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Ballesteros C, Chorbadjian RA, Zaviezo T. Mating behavior of Pseudococcus calceolariae and Pseudococcus longispinus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): are asexual reproduction and hybridization possible? J Insect Sci 2023; 23:17. [PMID: 37565770 PMCID: PMC10416559 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The study of insect reproduction is important from both basic and applied perspectives, particularly in mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), because of the diversity of reproduction modes and also because they are important agricultural pests. Sex pheromone control strategies are currently being developed for many species. Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell) and Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti) are closely related species that often coexist in the same host plant. In this study, mating behavior, the possible occurrence of asexual reproduction, and hybridization between them were investigated. We confirmed that both species did not show asexual reproduction and required the presence of a male to reproduce. When couples of the same species were put together, males had a highly stereotyped mating behavior, and females showed an active role in mating success by accepting or rejecting males with abdominal movements. In hybridization trials, no progeny was obtained for any of the interspecific combinations. Moreover, in interspecific pairs, males mainly moved randomly in the arena without direct contact with females and females showed no willingness to mate, escape, or not move in the presence of the male. Therefore, courtship and copulation success in both species were directly related to the specificity of the mating pair and, there was no evidence of hybridization. This information is useful for the understanding of reproduction in this family and supports the development of management techniques based on sex pheromones to disrupt reproduction or to monitor these mealybug species populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ballesteros
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Chorbadjian
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Tania Zaviezo
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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2
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Waqas MS, Shi Z, Yi TC, Xiao R, Shoaib AA, Elabasy AS, Jin DC. Biology, ecology, and management of cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:5321-5333. [PMID: 34312983 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a highly invasive and harmful pest. It causes considerable loss of cotton crops in China, India and Pakistan. Little is known about its bionomics since it was first recorded in Pakistan and India in 2005. Rapid spread of this pest worldwide has accelerated research on its biology, ecology and management. The P. solenopsis has a short life cycle, and optimal temperatures lead to an increase in the number of generations per year, which is a serious threat to cotton crop production. Cotton mealybug is native to the USA, although it has now spread to >43 countries. Insecticidal control is the primary and dominant practice for this pest, and its resistance to commonly used insecticides is increasing. Biocontrol agents have strong potential for the management of nymphal instar stages. We read >250 articles related to our review title and finally reviewed recent advances in the understanding of P. solenopsis biology, ecology and control approaches, aiming to highlight integrated and biological management practices of this pest. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Waqas
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, and Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zuhua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Ci Yi
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, and Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, and Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ali Az Shoaib
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pesticides, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asem Ss Elabasy
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pesticides, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, and Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Ricupero M, Biondi A, Russo A, Zappalà L, Mazzeo G. The Cotton Mealybug Is Spreading along the Mediterranean: First Pest Detection in Italian Tomatoes. Insects 2021; 12:insects12080675. [PMID: 34442240 PMCID: PMC8396508 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an extremely polyphagous invasive pest that can cause serious damages to cultivated plants. The pest is native to America but invaded Asian and Mediterranean countries during the last decades. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., Solanaceae) is an economic relevant crop worldwide and its production can be threatened by numerous insect pests including P. solenopsis. We recorded for the first time P. solenopsis in association with tomato in greenhouse crops and urban landscapes in Sicily (Italy) during the fall season in 2020. The species was identified as P. solenopsis based on the morphological characters and DNA amplification of an ≈800 bp portion of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene. The phylogenetic analysis among the obtained P. solenopsis mtCOI sequences with those already available in GenBank suggests Asian countries as a potential source of new introduction. This is the first record of P. solenopsis attacking tomato plants in Italy and may represent a potential threat for tomato production in Europe and nearby countries. For this reason, actions should be taken to avoid the uncontrolled spread of this alien species.
