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Cáceres TM, Cruz-Saavedra L, Patiño LH, Ramírez JD. Comparative analysis of metacyclogenesis and infection curves in different discrete typing units of Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:181. [PMID: 38602595 PMCID: PMC11008065 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by the complex life cycle parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a global health concern and impacts millions globally. T. cruzi's genetic variability is categorized into discrete typing units (DTUs). Despite their widespread presence in the Americas, a comprehensive understanding of their impact on CD is lacking. This study aims to analyze life cycle traits across life cycle stages, unraveling DTU dynamics. Metacyclogenesis curves were generated, inducing nutritional stress in epimastigotes of five DTUs (TcI (MG), TcI (DA), TcII(Y), TcIII, TcIV, and TcVI), resulting in metacyclic trypomastigotes. Infection dynamics in Vero cells from various DTUs were evaluated, exploring factors like amastigotes per cell, cell-derived trypomastigotes, and infection percentage. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA tests, identified significant differences. Varying onset times for metacyclogenesis converged on the 7th day. TcI (MG) exhibited the highest metacyclogenesis potential. TcI (DA) stood out, infecting 80% of cells within 24 h. TcI demonstrated the highest potential in both metacyclogenesis and infection among the strains assessed. Intra-DTU diversity was evident among TcI strains, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of Trypanosoma cruzi dynamics and genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M Cáceres
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lissa Cruz-Saavedra
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luz Helena Patiño
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Silvestrini MMA, Alessio GD, Frias BED, Sales Júnior PA, Araújo MSS, Silvestrini CMA, Brito Alvim de Melo GE, Martins-Filho OA, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins HR. New insights into Trypanosoma cruzi genetic diversity, and its influence on parasite biology and clinical outcomes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342431. [PMID: 38655255 PMCID: PMC11035809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a serious public health problem worldwide. The parasite was subdivided into six distinct genetic groups, called "discrete typing units" (DTUs), from TcI to TcVI. Several studies have indicated that the heterogeneity of T. cruzi species directly affects the diversity of clinical manifestations of Chagas disease, control, diagnosis performance, and susceptibility to treatment. Thus, this review aims to describe how T. cruzi genetic diversity influences the biology of the parasite and/or clinical parameters in humans. Regarding the geographic dispersion of T. cruzi, evident differences were observed in the distribution of DTUs in distinct areas. For example, TcII is the main DTU detected in Brazilian patients from the central and southeastern regions, where there are also registers of TcVI as a secondary T. cruzi DTU. An important aspect observed in previous studies is that the genetic variability of T. cruzi can impact parasite infectivity, reproduction, and differentiation in the vectors. It has been proposed that T. cruzi DTU influences the host immune response and affects disease progression. Genetic aspects of the parasite play an important role in determining which host tissues will be infected, thus heavily influencing Chagas disease's pathogenesis. Several teams have investigated the correlation between T. cruzi DTU and the reactivation of Chagas disease. In agreement with these data, it is reasonable to suppose that the immunological condition of the patient, whether or not associated with the reactivation of the T. cruzi infection and the parasite strain, may have an important role in the pathogenesis of Chagas disease. In this context, understanding the genetics of T. cruzi and its biological and clinical implications will provide new knowledge that may contribute to additional strategies in the diagnosis and clinical outcome follow-up of patients with Chagas disease, in addition to the reactivation of immunocompromised patients infected with T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glaucia Diniz Alessio
- Integrated Biomarker Research Group, René Rachou Institute, Fiocruz Minas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna Estefânia Diniz Frias
- Integrated Biomarker Research Group, René Rachou Institute, Fiocruz Minas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Policarpo Ademar Sales Júnior
- Integrated Biomarker Research Group, René Rachou Institute, Fiocruz Minas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Márcio Sobreira Silva Araújo
- Integrated Biomarker Research Group, René Rachou Institute, Fiocruz Minas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Integrated Biomarker Research Group, René Rachou Institute, Fiocruz Minas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Integrated Biomarker Research Group, René Rachou Institute, Fiocruz Minas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helen Rodrigues Martins
