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Rossi IV, de Souza DAS, Ramirez MI. The End Justifies the Means: Chagas Disease from a Perspective of the Host- Trypanosoma cruzi Interaction. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:488. [PMID: 38672758 PMCID: PMC11050810 DOI: 10.3390/life14040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The neglected Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Despite CD dispersion throughout the world, it prevails in tropical areas affecting mainly poor communities, causing devastating health, social and economic consequences. Clinically, CD is marked by a mildly symptomatic acute phase, and a chronic phase characterized by cardiac and/or digestive complications. Current treatment for CD relies on medications with strong side effects and reduced effectiveness. The complex interaction between the parasite and the host outlines the etiology and progression of CD. The unique characteristics and high adaptability of T. cruzi, its mechanisms of persistence, and evasion of the immune system seem to influence the course of the disease. Despite the efforts to uncover the pathology of CD, there are many gaps in understanding how it is established and reaches chronicity. Also, the lack of effective treatments and protective vaccines constitute challenges for public health. Here, we explain the background in which CD is established, from the peculiarities of T. cruzi molecular biology to the development of the host's immune response leading to the pathophysiology of CD. We also discuss the state of the art of treatments for CD and current challenges in basic and applied science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izadora Volpato Rossi
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Carlos Chagas Institute/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PR), Curitiba 81310-020, PR, Brazil;
| | - Denise Andréa Silva de Souza
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Carlos Chagas Institute/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PR), Curitiba 81310-020, PR, Brazil;
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Carlos Chagas Institute/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PR), Curitiba 81310-020, PR, Brazil;
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Rossi IV, de Almeida RF, Sabatke B, de Godoy LMF, Ramirez MI. Trypanosoma cruzi interaction with host tissues modulate the composition of large extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5000. [PMID: 38424216 PMCID: PMC10904747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the protozoan that causes Chagas disease (CD), an endemic parasitosis in Latin America distributed around the globe. If CD is not treated in acute phase, the parasite remains silent for years in the host's tissues in a chronic form, which may progress to cardiac, digestive or neurological manifestations. Recently, studies indicated that the gastrointestinal tract represents an important reservoir for T. cruzi in the chronic phase. During interaction T. cruzi and host cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that modulates the immune system and infection, but the dynamics of secretion of host and parasite molecules through these EVs is not understood. Now, we used two cell lines: mouse myoblast cell line C2C12, and human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2to simulate the environments found by the parasite in the host. We isolated large EVs (LEVs) from the interaction of T. cruzi CL Brener and Dm28c/C2C12 and Caco-2 cells upon 2 and 24 h of infection. Our data showed that at two hours there is a strong cellular response mediated by EVs, both in the number, variety and enrichment/targeting of proteins found in LEVs for diverse functions. Qualitative and quantitative analysis showed that proteins exported in LEVs of C2C12 and Caco-2 have different patterns. We found a predominance of host proteins at early infection. The parasite-host cell interaction induces a switch in the functionality of proteins carried by LEVs and a heterogeneous response depending on the tissues analyzed. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed that cytoplasmic and mitochondrial homologues of the same parasite protein, tryparedoxin peroxidase, were differentially packaged in LEVs, also impacting the interacting molecule of this protein in the host. These data provide new evidence that the interaction with T. cruzi leads to a rapid tissue response through the release of LEVs, reflecting the enrichment of some proteins that could modulate the infection environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izadora Volpato Rossi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- EVAHPI Research Group, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fogaça de Almeida
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistêmica de Tripanossomatídeos, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bruna Sabatke
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- EVAHPI Research Group, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lyris Martins Franco de Godoy
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistêmica de Tripanossomatídeos, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- EVAHPI Research Group, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Sana A, Rossi IV, Sabatke B, Bonato LB, Medeiros LCS, Ramirez MI. An Improved Method to Enrich Large Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Giardia intestinalis through Differential Centrifugation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1799. [PMID: 37763203 PMCID: PMC10532800 DOI: 10.3390/life13091799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis is a flagellated unicellular protozoan that colonizes the small intestine, causing the diarrheal disease called giardiasis. The production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by G. intestinalis and the role of these EVs in the parasite's interaction with the host have been described. According to biogenesis, EVs are grouped mainly into large (microvesicles-derived from the plasma membrane) and small (exosomes-derived from multivesicular bodies). Populations of EVs are heterogeneous, and improved methods to separate and study them are needed to understand their roles in cell physiology and pathologies. This work aimed to enrich the large extracellular vesicles (LEVs) of G. intestinalis in order to better understand the roles of these vesicles in the interaction of the parasite with the host. To achieve the enrichment of the LEVs, we have modified our previously described method and compared it by protein dosage and using Nano tracking analysis. Giardia intestinalis vesiculation was induced by incubation in a TYI-S-33 medium without serum, to which 1 mM of CaCl2 was added at 37 °C for 1 h. Then, the supernatant was centrifuged at 15,000× g for 1 h (15 K 1 h pellet), 15,000× g for 4 h (15 K 4 h pellet) and 100,000× g for 1.5 h (100 K 1h30 pellet). The pellet (containing EVs) was resuspended in 1× PBS and stored at 4 °C for later analysis. The EVs were quantified based on their protein concentrations using the Pierce BCA assay, and by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), which reports the concentration and size distribution of the particles. The NTA showed that direct ultracentrifugation at 100,000× g for 1.5 h and centrifugation at 15,000× g for 4 h concentrated more EVs compared to centrifugation at 15,000× g for 1 h. Additionally, it revealed that centrifugation at 15,000× g 4 h was able to concentrate at the same particle concentration levels as a direct ultracentrifugation at 100,000× g for 1.5 h. As for the enrichment of LEVs, the NTA has shown a higher concentration of LEVs in direct ultracentrifugation at 100,000× g for 1.5 h, and in centrifugation at 15,000× g for 4 h, compared to centrifugation at 15,000× g for 1 h. Our results have shown that the most used method at 15,000× g for 1 h is not enough to obtain a representative population of large EVs, and we suggest that LEVs released by G. intestinalis can be better enriched by direct ultracentrifugation at 100,000× g for 1.5 h, or by centrifugation at 15,000× g for 4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Sana
- EVAHPI—Extracellular Vesicles and Host–Parasite Interactions Research Group, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas-Fiocruz, Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil; (A.S.); (I.V.R.); (B.S.); (L.B.B.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, UFPR, Curitiba 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Izadora Volpato Rossi
- EVAHPI—Extracellular Vesicles and Host–Parasite Interactions Research Group, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas-Fiocruz, Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil; (A.S.); (I.V.R.); (B.S.); (L.B.B.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, UFPR, Curitiba 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Bruna Sabatke
- EVAHPI—Extracellular Vesicles and Host–Parasite Interactions Research Group, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas-Fiocruz, Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil; (A.S.); (I.V.R.); (B.S.); (L.B.B.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, UFPR, Curitiba 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Letícia Bassani Bonato
- EVAHPI—Extracellular Vesicles and Host–Parasite Interactions Research Group, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas-Fiocruz, Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil; (A.S.); (I.V.R.); (B.S.); (L.B.B.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, UFPR, Curitiba 81531-970, Brazil
| | | | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- EVAHPI—Extracellular Vesicles and Host–Parasite Interactions Research Group, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas-Fiocruz, Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil; (A.S.); (I.V.R.); (B.S.); (L.B.B.)
