography of Aβ deposition, however, highly overlaps with frontoparietal control (FPC) regions implicated in cognitive control/working memory. To examine Aβ-related functional alternations in the FPC regions during a working memory task, we imaged 42 young and 57 cognitively normal elderly using functional magnetic resonance imaging during a letter Sternberg task with varying load. Based on (18)F-florbetaben-positron emission tomography scan, we determined older subjects' amyloid positivity (Aβ+) status. Within brain regions commonly recruited by all subject groups during the delay period, age and Aβ deposition were independently associated with load-dependent frontoparietal hyperactivation, whereas additional compensatory Aβ-related hyperactivity was found beyond the FPC regions. The present results suggest that Aβ-related hyperactivation is not specific to the episodic memory system but occurs in the PFC regions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwamee Oh
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jason Steffener
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qolamreza R Razlighi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Habeck
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan Liu
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yunglin Gazes
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Janicki
- Division of Aging and Dementia, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Fu CY, He XY, Li XF, Zhang X, Huang ZW, Li J, Chen M, Duan CZ. Nefiracetam Attenuates Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and GABA Transporter in Specific Brain Regions of Rats with Post-Ischemic Seizures. Cell Physiol Biochem 2015; 37:2023-31. [PMID: 26584300 DOI: 10.1159/000438562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Prior studies demonstrated that pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α contribute to regulation of epilepsy-associated pathophysiological processes in the specific brain regions, namely the parietal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. Moreover, GABA transporter type 1 and 3 (GAT-1 and GAT-3) modulating extracellular GABA levels are engaged in the role played by PICs in epileptogenesis. Note that brain ischemic injury also elevates cerebral PICs. Thus, in this report we examined the effects of nefiracetam (NEF), a pyrrolidone derivative, on the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and expression of GAT-1 and GAT-3 in the parietal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala using a rat model of post-ischemic nonconvulsive seizure (NCS). METHODS NCS was evoked by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). ELISA and Western Blot analysis were employed to determine the levels of PICs and GAT-1/GAT-3, respectively. RESULTS MCAO significantly increased IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the parietal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala as compared with sham control animals (P<0.05 vs. control rats). Also, in these specific brain regions expression of GAT-1 and GAT-3 was amplified; and the levels of GABA were decreased in rats following MCAO (P<0.05 vs. control rats). Systemic administration of NEF significantly attenuated the elevated PICs, amplified GAT-1 and GAT-3 as well as impaired GABA. NEF also attenuated the number of NCS events following MCAO. CONCLUSION our data demonstrate that NEF improves post-ischemia evoked-NCS by altering PICs, GABA transporters thereby alleviating GABA in the parietal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. This support a role for PICs and GABA in engagement of the adaptive responses associated with epileptic activity, but also suggests that NEF has anti-epileptic effects via PICs-GABA mechanisms, having pharmacological implications to target the specific PICs for neuronal dysfunction and vulnerability related to post-ischemic seizures and cognitive impairment.
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Njoo C, Agarwal N, Lutz B, Kuner R. The Cannabinoid Receptor CB1 Interacts with the WAVE1 Complex and Plays a Role in Actin Dynamics and Structural Plasticity in Neurons. PLoS Biol 2015; 13:e1002286. [PMID: 26496209 PMCID: PMC4619884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular composition of the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor complex beyond the classical G-protein signaling components is not known. Using proteomics on mouse cortex in vivo, we pulled down proteins interacting with CB1 in neurons and show that the CB1 receptor assembles with multiple members of the WAVE1 complex and the RhoGTPase Rac1 and modulates their activity. Activation levels of CB1 receptor directly impacted on actin polymerization and stability via WAVE1 in growth cones of developing neurons, leading to their collapse, as well as in synaptic spines of mature neurons, leading to their retraction. In adult mice, CB1 receptor agonists attenuated activity-dependent remodeling of dendritic spines in spinal cord neurons in vivo and suppressed inflammatory pain by regulating the WAVE1 complex. This study reports novel signaling mechanisms for cannabinoidergic modulation of the nervous system and demonstrates a previously unreported role for the WAVE1 complex in therapeutic applications of cannabinoids. A proteomic study reveals the actin nucleation complex WAVE1 as a hitherto unknown binding partner of cannabinoid receptor 1 and explores the functional role of this interaction in regulating pain-related structural plasticity. One of the most interesting features of the endocannabinoid system (a group of neuromodulatory lipids and their receptors, which promotes homeostasis in a variety of physiological processes) is its ability to counteract nociception or pain. This function is largely mediated by the receptor component of the endocannabinoid system. One of the most-studied types of cannabinoid receptors, the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R), exerts its antinociceptive function at all levels of the central nervous system, from the periphery up to the brain. Despite numerous studies on the role of CB1R and its antinociceptive effect, our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying this particular feature is still lacking. In this study, we identify the WAVE1-complex—known to be involved in actin nucleation—as novel interacting partners of CB1R. We observe a functional relationship between the WAVE1-complex and CB1R in the regulation of actin filaments in developing as well as mature cultured neurons. Furthermore, we show that inflammation-induced structural plasticity in spinal neurons that contributes to hyperalgesia is regulated by CB1R in a WAVE1-dependent fashion. These findings expand our understanding of CB1R signaling and of the physiological as well as pathological context of pain.