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Hoyos Sanchez MC, Ospina Zapata HS, Suarez BD, Ospina C, Barbosa HJ, Carranza Martinez JC, Vallejo GA, Urrea Montes D, Duitama J. A phased genome assembly of a Colombian Trypanosoma cruzi TcI strain and the evolution of gene families. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2054. [PMID: 38267502 PMCID: PMC10808112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chagas is an endemic disease in tropical regions of Latin America, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. High intraspecies variability and genome complexity have been challenges to assemble high quality genomes needed for studies in evolution, population genomics, diagnosis and drug development. Here we present a chromosome-level phased assembly of a TcI T. cruzi strain (Dm25). While 29 chromosomes show a large collinearity with the assembly of the Brazil A4 strain, three chromosomes show both large heterozygosity and large divergence, compared to previous assemblies of TcI T. cruzi strains. Nucleotide and protein evolution statistics indicate that T. cruzi Marinkellei separated before the diversification of T. cruzi in the known DTUs. Interchromosomal paralogs of dispersed gene families and histones appeared before but at the same time have a more strict purifying selection, compared to other repeat families. Previously unreported large tandem arrays of protein kinases and histones were identified in this assembly. Over one million variants obtained from Illumina reads aligned to the primary assembly clearly separate the main DTUs. We expect that this new assembly will be a valuable resource for further studies on evolution and functional genomics of Trypanosomatids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camila Hoyos Sanchez
- Systems and Computing Engineering Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | | | - Brayhan Dario Suarez
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Tropical (LIPT), Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Carlos Ospina
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Tropical (LIPT), Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Hamilton Julian Barbosa
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Tropical (LIPT), Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | | | - Gustavo Adolfo Vallejo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Tropical (LIPT), Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Daniel Urrea Montes
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Tropical (LIPT), Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Jorge Duitama
- Systems and Computing Engineering Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Gomes DC, Medeiros TS, Alves Pereira EL, da Silva JFO, de Freitas Oliveira JW, Fernandes-Pedrosa MDF, de Sousa da Silva M, da Silva-Júnior AA. From Benznidazole to New Drugs: Nanotechnology Contribution in Chagas Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13778. [PMID: 37762080 PMCID: PMC10530915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Benznidazole and nifurtimox are the two approved drugs for their treatment, but both drugs present side effects and efficacy problems, especially in the chronic phase of this disease. Therefore, new molecules have been tested with promising results aiming for strategic targeting action against T. cruzi. Several studies involve in vitro screening, but a considerable number of in vivo studies describe drug bioavailability increment, drug stability, toxicity assessment, and mainly the efficacy of new drugs and formulations. In this context, new drug delivery systems, such as nanotechnology systems, have been developed for these purposes. Some nanocarriers are able to interact with the immune system of the vertebrate host, modulating the immune response to the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms. In this overview of nanotechnology-based delivery strategies for established and new antichagasic agents, different strategies, and limitations of a wide class of nanocarriers are explored, as new perspectives in the treatment and monitoring of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Cavalcante Gomes
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (D.C.G.); (T.S.M.); (E.L.A.P.); (J.F.O.d.S.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
| | - Thayse Silva Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (D.C.G.); (T.S.M.); (E.L.A.P.); (J.F.O.d.S.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
| | - Eron Lincoln Alves Pereira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (D.C.G.); (T.S.M.); (E.L.A.P.); (J.F.O.d.S.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
| | - João Felipe Oliveira da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (D.C.G.); (T.S.M.); (E.L.A.P.); (J.F.O.d.S.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
| | - Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (J.W.d.F.O.); (M.d.S.d.S.)
| | - Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (D.C.G.); (T.S.M.); (E.L.A.P.); (J.F.O.d.S.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
| | - Marcelo de Sousa da Silva
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (J.W.d.F.O.); (M.d.S.d.S.)
| | - Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (D.C.G.); (T.S.M.); (E.L.A.P.); (J.F.O.d.S.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
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Ferreira JM, dos Santos BRC, de Moura EL, dos Santos ACM, Vencioneck Dutra JC, Figueiredo EVMDS, de Lima Filho JL. Narrowing the Relationship between Human CCR5 Gene Polymorphisms and Chagas Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1677. [PMID: 37629534 PMCID: PMC10455882 DOI: 10.3390/life13081677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to carry out a qualitative and quantitative synthesis of the influence of CCR5 genetic variants on Chagas disease (CD) through a systematic review. A total of 1197 articles were analyzed, and eleven were included in the review. A meta-analysis was conducted along with principal component analyses (PCAs). The polymorphisms found were analyzed using the SNP2TFBS tool to identify possible variants that influence the interaction with gene binding sites. Eleven studied variants were identified: rs2856758, rs2734648, rs1799987, rs1799988, rs41469351, rs1800023, rs1800024, Δ32/rs333, rs3176763, rs3087253 and rs11575815. The studies analyzed were published between 2001 and 2019, conducted in Argentina, Brazil, Spain, Colombia and Venezuela, and included Argentine, Brazilian, Colombian, Peruvian and Venezuelan patients. Eight polymorphisms were subjected to the meta-analysis, of which six were associated with the development of the cardiac form of CD: rs1799987-G/G and G/A in the dominance model and G/G in the recessiveness model; rs2856758-A/G in the codominance model; rs2734648-T/T and T/G in the dominance model; rs1799988-T/T in both the codominance and recessiveness models; rs1800023-G allele and the G/G genotype in the codominance and recessiveness models, and the G/G and G/A genotypes in the dominance model; and rs1800024-T allele. The PCA analyses were able to indicate the relationships between the alleles and the genotypes of the polymorphisms. The SNP2TFBS tool identified rs1800023 as an influencer of the Spi1 transcription factor (p < 0.05). A correlation was established between the alleles associated with the cardiac form of CD in this review, members of the C haplotype of the gene (HHC-TGTG), and the cardiac form of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Moisés Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami—LIKA, Centro de Biocièncias, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Espírito Santo (SEDU), Santa Lucia, Vitória 29056-085, Espírito Santo, Brazil;
| | - Barbara Rayssa Correia dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Expressão Gênica—LABMEG, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus Arapiraca, Arapiraca 57300-970, Alagoas, Brazil; (B.R.C.d.S.); (E.L.d.M.); (A.C.M.d.S.); (E.V.M.d.S.F.)
| | - Edilson Leite de Moura
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Expressão Gênica—LABMEG, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus Arapiraca, Arapiraca 57300-970, Alagoas, Brazil; (B.R.C.d.S.); (E.L.d.M.); (A.C.M.d.S.); (E.V.M.d.S.F.)
| | - Ana Caroline Melo dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Expressão Gênica—LABMEG, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus Arapiraca, Arapiraca 57300-970, Alagoas, Brazil; (B.R.C.d.S.); (E.L.d.M.); (A.C.M.d.S.); (E.V.M.d.S.F.)
| | - Jean Carlos Vencioneck Dutra
- Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Espírito Santo (SEDU), Santa Lucia, Vitória 29056-085, Espírito Santo, Brazil;
| | - Elaine Virgínia Martins de Sousa Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Expressão Gênica—LABMEG, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus Arapiraca, Arapiraca 57300-970, Alagoas, Brazil; (B.R.C.d.S.); (E.L.d.M.); (A.C.M.d.S.); (E.V.M.d.S.F.)