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Wang YS, Dai TM, Tian H, Wan FH, Zhang GF. Comparative analysis of eight DNA extraction methods for molecular research in mealybugs. PLoS One 2020; 14:e0226818. [PMID: 31891602 PMCID: PMC6938366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For molecular research, the quality and integrity of DNA obtained will affect the reliability of subsequent results. Extracting quality DNA from scale insects, including mealybugs, can be difficult due to their small body size and waxy coating. In this study, we evaluate eight commonly used DNA extraction methods to determine their efficacy in PCR analysis across life stages and preservation times. We find that fresh samples, immediately upon collection or after 2 wks, resulted in the most effective DNA extraction. Methods using the DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit, NaCl, SDS-RNase A, and SDS isolated DNA of sufficient quality DNA. The SDS method gave high DNA yield, while the NaCl and SDS-RNase A methods gave lower yield. NaCl, SDS-RNase A, SDS, chloroform-isopentyl alcohol, and the salting-out methods all resulted in sufficient DNA for PCR, and performed equal to or better than that of the DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit. When time and cost per extraction were considered, the SDS method was most efficient, especially for later life stages of mealybug, regardless of preservation duration. DNA extracted from a single fresh sample of a female adult mealybug was adequate for more than 10,000 PCR reactions. For earlier stages, including the egg and 1st instar nymph samples, DNA was most effectively extracted by the Rapid method. Our results provide guidelines for the choice of effective DNA extraction method for mealybug or other small insects across different life stages and preservation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Mei Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Hu Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Caofeidian Sub-Center of Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Technical Center, Tangshan, China
| | - Fang-Hao Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Fen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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lin D, Zhang L, Shao W, Li X, Liu X, Wu H, Rao Q. Phylogenetic analyses and characteristics of the microbiomes from five mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Ecol Evol 2019; 9:1972-1984. [PMID: 30847086 PMCID: PMC6392364 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations between Sternorrhyncha insects and intracellular bacteria are common in nature. Mealybugs are destructive pests that seriously threaten the production of agriculture and forestry. Mealybugs have evolved intimate endosymbiotic relationships with bacteria, which provide them with essential amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients. In this study, the divergence of five mealybugs was analyzed based up the sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI). Meanwhile, the distinct regions of the 16S rRNA gene of primary symbionts in the mealybugs were sequenced. Finally, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques were used to study the microbial abundance and diversity in mealybugs. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that these five mealybugs were subdivided into two different clusters. One cluster of mealybugs (Dysmicoccus neobrevipes, Pseudococcus comstocki, and Planococcus minor) harbored the primary endosymbiont "Candidatus Tremblaya princeps," and another cluster (Phenacoccus solenopsis and Phenacoccus solani) harbored "Ca. Tremblaya phenacola." The mtCOI sequence divergence between the two clusters was similar to the 16S rRNA sequence divergence between T. princeps and T. phenacola. Thus, we concluded that the symbiont phylogeny was largely concordant with the host phylogeny. The HTS showed that the microbial abundance and diversity within P. solani and P. solenopsis were highly similar, and there was lower overall species richness compared to the other mealybugs. Among the five mealybugs, we also found significant differences in Shannon diversity and observed species. These results provide a theoretical basis for further research on the coevolution of mealybugs and their symbiotic microorganisms. These findings are also useful for research on the effect of symbiont diversity on the pest status of mealybugs in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan lin
- School of Agriculture and Food ScienceZhejiang A & F UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food ScienceZhejiang A & F UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Weidong Shao
- Zhoushan Entry‐exit Inspection and Quarantine BreauNingboChina
| | - Xuelian Li
- Ningbo Entry‐exit Inspection and Quarantine BureauNingboChina
| | - Xunyue Liu
- School of Agriculture and Food ScienceZhejiang A & F UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Huiming Wu
- School of Agriculture and Food ScienceZhejiang A & F UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qiong Rao
- School of Agriculture and Food ScienceZhejiang A & F UniversityHangzhouChina
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6
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Correa MCG, Palero F, Malausa T, Crochard D, Zaviezo T, Lombaert E. European bridgehead effect in the worldwide invasion of the obscure mealybug. Biol Invasions 2019; 21:123-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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7