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas-Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil;
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Santiago VF, Dombrowski JG, Kawahara R, Rosa-Fernandes L, Mule SN, Murillo O, Santana TV, Coutinho JVP, Macedo-da-Silva J, Lazari LC, Peixoto EPM, Ramirez MI, Larsen MR, Marinho CRF, Palmisano G. Complement System Activation Is a Plasma Biomarker Signature during Malaria in Pregnancy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1624. [PMID: 37628675 PMCID: PMC10454407 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) is a public health problem in malaria-endemic areas, contributing to detrimental outcomes for both mother and fetus. Primigravida and second-time mothers are most affected by severe anemia complications and babies with low birth weight compared to multigravida women. Infected erythrocytes (IE) reach the placenta, activating the immune response by placental monocyte infiltration and inflammation. However, specific markers of MiP result in poor outcomes, such as low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction for babies and maternal anemia in women infected with Plasmodium falciparum are limited. In this study, we identified the plasma proteome signature of a mouse model infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA and pregnant women infected with Plasmodium falciparum infection using quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics. A total of 279 and 249 proteins were quantified in murine and human plasma samples, of which 28% and 30% were regulated proteins, respectively. Most of the regulated proteins in both organisms are involved in complement system activation during malaria in pregnancy. CBA anaphylatoxin assay confirmed the complement system activation by the increase in C3a and C4a anaphylatoxins in the infected plasma compared to non-infected plasma. Moreover, correlation analysis showed the association between complement system activation and reduced head circumference in newborns from Pf-infected mothers. The data obtained in this study highlight the correlation between the complement system and immune and newborn outcomes resulting from malaria in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Feijoli Santiago
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Jamille Gregorio Dombrowski
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Kawahara
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Analytical Glycoimmunology Group, Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Livia Rosa-Fernandes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Simon Ngao Mule
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Oscar Murillo
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center Science at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Thais Viggiani Santana
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Joao Victor Paccini Coutinho
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Janaina Macedo-da-Silva
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas Cardoso Lazari
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Erika Paula Machado Peixoto
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Martin R. Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Analytical Glycoimmunology Group, Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
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Rossi IV, Ramirez MI. Learning the language of pathogens. eLife 2023; 12:e89264. [PMID: 37318983 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasites can use extracellular vesicles and cellular projections called cytonemes to communicate with one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izadora Volpato Rossi
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Bernardi YE, Sanchez-Vasquez E, Piacentino ML, Urrutia H, Rossi I, Saraiva KLA, Pereira-Neves A, Ramirez MI, Bronner ME, de Miguel N, Strobl-Mazzulla PH. Extracellular vesicle-localized miR-203 mediates neural crest-placode communication required for trigeminal ganglia formation. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.14.532527. [PMID: 36993487 PMCID: PMC10055076 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
While interactions between neural crest and placode cells are critical for the proper formation of the trigeminal ganglion, the mechanisms underlying this process remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that the microRNA-(miR)203, whose epigenetic repression is required for neural crest migration, is reactivated in coalescing and condensing trigeminal ganglion cells. Overexpression of miR-203 induces ectopic coalescence of neural crest cells and increases ganglion size. Reciprocally, loss of miR-203 function in placode, but not neural crest, cells perturbs trigeminal ganglion condensation. Demonstrating intercellular communication, overexpression of miR-203 in the neural crest in vitro or in vivo represses a miR-responsive sensor in placode cells. Moreover, neural crest-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), visualized using pHluorin-CD63 vector, become incorporated into the cytoplasm of placode cells. Finally, RT-PCR analysis shows that small EVs isolated from condensing trigeminal ganglia are selectively loaded with miR-203. Together, our findings reveal a critical role in vivo for neural crest-placode communication mediated by sEVs and their selective microRNA cargo for proper trigeminal ganglion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanel E Bernardi
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology. Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM. Chascomús, ARGENTINA
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM). Chascomús, ARGENTINA
| | - Estefania Sanchez-Vasquez
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology. Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM. Chascomús, ARGENTINA
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM). Chascomús, ARGENTINA
| | | | - Hugo Urrutia
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Izadora Rossi
- Laboratorio de biologia molecular e sistematica de tripanossomatideos. Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz Parana, BRAZIL
| | | | - Antonio Pereira-Neves
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Recife, Pernambuco, BRAZIL
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Laboratorio de biologia molecular e sistematica de tripanossomatideos. Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz Parana, BRAZIL
| | | | - Natalia de Miguel
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM). Chascomús, ARGENTINA
- Laboratorio de Parásitos Anaerobios, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomús, ARGENTINA
| | - Pablo H. Strobl-Mazzulla
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology. Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM. Chascomús, ARGENTINA
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM). Chascomús, ARGENTINA
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Genta FA, Edreira MM, Ramirez MI. Remote conferences in parasitology and entomology during the pandemic: eliminate or maintain in a post-pandemic world? That is the dilemma! Rev Patol Trop 2023. [DOI: 10.5216/rpt.v51i4.72846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brought enormous challenges for health, scientists and academic world two years ago. Social isolation and the inabilities of face-to-face activities generated the emergence of many educational and scientific initiatives. Remote activities gave information and brought company and affection to people which allowed students and professionals from different parts of the world to integrate. In this report we are showing the experience from three initiatives in South America of scientific dissemination in infectious diseases. We discuss the scope of having a permanent practice for access and integration in science using remote communication, which can give great benefits in unequal societies.
KEY WORDS: E- learning; conferences; seminars; pandemic; webinars; parasitology.