| | - José Luiz de Lima Filho
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami—LIKA, Centro de Biocièncias, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Rossi IV, Nunes MAF, Sabatke B, Ribas HT, Winnischofer SMB, Ramos ASP, Inal JM, Ramirez MI. An induced population of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes more resistant to complement lysis promotes a phenotype with greater differentiation, invasiveness, and release of extracellular vesicles. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1046681. [PMID: 36590580 PMCID: PMC9795005 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1046681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which uses blood-feeding triatomine bugs as a vector to finally infect mammalian hosts. Upon entering the host, the parasite needs to effectively evade the attack of the complement system and quickly invade cells to guarantee an infection. In order to accomplish this, T. cruzi expresses different molecules on its surface and releases extracellular vesicles (EVs). Methods Here, we have selected a population of epimastigotes (a replicative form) from T. cruzi through two rounds of exposure to normal human serum (NHS), to reach 30% survival (2R population). This 2R population was characterized in several aspects and compared to Wild type population. Results The 2R population had a favored metacyclogenesis compared with wild-type (WT) parasites. 2R metacyclic trypomastigotes had a two-fold increase in resistance to complementmediated lysis and were at least three times more infective to eukaryotic cells, probably due to a higher GP82 expression in the resistant population. Moreover, we have shown that EVs from resistant parasites can transfer the invasive phenotype to the WT population. In addition, we showed that the virulence phenotype of the selected population remains in the trypomastigote form derived from cell culture, which is more infective and also has a higher rate of release of trypomastigotes from infected cells. Conclusions Altogether, these data indicate that it is possible to select parasites after exposure to a particular stress factor and that the phenotype of epimastigotes remained in the infective stage. Importantly, EVs seem to be an important virulence fator increasing mechanism in this context of survival and persistence in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izadora Volpato Rossi
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil,Carlos Chagas Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ-PR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Sabatke
- Carlos Chagas Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ-PR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil,Graduate Program in Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Hennrique Taborda Ribas
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sheila Maria Brochado Winnischofer
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Jameel Malhador Inal
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom,School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Carlos Chagas Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ-PR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil,*Correspondence: Marcel Ivan Ramirez,
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Velázquez-Ramírez DD, Pérez de Léon AA, Ochoa-Díaz-López H. Review of American Trypanosomiasis in Southern Mexico Highlights Opportunity for Surveillance Research to Advance Control Through the One Health Approach. Front Public Health 2022; 10:838949. [PMID: 35372189 PMCID: PMC8964530 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.838949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adalberto A Pérez de Léon
- USDA-ARS San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, United States.,Veterinary Pest Genomics Center, Kerrville, TX, United States
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Flores-López CA, Mitchell EA, Reisenman CE, Sarkar S, Williamson PC, Machado CA. Phylogenetic diversity of two common Trypanosoma cruzi lineages in the Southwestern United States. Infect Genet Evol 2022; 99:105251. [PMID: 35183751 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, a devastating parasitic disease endemic to Central and South America, Mexico, and the USA. We characterized the genetic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi circulating in five triatomine species (Triatoma gerstaeckeri, T. lecticularia, T.indictiva, T. sanguisuga and T. recurva) collected in Texas and Southern Arizona using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) with four single-copy loci (cytochrome oxidase subunit II- NADH dehydrogensase subunit 1 region (COII-ND1), mismatch-repair class 2 (MSH2), dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS) and a nuclear gene with ID TcCLB.506529.310). All T. cruzi variants fall in two main genetic lineages: 75% of the samples corresponded to T. cruzi Discrete Typing Unit (DTU) I (TcI), and 25% to a North American specific lineage previously labelled TcIV-USA. Phylogenetic and sequence divergence analyses of our new data plus all previously published sequence data from those four loci collected in the USA, show that TcIV-USA is significantly different from any other previously defined T. cruzi DTUs. The significant level of genetic divergence between TcIV-USA and other T. cruzi DTUs should lead to an increased focus on understanding the epidemiological importance of this DTU, as well as its geographical range and pathogenicity in humans and domestic animals. Our findings further corroborate the fact that there is a high genetic diversity of the parasite in North America and emphasize the need for appropriate surveillance and vector control programs for Chagas disease in southern USA and Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Flores-López