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Dewer Y, Abdel-Fattah RS, Schneider SA. Molecular and morphological identification of the mealybug,Phenacoccus solaniFerris (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): first report in Egypt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/epp.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Dewer
- Bioassay Research Department; Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory; Sabahia Plant Protection Research Station; Agricultural Research Center, El-Sabahia; Baccous PO Box 21616 Alexandria (Egypt)
| | - R. S. Abdel-Fattah
- Scale Insects and Mealybugs Department; Plant Protection Research Institute; Sabahia Plant Protection Research Station; Agricultural Research Center, El-Sabahia; Baccous PO Box 21616 Alexandria (Egypt)
| | - S. A. Schneider
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service; Systematic Entomology Laboratory; Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center; Building 005 - Room 004, 10300 Baltimore Avenue Beltsville MD 20705 (USA)
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8
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Yang M, Song L, Mao J, Shi Y, Wu C, Zhang Y, Huang L, Peng W, Liu X. Complete mitochondrial genome of the soybean leaffolder, Omiodes indicata (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae), and phylogenetic analysis for Pyraloidea. Int J Biol Macromol 2018. [PMID: 29540301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Omiodes indicata was sequenced and characterized. The circular mitogenome is 15,367bp long, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and an A+T-rich region. Nucleotide composition is highly biased toward A+T nucleotides (81.6%). All 13 PCGs initiate with canonical start codon (ATN), except for cox1 that initiates with CGA. All tRNAs have a typical clover-leaf structure, except for trnS1 (AGN) in which the base pairs of the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm are reduced. In O. indicata, the motifs "ATGATAA" and "ATACTAA" between atp8 and atp6, trnS2 and nad1, respectively, and the motifs "ATAG" and "ATTTA" in the A+T-rich region can be identified. Comparative phylogenetic analyses based on four datasets show that the dataset including all coding positions of 13 PCGs exhibit the highest informativeness in resolving higher phylogeny of Pyraloidea. Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses yield generally well-supported phylogenetic relationships among the eleven pyraloid subfamilies involved. However, the relationships among the five subfamilies (Acentropinae, Crambinae, Glaphyriinae, Schoenobiinae and Scopariinae) in ML analysis are ambiguous, which might be resolved by ample sampling in future mitogenome-based phylogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Yang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China
| | - Lu Song
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China
| | - Jianhang Mao
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China
| | - Yuxia Shi
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China
| | - Changjing Wu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China
| | - Li Huang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China
| | - Weifeng Peng
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China.
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Ren J, Ashfaq M, Hu X, Ma J, Liang F, Hebert PDN, Lin L, Germain JF, Ahmed MZ. Barcode index numbers expedite quarantine inspections and aid the interception of nonindigenous mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). Biol Invasions 2018; 20:449-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Wang J, Zhang L, Zhang QL, Zhou MQ, Wang XT, Yang XZ, Yuan ML. Comparative mitogenomic analysis of mirid bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) and evaluation of potential DNA barcoding markers. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3661. [PMID: 28791201 PMCID: PMC5545108 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Miridae is one of the most species-rich families of insects. To better understand the diversity and evolution of mirids, we determined the mitogenome of Lygus pratenszs and re-sequenced the mitogenomes of four mirids (i.e., Apolygus lucorum, Adelphocoris suturalis, Ade. fasciaticollis and Ade. lineolatus). We performed a comparative analysis for 15 mitogenomic sequences representing 11 species of five genera within Miridae and evaluated the potential of these mitochondrial genes as molecular markers. Our results showed that the general mitogenomic features (gene content, gene arrangement, base composition and codon usage) were well conserved among these mirids. Four protein-coding genes (PCGs) (cox1, cox3, nad1 and nad3) had no length variability, where nad5 showed the largest size variation; no intraspecific length variation was found in PCGs. Two PCGs (nad4 and nad5) showed relatively high substitution rates at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, where cox1 had the lowest substitution rate. The Ka/Ks values for all PCGs were far lower than 1 (<0.59), but the Ka/Ks values of cox1-barcode sequences were always larger than 1 (1.34 -15.20), indicating that the 658 bp sequences of cox1 may be not the appropriate marker due to positive selection or selection relaxation. Phylogenetic analyses based on two concatenated