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De Sousa KP, Rossi I, Abdullahi M, Ramirez MI, Stratton D, Inal JM. Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles and future directions in diagnosis and therapy. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2023; 15:e1835. [PMID: 35898167 PMCID: PMC10078256 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a unique and heterogeneous class of lipid bilayer nanoparticles secreted by most cells. EVs are regarded as important mediators of intercellular communication in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells due to their ability to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to recipient cells. In addition to their physiological role, EVs are recognized as modulators in pathological processes such as cancer, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, providing new potential targets for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. For a complete understanding of EVs as a universal cellular biological system and its translational applications, optimal techniques for their isolation and characterization are required. Here, we review recent progress in those techniques, from isolation methods to characterization techniques. With interest in therapeutic applications of EVs growing, we address fundamental points of EV-related cell biology, such as cellular uptake mechanisms and their biodistribution in tissues as well as challenges to their application as drug carriers or biomarkers for less invasive diagnosis or as immunogens. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina P De Sousa
- Bioscience Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Izadora Rossi
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK.,Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mahamed Abdullahi
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Dan Stratton
- Open University, The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Jameel Malhador Inal
- Bioscience Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK.,School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
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Castellanos-Castro S, Nakada-Tsukui K, Ramirez MI. Editorial: Vesicular biology, the inter- and intra-cellular communicators that shed light on the biology of parasites. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1141048. [PMID: 36816577 PMCID: PMC9929544 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1141048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Castellanos-Castro
- Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Marcel Ivan Ramirez, ; Silvia Castellanos-Castro,
| | - Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Instituto Carlos Chagas Fiocruz Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marcel Ivan Ramirez, ; Silvia Castellanos-Castro,
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Rojas‐Tapias DF, Ramirez MI. Molecular Microbiology of the host‐pathogen interaction in neglected tropical diseases. Mol Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Rossi IV, Nunes MAF, Sabatke B, Ribas HT, Winnischofer SMB, Ramos ASP, Inal JM, Ramirez MI. An induced population of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes more resistant to complement lysis promotes a phenotype with greater differentiation, invasiveness, and release of extracellular vesicles. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1046681. [PMID: 36590580 PMCID: PMC9795005 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1046681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which uses blood-feeding triatomine bugs as a vector to finally infect mammalian hosts. Upon entering the host, the parasite needs to effectively evade the attack of the complement system and quickly invade cells to guarantee an infection. In order to accomplish this, T. cruzi expresses different molecules on its surface and releases extracellular vesicles (EVs). Methods Here, we have selected a population of epimastigotes (a replicative form) from T. cruzi through two rounds of exposure to normal human serum (NHS), to reach 30% survival (2R population). This 2R population was characterized in several aspects and compared to Wild type population. Results The 2R population had a favored metacyclogenesis compared with wild-type (WT) parasites. 2R metacyclic trypomastigotes had a two-fold increase in resistance to complementmediated lysis and were at least three times more infective to eukaryotic cells, probably due to a higher GP82 expression in the resistant population. Moreover, we have shown that EVs from resistant parasites can transfer the invasive phenotype to the WT population. In addition, we showed that the virulence phenotype of the selected population remains in the trypomastigote form derived from cell culture, which is more infective and also has a higher rate of release of trypomastigotes from infected cells. Conclusions Altogether, these data indicate that it is possible to select parasites after exposure to a particular stress factor and that the phenotype of epimastigotes remained in the infective stage. Importantly, EVs seem to be an important virulence fator increasing mechanism in this context of survival and persistence in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izadora Volpato Rossi
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil,Carlos Chagas Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ-PR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Sabatke
- Carlos Chagas Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ-PR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil,Graduate Program in Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Hennrique Taborda Ribas
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sheila Maria Brochado Winnischofer
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Jameel Malhador Inal
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom,School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Carlos Chagas Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ-PR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil,*Correspondence: Marcel Ivan Ramirez,
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Gutierrez BC, Ancarola ME, Volpato-Rossi I, Marcilla A, Ramirez MI, Rosenzvit MC, Cucher M, Poncini CV. Extracellular vesicles from Trypanosoma cruzi-dendritic cell interaction show modulatory properties and confer resistance to lethal infection as a cell-free based therapy strategy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:980817. [PMID: 36467728 PMCID: PMC9710384 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.980817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include a heterogeneous group of particles. Microvesicles, apoptotic bodies and exosomes are the most characterized vesicles. They can be distinguished by their size, morphology, origin and molecular composition. To date, increasing studies demonstrate that EVs mediate intercellular communication. EVs reach considerable interest in the scientific community due to their role in diverse processes including antigen-presentation, stimulation of anti-tumoral immune responses, tolerogenic or inflammatory effects. In pathogens, EV shedding is well described in fungi, bacteria, protozoan and helminths parasites. For Trypanosoma cruzi EV liberation and protein composition was previously described. Dendritic cells (DCs), among other cells, are key players promoting the immune response against pathogens and also maintaining self-tolerance. In previous reports we have demonstrate that T. cruzi downregulates DCs immunogenicity in vitro and in vivo. Here we analyze EVs from the in vitro interaction between blood circulating trypomastigotes (Tp) and bone-marrow-derived DCs. We found that Tp incremented the number and the size of EVs in cultures with DCs. EVs displayed some exosome markers and intracellular RNA. Protein analysis demonstrated that the parasite changes the DC protein-EV profile. We observed that EVs from the interaction of Tp-DCs were easily captured by unstimulated-DCs in comparison with EVs from DCs cultured without the parasite, and also modified the activation status of LPS-stimulated DCs. Noteworthy, we found protection in animals treated with EVs-DCs+Tp and challenged with T. cruzi lethal infection. Our goal is to go deep into the molecular characterization of EVs from the DCs-Tp interaction, in order to identify mediators for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Celeste Gutierrez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médicas (IMPaM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Eugenia Ancarola
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médicas (IMPaM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Izadora Volpato-Rossi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Antonio Marcilla
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mara Cecilia Rosenzvit
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médicas (IMPaM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Cucher