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth A Mitchell
- Tick-Borne Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Carolina E Reisenman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sahotra Sarkar
- Department of Philosophy and Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Philip C Williamson
- Tick-Borne Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA; Creative Testing Solutions, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Carlos A Machado
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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Ayo CM, Bestetti RB, de Campos Junior E, Ronchi LS, Borim AA, Brandão CC, de Matttos LC. MICA and KIR: Immunogenetic Factors Influencing Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction and Digestive Clinical Form of Chronic Chagas Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714766. [PMID: 34489964 PMCID: PMC8418128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage observed in the clinical forms of chronic symptomatic Chagas disease seems to have a close relationship with the intensity of the inflammatory process. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the MICA (MHC class I-related chain A) and KIR (killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors) polymorphisms are associated with the cardiac and digestive clinical forms of chronic Chagas disease. Possible influence of these genes polymorphisms on the left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in patients with chronic Chagas heart disease was also evaluated. This study enrolled 185 patients with positive serology for Trypanosoma cruzi classified according to the clinical form of the disease: cardiac (n=107) and digestive (n=78). Subsequently, patients with the cardiac form of the disease were sub-classified as with LVSD (n=52) and without LVSD (n=55). A control group was formed of 110 healthy individuals. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP). Statistical analyzes were carried out using the Chi-square test and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was also calculated to evaluate the risk association. MICA-129 allele with high affinity for the NKG2D receptor was associated to the LVSD in patients with CCHD. The haplotype MICA*008~HLA-C*06 and the KIR2DS2-/KIR2DL2-/KIR2DL3+/C1+ combination were associated to the digestive clinical form of the disease. Our data showed that the MICA and KIR polymorphisms may exert a role in the LVSD of cardiac patients, and in digestive form of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Maria Ayo
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Bulgarelli Bestetti
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Sérgio Ronchi
- Surgery Department, Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Aldenis Albaneze Borim
- Surgery Department, Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Cinara Cássia Brandão
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Matttos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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Rincón-Acevedo CY, Parada-García AS, Olivera MJ, Torres-Torres F, Zuleta-Dueñas LP, Hernández C, Ramírez JD. Clinical and Epidemiological Characterization of Acute Chagas Disease in Casanare, Eastern Colombia, 2012-2020. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:681635. [PMID: 34368188 PMCID: PMC8343227 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.681635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is considered a public health problem in Latin America. In Colombia, it affects more than 437,000 inhabitants, mainly in Casanare, an endemic region with eco-epidemiological characteristics that favor its transmission. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the cases of acute CD in Casanare, eastern Colombia, in the period 2012–2020. Methods: In the present study, 103 medical records of confirmed cases of acute CD were reviewed. The departmental/national incidence and fatality were compared by year; the climatological data of mean temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation per year were reviewed and plotted at IDEAM (Colombian Meteorology Institute) concerning the number of cases of acute CD per month, and it was compared with the frequency of triatomines collected in infested houses by community surveillance. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed, comparing symptoms and signs according to transmission routes, complications, and age groups. Results: The incidence was 3.16 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, and the fatality rate was 20% in the study period. The most frequent symptoms included: fever 98.1%, myalgia 62.1%, arthralgia 60.2%, and headache 49.5%. There were significant differences in the frequency of myalgia, abdominal pain, and periorbital edema in oral transmission. The main complications were pericardial effusion, myocarditis, and heart failure in the group over 18 years of age. In Casanare, TcI Discrete Typing Unit (DTU) has mainly been identified in humans, triatomines, and reservoirs such as opossums and dogs and TcBat in bats. An increase in the number of acute CD cases was evidenced in March, a period when precipitation increases due to the beginning of the rainy season. Conclusions: The results corroborate the symptomatic heterogeneity of the acute phase of CD, which delays treatment, triggering possible clinical complications. In endemic regions, clinical suspicion, diagnostic capacity, detection, and surveillance programs should be strengthened, including intersectoral public health policies for their prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Yaneth Rincón-Acevedo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.,Maestría en Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrea Stella Parada-García