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MESH Headings
- Actin Cytoskeleton/drug effects
- Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Animals
- COS Cells
- Cannabinoids/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Dendritic Spines/drug effects
- Dendritic Spines/metabolism
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Frontal Lobe/cytology
- Frontal Lobe/drug effects
- Frontal Lobe/metabolism
- Growth Cones/drug effects
- Growth Cones/metabolism
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/agonists
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neurogenesis/drug effects
- Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Parietal Lobe/cytology
- Parietal Lobe/drug effects
- Parietal Lobe/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Njoo
- Pharmacology Institute, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nitin Agarwal
- Pharmacology Institute, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rohini Kuner
- Pharmacology Institute, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Ji GJ, Zhang Z, Xu Q, Wei W, Wang J, Wang Z, Yang F, Sun K, Jiao Q, Liao W, Lu G. Connectome Reorganization Associated With Surgical Outcome in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1737. [PMID: 26448031 PMCID: PMC4616737 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the distinct pattern of anatomical network reorganization in surgically refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) patients using a longitudinal design. We collected longitudinal diffusion-weighted images of 19 MTLE patients before and after anterior temporal lobectomy. Patients were classified as seizure-free (SF) or nonseizure-free (NSF) at least 1 year after surgery. We constructed whole-brain anatomical networks derived from white matter tractography and evaluated network connectivity measures by graph theoretical analysis. The reorganization trajectories of network measures in SF and NSF patients were investigated by two-way mixed analysis of variance, with factors "group" (SF vs NSF) and "treatment" (presurgery vs postsurgery). Widespread brain structures showed opposite reorganization trajectories in FS and NSF groups (interaction effect). Most of them showed group difference before surgery and then converge after surgery, suggesting that surgery remodeled these structures into a similar status. Conversly, contralateral amygdala-planum-temporale and thalamic-parietal tracts showed higher connectivity strength in NSF than in SF patients after surgery, indicating maladaptive neuroplastic responses to surgery in NSF patients. Our findings suggest that surgical outcomes are associated not only with the preoperative pattern of anatomical connectivity, but also with connectome reconfiguration following surgery. The reorganization of contralateral temporal lobe and corticothalamic tracts may be particularly important for seizure control in MTLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Jun Ji
- From the Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (G-JJ); Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders and the Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University (G-JJ, JW, WL); Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou (G-JJ, JW, WL); Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine (ZZ, QX, WW, GL); Department of Medical Imaging, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School (ZW); Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital (FY); Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing (KS); Department of Radiology, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an (QJ); and Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (WL)
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48
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Yisarakun W, Chantong C, Supornsilpchai W, Thongtan T, Srikiatkhachorn A, Reuangwechvorachai P, Maneesri-le Grand S. Up-regulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide in trigeminal ganglion following chronic exposure to paracetamol in a CSD migraine animal model. Neuropeptides 2015; 51:9-16. [PMID: 25998753 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previously, our group has demonstrated that chronic paracetamol (APAP) treatment induces alterations to the trigeminovascular nociceptive system in the cortical spreading depression (CSD) migraine animal model. The calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) is a key neuropeptide involved in the activation of the trigeminovascular nociceptive system. Therefore, this study examined the expression levels of CGRP in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) after chronic APAP exposure (0, 15, and 30 days) using a CSD model. Rats were divided into control, CSD only, APAP only and APAP treatment with CSD groups. A single injection (i.p.) of APAP (200 mg/kg body weight) was given to the 0-day APAP-treated groups, while the other APAP-treated groups received daily injections for 15 and 30 days. CSD was induced by the topical application of KCl to the parietal cortex. The protein expression of CGRP in the TG was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the CGRP mRNA level was investigated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed that the induction of CSD significantly increased the level of CGRP protein but had no effect on CGRP mRNA level. Pretreatment with APAP 1 hour before CSD activation significantly reduced CGRP