mitogenomic datasets consistently supported the relationship of Nesidiocoris + (Trigonotylus + (Adelphocoris + (Apolygus + Lygus))), as revealed by nad4, nad5, rrnL and the combined 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), respectively. Taken sequence length, substitution rate and phylogenetic signal together, the individual genes (nad4, nad5 and rrnL) and the combined 22 tRNAs could been used as potential molecular markers for Miridae at various taxonomic levels. Our results suggest that it is essential to evaluate and select suitable markers for different taxa groups when performing phylogenetic, population genetic and species identification studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min-Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xing-Zhuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ming-Long Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Amouroux P, Crochard D, Germain JF, Correa M, Ampuero J, Groussier G, Kreiter P, Malausa T, Zaviezo T. Genetic diversity of armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Chile. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2014. [PMID: 28515435 PMCID: PMC5435716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01997-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scale insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) are one of the most invasive and agriculturally damaging insect groups. Their management and the development of new control methods are currently jeopardized by the scarcity of identification data, in particular in regions where no large survey coupling morphological and DNA analyses have been performed. In this study, we sampled 116 populations of armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and 112 populations of soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Chile, over a latitudinal gradient ranging from 18°S to 41°S, on fruit crops, ornamental plants and trees. We sequenced the COI and 28S genes in each population. In total, 19 Diaspididae species and 11 Coccidae species were identified morphologically. From the 63 COI haplotypes and the 54 28S haplotypes uncovered, and using several DNA data analysis methods (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery, K2P distance, NJ trees), up to 36 genetic clusters were detected. Morphological and DNA data were congruent, except for three species (Aspidiotus nerii, Hemiberlesia rapax and Coccus hesperidum) in which DNA data revealed highly differentiated lineages. More than 50% of the haplotypes obtained had no high-scoring matches with any of the sequences in the GenBank database. This study provides 63 COI and 54 28S barcode sequences for the identification of Coccoidea from Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Amouroux
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - D Crochard
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia, Antipolis, France
| | - J-F Germain
- ANSES, Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, unité Entomologie et Plantes Invasives, CBGP, 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis, 34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - M Correa
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia, Antipolis, France
| | - J Ampuero
- Xilema-ANASAC Control Biológico, San Pedro, Quillota, Chile
| | - G Groussier
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia, Antipolis, France
| | - P Kreiter
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia, Antipolis, France
| | - T Malausa
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia, Antipolis, France
| | - T Zaviezo
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
Many of the arthropod species that are important pests of agriculture and forestry are impossible to discriminate morphologically throughout all of their life stages. Some cannot be differentiated at any life stage. Over the past decade, DNA barcoding has gained increasing adoption as a tool to both identify known species and to reveal cryptic taxa. Although there has not been a focused effort to develop a barcode library for them, reference sequences are now available for 77% of the 409 species of arthropods documented on major pest databases. Aside from developing the reference library needed to guide specimen identifications, past barcode studies have revealed that a significant fraction of arthropod pests are a complex of allied taxa. Because of their importance as pests and disease vectors impacting global agriculture and forestry, DNA barcode results on these arthropods have significant implications for quarantine detection, regulation, and management. The current review discusses these implications in light of the presence of cryptic species in plant pests exposed by DNA barcoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashfaq
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Paul D N Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Malausa T, Delaunay M, Fleisch A, Groussier-Bout G, Warot S, Crochard D, Guerrieri E, Delvare G, Pellizzari G, Kaydan MB, Al-Khateeb N, Germain JF, Brancaccio L, Le Goff I, Bessac M, Ris N, Kreiter P. Investigating Biological Control Agents for Controlling Invasive Populations of the Mealybug Pseudococcus comstocki in France. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157965. [PMID: 27362639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudococcus comstocki (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a mealybug species native to Eastern Asia and present as an invasive pest in northern Italy and southern France since the start of the century. It infests apple and pear trees, grapevines and some ornamental trees. Biocontrol programmes against this pest proved successful in central Asia and North America in the second half of the 20th century. In this study, we investigated possible biocontrol agents against P. comstocki, with the aim of developing a biocontrol programme in France. We carried out systematic DNA-barcoding at each step in the search for a specialist parasitoid. First we characterised the French target populations of P. comstocki. We then identified the parasitoids attacking P. comstocki in France. Finally, we searched for foreign mealybug populations identified a priori as P. comstocki and surveyed their hymenopteran parasitoids. Three mealybug species (P. comstocki, P. viburni and P. cryptus) were identified during the survey, together with at least 16 different parasitoid taxa. We selected candidate biological control agent populations for use against P. comstocki in France, from the species Allotropa burrelli (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Acerophagus malinus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). The coupling of molecular and morphological characterisation for both pests and natural enemies facilitated the programme development and the rejection of unsuitable or generalist parasitoids.
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Correa MC, Lombaert E, Malausa T, Crochard D, Alvear A, Zaviezo T, Palero F. Mealybug species from Chilean agricultural landscapes and main factors influencing the genetic structure of Pseudococcus viburni. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16483. [PMID: 26559636 DOI: 10.1038/srep16483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize the distribution of mealybug species along Chilean agro-ecosystems and to determine the relative impact of host plant, management strategy, geography and micro-environment on shaping the distribution and genetic structure of the obscure mealybug Pseudococcus viburni. An extensive survey was completed using DNA barcoding methods to identify Chilean mealybugs to the species level. Moreover, a fine-scale study of Ps. viburni genetic diversity and population structure was carried out, genotyping 529 Ps. viburni individuals with 21 microsatellite markers. Samples from 16 localities were analyzed using Bayesian and spatially-explicit methods and the genetic dataset was confronted to host-plant, management and environmental data. Chilean crops were found to be infested by Ps. viburni, Pseudococcus meridionalis, Pseudococcus longispinus and Planococcus citri, with Ps. viburni and Ps. meridionalis showing contrasting distribution and host-plant preference patterns. Ps. viburni samples presented low genetic diversity levels but high genetic differentiation. While no significant genetic variance could be assigned to host-plant or management strategy, climate and geography were found to correlate significantly with genetic differentiation levels. The genetic characterization of Ps. viburni within Chile will contribute to future studies tracing back the origin and improving the management of this worldwide invader.
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Abstract
The soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) are a group of sap-sucking plant parasites, many of which are notorious agricultural pests. The quarantine and economic importance of soft scales necessitates rapid and reliable identification of these taxa. Nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene (barcoding region) and 28S rDNA were generated from 340 individuals of 36 common soft scales in China. Distance-based [(best match, Automated Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD)], tree-based (neighbor-joining, Bayesian inference), Klee diagrams, and general mixed Yule coalescent (GMYC) models were used to evaluate barcoding success rates in the data set. Best match showed that COI and 28S sequences could provide 100 and 95.52% correct identification, respectively. The average interspecific divergences were 19.81% for COI data and 20.38% for 28S data, and mean intraspecific divergences were 0.56 and 0.07%, respectively. For COI data, multiple methods (ABGD, Klee, and tree-based methods) resulted in general congruence with morphological identifications. However, GMYC analysis tended to provide more molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). Twelve MOTUs derived from five morphospecies (Rhodococcus sariuoni, Pulvinaria vitis, Pulvinaria aurantii, Parasaissetia nigra, and Ceroplastes rubens) were observed using the GMYC approach. In addition, tree-based methods showed that 28S sequences could be used for species-level identification (except for Ceroplastes ceriferus - Ceroplastes pseudoceriferus), even with low genetic variation (<1%). This report demonstrates the robustness of DNA barcoding for species discrimination of soft scales with two molecular markers (COI and 28S) and provides a reliable barcode library and rapid diagnostic tool for common soft scales in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-B Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China
| | - J Deng
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China
| | - J-T Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China
| | - Q-S Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
| | - Y-Z Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