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.,Maestría en Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Carolina Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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11
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de Freitas Oliveira JW, Torres TM, Moreno CJG, Amorim-Carmo B, Damasceno IZ, Soares AKMC, da Silva Barbosa J, Rocha HAO, Silva MS. Insights of antiparasitic activity of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate against different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11200. [PMID: 34045624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and affects thousands of people. Drugs currently used in therapy are toxic and have therapeutic limitations. In addition, the genetic diversity of T. cruzi represents an important variable and challenge in treatment. Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC) is a compound with pharmacological versatility acting as metal chelators and ROS generation. Thus, the objective was to characterize the antiparasitic action of DETC against different strains and forms of T. cruzi and their mechanism. The different strains of T. cruzi were grown in LIT medium. To evaluate the antiparasitic activity of DETC, epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi were used by resazurin reduction methods and by counting. Different response patterns were obtained between the strains and an IC50 of DETC ranging from 9.44 ± 3,181 to 60.49 ± 7.62 µM. Cell cytotoxicity against 3T3 and RAW cell lines and evaluated by MTT, demonstrated that DETC in high concentration (2222.00 µM) presents low toxicity. Yet, DETC causes mitochondrial damage in T. cruzi, as well as disruption in parasite membrane. DETC has antiparasitic activity against different genotypes and forms of T. cruzi, therefore, representing a promising molecule as a drug for the treatment of Chagas disease.
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12
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Bayão TDS, Cupertino MDC, Mayers NAJ, Siqueira-Batista R. A systematic review of the diagnostic aspects and use of Trypanosoma rangeli as an immunogen for Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20190608. [PMID: 32935777 PMCID: PMC7491552 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0608-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Trypanosoma rangeli is a protozoan that infects several domestic and wild mammals and shows significant distribution in Latin American countries. T. rangeli infection is similar to Chagas disease, both in diagnostic and prophylactic terms. Thus, the objective of this work was to review the diagnostic aspects and use of T. rangeli as an immunogen for Trypanosoma cruzi infection. METHODS: For this elaboration, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were adopted with descriptors derived from the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) platform in the PubMed/MEDLINE and SciELO databases. The inclusion criteria were defined as original articles on "Trypanosoma rangeli" and diagnostic aspects of T. rangeli infection in humans and/or research on the possible vaccines developed using T. rangeli strains for T. cruzi infection. RESULTS: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 articles were procured, of which 4 addressed research on the possible vaccines developed using T. rangeli for T. cruzi infection in vertebrates and the remaining 14 predominantly dealt with the diagnostic aspects of T. rangeli infection in humans. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we formulated a compilation of the essential literature on this subject, emphasizing the need for more accurate and accessible techniques for the differential diagnosis of infections caused by both protozoa, and underscored several prospects in the search for a vaccine for Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taciana de Souza Bayão
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Medicina e Enfermagem, Laboratório de Métodos Epidemiológicos e Computacionais em Saúde, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - Marli do Carmo Cupertino
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Medicina e Enfermagem, Laboratório de Métodos Epidemiológicos e Computacionais em Saúde, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.,Faculdade Dinâmica do Vale do Piranga, Escola de Medicina, Ponte Nova, MG, Brasil
| | - Nicholas Alfred Joseph Mayers
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Medicina e Enfermagem, Laboratório de Métodos Epidemiológicos e Computacionais em Saúde, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Siqueira-Batista
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Medicina e Enfermagem, Laboratório de Métodos Epidemiológicos e Computacionais em Saúde, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.,Faculdade Dinâmica do Vale do Piranga, Escola de Medicina, Ponte Nova, MG, Brasil
