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Mazari-Hiriart M, Pérez-Ortiz G, Orta-Ledesma MT, Armas-Vargas F, Tapia MA, Solano-Ortiz R, Silva MA, Yañez-Noguez I, López-Vidal Y, Díaz-Ávalos C. Final opportunity to rehabilitate an urban river as a water source for Mexico City. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102081. [PMID: 25054805 PMCID: PMC4108367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount and quality of water in the Magdalena-Eslava river system and to propose alternatives for sustainable water use. The system is the last urban river in the vicinity of Mexico City that supplies surface water to the urban area. Historical flow data were analyzed (1973-2010), along with the physicochemical and bacteriological attributes, documenting the evolution of these variables over the course of five years (2008-2012) in both dry and rainy seasons. The analyses show that the flow regime has been significantly altered. The physicochemical variables show significant differences between the natural area, where the river originates, and the urban area, where the river receives untreated wastewater. Nutrient and conductivity concentrations in the river were equivalent to domestic wastewater. Fecal pollution indicators and various pathogens were present in elevated densities, demonstrating a threat to the population living near the river. Estimates of the value of the water lost as a result of mixing clean and contaminated water are presented. This urban river should be rehabilitated as a sustainability practice, and if possible, these efforts should be replicated in other areas. Because of the public health issues and in view of the population exposure where the river flows through the city, the river should be improved aesthetically and should be treated to allow its ecosystem services to recover. This river represents an iconic case for Mexico City because it connects the natural and urban areas in a socio-ecological system that can potentially provide clean water for human consumption. Contaminated water could be treated and reused for irrigation in one of the green areas of the city. Wastewater treatment plants and the operation of the existing purification plants are urgent priorities that could lead to better, more sustainable water use practices in Mexico City.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Mazari-Hiriart
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Gustavo Pérez-Ortiz
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - María Teresa Orta-Ledesma
- Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Felipe Armas-Vargas
- Posgrado en Ciencias de la Tierra, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Marco A. Tapia
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias-Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Rosa Solano-Ortiz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias-Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Miguel A. Silva
- Posgrado de Ciencias Bioquímicas, Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Isaura Yañez-Noguez
- Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Yolanda López-Vidal
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Carlos Díaz-Ávalos
- Departamento de Probabilidad y Estadística, Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
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Téllez Castillo CJ, Tirado Balaguer MD, Colomer Revuelta J, Moreno Muñoz R, Beltrán Garrido JM. [Ten-year retrospective study of rotavirus infection in the province of Castellón (Spain)]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2008; 68:39-44. [PMID: 18194626 PMCID: PMC7185489 DOI: 10.1157/13114469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the percentage of rotavirus infection in children aged less than 14 years old and the epidemiology in area 02 of the province of Castellón (Spain). MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a retrospective study from January 1995 to December 2004 in which 14,068 stool samples from pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis were analyzed. The variables analyzed were sex, age, origin, diagnosis of rotavirus, and date of diagnosis. Differences were considered statistically significant if p<0.05. RESULTS Rotavirus was detected in 11.9% of the samples (1687 cases) in the 10 years of the study, 12.14 % corresponded to boys and 11.81% to girls (p=0.5459). The mean age of the population was 2.63 years. The highest percentage of cases occurred in the group aged 1- 4 years old (14.1%; p<0.001) and in outpatients (12.76%; p<0.05). In this geographical region, there was a significant tendency (p<0.001) for rotavirus to occur in the winter months. CONCLUSION Rotavirus is one of the main causes of morbidity in children both in the hospital and the outpatient setting. Children aged less than 4 years old are most frequently affected, especially those aged 1 year. The infection appears mainly in winter.
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