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médicas (IMPaM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Verónica Poncini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médicas (IMPaM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Silva Filho BF, Filipak Neto F, Marchi MD, Moggio EL, Rossi IV, Sabatke B, Ramirez MI, Lucena MCDS, Todeschini AR, Oliveira Ribeiro CAD. BDE-209 and TCDD enhance metastatic characteristics of melanoma cells after chronic exposure. Environ Pollut 2022; 313:120140. [PMID: 36100121 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) and BDE-209 (decabromodiphenyl ether) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) produced by industrial activities and associated with several diseases. TCDD is a known human carcinogen, but few studies investigated about the effects of exposure to both compounds, i.e., whether BDE-209 and TCDD can render tumor cells more aggressive and metastatic. In the current study we investigated if the exposure of B16-F1 and B16-F10 melanoma murine cells to environmental relevant concentrations of TCDD and BDE-209 at 24 h and 15-day exposure modulates the expression of genes related to metastasis, making the cells more aggressive. Both pollutants did not affect cell viability but lead to increase of cell proliferation, including the upregulation of vimentin, MMP2, MMP9, MMP14 and PGK1 gene expression and downregulation of E-cadherin, TIMP2, TIMP3 and RECK, strongly suggesting changes in cell phenotypes defined as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in BDE-209 and TCDD-exposed cells. Foremost, increased expression of metalloproteinases and decreased expression of their inhibitors made B16-F1 cells similar the more aggressive B16-F10 cell line. Also, the higher secretion of extracellular vesicles by cells after acute exposure to BDE-209 could be related with the phenotype changes. These results are a strong indication of the potential of BDE-209 and TCDD to modulate cell phenotype, leading to a more aggressive profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benisio Ferreira Silva Filho
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Francisco Filipak Neto
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Micheli de Marchi
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Erick Laurent Moggio
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Izadora Volpato Rossi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistemática de Tripanossomatideos, Instituto Carlos Chagas -Fiocruz PR, CEP 81.350-010, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Sabatke
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistemática de Tripanossomatideos, Instituto Carlos Chagas -Fiocruz PR, CEP 81.350-010, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistemática de Tripanossomatideos, Instituto Carlos Chagas -Fiocruz PR, CEP 81.350-010, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Miguel Clodomiro Dos Santos Lucena
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional. Instituto Carlos Chagas Filho. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21.941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriane Regina Todeschini
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional. Instituto Carlos Chagas Filho. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21.941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Rossi IV, de Lima JD, Sabatke B, Nunes MAF, Ramirez GE, Ramirez MI. Active learning tools improve the learning outcomes, scientific attitude, and critical thinking in higher education: Experiences in an online course during the COVID-19 pandemic. Biochem Mol Biol Educ 2021; 49:888-903. [PMID: 34652877 PMCID: PMC8653153 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Active teaching methodologies have been placed as a hope for changing education at different levels, transiting from passive lecture-centered to student-centered learning. With the health measures of social distance, the COVID-19 pandemic forced a strong shift to remote education. With the challenge of delivering quality education through a computer screen, we validated and applied an online course model using active teaching tools for higher education. We incorporated published active-learning strategies into an online construct, with problem-based inquiry and design of inquiry research projects to serve as our core active learning tool. The gains related to students' science learning experiences and their attitudes toward science were assessed by applying questionnaires before, during, and after the course. The course counted on the participation of 83 students, most of them (60.8%) from postgraduate students. Our results show that engagement provided by active learning methods can improve performance both in hard and soft skills. Students' participation seems to be more relevant when activities require the interaction of information, prediction, and reasoning, such as open-ended questions and design of research projects. Therefore, our data show that, in pandemic, active learning tools benefit students and improve their critical thinking and their motivation and positive positioning in science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izadora Volpato Rossi
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular BiologyFederal University of ParanáCuritibaBrazilBrazil
| | - Jordana Dinorá de Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular BiologyFederal University of ParanáCuritibaBrazilBrazil
| | - Bruna Sabatke
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular BiologyFederal University of ParanáCuritibaBrazilBrazil
| | | | | | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- EVAHPI ‐ Extracellular Vesicles and Host‐Parasite Interactions Research Group Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistemática de TripanossomatideosCarlos Chagas Institute‐FiocruzCuritibaBrazil
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15
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Schemczssen-Graeff Z, Justa HCD, Nowatzki J, Baldissera AB, Polli NLC, De-Bona E, Rossi IV, Ramirez MI, Minozzo JC, Matsubara FH, Senff-Ribeiro A, Gremski LH, Veiga SS. Description of a serpin toxin in Loxosceles (Brown spider) venoms: Cloning, expression in baculovirus-infected insect cells and functional characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1607-1620. [PMID: 34029585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several classes of toxins are present in the venom of Brown spiders (Loxosceles genus), some of them are highly expressed and others are less expressed. In this work, we aimed to clone the sequence of a little expressed novel toxin from Loxosceles venom identified as a serine protease inhibitor (serpin), as well as to express and characterize its biochemical and biological properties. It was named LSPILT, derived from Loxoscelesserine protease inhibitor-like toxin. Multiple alignment analysis revealed high identity between LSPILT and other serpin molecules from spiders and crab. LSPILT was produced in baculovirus-infected insect cells, resulting in a 46-kDa protein fused to a His-tag. Immunological assays showed epitopes in LSPILT that resemble native venom toxins of Loxosceles spiders. The inhibitory activity of LSPILT on trypsin was found both by reverse zymography and fluorescent gelatin-degradation assay. Additionally, LSPILT inhibited the complement-dependent lysis of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes, reduced thrombin-dependent clotting and suppressed B16-F10 melanoma cells migration. Results described herein prove the existence of conserved serpin-like toxins in Loxosceles venoms. The availability of a recombinant serpin enabled the determination of its biological and biochemical properties and indicates potential applications in future studies regarding the pathophysiology of the envenoming or for biotechnological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Câmara da Justa
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81530-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Nowatzki
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81530-900, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elidiana De-Bona
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81530-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Izadora Volpato Rossi
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Paraná, (UFPR), Curitiba 81530-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Paraná, (UFPR), Curitiba 81530-900, PR, Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Minozzo
- Center for Production and Research of Immunobiological Products (CPPI), State Department of Health, Piraquara 83302-200, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Senff-Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81530-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiza Helena Gremski
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81530-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Silvio Sanches Veiga
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81530-900, PR, Brazil.
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Rossi IV, Ferreira Nunes MA, Vargas-Otalora S, da Silva Ferreira TC, Cortez M, Ramirez MI. Extracellular Vesicles during TriTryps infection: Complexity and future challenges. Mol Immunol 2021; 132:172-183. [PMID: 33601226 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The trypanosomatid pathogens Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma cruzi, and Trypanosoma brucei, currently grouped as TriTryps, have evolved through the time to overcome the upfront innate immune response and establish the infection in humans adapting many aspects of the parasite-cell host interaction. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerge as critical structures carrying different key molecules from parasites and target cells that interact continuously during infection. Current information regarding the structure and composition of these vesicles provide new insights into the primary role of TriTryps-EVs reviewed in this work. Expanding knowledge about these critical vesicular structures will promote advances in basic sciences and in translational applications controlling pathogenesis in the neglected tropical diseases caused by TriTryps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izadora Volpato Rossi
- Cell and Molecular Biology program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Vargas-Otalora
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Cortez
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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17