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13
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Juárez-Saldivar A, Schroeder M, Salentin S, Haupt VJ, Saavedra E, Vázquez C, Reyes-Espinosa F, Herrera-Mayorga V, Villalobos-Rocha JC, García-Pérez CA, Campillo NE, Rivera G. Computational Drug Repositioning for Chagas Disease Using Protein-Ligand Interaction Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124270. [PMID: 32560043 PMCID: PMC7348847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), affects nearly eight million people worldwide. There are currently only limited treatment options, which cause several side effects and have drug resistance. Thus, there is a great need for a novel, improved Chagas treatment. Bifunctional enzyme dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS) has emerged as a promising pharmacological target. Moreover, some human dihydrofolate reductase (HsDHFR) inhibitors such as trimetrexate also inhibit T. cruzi DHFR-TS (TcDHFR-TS). These compounds serve as a starting point and a reference in a screening campaign to search for new TcDHFR-TS inhibitors. In this paper, a novel virtual screening approach was developed that combines classical docking with protein-ligand interaction profiling to identify drug repositioning opportunities against T. cruzi infection. In this approach, some food and drug administration (FDA)-approved drugs that were predicted to bind with high affinity to TcDHFR-TS and whose predicted molecular interactions are conserved among known inhibitors were selected. Overall, ten putative TcDHFR-TS inhibitors were identified. These exhibited a similar interaction profile and a higher computed binding affinity, compared to trimetrexate. Nilotinib, glipizide, glyburide and gliquidone were tested on T. cruzi epimastigotes and showed growth inhibitory activity in the micromolar range. Therefore, these compounds could lead to the development of new treatment options for Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Juárez-Saldivar
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (A.J.-S.); (F.R.-E.); (V.H.-M.); (J.C.V.-R.)
| | - Michael Schroeder
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.); (S.S.); (V.J.H.)
| | - Sebastian Salentin
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.); (S.S.); (V.J.H.)
| | - V. Joachim Haupt
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.); (S.S.); (V.J.H.)
| | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (E.S.); (C.V.)
| | - Citlali Vázquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (E.S.); (C.V.)
| | - Francisco Reyes-Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (A.J.-S.); (F.R.-E.); (V.H.-M.); (J.C.V.-R.)
| | - Verónica Herrera-Mayorga
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (A.J.-S.); (F.R.-E.); (V.H.-M.); (J.C.V.-R.)
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Mante, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Mante 89840, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Villalobos-Rocha
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (A.J.-S.); (F.R.-E.); (V.H.-M.); (J.C.V.-R.)
| | - Carlos A. García-Pérez
- Scientific Computing Research Unit, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Nuria E. Campillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (A.J.-S.); (F.R.-E.); (V.H.-M.); (J.C.V.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-1-8991-601-356
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14
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Ramírez-Toloza G, Sosoniuk-Roche E, Valck C, Aguilar-Guzmán L, Ferreira VP, Ferreira A. Trypanosoma cruzi Calreticulin: Immune Evasion, Infectivity, and Tumorigenesis. Trends Parasitol 2020; 36:368-381. [PMID: 32191851 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To successfully infect, Trypanosoma cruzi evades and modulates the host immune response. T. cruzi calreticulin (TcCalr) is a multifunctional, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperone that, translocated to the external microenvironment, mediates crucial host-parasite interactions. TcCalr binds and inactivates C1 and mannose-binding lectin (MBL)/ficolins, important pattern- recognition receptors (PRRs) of the complement system. Using an apoptotic mimicry strategy, the C1-TcCalr association facilitates the infection of target cells. T. cruzi infection also seems to confer protection against tumorigenesis. Thus, recombinant TcCalr has important antiangiogenic properties, detected in vitro, ex vivo, and in ovum, most likely contributing at least in part, to its antitumor properties. Consequently, TcCalr is useful for investigating key issues of host-parasite interactions and possible new immunological/pharmacological interventions in the areas of Chagas' disease and experimental cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galia Ramírez-Toloza
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | - Carolina Valck
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Aguilar-Guzmán
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana P Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH, USA
| | - Arturo Ferreira
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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15