| | - S-A Wu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China
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Pacheco da Silva VC, Bertin A, Blin A, Germain JF, Bernardi D, Rignol G, Botton M, Malausa T. Molecular and morphological identification of mealybug species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Brazilian vineyards. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103267. [PMID: 25062012 PMCID: PMC4111580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are pests constraining the international trade of Brazilian table grapes. They damage grapes by transmitting viruses and toxins, causing defoliation, chlorosis, and vigor losses and favoring the development of sooty mold. Difficulties in mealybug identification remain an obstacle to the adequate management of these pests. In this study, our primary aim was to identify the principal mealybug species infesting the major table grape-producing regions in Brazil, by morphological and molecular characterization. Our secondary aim was to develop a rapid identification kit based on species-specific Polymerase Chain Reactions, to facilitate the routine identification of the most common pest species. We surveyed 40 sites infested with mealybugs and identified 17 species: Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell), Dysmicoccus sylvarum Williams and Granara de Willink, Dysmicoccus texensis (Tinsley), Ferrisia cristinae Kaydan and Gullan, Ferrisia meridionalis Williams, Ferrisia terani Williams and Granara de Willink, Phenacoccus baccharidis Williams, Phenacoccus parvus Morrison, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, Planococcus citri (Risso), Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret), Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel, four taxa closely related each of to Pseudococcus viburni, Pseudococcus sociabilis Hambleton, Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn) and Pseudococcus meridionalis Prado, and one specimen from the genus Pseudococcus Westwood. The PCR method developed effectively identified five mealybug species of economic interest on grape in Brazil: D. brevipes, Pl. citri, Ps. viburni, Ph. solenopsis and Planococcus ficus (Signoret). Nevertheless, it is not possible to assure that this procedure is reliable for taxa that have not been sampled already and might be very closely related to the target species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Bertin
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Aurélie Blin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR INRA / UNSA / CNRS BP 167. 06903, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Jean-François Germain
- ANSES, Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Unité d'entomologie et Plantes Invasives Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 30016, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - Daniel Bernardi
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Guylène Rignol
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR INRA / UNSA / CNRS BP 167. 06903, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | | | - Thibaut Malausa
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR INRA / UNSA / CNRS BP 167. 06903, Sophia-Antipolis, France
- * E-mail:
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Correa MCG, Zaviezo T, Le Maguet J, Herrbach E, Malausa T. Characterization of microsatellite DNA libraries from three mealybug species and development of microsatellite markers for Pseudococcus viburni (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Bull Entomol Res 2014; 104:213-220. [PMID: 24345408 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485313000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are important pests for crops worldwide. Different species, cryptic taxa under the same species name or even populations within a species can differ in biological characteristics, such as phenology, resistance to insecticides, virus transmission and susceptibility to natural enemies. Therefore, their management efficacy depends on their accurate identification. Microsatellite genetic markers are efficient in revealing the fine-scale taxonomic status of insects, both at inter- and intra-specific level. Despite their potential uses, microsatellites have been developed only for one mealybug species so far. Hence, it is unclear whether microsatellites may be useful to assess mealybug population differentiation and structuring. In this work, we tested the feasibility of developing microsatellite markers in mealybugs by: (i) producing and characterizing microsatellite DNA libraries for three species: Pseudococcus viburni, Pseudococcus comstocki and Heliococcus bohemicus, and (ii) by developing and testing markers for Ps. viburni. The obtained libraries contained balanced percentages of dinucleotide (ranging from 15 to 25%) and trinucleotide (from 5 to 17%) motifs. The marker setup for Ps. viburni was successful, although 70% of the primers initially tested were discarded for a lack of polymorphism. Finally, 25 markers were combined in two multiplex polymerase chain reactions with 21 displaying no evidence of deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Ps. viburni markers were tested on one population from France and one from Chile. The markers revealed a significant genetic differentiation between the two populations with an Fst estimate of 0.266.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C G Correa