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Gavinho B, Sabatke B, Feijoli V, Rossi IV, da Silva JM, Evans-Osses I, Palmisano G, Lange S, Ramirez MI. Peptidylarginine Deiminase Inhibition Abolishes the Production of Large Extracellular Vesicles From Giardia intestinalis, Affecting Host-Pathogen Interactions by Hindering Adhesion to Host Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:417. [PMID: 33072615 PMCID: PMC7539837 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis is a microaerophilic protozoan that is an important etiologic agent of diarrhea worldwide. There is evidence that under diverse conditions, the parasite is capable of shedding extracellular vesicles (EVs) which modulate the physiopathology of giardiasis. Here we describe new features of G. intestinalis EV production, revealing its capacity to shed two different enriched EV populations: large (LEV) and small extracellular vesicles (SEV) and identified relevant adhesion functions associated with the larger population. Proteomic analysis revealed differences in proteins relevant for virulence and host-pathogen interactions between the two EV subsets, such as cytoskeletal and anti-oxidative stress response proteins in LEVS. We assessed the effect of two recently identified inhibitors of EV release in mammalian cells, namely peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) inhibitor and cannabidiol (CBD), on EV release from Giardia. The compounds were both able to effectively reduce EV shedding, the PAD-inhibitor specifically affecting the release of LEVs and reducing parasite attachment to host cells in vitro. Our results suggest that LEVs and SEVs have a different role in host-pathogen interaction, and that treatment with EV-inhibitors may be a novel treatment strategy for recurrent giardiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gavinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruna Sabatke
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Veronica Feijoli
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas II, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izadora Volpato Rossi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Janaina Macedo da Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas II, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Evans-Osses
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Centro Universitario Santa Cruz, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas II, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Gutierrez BC, Lammel E, Ramirez MI, González-Cappa SM, Poncini CV. Modulatory Effect of Trypanosoma cruzi Infective Stages in Different Dendritic Cell Populations in vitro. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:20. [PMID: 32175284 PMCID: PMC7057235 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that infects at least 7 million persons in the world (OMS, 2019). In endemic areas, infection normally occurs by vectorial transmission; however, outside, it normally happens by blood and includes congenital transmission. The persistence of T. cruzi during infection suggests the presence of immune evasion mechanisms and the modulation of the anti-parasite response to a profile incapable of eradicating the parasite. Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that patrol tissues with a key role in mediating the interface between the innate and adaptive immune response. Previous results from our lab and other groups have demonstrated that T. cruzi modulates the functional properties of DCs, in vitro and in vivo. During vectorial transmission, metacyclic (m) trypomastigotes (Tps) eliminated along with the insect feces reach the mucous membranes or injured skin. When transmission occurs by the hematic route, the parasite stage involved in the infection is the circulating or blood (b) Tp. Here, we studied in vitro the effect of both infective mTp and bTp in two different populations of DCs, bone marrow–derived DCs (BMDCs) and XS106, a cell line derived from epidermal DCs. Results demonstrated that the interaction of both Tps imparts a different effect in the functionality of these two populations of DCs, suggesting that the stage of T. cruzi and DC maturation status could define the immune response from the beginning of the ingress of the parasite, conditioning the course of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Celeste Gutierrez
- Laboratório de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (MPaM) UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estela Lammel
- Laboratório de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (MPaM) UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Stella Maris González-Cappa
- Laboratório de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (MPaM) UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Verónica Poncini
- Laboratório de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (MPaM) UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membrane-surrounded structures that participate in cellular communications, which comprise exosomes and microvesicles. These vesicles have different biogenesis, and their physiological and pathological roles in chronic and infectious diseases are under constant investigation. In Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi EVs have been described using different approaches. The isolation of T. cruzi-derived EVs has been done mainly using the differential centrifugation technique, and different strategies have been employed for characterization of them. Here, we describe the method to isolate EVs by differential centrifugation and a detection protocol for EVs in T. cruzi-host cell interaction to allow further investigations about this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izadora Volpato Rossi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Patologia e Parasitologia da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gavinho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Patologia e Parasitologia da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
- Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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20
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Wyllie MP, Ramirez MI. Microvesicles released during the interaction between Trypanosoma cruzi TcI and TcII strains and host blood cells inhibit complement system and increase the infectivity of metacyclic forms of host cells in a strain-independent process. Pathog Dis 2018; 75:3943644. [PMID: 28859399 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, whether microvesicles (MVs) or exosomes, shed by pathogens transfer virulence factors and biomolecules to host cells, thereby altering the host's susceptibility to infection. We have previously demonstrated that MV release is increased during the interaction between the infective forms of Trypanosoma cruzi and host cells. MVs confer parasite resistance to complement-mediated lysis and enhance parasite invasion. In this study, we show that differences exist in the levels of MVs released during the interaction between metacyclic trypomastigotes of different T. cruzi strains (with varied sensitivity to complement-mediated lysis, namely sensitive G strain TcI and resistant Y strain TcII) and host cells. MVs produced during the interaction between TcII parasites and host cells increased parasite resistance to complement lysis from 50% to 80% and parasite invasion was increased to over 50%. MVs purified during the interaction between TcI parasites and host cells have a stronger effect, doubling complement resistance and parasite invasion. The complement-mediated lysis assays showed that all MVs inhibit mainly the lectin pathway. Interestingly, MVs derived from parasites of one class did not alter complement resistance and the invasion process of parasites from the other class. This is the first description of MVs from T. cruzi with strain-dependent phenotypic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Wyllie
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - M I Ramirez
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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21
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do Nascimento GE, Winnischofer SMB, Ramirez MI, Iacomini M, Cordeiro LMC. The influence of sweet pepper pectin structural characteristics on cytokine secretion by THP-1 macrophages. Food Res Int 2017; 102:588-594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ramirez MI, Deolindo P, de Messias-Reason IJ, Arigi EA, Choi H, Almeida IC, Evans-Osses I. Dynamic flux of microvesicles modulate parasite-host cell interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi in eukaryotic cells. Cell Microbiol 2016; 19. [PMID: 27665486 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles released from pathogens may alter host cell functions. We previously demonstrated the involvement of host cell-derived microvesicles (MVs) during early interaction between Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic trypomastigote (META) stage and THP-1 cells. Here, we aim to understand the contribution of different parasite stages and their extracellular vesicles in the interaction with host cells. First, we observed that infective host cell-derived trypomastigote (tissue culture-derived trypomastigote [TCT]), META, and noninfective epimastigote (EPI) stages were able to induce different levels of MV release from THP-1 cells; however, only META and TCT could increase host cell invasion. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy revealed that THP-1-derived MVs can fuse with parasite-derived MVs. Furthermore, MVs derived from the TCT-THP-1 interaction showed a higher fusogenic capacity than those from META- or EPI-THP-1 interaction. However, a higher presence of proteins from META (25%) than TCT (12%) or EPI (5%) was observed in MVs from parasite-THP-1 interaction, as determined by proteomics. Finally, sera from patients with chronic Chagas disease at the indeterminate or cardiac phase differentially recognized antigens in THP-1-derived MVs resulting only from interaction with infective stages. The understanding of intracellular trafficking and the effect of MVs modulating the immune system may provide important clues about Chagas disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Ramirez