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Callejas-Hernández F, Gutierrez-Nogues Á, Rastrojo A, Gironès N, Fresno M. Analysis of mRNA processing at whole transcriptome level, transcriptomic profile and genome sequence refinement of Trypanosoma cruzi. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17376. [PMID: 31758058 PMCID: PMC6874640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic sequence of Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan causative of Chagas disease was published more than a decade ago. However, due to their complexity, its complete haploid predicted sequence and therefore its genetic repertoire remains unconfirmed. In this work, we have used RNAseq data to improve the previous genome assembly of Sylvio X10 strain and to define the complete transcriptome at trypomastigote stage (mammalian stage). A total of 22,977 transcripts were identified, of which more than half could be considered novel as they did not match previously annotated genes. Moreover, for the first time in T. cruzi, we are providing their relative abundance levels. We have identified that Sylvio X10 trypomastigotes exhibit a predominance of surface protein genes, specifically those encoding trans-sialidase and mucin-like proteins. On the other hand, detailed analysis of the pre-mRNA processing sites revealed some similarities but also some differences in the spliced leader and different polyadenylation addition sites compared to close related kinetoplastid parasites. Our results also confirm that transcription is bidirectional as occur in other kinetoplastids and the proportion of forward-sense and reverse-sense transcripts is almost equivalent, demonstrating that a strand-specificity does not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Callejas-Hernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Gutierrez-Nogues
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Rastrojo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Gironès
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Sanitario de Investigación Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Sanitario de Investigación Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Kramm MM, Montalvo AE, Parker ID, Lopez RR, Gorchakov R, Nolan MS. Immunochromatographic antibody screening for diagnosis of
Trypanosoma cruzi
in South Texas meso‐mammals. WILDLIFE SOC B 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew M. Kramm
- Texas A&M University, Department of Wildlife & Fisheries Sciences 534 John Kimbrough College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Andrea E. Montalvo
- Texas A&M Natural Resources Institute 1919 Oakwell Farms Parkway San Antonio TX 78218 USA
| | - Israel D. Parker
- Texas A&M Natural Resources Institute 1919 Oakwell Farms Parkway San Antonio TX 78218 USA
| | - Roel R. Lopez
- Texas A&M Natural Resources Institute 1919 Oakwell Farms Parkway San Antonio TX 78218 USA
| | - Rodeon Gorchakov
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's HospitalNational School of Tropical Medicine 1102 Bates Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Melissa S. Nolan
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's HospitalNational School of Tropical Medicine 1102 Bates Houston TX 77030 USA
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17
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Cordero-Montoya G, Flores-Villegas AL, Salazar-Schettino PM, Vences-Blanco MO, Rocha-Ortega M, Gutiérrez-Cabrera AE, Rojas-Ortega E, Córdoba-Aguilar A. The cost of being a killer's accomplice: Trypanosoma cruzi impairs the fitness of kissing bugs. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2523-9. [PMID: 31385028 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Relatively little is known about the fitness effects and life history trade-offs in medically important parasites and their insect vectors. One such case is the triatomine bugs and the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the key actors in Chagas disease. Previous studies have revealed some costs but have not simultaneously examined traits related to development, reproduction, and survival or their possible trade-offs. In addition, these studies have not compared the effects of genetically different T. cruzi strains that differ in their weakening effects in their vertebrate hosts. We compared the body size of the bugs after infection, the number of eggs laid, hatching/non-hatching rate, hatching success, survival, and the resulting number of parasites in Meccus (Triatoma) pallidipennis bugs that were experimentally infected with two strains of T. cruzi (Chilpancingo [CH], the most debilitating in vertebrates; and Morelos [MO], the least debilitating) (both belonging to TcI group). Our results showed that infection affects size (MO < CH; MO and CH = control), number of eggs laid (MO and CH < control) hatching/non-hatching rate (MO < control < CH), hatching success (control < MO, CH = control = MO), and survival (Chilpancingo < Morelos < control). In addition, the CH strain produced more parasites than the MO strain. These results suggest that (a) infection costs depend on the parasite's origin, (b) the more debilitating effects of the CH strain are due to its increased proliferation in the host, and (c) differences in pathogenicity among T. cruzi strains can be maintained through their different effects on hosts' life history traits. Probably, the vectorial capacity mediated by a more aggressive strain could be reduced due to its costs on the triatomine, leading to a lower risk of vertebrate and invertebrate infection in natural populations.
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