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306-22, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Zaviezo
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306-22, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Le Maguet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR SVQV INRA/UDS, Equipe ViVe. 28, rue de Herrlisheim. BP 20507, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - E Herrbach
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR SVQV INRA/UDS, Equipe ViVe. 28, rue de Herrlisheim. BP 20507, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - T Malausa
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR ISA INRA/UNSA/CNRS, Equipe BPI. 400, route des Chappes. BP 167, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France
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Kol-Maimon H, Ghanim M, Franco JC, Mendel Z. Evidence for gene flow between two sympatric mealybug species (Insecta; Coccoidea; Pseudococcidae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e88433. [PMID: 24523894 PMCID: PMC3921159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of inter-species hybrids in natural populations might be evidence of gene flow between species. In the present study we found evidence of gene flow between two sympatric, genetically related scale insect species--the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) and the vine mealybug Planococcus ficus (Signoret). These species can be distinguished by morphological, behavioral, and molecular traits. We employed the sex pheromones of the two respective species to study their different patterns of male attraction. We also used nuclear ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2) and mitochondrial COI (Cytochrome c oxidase sub unit 1) DNA sequences to characterize populations of the two species, in order to demonstrate the outcome of a possible gene flow between feral populations of the two species. Our results showed attraction to P. ficus pheromones of all tested populations of P. citri males but not vice versa. Furthermore, ITS2 sequences revealed the presence of 'hybrid females' among P. citri populations but not among those of P. ficus. 'hybrid females' from P. citri populations identified as P. citri females according to COI sequences. We offer two hypotheses for these results. 1) The occurrence of phenotypic and genotypic traits of P. ficus in P. citri populations may be attributed to both ancient and contemporary gene flow between their populations; and 2) we cannot rule out that an ancient sympatric speciation by which P. ficus emerged from P. citri might have led to the present situation of shared traits between these species. In light of these findings we also discuss the origin of the studied species and the importance of the pherotype phenomenon as a tool with which to study genetic relationships between congener scale insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hofit Kol-Maimon
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center (ARO), Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center (ARO), Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - José Carlos Franco
- Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia de Biossistemas/Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Zvi Mendel
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center (ARO), Bet Dagan, Israel
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Correa MCG, Germain JF, Malausa T, Zaviezo T. Molecular and morphological characterization of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from Chilean vineyards. Bull Entomol Res 2012; 102:524-530. [PMID: 22361038 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485312000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mealybugs are major pests of grapevines worldwide. They cause economic losses by lowering the cosmetic value of fruits, reducing yields, transmitting viruses and resulting in the quarantine or rejection of produce in international trade. Knowledge of the species present in a vineyard is important for the adjustment of management strategies. We surveyed and accurately characterized the mealybugs infesting vineyards in one of the main production areas of Chile; 164 mealybugs were sampled from 26 vineyards in four regions of Chile and identified by DNA sequencing for two markers (cytochrome oxidase I and internal transcribed spacer 2) and morphological examination. Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) was the most common species, followed by Pseudococcus meridionalis Prado and Pseudococcus cribata González. Molecular variability at the COI and ITS2 loci was observed in both P. viburni and P. cribata. A comparison of haplotypes of P. viburni worldwide provides support for a recent hypothesis that this species is native to South America, a finding with direct consequences for management. Neither Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni & Tozzetti) nor Planococcus ficus Signoret were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C G Correa
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306-22, Santiago, Chile
| | - J-F Germain
- ANSES, Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - T Malausa
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR ISA INRA/UNSA/CNRS, Equipe BPI 400, route des Chappes, BP 167, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - T Zaviezo
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306-22, Santiago, Chile
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