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - P Deolindo
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Emma A Arigi
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - H Choi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - I C Almeida
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - I Evans-Osses
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Evans-Osses I, Mojoli A, Beltrame MH, da Costa DE, DaRocha WD, Velavan TP, de Messias-Reason I, Ramirez MI. Differential ability to resist to complement lysis and invade host cells mediated by MBL in R4 and 860 strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:956-61. [PMID: 24560788 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To produce an infection Trypanosoma cruzi must evade lysis by the complement system. During early stages of infection, the lectin pathway plays an important role in host defense and can be activated by binding of mannan-binding lectin (MBL) to carbohydrates on the surface of pathogens. We hypothesized that MBL has a dual role during parasite-host cell interaction as lectin complement pathway activator and as binding molecule to invade the host cell. We used two polarized strains of T. cruzi, R4 (susceptible) and 860 (resistant) strains, to investigate the role of MBL in complement-mediated lysis. Interestingly R4, but not 860 metacyclic strain, markedly increases the invasion of host cells, suggesting that MBL drives the invasion process while the parasite deactivates the Lectin complement pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Evans-Osses
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz., Av Brasil, 4550. Manguinhos-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andres Mojoli
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz., Av Brasil, 4550. Manguinhos-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Holsbach Beltrame
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Denise Endo da Costa
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Duarte DaRocha
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional de Parasitos, Departamento de Bioquimica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Iara de Messias-Reason
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz., Av Brasil, 4550. Manguinhos-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Fampa P, Lisboa CV, Zahner V, Jansen AM, Ramirez MI. Wide Proteolytic Activity Survey Reinforces Heterogeneity Among Trypanosoma cruzi TCI and TCII Wild Populations. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2010; 10:839-45. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2009.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Fampa
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Zahner
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Sistemática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Jansen
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Inal JM, Hui KM, Miot S, Lange S, Ramirez MI, Schneider B, Krueger G, Schifferli JA. Complement C2 receptor inhibitor trispanning: a novel human complement inhibitory receptor. J Immunol 2005; 174:356-66. [PMID: 15611259 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.1.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The complement system presents a powerful defense against infection and is tightly regulated to prevent damage to self by functionally equivalent soluble and membrane regulators. We describe complement C2 receptor inhibitor trispanning (CRIT), a novel human complement regulatory receptor, expressed on hemopoietic cells and a wide range of tissues throughout the body. CRIT is present in human parasites through horizontal transmission. Serum complement component C2 binds to the N-terminal extracellular domain 1 of CRIT, which, in peptide form, blocks C3 convertase formation and complement-mediated inflammation. Unlike C1 inhibitor, which inhibits the cleavage of C4 and C2, CRIT only blocks C2 cleavage but, in so doing, shares with C1 inhibitor the same functional effect, of preventing classical pathway C3 convertase formation. Ab blockage of cellular CRIT reduces inhibition of cytolysis, indicating that CRIT is a novel complement regulator protecting autologous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel M Inal
- Immunonephrology Lab 414, Department of Research, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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Ejchel TF, Ramirez MI, Vargas N, Azevedo EB, Elias MC, Zingales B, Schenkman S. The largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II of Trypanosoma cruzi lacks the repeats in the carboxy-terminal domain and is encoded by several genes. Parasitol Int 2004; 52:243-9. [PMID: 14550480 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5769(03)00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The largest subunit of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) of several members of Kinetoplastida order and other early diverging eukaryote contains a serine, tyrosine and proline-rich domain in the carboxyl-terminal instead of the typical heptapeptides repeats found in most eukaryotes. The lack of these repeats seems to reflect the different control of gene transcription found in these organisms. To provide further understanding in these mechanisms, we have characterized the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II LSU) in Trypanosoma cruzi. We found that it also lacks the heptapeptide repeats in the carboxy-terminal domain, but is quite similar to the same region in the Trypanosoma brucei enzyme, suggesting a conserved role for this domain. In addition, we found several genes encoding the RNA Pol II in T. cruzi, distributed in different chromosomal bands in several isolates. Two of these genes were entirely sequenced and shown to be quite similar. The presence of several gene copies of the RNA Pol II LSU, also described in African trypanosomes might reflect a gene amplification requirement that appeared early in the evolution of these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Flank Ejchel
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mozuraitis R, Stranden M, Ramirez MI, Borg-Karlson AK, Mustaparta H. (-)-Germacrene D increases attraction and oviposition by the tobacco budworm moth Heliothis virescens. Chem Senses 2002; 27:505-9. [PMID: 12142326 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/27.6.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The sesquiterpene germacrene D (GD) activates a major type of olfactory receptor neuron on the antennae of the heliothine moths. In Heliothis virescens females, 80% of the recordings have shown activity of one neuron type responding with high sensitivity and selectivity to GD. With the aim of determining the behavioural significance of this sesquiterpene, we have used a two-choice wind-tunnel to study the preference of mated H. virescens females for host plants with and without (-)-GD added. Tobacco plants containing dispensers with low release rate of (-)-GD had a greater attractiveness than tobacco plants without this substance. In addition, a significant increase of oviposition was found on the plants with (-)-GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mozuraitis
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Neuroscience Unit, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway
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Bengtsson M, Bäckman AC, Liblikas I, Ramirez MI, Borg-Karlson AK, Ansebo L, Anderson P, Löfqvist J, Witzgall P. Plant odor analysis of apple: antennal response of codling moth females to apple volatiles during phenological development. J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49:3736-3741. [PMID: 11513657 DOI: 10.1021/jf0100548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds were collected from apple branches (Malus domestica) at different developmental stages, and the antennal response of codling moth females (Cydia pomonella) to these compounds was recorded by electroantennography coupled to gas chromatography. Presence of a range of terpenoid compounds, many of which had antennal activity, was characteristic for volatile collections from branches with leaves, and from small green apples. Nine compounds from branches with leaves and green fruit consistently elicited an antennal response: methyl salicylate, (E)-beta-farnesene, beta-caryophyllene, 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene, (Z)3-hexenol, (Z,E)-alpha-farnesene, linalool, germacrene D, and (E,E)-alpha-farnesene. The bouquet emitted from flowering branches contained in addition several benzenoid compounds which were not found after bloom. Small green apples, which are the main target of codling moth oviposition during the first seasonal flight period, released very few esters. In comparison, fully grown apples released a large number of esters, but fewer terpenoids. The study of apple volatiles eliciting an antennal response, together with a survey of the seasonal change in the release of these compounds, is the first step toward the identification of volatiles mediating host-finding and oviposition in codling moth females.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bengtsson
- Department of Crop Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
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Ramirez MI, Yamauchi LM, de Freitas LH, Uemura H, Schenkman S. The use of the green fluorescent protein to monitor and improve transfection in Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2000; 111:235-40. [PMID: 11087935 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-6851(00)00309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M I Ramirez
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862 8A, 04023-062 Sao Paulo S.P., Brazil