expression induced by CSD. In contrast, chronic treatment with APAP (15 and 30 days) significantly enhanced CGRP expression in both protein and mRNA levels when compared with the control groups. In combination with CSD, the expression of CGRP further increased in the animal with 30 day treatment. These findings indicate that chronic treatment with APAP induces an increase of CGRP expression in the TG. This alteration may be associated with the increased trigeminovascular nociception observed in our previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waranurin Yisarakun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chattraporn Chantong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Weera Supornsilpchai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thananya Thongtan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anan Srikiatkhachorn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Supang Maneesri-le Grand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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49
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Civier O, Kronfeld-Duenias V, Amir O, Ezrati-Vinacour R, Ben-Shachar M. Reduced fractional anisotropy in the anterior corpus callosum is associated with reduced speech fluency in persistent developmental stuttering. Brain Lang 2015; 143:20-31. [PMID: 25728013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Developmental stuttering is a speech disorder that severely limits one's ability to communicate. White matter anomalies were reported in stuttering, but their functional significance is unclear. We analyzed the relation between white matter properties and speech fluency in adults who stutter (AWS). We used diffusion tensor imaging with tract-based spatial statistics, and examined group differences as well as correlations with behavioral fluency measures. We detected a region in the anterior corpus callosum with significantly lower fractional anisotropy in AWS relative to controls. Within the AWS group, reduced anisotropy in that region is associated with reduced fluency. A statistically significant interaction was found between group and age in two additional regions: the left Rolandic operculum and the left posterior corpus callosum. Our findings suggest that anterior callosal anomaly in stuttering may represent a maladaptive reduction in interhemispheric inhibition, possibly leading to a disadvantageous recruitment of right frontal cortex in speech production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Civier
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Vered Kronfeld-Duenias
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ofer Amir
- The Department of Communication Disorders, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ruth Ezrati-Vinacour
- The Department of Communication Disorders, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Ben-Shachar
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of English Literature and Linguistics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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50
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Oikawa N, Matsubara T, Fukuda R, Yasumori H, Hatsuta H, Murayama S, Sato T, Suzuki A, Yanagisawa K. Imbalance in fatty-acid-chain length of gangliosides triggers Alzheimer amyloid deposition in the precuneus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121356. [PMID: 25798597 PMCID: PMC4370507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid deposition, a crucial event of Alzheimer's disease (AD), emerges in distinct brain regions. A key question is what triggers the assembly of the monomeric amyloid ß-protein (Aß) into fibrils in the regions. On the basis of our previous findings that gangliosides facilitate the initiation of Aß assembly at presynaptic neuritic terminals, we investigated how lipids, including gangliosides, cholesterol and sphingomyelin, extracted from synaptic plasma membranes (SPMs) isolated from autopsy brains were involved in the Aß assembly. We focused on two regions of the cerebral cortex; precuneus and calcarine cortex, one of the most vulnerable and one of the most resistant regions to amyloid deposition, respectively. Here, we show that lipids extracted from SPMs isolated from the amyloid-bearing precuneus, but neither the amyloid-free precuneus nor the calcarine cortex, markedly accelerate the Aß assembly in vitro. Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of the lipids, we identified an increase in the ratio of the level of GD1b-ganglioside containing C20:0 fatty acid to that containing C18:0 as a cause of the enhanced Aß assembly in the precuneus. Our results suggest that the local glycolipid environment play a critical role in the initiation of Alzheimer amyloid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Oikawa
- Department of Drug Discovery, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Matsubara
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryoto Fukuda
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hanaki Yasumori
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hatsuta
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Sato
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akemi Suzuki
- Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yanagisawa
- Department of Drug Discovery, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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