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Carmo MS, Araya JE, Ramirez MI, Boscardin S, Cano MI, Baida RP, Ruiz RC, Santos MR, Chiurillo MA, Ramirez JL, Yoshida N, Silveira JF. Organization and expression of a multigene family encoding the surface glycoproteins of Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic trypomastigotes involved in the cell invasion. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2000; 94 Suppl 1:169-71. [PMID: 10677708 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761999000700022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M S Carmo
- Departamento de Micro, Imuno e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Unifesp, São Paulo, Brasil
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Ramirez MI, Chung UI, Williams MC. Aquaporin-5 expression, but not other peripheral lung marker genes, is reduced in PTH/PTHrP receptor null mutant fetal mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2000; 22:367-72. [PMID: 10696074 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.22.3.3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and the parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH/PTHrP) receptor are important developmental regulators of cell growth and differentiation in some organs. In lung, both the peptide and the receptor are expressed early in development and in alveolar cells in adults. In adult alveolar cells, PTHrP appears to promote the alveolar type II cell phenotype in vitro. Mice carrying null mutations in genes for either receptor or ligand die at birth of respiratory failure. To determine if absence of the PTH/PTHrP receptor alters morphogenesis or cellular differentiation of the distal lung, we analyzed the morphology and gene expression patterns in PTH/PTHrP receptor null mutant mice right before birth and compared them with wild-type and heterozygous null littermates. Using semiquantitative Northern blots, we observed that messenger RNA (mRNA) for aquaporin-5, the type I cell-specific water channel, was markedly decreased. The abundance of other marker mRNAs for type I and type II cell phenotypes, including T1alpha, surfactant proteins, and others, was unaltered. Gross morphology and lung pattern, assessed by in situ hybridization for surfactant protein C, were normal. We conclude therefore that, although signaling through this receptor may influence expression of specific lung genes, it does not play a major role in the general regulation of lung development and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Ramirez
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine and Anatomy, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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32
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Ramirez MI, Boscardin SB, Han SW, Paranhos-Baccala G, Yoshida N, Kelly JM, Mortara RA, Da Silveira JF. Heterologous expression of a Trypanosoma cruzi surface glycoprotein (gp82) in mammalian cells indicates the existence of different signal sequence requirements and processing. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1999; 46:557-65. [PMID: 10568029 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1999.tb05131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metacyclic trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi express a developmentally regulated 82 kDa surface glycoprotein (gp82) that has been implicated in the mammalian cell invasion. When the non-infective epimastigote stage of the parasite was transfected with a vector containing the gp82 gene, an 82 kDa surface glycoprotein, which was indistinguishable from the metacyclic stage protein, was expressed. In contrast, when the same gene was expressed in transfected mammalian cells, although a large amount of protein was produced, it was not imported into the endoplasmic reticulum and glycosylated. This blockage in targeting and processing could be partially compensated for by the addition of a virus haemagglutinin signal peptide to the amino terminus of gp82. Thus, the requirements for membrane protein processing are distinct in mammals and T. cruzi, and an intrinsic feature of the gp82 prevents subsequent sorting to the mammalian cell surface. These results could be useful in the development of new DNA vaccines against T. cruzi employing parasite genes encoding immunodominant surface glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Ramirez
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brazil
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Ramirez MI, Cao YX, Williams MC. 1.3 kilobases of the lung type I cell T1alpha gene promoter mimics endogenous gene expression patterns during development but lacks sequences to enhance expression in perinatal and adult lung. Dev Dyn 1999; 215:319-31. [PMID: 10417821 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0177(199908)215:4<319::aid-aja4>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The T1alpha gene is one of few markers for the type I cell phenotype in the adult mammalian lung. Type I cells form a large, thin epithelial layer that facilitates gas exchange and transport of fluids between the air spaces and capillaries. The T1alpha gene has a complex pattern of developmental expression in lung and brain; in vitro studies indicate that expression is regulated in part by thyroid transcription factor 1, forkhead proteins, and Sp1/Sp3 proteins. To explore the mechanisms that confine T1alpha expression in intact adult animals to alveolar type I and choroid plexus epithelial cells, we generated mice bearing a 1.3-kb T1alpha promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. In situ hybridization and RNase protection assays show that the 1.3-kb promoter confers a pattern of CAT expression that largely matches the endogenous T1alpha in embryos and mid-term fetuses in lung and central nervous system. However, the 1.3-kb promoter lacks elements important for perinatal up-regulation of T1alpha in the lung and maintenance of that expression in the adult lung and brain. The final adult pattern of T1alpha expression may be directed by elements outside the 1.3-kb fragment, perhaps those 5' to the 1.3-kb fragment as we show herein, or in 3' and intronic regions. Dev Dyn 1999;215:319-331.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Ramirez
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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Ramirez MI, Boscardin SB, Ruiz RC, Han SW, Paranhos-Baccala GS, Yoshida N, Mortara RA, Silveira JF. Heterologous expression of a trypanosoma cruzi surface glycoprotein (gp82) indicates that requirements for glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring are different in mammalian cells and this trypanosome. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1999; 94:527-30. [PMID: 10446014 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761999000400018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M I Ramirez
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brasil
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Ramirez MI, Rishi AK, Cao YX, Williams MC. TGT3, thyroid transcription factor I, and Sp1 elements regulate transcriptional activity of the 1.3-kilobase pair promoter of T1alpha, a lung alveolar type I cell gene. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:26285-94. [PMID: 9334198 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.42.26285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type I epithelial cells form the major surface for gas exchange in the lung. To explore how type I cells differ in gene expression from their progenitor alveolar type II cells, we analyzed transcriptional regulation of T1alpha, a gene expressed by adult type I but not type II cells. In vivo developmental patterns of T1alpha expression in lung and brain suggest active gene regulation. We cloned and sequenced 1.25 kilobase pairs of the T1alpha promoter that can drive reporter expression in lung epithelial cell lines. Deletion analyses identified regions important for lung cell expression. The base pair (bp) -100 to -170 fragment conferred differential regulation in lung epithelial cells compared with fibroblasts. Sequence alignment of this fragment with type II-specific surfactant protein B and C promoters shows similar consensus elements arranged in a different order. Gel retardation studies with alveolar epithelial cell line nuclear extracts, thyroid transcription factor I (TTF-1) homeodomain, hepatic nuclear factor (HNF)-3beta, or Sp1 proteins, and supershift assays were used to characterize TTF-1, HNF-3 (TGT3), and Sp1/Sp3 binding sites. The TGT3 site binds factors with binding properties similar to HNF-3/Fkh (hepatic nuclear factor-3/forkhead) proteins but different from HNF-3alpha or HNF-3beta. Co-transfection with a TTF-1 expression vector moderately transactivated the -170 bp-reporter construct. Mutational analysis of these three binding sites showed reduced transcriptional activity of the -170 bp promoter. Therefore, several regulatory sequences involved in type II cell gene regulation are also present in the T1alpha promoter, suggesting that genes of the peripheral lung epithelium may be regulated by similar factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Ramirez
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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Vila MC, Cozza EN, Lima C, Ramirez MI, De Lederkremer RM. An inositol phosphoglycan from Trypanosoma cruzi inhibits ACTH action in calf adrenocortical cells. Cell Signal 1995; 7:331-9. [PMID: 8527302 DOI: 10.1016/0898-6568(95)00008-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe the effect of an inositol phosphoglycan (IPG) purified from Trypanosoma cruzi on the stimulation of aldosterone and cAMP production by ACTH in calf adrenocortical cells. T. cruzi IPG has two galactofuranose residues (Galf) which are not frequent in other IPGs. The effect of IPG with galactofuranose residues (IPG Galf) and IPG without these residues (IPG) was investigated. It was found that IPG Galf slightly decreased the stimulation of aldosterone and cAMP production by ACTH, whereas IPG significantly inhibited ACTH-mediated accumulation of both aldosterone and cAMP. The inhibition of aldosterone content in ACTH-treated cells by IPG was dose dependent. It was also found that the pretreatment of calf adrenocortical cells with IPG inhibited the accumulation of aldosterone provoked by ACTH and dibutyryladenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (db-cAMP). On the other hand, the activation of a GPI (glycosyl phosphatidylinositol)-phospholipase C by ACTH was evaluated. First it was found that the release of ceramide from a GPI-like molecule: a glycoinositol-phosphoceramide (LPPG) purified from T. cruzi is increased in ACTH-treated cells. Second, the release of alkaline phosphatase, a GPI-anchored enzyme, to the extracellular medium was increased in these cells by ACTH. These data suggest that ACTH activates a phospholipase C in calf adrenocortical cells, releasing IPG, which in turn may inhibit, or modulate ACTH action.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Vila
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ramirez MI, Karaoglu D, Haro D, Barillas C, Bashirzadeh R, Gil G. Cholesterol and bile acids regulate cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase expression at the transcriptional level in culture and in transgenic mice. Mol Cell Biol 1994; 14:2809-21. [PMID: 8139578 PMCID: PMC358646 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.14.4.2809-2821.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (7 alpha-hydroxylase) is the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid biosynthesis. It is subject to a feedback control, whereby high levels of bile acids suppress its activity, and cholesterol exerts a positive control. It has been suggested that posttranscriptional control plays a major part in that regulation. We have studied the mechanisms by which cholesterol and bile acids regulate expression of the 7 alpha-hydroxylase gene and found it to be solely at the transcriptional level by using two different approaches. First, using a tissue culture system, we localized a liver-specific enhancer located 7 kb upstream of the transcriptional initiation site. We also showed that low-density lipoprotein mediates transcriptional activation of chimeric genes, containing either the 7 alpha-hydroxylase or the albumin enhancer in front of the 7 alpha-hydroxylase proximal promoter, to the same extent as the in vivo cholesterol-mediated regulation of 7 alpha-hydroxylase mRNA. In a second approach, using transgenic mice, we have found that expression of an albumin enhancer-7 alpha-hydroxylase-lacZ fusion gene is restricted to the liver and is regulated by cholesterol and bile acids in a manner quantitatively similar to that of the endogenous gene. We also found, that a liver-specific enhancer is necessary for expression of the rat 7 alpha-hydroxylase gene, in agreement with the tissue culture experiments. Together, these results demonstrate that cholesterol and bile acids regulate the expression of the 7 alpha-hydroxylase gene solely at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Ramirez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655
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de Lederkremer RM, Lima CE, Ramirez MI, Gonçalvez MF, Colli W. Hexadecylpalmitoylglycerol or ceramide is linked to similar glycophosphoinositol anchor-like structures in Trypanosoma cruzi. Eur J Biochem 1993; 218:929-36. [PMID: 8281945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18449.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The lipopeptidophosphoglycan from Trypanosoma cruzi is a glycosylated inositol-phosphoceramide isolated from epimastigotes at the stationary phase of growth (4-5 days). We have now purified two similar glycoinositolphospholipids (glycoinositolphospholipid A and glycoinositolphospholipid B) from epimastigotes after the second day of culture growth. [3H]Palmitic acid was incorporated into 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-palmitoylglycerol in glycoinositolphospholipid A and into ceramide in glycoinositolphospholipid B. The lipids were released by incubation with glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from Bacillus thuringiensis or by chemical methods. After alkaline hydrolysis, the lipids were analysed by GLC/MS. In glycoinositolphospholipid A the resulting lipids corresponded to 1-O-hexadecylglycerol and palmitic acid. The ceramide components in glycoinositolphospholipid B are sphinganine, palmitic acid and lignoceric acid. The oligosaccharides could be degraded by nitrous acid and further enzymic treatment showed that the two glycoinositolphospholipids isolated from T. cruzi share the common core structure of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchors. The microheterogeneity was determined, as well as the substitution by galactose, and was mainly in the furanose configuration as was previously described for lipopeptidophosphoglycan. However, methylation analysis indicated that 20% of the galactose is in the pyranose form. Both glycoinositolphospholipids mainly differ in the lipid moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M de Lederkremer
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ramirez MI, Ruiz RDC, Araya JE, Da Silveira JF, Yoshida N. Involvement of the stage-specific 82-kilodalton adhesion molecule of Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic trypomastigotes in host cell invasion. Infect Immun 1993; 61:3636-41. [PMID: 8359886 PMCID: PMC281058 DOI: 10.1128/iai.61.9.3636-3641.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provides several pieces of evidence indicating that 3F6-Ag, identified by monoclonal antibody (MAb) 3F6 as a stage-specific glycoprotein of approximately 82 kDa on the surface of metacyclic trypomastigotes of different Trypanosoma cruzi strains, promotes the entry of parasites into host cells through a ligand-receptor type interaction. First, invasion of Vero cells by metacyclic trypomastigotes of both CL and Tulahuen strains was significantly inhibited by MAb 3F6 or its Fab fragments. Second, purified 3F6-Ag bound to Vero cells in a dose-dependent and saturable fashion. Third, soluble 3F6-Ag reduced the infection of Vero cells by metacyclic forms of CL and Tulahuen strains by 90 to 97 and 50%, respectively. Unrelated proteins, as well as extracellular matrix components, such as heparan sulfate and collagen, had no effect. Our studies also show that in the Tulahuen strain, 10D8-Ag, a 35/50-kDa glycoprotein identified by MAb 10D8, participates in target cell invasion, confirming previous observations, but the variant form of 10D8-Ag expressed by highly invasive CL strain metacyclic trypomastigotes appears to be irrelevant. Overall, our results indicate that the surface components of T. cruzi metacyclic trypomastigotes involved in the process of host cell penetration are developmentally regulated molecules, such as 3F6-Ag and 10D8-Ag, that have no counterpart in blood- or tissue culture-derived trypomastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Ramirez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Lederkremer RM, Lima C, Ramirez MI, Ferguson MA, Homans SW, Thomas-Oates J. Complete structure of the glycan of lipopeptidophosphoglycan from Trypanosoma cruzi Epimastigotes. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:23670-5. [PMID: 1748644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipopeptidophosphoglycan is the major cell surface glycoconjugate of the epimastigote forms of the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. A detailed partial structure for this molecule has been reported (Previato, J. O., Gorin, P. A. J., Mazurek, M., Xavier, M. T., Fournet, B., Wieruszesk, J. M., and Mendonca-Previato, L. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 2518-2526). In this study, we complete the primary structure assignments and describe the microheterogeneity found in the lipopeptidophosphoglycan glycan, using a combination of 1H and 31P NMR, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, methylation linkage analysis, and exoglycosidase sequencing. The lipopeptidophosphoglycan is a glycosylated inositol-phosphoceramide with striking homology to glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchors found attached to a wide variety of plasma membrane proteins throughout the eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M de Lederkremer
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencas Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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de Lederkremer RM, Lima C, Ramirez MI, Casal OL. Structural features of the lipopeptidophosphoglycan from Trypanosoma cruzi common with the glycophosphatidylinositol anchors. Eur J Biochem 1990; 192:337-45. [PMID: 2145155 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The lipopeptidophosphoglycan (LPPG) from Trypanosoma cruzi, a major constituent of the plasma membrane of epimastigote forms, has been now extracted with butanol/water from delipidated cells and purified by hydrophobic chromatography. We have found that the LPPG undergoes two reactions, characteristic of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors: (a) cleavage of the ceramide by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PtdIns-specific phospholipase C) from Bacillus thuringiensis, (b) nitrous acid deamination of the non-N-acylated glucosamine. Palmitoylsphinganine, palmitoylsphingosine, lignoceroylsphinganine and, as minor components, the stearoylceramides were identified by gas liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The presence of cross reacting determinant (CRD) epitopes in the glycophosphoinositol released by PtdIns-specific phospholipase C was investigated by direct and inhibition ELISA. A sample of glycophosphoinositol containing 5 micrograms carbohydrate caused 60% inhibition of the binding of anti-CRD antibodies raised against the soluble form of variant surface glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M de Lederkremer
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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